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He Q, Chen B, Zheng H, Cao Y, Hua M, Yin Y, Peng J, Li J, Chen J, Yan F, Song X, Lin L. Complete genome sequence of Paris polyphylla chlorotic mottle virus infecting Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis in southwest China. Arch Virol 2023; 168:292. [PMID: 37966521 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel virus infecting a Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis plant, tentatively named "Paris polyphylla chlorotic mottle virus" (PpCMV), was discovered in the city of Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China. Its genome consists of 6384 nucleotides (nt), excluding the 3'-terminal poly(A) tail, and contains two open reading frames: ORF1 and ORF2. ORF1 is 6150 nt in length, encoding a large 2050-aa polyprotein with at least two conserved regions encoding a replication-associated protein and a coat protein, the latter of which is located at the 3' end of ORF1. ORF2, consisting of 1185 nt, is located within ORF1 but has a different reading frame. It encodes a 394-aa-long putative movement protein. Phylogenetic analysis based on amino acid sequences revealed that the newly discovered virus exhibited the closest relationship to Hobart betaflexivirus 1 and rhodiola betaflexivirus 1, both of which belong to the genus Capillovirus, sharing 48.8% and 36.5% amino acid sequence identity, respectively, in the structural protein. This is the first report of the complete genome sequence of PpCMV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongji He
- Institute of Alpine Economics and Botany, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan, China
| | - Binghua Chen
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuhao Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Mengyin Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yueyan Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Junmin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Xuemei Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Khakurel D, Uprety Y, Ahn G, Cha JY, Kim WY, Lee SH, Rajbhandary S. Diversity, distribution, and sustainability of traditional medicinal plants in Kaski district, western Nepal. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1076351. [PMID: 36605393 PMCID: PMC9807671 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1076351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are the primary source of traditional healthcare systems in many rural areas mostly in developing countries. This study aimed to document and analyze the diversity, distribution, and sustainability of the traditional medicinal plants used by the Gurung people of the Sikles region in western Nepal. Ethnobotanical data were collected through focus group discussions and individual interviews, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Prior informed consent was obtained before each interview. Quantitative ethnobotanical indices such as informant consensus factor, relative frequency of citation, and use values were also calculated. A possible association among these indices was tested using correlation analysis. A total of 115 wild medicinal plant species belonging to 106 genera and 71 families were documented. Asteraceae and Rosaceae were the dominant families whereas herbs were the most dominant life form. Roots were the most used plant part, paste was the most common method of preparation, and most of the medical formulations were taken orally. The highest number of medicinal plants were used to treat stomach disorders. The average informant consensus value of 0.79 indicates a high consensus among respondents in selecting medicinal plants. Lindera neesiana, Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora, Paris polyphylla, and Bergenia ciliata were found to be high-ranking medicinal plants based on the relative frequency of citation and use value. The genders did not affect medicinal plants' knowledge but age had a significant correlation. Most of the informants agreed that medicinal plants are under pressure due to overharvesting and a lack of proper forest management practices. The number of medicinal plants reported from the study area indicates that the Gurung people possess rich traditional knowledge, and the vegetation of the Sikles region constitutes rich diversity of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba Khakurel
- Department of Biology, Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea,Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Yadav Uprety
- Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal,*Correspondence: Yadav Uprety, ; Woe-Yeon Kim, ; Sung-Ho Lee,
| | - Gyeongik Ahn
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Joon-Yung Cha
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea,*Correspondence: Yadav Uprety, ; Woe-Yeon Kim, ; Sung-Ho Lee,
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea,Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea,*Correspondence: Yadav Uprety, ; Woe-Yeon Kim, ; Sung-Ho Lee,
