1
|
Alternatives to Fight Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococci and Enterococci. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091116. [PMID: 34572698 PMCID: PMC8471638 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram positive pathogens are a significant cause of healthcare-associated infections, with Staphylococci and Enterococci being the most prevalent ones. Vancomycin, a last resort glycopeptide, is used to fight these bacteria but the emergence of resistance against this drug leaves some patients with few therapeutic options. To counter this issue, new generations of antibiotics have been developed but resistance has already been reported. In this article, we review the strategies in place or in development to counter vancomycin-resistant pathogens. First, an overview of traditional antimicrobials already on the market or in the preclinical or clinical pipeline used individually or in combination is summarized. The second part focuses on the non-traditional antimicrobials, such as antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages and nanoparticles. The conclusion is that there is hitherto no substitute equivalent to vancomycin. However, promising strategies based on drugs with multiple mechanisms of action and treatments based on bacteriophages possibly combined with conventional antibiotics are hoped to provide treatment options for vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive pathogens.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu ZC, Boger DL. Exploration of the site-specific nature and generalizability of a trimethylammonium salt modification on vancomycin: A-ring derivatives. Tetrahedron 2019; 75:3160-3165. [PMID: 31327878 PMCID: PMC6640857 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin analogues bearing an A-ring trimethylammonium salt modification were synthesized and their antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) was evaluated. The modification increased antimicrobial potency and provided the capability to induce bacteria cell membrane permeabilization, but both properties were weaker than that found with our earlier reported similar C-terminus modification. The results provide further insights on the additive effect and generalizability of the structural and site-specific nature of a peripheral quaternary trimethylammonium salt modification of vancomycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yarlagadda V, Konai MM, Manjunath GB, Ghosh C, Haldar J. Tackling vancomycin-resistant bacteria with ‘lipophilic–vancomycin–carbohydrate conjugates’. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 68:302-12. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2014.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
4
|
Lebed' PS, Kos PO, Tolmachev A, Vovk MV, Boyko AN, Chekotylo A. A Facile Synthesis of Functionalized 1,2,6,7-Tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-3,5-diones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2012.707738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo S. Lebed'
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kiev , Ukraine
| | - Pavlo O. Kos
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kiev , Ukraine
| | - Andrey Tolmachev
- b ChemBioCenter, National Taras Shevchenko University , Kiev , Ukraine
| | - Mykhaylo V. Vovk
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kiev , Ukraine
| | | | - Alexey Chekotylo
- b ChemBioCenter, National Taras Shevchenko University , Kiev , Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ashford PA, Bew SP. Recent advances in the synthesis of new glycopeptide antibiotics. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 41:957-78. [PMID: 21829829 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15125h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The vancomycin family of glycopeptide antibiotics has been inspiring research in the field of synthetic chemistry since the 1980s. Recent studies have moved away from the focus of total synthesis into new territory: the design and evaluation of novel compounds based on the natural products which exhibit improved antibacterial activity. Modern approaches to drug synthesis draw together investigations into the nature of the binding environment, and innovative synthetic methodologies which provide solutions to the challenging structural features and stereochemistry associated with this intriguing class of compounds. New analogues, derivatives and dimers of the natural products, as well as recent successes in the total synthesis of the complestatins are described in this tutorial review, covering literature from the last decade.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lawson MC, Shoemaker R, Hoth KB, Bowman CN, Anseth KS. Polymerizable vancomycin derivatives for bactericidal biomaterial surface modification: structure-function evaluation. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:2221-34. [PMID: 19606854 PMCID: PMC2936007 DOI: 10.1021/bm900410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Surface modification of implantable biomaterials with biologically active functionalities, including antimicrobials, has wide potential for addressing implant-related design problems. Here, four polymerizable vancomycin derivatives bearing either acrylamide or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-acrylate were synthesized and then polymerized through a surface-mediated reaction. Functionalization of vancomycin at either the V3 or the X1 position decreased monomeric activity by 6−75-fold depending on the modification site and the nature of the adduct (P < 0.08 for all comparisons). A 5000 Da PEG chain showed an order of magnitude decrease in activity relative to a 3400 Da counterpart. Molecular dynamics computational simulations were used to explore the mechanisms of this decreased activity. Assays were also conducted to demonstrate the utility of a living radical photopolymerization to create functional, polymeric surfaces with these monomers and to demonstrate surface-based activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. In particular, the vancomycin−PEG-acrylate derivatives demonstrated a 7−8 log reduction in bacterial colony forming units (CFU) with respect to nonfunctionalized control surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- McKinley C Lawson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lebed’ PS, Kos PO, Polovinko VV, Tolmachev AA, Vovk MV. Synthesis of new polyfunctional 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo-[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-ones by the aza-Wittig reaction followed by intramolecular cyclization and 1,3-prototropic shift. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428009060207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Ogata M, Oka K, Seki M, Hoshi M, Takatsu H, Mashino T, Urano S, Endo T. Solubilization of dipropofol, an antibacterial agent, using saccharide and ascorbic acid. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1565-8. [PMID: 17666822 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dipropofol has a strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. However, it lacked the solubility in water and this property was supposed to limit its efficacy. We tried to improve the solubility and found a new solubilization method of dipropofol in water by the addition of a monosaccharide or ascorbic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ogata
- Aomori University, 2-3-1 Kohbata, Aomori 030-0943, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bryskier A. Anti-MRSA agents: under investigation, in the exploratory phase and clinically available. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2007; 3:505-53. [PMID: 16107196 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.3.4.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal infections are difficult to treat due to the rapid emergence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci and, unfortunately, vancomycin-intermediate or -resistant staphylococci. Numerous alternative treatments are urgently required. In this special report, intensive research of new molecules is highlighted--in known antibacterial families and new medicinal chemical entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Bryskier
- Aventis Pharma, Infectious Disease Group-Clinical Pharmacology, 102, Route de Noisy, 93230 Romaiville, Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pace JL, Yang G. Glycopeptides: Update on an old successful antibiotic class. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 71:968-80. [PMID: 16412985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2005] [Revised: 12/04/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The natural product glycopeptides vancomycin and teicoplanin have come to play a significant role in the therapy for Gram-positive bacterial infections. In particular vancomycin is the choice for empiric therapy of these infections primarily due to its activity against and the significance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. While high-level problematic glycopeptide resistance among enterococci was observed initially and continues to increase, the slow creep of vancomycin intermediate susceptibility and the fear of frank resistance among the staphylococci have precipitated increasing work leading to creation of new semisynthetic analogs. These new agents, including dalbavancin and telavancin, are within 1-2 years availability in the clinic. Interestingly, chemical modifications resulting in these second-generation analogs and additional characterization have revealed new mechanisms of antibacterial action, and plasticity regarding additional properties including pharmacokinetics for the drug candidates. The unique beneficial properties of the near term vancomycin replacements, semisynthesis of additional important analogs, and advances in metabolic engineering resulting in novel scaffolds signal a new era for the glycopeptide antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John L Pace
- Protez Pharmaceuticals Inc., 30 Spring Mill Drive, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Ma N, Jia Y, Liu Z, Gonzalez-Zamora E, Bois-Choussy M, Malabarba A, Brunati C, Zhu J. Design and synthesis of macrocycles active against vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE): the interplay between d-Ala-d-Lac binding and hydrophobic effect. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:743-6. [PMID: 15664849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2004] [Revised: 10/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A modified vancomycin binding pocket (D-O-E ring) incorporating a CHNHCOR function at the AA4 position is designed and synthesized. Potent bioactivities against both sensitive- and resistant-strain are found for some of these compounds (MIC 4 microg/mL against VREF). From this preliminary SAR studies, it was speculated that the D-Ala-D-Ala binding was required for this series of compounds since the corresponding des-leucine derivative is inactive. The presence of long aliphatic chain was important for the desired activities and such hydrophobic effect is specific as no beneficial effect is observed when the same aliphatic chain was attached to the other part of the molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nianchun Ma
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Studies leading to the discovery of TD-6424 and their relevance to other hydrophobically-substituted glycopeptides are reviewed along with a brief comparison of properties for related agents currently undergoing clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kevin Judice
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yasukata T, Shindo H, Yoshida O, Sumino Y, Munekage T, Narukawa Y, Nishitani Y. An efficient and practical method for solid-phase synthesis of tripeptide-bearing glycopeptide antibiotics: combinatorial parallel synthesis of carboxamide derivatives of chloroorienticin B. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:3033-6. [PMID: 12372495 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and practical method was established for solid-phase parallel synthesis of the peptide-bearing carboxamide derivatives of chloroorienticin B, and over 80 compounds were synthesized simultaneously. Among the derivatives prepared, compounds having both tryptophan and tyrosine residues (1-3) were found to possess potent antibacterial activity against VRE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Yasukata
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sagisu 5-12-4, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553-0002, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|