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Villegas A, Satheeshkumar R, Ballesteros‐Casallas A, Paulino M, Castro A, Espinosa‐Bustos C, Salas CO. Convergent synthesis, drug target prediction, and docking studies of new 2,6,9‐trisubstituted purine derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alondra Villegas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago de Chile Chile
| | - Rajendran Satheeshkumar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago de Chile Chile
| | | | - Margot Paulino
- Departamento DETEMA Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Castro
- Laboratorio de Bioproductos Farmacéuticos y Cosméticos Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
| | - Christian Espinosa‐Bustos
- Departamento de Farmacia Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago de Chile Chile
| | - Cristian O. Salas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago de Chile Chile
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Matheson CJ, Coxon CR, Bayliss R, Boxall K, Carbain B, Fry AM, Hardcastle IR, Harnor SJ, Mas-Droux C, Newell DR, Richards MW, Sivaprakasam M, Turner D, Griffin RJ, Golding BT, Cano C. 2-Arylamino-6-ethynylpurines are cysteine-targeting irreversible inhibitors of Nek2 kinase. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:707-731. [PMID: 33479670 PMCID: PMC7649933 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00074d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renewed interest in covalent inhibitors of enzymes implicated in disease states has afforded several agents targeted at protein kinases of relevance to cancers. We now report the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-ethynylpurines that act as covalent inhibitors of Nek2 by capturing a cysteine residue (Cys22) close to the catalytic domain of this protein kinase. Examination of the crystal structure of the non-covalent inhibitor 3-((6-cyclohexylmethoxy-7H-purin-2-yl)amino)benzamide in complex with Nek2 indicated that replacing the alkoxy with an ethynyl group places the terminus of the alkyne close to Cys22 and in a position compatible with the stereoelectronic requirements of a Michael addition. A series of 6-ethynylpurines was prepared and a structure activity relationship (SAR) established for inhibition of Nek2. 6-Ethynyl-N-phenyl-7H-purin-2-amine [IC50 0.15 μM (Nek2)] and 4-((6-ethynyl-7H-purin-2-yl)amino)benzenesulfonamide (IC50 0.14 μM) were selected for determination of the mode of inhibition of Nek2, which was shown to be time-dependent, not reversed by addition of ATP and negated by site directed mutagenesis of Cys22 to alanine. Replacement of the ethynyl group by ethyl or cyano abrogated activity. Variation of substituents on the N-phenyl moiety for 6-ethynylpurines gave further SAR data for Nek2 inhibition. The data showed little correlation of activity with the nature of the substituent, indicating that after sufficient initial competitive binding to Nek2 subsequent covalent modification of Cys22 occurs in all cases. A typical activity profile was that for 2-(3-((6-ethynyl-9H-purin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)acetamide [IC50 0.06 μM (Nek2); GI50 (SKBR3) 2.2 μM] which exhibited >5-10-fold selectivity for Nek2 over other kinases; it also showed > 50% growth inhibition at 10 μM concentration against selected breast and leukaemia cell lines. X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed that binding of the compound to the Nek2 ATP-binding site resulted in covalent modification of Cys22. Further studies confirmed that 2-(3-((6-ethynyl-9H-purin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)acetamide has the attributes of a drug-like compound with good aqueous solubility, no inhibition of hERG at 25 μM and a good stability profile in human liver microsomes. It is concluded that 6-ethynylpurines are promising agents for cancer treatment by virtue of their selective inhibition of Nek2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Matheson
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Christopher R Coxon
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Richard Bayliss
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , UK
- Section of Structural Biology , The Institute of Cancer Research , Sutton , UK
| | - Kathy Boxall
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit , The Institute of Cancer Research , Sutton , UK
| | - Benoit Carbain
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Andrew M Fry
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , UK
| | - Ian R Hardcastle
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Suzannah J Harnor
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Corine Mas-Droux
- Section of Structural Biology , The Institute of Cancer Research , Sutton , UK
| | - David R Newell
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Translational and Clinical Research Institute , Newcastle University Centre for Cancer , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Mark W Richards