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Lan PX, He P, Yang J, Zhou GH, Chen XJ, Wei TY, Li CR, Gu R, Li R, Li F. High-throughput sequencing reveals the presence of novel and known viruses in diseased Paris yunnanensis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1045750. [PMID: 36590431 PMCID: PMC9795479 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1045750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Paris spp. are important medicinal plant and main raw material for many Chinese patent medicines, but viral diseases have became serious problems in cultivation of this group of important medicinal plants in China. In this study, eight viruses were identified in the diseased plants of Paris yunnanensis by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and RT-PCR. These viruses include three novel viruses (two potyviruses and one nepovirus), Hippeastrum chlorotic ringspot virus (HCRV), Lychnis mottle virus (LycMoV), Paris mosaic necrosis virus (PMNV), Paris virus 1 and pepper mild mottle virus. The three new viruses were tentatively named Paris potyvirus 3 (ParPV-3), Paris potyvirus 4 (ParPV-4), Paris nepovirus 1 (ParNV-1) and their complete genome sequences were determined. Sequence analyses showed ParPV-3 and ParPV-4 shared the highest amino acid (aa) sequence identities of 54.3% to each other and 53.0-57.8% to other known potyviruses. ParNV-1 had aa sequence identities of 28.8-63.7% at protease-polymerase (Pro-Pol) with other nepoviruses. Phylogenetic analyses further support that the three viruses are new members of their corresponding genera. Analyses of the partial sequences of HCRV and LycMoV infecting P. yunnanensis revealed they diverged from existing isolates by aa sequence identities of 97.1% at glycoprotein precursor of HCRV and 93.3% at polyprotein of LycMoV. These two viruses are reported for the first time in Paris spp. A total of 123 field samples collected from P. yunnanensis in four counties of Yunnan, Southwest China were tested by RT-PCR for detecting each of the eight viruses. Results showed that nearly half of the samples were positive for at least one of the eight viruses. Two potyviruses, ParPV-3 (26.8%) and PMNV (24.4%), were predominant and widely distributed in the fields, while other viruses occurred in low rates and/or had limited distribution. This study insights into the virome infecting P. yunnanensis and provides valuable information for diagnosis and control of viral diseases in P. yunnanensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-xiu Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Guo-hua Zhou
- Yunnan Baiyao Group, Chinese Medicine Resources Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Tai-yun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chen-rong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruhui Li
- USDA-ARS, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Ruhui Li,
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,Fan Li,
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Valencia-Mejía E, León-Wilchez YY, Monribot-Villanueva JL, Ramírez-Vázquez M, Bonilla-Landa I, Guerrero-Analco JA. Isolation and Identification of Pennogenin Tetraglycoside from Cestrum nocturnum (Solanaceae) and Its Antifungal Activity against Fusarium kuroshium, Causal Agent of Fusarium Dieback. Molecules 2022; 27:1860. [PMID: 35335224 PMCID: PMC8951829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antifungal assay-guided fractionation of the methanolic crude extract of Cestrum nocturnum (Solanaceae), popular known as 'lady of the night', led the isolation and identification of the steroidal saponin named pennogenin tetraglycoside, which was identified for the first time in this plant species by spectroscopic means. The crude extract, fractions and pennogenin tetraglycoside exhibited mycelial growth inhibition of Fusarium solani and F. kuroshium. F. solani is a cosmopolitan fungal phytopathogen that affects several economically important crops. However, we highlight the antifungal activity displayed by pennogenin tetraglycoside against F. kuroshium, since it is the first plant natural product identified as active for this phytopathogen. This fungus along with its insect symbiont known as Kuroshio shot hole borer (Euwallacea kuroshio) are the causal agents of the plant disease Fusarium dieback that affects more than 300 plant species including avocado (Persea americana) among others of ecological relevance. Scanning electron microscopy showed morphological alterations of the fungal hyphae after exposure with the active fractions and 12 phenolic compounds were also identified by mass spectrometry dereplication as part of potential active molecules present in C. nocturnum leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Valencia-Mejía
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL)—Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec N. 351, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (E.V.-M.); (Y.Y.L.-W.); (J.L.M.-V.)
| | - Yeli Y. León-Wilchez
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL)—Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec N. 351, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (E.V.-M.); (Y.Y.L.-W.); (J.L.M.-V.)
| | - Juan L. Monribot-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL)—Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec N. 351, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (E.V.-M.); (Y.Y.L.-W.); (J.L.M.-V.)
| | - Mónica Ramírez-Vázquez
- Unidad de Microscopía Avanzada, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL)—Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec N. 351, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico;
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Exterior, Cd. Universitaria, Copilco, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Israel Bonilla-Landa
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL)—Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec N. 351, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico;
| | - José A. Guerrero-Analco
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL)—Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec N. 351, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (E.V.-M.); (Y.Y.L.-W.); (J.L.M.-V.)
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Yan H, Ni W, Yu LL, Xiao LG, Ji YH, Liu HY. Parisvaniosides A-E, five new steroidal saponins from Paris vaniotii. Steroids 2022; 177:108949. [PMID: 34896125 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The species of Paris genus is a prolific source of structurally diverse steroidal saponins responsible for multivarious biological properties. The first phytochemical investigation on the steroidal saponin constituents from the rhizomes of Paris vaniotii Lévl. led to the discovery and structural characterization of four new spirostanol saponins, named parisvaniosides A-D (1-4), and one new furostanol glycoside, named parisvanioside E (5), along with eleven known analogues (6-16). Their structures were unambiguously established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the reported spectroscopic data. Compound 1 is a rare spirostanol saponin sharing with a C-9/C-11 double bond and a peroxy group located between C-5 and C-8 of the aglycone, whereas 3 and 4 are unusual C-27 steroidal sapoins with hydroxyl/methoxyl at both C-5 and C-6. Furthermore, 5 is the first furostanol saponin with a unique aglycone featuring two trisubstituted double bonds in ring B. All isolated saponins were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production model in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ling-Ling Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Long-Gao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yun-Heng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
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Ma B, Wang Y, Bao Y, Wang M, Hou M. Saponins from the rhizomes of Polygonatum nodosum Hua and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang J, Li D, Ni W, Qin XJ, Liu H, Yu LL, Qiao X, Ji YH, He L, Nian SH, Liu HY. Molecular networking uncovers steroidal saponins of Paris tengchongensis. Fitoterapia 2020; 145:104629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Benvenutti RC, Dalla Vecchia CA, Locateli G, Serpa PZ, Lutinski JA, Rodrigues Junior SA, Corralo V, Gutiérrez MV, Vilegas W, Somensi LB, Longo B, Knihs JF, Mota da Silva L, de Andrade SF, Roman Junior WA. Gastroprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Urera baccifera in rodents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112473. [PMID: 31836518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE The species Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich. ex Wedd. (Urticaceae) is native to the Americas and is distributed widely throughout Brazil, where it is known as urtiga-brava, urtiga-vermelha, or urtigão. The leaves are often used as anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic agents and for the treatment of gastric disorders. However, the pharmacological mode of action underlying the gastroprotection induced by this species has not been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY To contribute to the knowledge of the gastroprotective mode of action of the hydroalcoholic extract of U. baccifera (HEU) leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antiulcerogenic effect of HEU against ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer was evaluated in rats and mice at doses of 3-300 mg/kg. NO-synthase inhibitor (L-NAME), SH blocker (NEM), cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin) and alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine were used to evaluate the participation of cytoprotective factors in HEU gastroprotection. Moreover, the levels of reduced gluthatione (GSH) and cytokines (TNF, IL-6, IL4 and IL-10), as well as the enzymatic activity of gluthatione S-transferase (GST), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measure. Moreover, the samples were analyzed histologically and the antisecretory capability of HEU were quantified using pylorus ligated rats. RESULTS The phytochemical analysis of HEU (UPLC/ESI-IT-MS) identified the flavonoids diosmetin and apigenin glucuronide. Furthermore, HEU decreased the occurrence of ethanol-induced ulcers at 30 and 300 mg/kg by 57% and 66%, respectively, compared with the vehicle. The gastroprotective effects were accompanied by increased GSH levels and GST and SOD activity as well as by reduced MPO activity in vivo and in vitro, revealing antioxidant effects and inhibition of neutrophil infiltration. The beneficial effects of 30 and 300 mg/kg HEU were also observed upon histological analyses. Regarding the mode of action, the gastroprotective effect of HEU was abolished by the pre-administration of L-NAME, NEM, indomethacin or yohimbine. Moreover, HEU was able to decrease the IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 in ulcerated tissue, as well as the pepsin activity of the gastric juice in pylorus-ligated rats. CONCLUSION Together, the results