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , UK
| | - Mangaleswaran Sivaprakasam
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - David Turner
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Roger J Griffin
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Bernard T Golding
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Céline Cano
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
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Nadaf AQA, Najare MS, Garbhagudi M, Mantur S, Sunagar MG, Gaonkar S, Joshi S, Khazi IAM. Synthesis of 6‐[4‐(4‐Propoxyphenyl)piperazin‐1‐yl]‐9
H
‐purine Derivatives as Antimycobacterial and Antifungal Agents:
In Vitro
Evaluation and
In Silico
Study. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000053. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahesh S. Najare
- Department of ChemistryKarnatak University Dharwad 580003 Karnataka India
| | | | - Shivaraj Mantur
- Department of ChemistryKarnatak University Dharwad 580003 Karnataka India
| | | | - Supreet Gaonkar
- Department of ChemistryKarnatak University Dharwad 580003 Karnataka India
| | - Shrinivas Joshi
- Novel Drug Design and Discovery LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmaceutical ChemistryS.E.T.'s College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar Dharwad 580002 Karnataka India
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Kowalska A, Pluta K, Latocha M. Synthesis and anticancer activity of multisubstituted purines and xanthines with one or two propynylthio and aminobutynylthio groups. Med Chem Res 2018; 27:1384-1395. [PMID: 29706750 PMCID: PMC5904222 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of new 2,6-disubstituted and 2,6,8-trisubstituted 7-methylpurines as well as 8-substituted 3,7-dimethylxanthines containing a triple bond chain have been worked out. Purinethiones and xanthinethiones were converted into propynylthio derivatives, which were then further transformed via a Mannich reaction into aminobutynylthio derivatives (amine = pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, and diethylamine). The products thus obtained represent various types of the purine and xanthine structure: 8-mono-, 2,6- and 6,8-dipropynylthio, 6- and 8-monoaminobutynylthio, 2,6- and 6,8-diaminobutynylthio derivatives. All of these compounds were tested for their anticancer activity against human glioblastoma SNB-19, human adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231, and melanoma C-32 cell lines. The anticancer activity depends on the nature of the substituent and its localization in the purine and xanthine framework. Generally, compounds possessing two alkynylthio groups (propynylthio or aminobutynylthio) were more active than those possessing only one group. Some compounds exhibited stronger or similar anticancer activity to cisplatin. All compounds were also tested for their cytotoxic activity against normal human fibroblasts (HFF-1). The most promising anticancer compounds were found to be 2,6-dipropynylthio-7-methylpurine 4, 2-chloro-6,8-dipropynylthio-7-methylpurine 14, and 2-chloro-6,8-di(N-morpholinylbutynylthio)-7-methylpurine 15c acting selectively on glioblastoma SNB-19, melanoma C-32, and adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 with the IC50 = 0.07-4.08 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kowalska
- 1Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Krystian Pluta
- 1Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Latocha
- 2Department of Cell Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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5
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Sinha I, Hepp A, Schirmer B, Kösters J, Neugebauer J, Müller J. Regioselectivity of the C-metalation of 6-furylpurine: importance of directing effects. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:4183-5. [PMID: 25901643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the C-metalation of 6-furylpurine with Pt(2+), Pd(2+), and Hg(2+). The ligand binds the metal ions in a bidentate fashion, involving the N7 purine atom and one of the furyl carbon atoms. The regioselectivity is determined by the metal ion. Pt(2+) and Pd(2+) coordinate the furyl moiety in its β position and Hg(2+) in its electronically preferred α position.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Birgitta Schirmer
- §Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Neugebauer
- §Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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6