confirmed that the gastroprotection elicited by HEU was due reduction in oxidative damage, neutrophil migration, and peptic activity. This work validates the popular use of U. baccifera to treat gastric disorders and supports important future research for the identification of gastroprotective molecules from this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Carlos Benvenutti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Cristian Alex Dalla Vecchia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Gelvani Locateli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Zanotelli Serpa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Junir Antonio Lutinski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Corralo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Max Vidal Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, CEP 70770-901, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, CEP 70770-901, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Lincon Bordignon Somensi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, CEP 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruna Longo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, CEP 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Jessica Ferreira Knihs
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, CEP 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Luisa Mota da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, CEP 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Faloni de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, CEP 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Walter Antônio Roman Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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Yin Y, Gao L, Zhang X, Gao W. A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase responsible for the C-22 hydroxylation step in the Paris polyphylla steroidal saponin biosynthesis pathway. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 156:116-123. [PMID: 30268044 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyphyllins are the major steroidal saponin components of Paris polyphylla, the main source plant of the common Chinese herbal medicine Paridis Rhizoma with strong pharmacological activity and extremely high economic value and great market prospects. However, the production of polyphyllins in plants is limited, and their biosynthesis pathway has not been reported. The downstream hydroxylation step was particularly unclear. To clarify the enzymes and intermediates involved in the downstream steps of polyphyllin biosynthesis, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis and discovered a cytochrome P450 gene that encodes a protein with monooxygenase activity. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrated that it encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol. The relative gene expression measured by RT-PCR and polyphyllin contents measured by HPLC in P. polyphylla roots at different ages confirmed that this gene is involved in polyphyllin biosynthesis. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on the cloning of a CYP450 enzyme gene from the steroidal saponin pathway of higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Linhui Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Breeding Base Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Xianan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
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10
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Qin XJ, Ni W, Chen CX, Liu HY. Seeing the light: Shifting from wild rhizomes to extraction of active ingredients from above-ground parts of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:134-139. [PMID: 29792919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as hemostatic, antitumor, and antimicrobial agents. More than 70 Chinese patent medicines are based on P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizomes. Steroidal saponins are considered as the main active ingredients of these rhizomes. However, wild populations of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis are greatly threatened due to the illegal wild harvest and over-utilization of the rhizomes. In contrast, the renewable above-ground parts (leaves and stems) of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis are usually thrown away as waste material, whether from wild or cultivated material. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to use HPLC analyses of chemical constituents and bioactive assays to assess whether the above-ground parts could be an alternative source of active ingredients to the rhizomes of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The saponin components of the rhizomes and above-ground parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were analyzed by HPLC-UV. The total saponins extracted from the rhizomes and above-ground parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were evaluated for their hemostatic, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities by using the rabbit blood in vitro based on turbidimetric method, MTT assay method, and a dilution antimicrobial susceptibility test method, respectively. RESULTS Four bioactive spirostanol saponins (paris saponins I, II, VI, and VII) were detected in the total saponins from the rhizomes and above-ground parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, which indicated they should have similar pharmacological properties. The bioactive assays revealed that both the parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis exhibited the same hemostatic, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial effects. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that based on saponin content in the above-ground parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and the requirements stipulated in 2015 of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the above-ground parts (especially its leaves) can be an alternative and more sustainable source of active ingredients compared to the rhizomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Zou X, Huang W. TTB2 induces apoptosis in Ewing sarcoma cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1021-1025. [PMID: 30116354 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A steroidal saponin named pennogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2) [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucoyranoside(TTB2) has been successfully separated from the n-BuOH extracts of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim and is able to induce cytotoxicity to some types cancer cells. The present study aimed to investigate how this novel saponinin duces cytotoxicity in malignant sarcoma cells and to clarify its molecular mechanisms of action. It was determined this steroidal saponin induced the apoptosis in Rh1 cells and activated caspase-3 and caspase-9. Additionally, it disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential and altered the expression of bax and bcl-2. Thus, the results of present study identified that an anticancer saponin isolated from Trillium tschonoskii Maxim may be developed as a potential novel therapeutic strategy to treat certain types of cancer, including lung cancer and lung sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
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12
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Wang P, Hao J, Zhang X, Wang C, Guan H, Li M. Synthesis of furostanol glycosides: discovery of a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:9362-9374. [PMID: 27714262 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01766e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A convenient approach to the synthesis of furostanol glycosides has been developed with the features of both highly efficient incorporation of a 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl unit and ready formation of hemiketal ring E. The total syntheses of seven furostanol saponins including funlioside B, lilioglycoside, protobioside I, protodioscin, pallidifloside I, coreajaponins A and parisaponin I are efficiently achieved using an easily available 16β-acetoxy-22-oxo-26-hydroxy-cholestanic derivative as a powerful building block. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the synthesized saponins is also evaluated, which reveals that funlioside B is a highly potential lead for developing α-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Huashi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
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13
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14
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Pereira GM, Ribeiro MG, da Silva BP, Parente JP. Structural characterization of a new steroidal saponin from Agave angustifolia var. Marginata and a preliminary investigation of its in vivo antiulcerogenic activity and in vitro membrane permeability property. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4345-4349. [PMID: 28827111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new furostane steroidal saponin was isolated from the leaves of Agave angustifolia var. marginata. On the basis of chemical conversions and spectroscopic analyses, its structure was established as 3-[O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-O]-[O-6-deoxy-α-l-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-(3β,5α,22α,25R)-26-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-22-methoxy-furostane (1). Results of preliminary biological investigations indicated that compound 1 showed significant protective effects against induced gastric ulcers using in vivo experimental models and demonstrated negligible toxicity on membrane integrity in the in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Moysés Pereira
- Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68045, CEP 21941-971 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcela Gonçalves Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68045, CEP 21941-971 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bernadete Pereira da Silva
- Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68045, CEP 21941-971 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Paz Parente
- Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68045, CEP 21941-971 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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15
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Clinical investigations on gastroprotective effects of ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus emblica Linn fruits. J Herb Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Yang YG, Zhang J, Zhao YL, Zhang JY, Wang YZ. Quantitative determination and evaluation of Paris polyphylla
var. yunnanensis
with different harvesting times using UPLC-UV-MS and FT-IR spectroscopy in combination with partial least squares discriminant analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Gui Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Kunming China
- Institute of Medicinal Plants; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Kunming China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica; Kunming China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Kunming China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica; Kunming China
| | - Yan-Li Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plants; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Kunming China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica; Kunming China
| | - Jin-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Kunming China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica; Kunming China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Kunming China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica; Kunming China
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17