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Kowalska A, Latocha M, Pluta K. Synthesis and anticancer activity of thiosubstituted purines. Med Chem Res 2015; 24:3107-3116. [PMID: 26167104 PMCID: PMC4491105 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New thiopurines with the propargylthio, pyrrolidinobutynylthio, sulfenamide, and sulfonamide groups in the pyrimidine ring were synthesized. The anticancer activity of these compounds and previously obtained 2- or 6-substituted azathioprine analogs and dialkylaminoalkylthiopurines were tested in vitro against three cell lines: glioblastoma SNB-19, melanoma C-32, and human ductal breast epithelial tumor T47D. 2-Chloro-7-methyl-6-pyrrolidinobutynylthiopurine (5b) was the most potent compound against SBN-19 and C-32 cell lines with the activity similar to cisplatin (EC50 = 5.00 and 7.58 μg/ml, respectively). The dialkylaminoalkylthio derivatives (4b, 4c, 4e, and 4f) showed good activity against SBN-19 cell line (EC50 < 10 μg/ml). The azathioprine analogs (2a, 2b, and 3a) were more active than azathioprine against SBN-19 and C-32 cell lines. The sulfenamide and sulfonamide derivatives of purine were very weak active against tested cell lines. All studied thiopurines were less toxic than cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kowalska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Latocha
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Krystian Pluta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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7
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Křováček M, Dvořák D. Synthesis of Potentially Biologically Active 6-(1,3-Butadiynyl)purines. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Křováček
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague; Technická 5 2166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - D. Dvořák
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague; Technická 5 2166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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8
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Cho JH, Shaughnessy KH. Aqueous‐Phase Sonogashira Alkynylation to Synthesize 5‐Substituted Pyrimidine and 8‐Substituted Purine Nucleosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; Chapter 1:Unit1.27. [DOI: 10.1002/0471142700.nc0127s49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hyung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama
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Shi C, Aldrich CC. Efficient Pd-catalyzed coupling of tautomerizable heterocycles with terminal alkynes via C-OH bond activation using PyBrOP. Org Lett 2010; 12:2286-9. [PMID: 20411949 DOI: 10.1021/ol100657n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The direct alkynylation of tautomerizable heterocylcles is described via a two-step process involving in situ C-OH activation with bromotripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBrOP) followed by Sonogashira coupling with a wide range of alkyl or aryl terminal alkynes using a copper-free system employing PdCl(2)(CH(3)CN)(2) and 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Shi
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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10
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Gamadeku T, Gundersen LL. Synthesis of 8-Bromo-N-benzylpurines via 8-Lithiated Purines: Scope and Limitations. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903318708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kotora M, Hocek M, Turek P, Pohl R, Klepetářová B, Votruba I, Opekar S. [2+2+2]-Cocyclotrimerization of 6-Alkynyl-7-benzylpurines with α,ω-Diynes. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/com-10-s(e)56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Rosén J, Rickardson L, Backlund A, Gullbo J, Bohlin L, Larsson R, Gottfries J. ChemGPS-NP Mapping of Chemical Compounds for Prediction of Anticancer Mode of Action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200810162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Turek P, Hocek M, Pohl R, Klepetářová B, Kotora M. Cobalt‐Induced Synthesis of 6‐(Pyridin‐2‐yl)purines by Microwave‐Enhanced [2+2+2] Cyclotrimerization. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liu J, Robins MJ. S(N)Ar displacements with 6-(fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, and alkylsulfonyl)purine nucleosides: synthesis, kinetics, and mechanism1. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:5962-8. [PMID: 17439120 DOI: 10.1021/ja070021u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
SNAr reactions with 6-(fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, and alkylsulfonyl)purine nucleosides and nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur nucleophiles were studied. Pseudo-first-order kinetics were measured with 6-halopurine compounds, and comparative reactivities were determined versus a 6-(alkylsulfonyl)purine nucleoside. The displacement reactivity order was: F > Br > Cl > I (with BuNH2/MeCN), F > Cl approximately Br > I (with MeOH/1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)/MeCN), and F > Br > I > Cl [with K+ -SCOCH3/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)]. The order of reactivity with a weakly basic arylamine (aniline) was: I > Br > Cl > F (with 5 equiv of aniline in MeCN at 70 degrees C). However, those reactions with aniline were autocatalytic and had significant induction periods ( approximately 50 min for the iodo compound and approximately 6 h for the fluoro analogue). Addition of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) eliminated the induction period, and the order then was F > I > Br > Cl (with 5 equiv of aniline and 2 equiv of TFA in MeCN at 50 degrees C). The 6-(alkylsulfonyl)purine nucleoside analogue was more reactive than the 6-fluoropurine compound with both MeOH/DBU/MeCN and iPentSH/DBU/MeCN and was more reactive than the Cl, Br, and I compounds with BuNH2 and aniline/TFA. Titration of the 6-halopurine nucleosides in CDCl3 with TFA showed progressive downfield 1H NMR chemical shifts for H8 (larger) and H2 (smaller). The major site of protonation as N7 for both the 6-fluoro and 6-bromo analogues was confirmed by large upfield shifts ( approximately 16 ppm) of the 15N NMR signal for N7 upon addition of TFA (1.6 equiv). Mechanistic considerations and resolution of prior conflicting results are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangqiong Liu
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-5700, USA
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Guthmann H, Könemann M, Bach T. Synthesis of a Cyclic Tetrameric Purine by Successive Cross-Coupling Reactions and Subsequent Pd-Catalyzed Cyclization. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Tobrman T, Dvořák D. Reductive Dimerization of 2- and 6-Iodopurines: Side Reaction in Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Iodopurines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20071365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of a Pd catalyst and a base, 6- and 2-iodopurine derivatives undergo reductive C-C dimerization with the formation of the corresponding 6,6'- or 2,2'-dimers. The best results of the dimerization were obtained in the presence of i-Pr2NEt as a base in DMF. Phosphine-free catalysts as well as catalysts containing phosphines can be used. In the presence of catalytic systems containing PPh3 the dimerization does not proceed. This dimerization may become an important side reaction in the Stille or the Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of iodopurines.
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Turek P, Novák P, Pohl R, Hocek M, Kotora M. Preparation of Highly Substituted 6-Arylpurine Ribonucleosides by Ni-Catalyzed Cyclotrimerization. Scope of the Reaction. J Org Chem 2006; 71:8978-81. [PMID: 17081036 DOI: 10.1021/jo061485y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal complex catalyzed cocyclotrimerization of protected alkynylpurine ribonucleosides 1 with various diynes 2 gave rise to a series of 6-arylpurine nucleosides 3 that were further deprotected to free nucleosides 4. Generally, the best yields of cyclotrimerizations were obtained with a catalytic system Ni(cod)2/2PPh(3). On the other hand, CoBr(PPh(3))3 proved to be a superior catalyst for cyclotrimerization of 1 with dipropargyl ether 2g. In addition, Ni catalysis is also suitable for direct cyclotrimerization of unprotected alkynylpurine ribonucleosides 5 to the corresponding 6-arylpurinylribosides 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Turek
- Department of Organic and Nuclear Chemistry and Centre for New Antivirals and Antineoplastics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
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Berg TC, Bakken V, Gundersen LL, Petersen D. Cyclization and rearrangement products from coupling reactions between terminal o-alkynylphenols or o-ethynyl(hydroxymethyl)benzene and 6-halopurines. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Lloyd DG, Golfis G, Knox AJS, Fayne D, Meegan MJ, Oprea TI. Oncology exploration: charting cancer medicinal chemistry space. Drug Discov Today 2006; 11:149-59. [PMID: 16533713 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(05)03688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Approaches for the experimental determination of protein-ligand molecular interactions are reliant on the quality of the compounds being tested. The application of large, randomly designed combinatorial libraries has given way to the creation of more-focused 'drug-like' libraries. Prior to synthesis, we wish to screen the potential compounds to remove undesired chemical moieties and to be within a required range of physiochemical properties. We have used a principal-component analysis (PCA) computational approach to analyze the 3D descriptor space of active and non-active (hit-like) cancer medicinal chemistry compounds. We define hit-like those molecules passing the unmodified OpenEye FILTER program. Our analysis indicates that these compounds occupy quite different regions in space. Cancer-active compounds exist in a much greater volume of space than generic hit-like space and most of them fail the commonly applied filters for orally bioavailable drugs. This is of great significance when designing orally bioavailable cancer target drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Lloyd