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Li XZ, Ruan BH, Yang YB, Yang XQ, Chen GY, Hu M, Wang BY, Zhou H, Ding ZT. Metabolites from Penicillium sp. Associated with Paris polyphylla. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One new gentisyl alcohol derivative and seven known compounds were isolated from the culture of Penicillium sp. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1, 4, and 6 inhibited Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli with MICs of 32–128 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhan Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Hui Ruan
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Bin Yang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qiong Yang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Yi Chen
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Hu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Yan Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhou
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
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18
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang G, Han L, Xia T, Liu Z, Man S, Gao W, Liu C. Effects of Rhizoma Parisdis total saponins and its main compounds on gastric emptying via regulating muscarinic receptors in vitro and in vivo. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03898d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the inhibitory effect of Rhizoma Parisdis total Saponins (RPS) and the main monomer compounds (polyphyllin I, II, VI and H) on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motilityin vitroandin vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Yuanxue Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Genbei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Liying Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Ting Xia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300193
- China
| | - Shuli Man
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300193
- China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- The State Key Laboratories of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
- Tianjin
- China
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19
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Yang Y, Zhang J, Jin H, Zhang J, Wang Y. Quantitative Analysis in Combination with Fingerprint Technology and Chemometric Analysis Applied for Evaluating Six Species of Wild Paris Using UHPLC-UV-MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:3182796. [PMID: 28097038 PMCID: PMC5209620 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3182796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A fast method was developed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) for simultaneous determination of polyphyllin I and polyphyllin II. Chemometric analyses including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) based on UHPLC chromatography were used to evaluate 38 batches from six species of Paris. Variable importance of projection was applied to select important peaks. Meanwhile, similarity analysis of UHPLC fingerprint was used to evaluate the sample of Paris polyphylla yunnanensis (PPY) and P. axialis (PA). The results indicated that the total content of saponins in PPY and PA collected from Baoshan City of Yunnan Province above 8.07 mg/g was stronger than that from other areas of the rest of species. PLS-DA showed better performance than PCA with regard to classifying the samples. Retention time during 20-27 minutes of UHPLC was screened as significant peak for distinguishing Paris of different species and original geography. All of PPY and PA with similarity value were more than 0.80. It indicated that quantitative analysis combined with chemometric and similarity analyses could evaluate the different species of Paris effectively and comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangui Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Hang Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming 650200, China
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20
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Sun Y, Wu J, Sun X, Huang X, Li L, Liu Q, Song S. Steroids from the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides and their cytotoxic activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3081-3085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Liu T, Li X, Xie S, Wang L, Yang S. RNA-seq analysis of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis roots identified candidate genes for saponin synthesis. PLANT DIVERSITY 2016; 38:163-170. [PMID: 30159461 PMCID: PMC6112097 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz. is a rhizomatous, herbaceous, perennial plant that has been used for more than a thousand years in traditional Chinese medicine. It is facing extinction due to overharvesting. Steroids are the major therapeutic components in Paris roots, the commercial value of which increases with age. To date, no genomic data on the species have been available. In this study, transcriptome analysis of an 8-year-old root and a 4-year-old root provided insight into the metabolic pathways that generate the steroids. Using Illumina sequencing technology, we generated a high-quality sequence and demonstrated de novo assembly and annotation of genes in the absence of prior genome information. Approximately 87,577 unique sequences, with an average length of 614 bases, were obtained from the root cells. Using bioinformatics methods, we annotated approximately 65.51% of the unique sequences by conducting a similarity search with known genes in the National Center for Biotechnology Information's non-redundant database. The unique transcripts were functionally classified using the Gene Ontology hierarchy and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Of 3082 genes that were identified as significantly differentially expressed between roots of different ages, 1518 (49.25%) were upregulated and 1564 (50.75%) were downregulated in the older root. Metabolic pathway analysis predicted that 25 unigenes were responsible for the biosynthesis of the saponins steroids. These data represent a valuable resource for future genomic studies on this endangered species and will be valuable for efforts to genetically engineer P. polyphylla and facilitate saponin-rich plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Yunnan Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice for Dominant Chinese Medicinal Materials, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xiaoxian Li