- Molecular Design Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Berg TC, Gundersen LL, Eriksen AB, Malterud KE. Synthesis of Optically Active 6-Alkynyl- and 6-Alkylpurines as Cytokinin Analogs and Inhibitors of 15-Lipoxygenase; Studies of Intramolecular Cyclization of 6-(Hydroxyalkyn-1-yl)purines. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Braendvang M, Gundersen LL. Selective anti-tubercular purines: Synthesis and chemotherapeutic properties of 6-aryl- and 6-heteroaryl-9-benzylpurines. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:6360-73. [PMID: 16081292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 06/24/2005] [Accepted: 06/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
6-Aryl- and 6-heteroaryl-9-benzylpurines have been synthesized employing palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions in the step forming the C-C or C-N bond between the aryl- or heteroaryl and the purine. The compounds were screened for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as representative Gram+ and Gram- bacteria, and for cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells. Several potent antimycobacterials were identified. These compounds probably act by a novel and selective mechanism; they exhibit low toxicity toward other bacteria as well as mammalian cells.
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Bråthe A, Gundersen LL, Malterud KE, Rise F. 6-Substituted Purines as Inhibitors of 15-Lipoxygenase; a Structure-Activity Study. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2005; 338:159-66. [PMID: 15864785 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200400951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) has been implicated in oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), a process believed to be important for the development of atherosclerosis, as well as other pathogenic conditions. Potent and selective inhibitors of 15-LO may have a drug potential. In this study, purines with a variety of substituents have been examined as inhibitors of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) from soybeans. Several 6-substitued purines where the purine ring and a phenyl ring in the substituent were separated by a "spacer" were synthesized and their ability to inhibit the enzyme was explored. Sepa ration of the purine and the phenyl rings with none, one or two sp3-carbons resulted in essentially inactive compounds, trans-styrylpurines and phenylethynylpurines, on the other hand, they exhibited activity close to the well-known 15-LO inhibitor quercetin. High activity was also found when the "spacer" was a trans-cyclopropyl ring. The shape of the spacer was important; a corresponding cis-cyclopropylpurine exhibited much less affinity for the enzyme. Only minor differences in inhibitory activity against 15-LO were found regardless of whether an N-substituent was situated on N-9 or N-7, even when the N-substituent was relatively large. Also, a variety of substituents in the purine 2- and 8-position were well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Bråthe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Schröter S, Stock C, Bach T. Regioselective cross-coupling reactions of multiple halogenated nitrogen-, oxygen-, and sulfur-containing heterocycles. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Liu J, Janeba Z, Robins MJ. SNAr Iodination of 6-Chloropurine Nucleosides: Aromatic Finkelstein Reactions at Temperatures Below −40 °C1. Org Lett 2004; 6:2917-9. [PMID: 15330647 DOI: 10.1021/ol048987n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mesitoyl or toluoyl esters of inosine and 2'-deoxyinosine were deoxychlorinated at C6 to give the crystalline 6-chloropurine nucleoside derivatives, which underwent quantitative conversion to the 6-iodo analogues with NaI/TFA/butanone at -50 to -40 degrees C. The 6-iodo compounds were efficient substrates for SNAr, Sonogashira, and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions, in contrast with the 6-chloro analogues, and gave good to high yields of C-N and C-C coupled products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangqiong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-5700, USA
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Syntheses of 4-(1-alkynyl)-2(5H)-furanones and coumarins via the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of potassium alkynyltrifluoroborates. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.04.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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