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shiqing Xie
- Yunnan Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice for Dominant Chinese Medicinal Materials, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Yunnan Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice for Dominant Chinese Medicinal Materials, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shengchao Yang
- Yunnan Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice for Dominant Chinese Medicinal Materials, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
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22
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Liu Y, Tian X, Hua D, Cheng G, Wang K, Zhang L, Tang H, Wang M. New steroidal saponins from the rhizomes of Paris delavayi and their cytotoxicity. Fitoterapia 2016; 111:130-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Qin XJ, Yu MY, Ni W, Yan H, Chen CX, Cheng YC, He L, Liu HY. Steroidal saponins from stems and leaves of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 121:20-9. [PMID: 26546502 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the stems and leaves of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis led to isolation of 12 steroidal saponins, chonglouosides SL-9-SL-20, which had not been described previously, along with 13 known compounds. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Four of the twelve steroidal saponins possessed three steroidal aglycones which have not been reported in nature. Steroidal saponins were also evaluated for their cytotoxicities against two human cancer cell lines (HepG2 and HEK293) and anti-HCV effects. One known steroidal saponin was the most cytotoxic compound overall with IC50 values of 2.9 ± 0.5 μM and 5.0 ± 0.6 μM against HepG2 and HEK293 cell lines, respectively, while none showed anti-HCV activity at a concentration of 20 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mu-Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Huan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chang-Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
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24
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Huang W, Zou K. Cytotoxicity of the saponin TTB2 on Ewing sarcoma cells. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:625-628. [PMID: 26622365 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The steroidal saponin TTB2 can be isolated from the n-BuOH extracts of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. The aim of the present study was to observe whether this saponin exerted any cytotoxic effects on malignant sarcoma cells, and to further investigate the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. The cell viability, cell cycle arrest and phosphorylation of certain important signal molecules in the sarcoma cell line were investigated. It was found that TTB2 inhibited the growth of the Ewing sarcoma cell line and arrested cells in the G2/M and S phases of the cell cycle in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase was inhibited by TTB2. In conclusion, the results showed that the saponin TTB2 isolated from T. tschonoskii Maxim exerts anticancer effects and may be a potential candidate for the development of anticancer drugs for use in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
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25
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Wei JC, Gao WY, Yan XD, Wang Y, Jing SS, Xiao PG. Chemical constituents of plants from the genus Paris. Chem Biodivers 2015; 11:1277-97. [PMID: 25238072 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chao Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China (phone: +86-22-87401895; fax: +86-22-87401895); School of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China
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Wu XH, Wang CZ, Wang SQ, Mi C, He Y, Zhang J, Zhang YW, Anderson S, Yuan CS. Anti-hyperuricemia effects of allopurinol are improved by Smilax riparia, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 162:362-368. [PMID: 25617746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The roots and rhizomes of Smilax riparia are called "Niu-Wei-Cai" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This botanical has been used in treating the symptoms of gout and other hyperuricemic-related conditions in TCM. Allopurinol is a commonly used medication to treat hyperuricemia and its complications. In this study, we evaluated whether Smilax riparia could enhance allopurinol׳s effects by decreasing the serum uric acid level in a hyperuricemic mouse model induced by potassium oxonate. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the effects of allopurinol (5mg/kg) administration alone or in combination with Smilax riparia saponins (SRS, 500 mg/kg) on the serum uric acid (SUA), serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in a hyperuricemic mouse model. The effects of allopurinol alone or those of allopurinol plus SRS on the XOD activities were measured. Western blot analysis was used to measure the levels of mURAT1, mGLUT9 and mOTA1 in the mice. RESULTS Compared with allopurinol alone, the combination of allopurinol and SRS significantly decreased the serum uric acid level and increased the urine uric acid level (both P<0.05), leading to the normalized serum and urine uric acid concentrations. Data on serum and urine creatinine and BUN supported these observations. The attenuation of hyperuricemia-induced renal dysfunction was linked to the inhibition of both serum and hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD), the down-regulation of renal mURAT1 and mGLUT9, and the up-regulation of mOAT1. CONCLUSION The anti-hyperuricemia effects of allopurinol are improved by Smilax riparia co-administration. The results were supported by the measurement of uric acid, creatinine, BUN, XOD, mURAT1, mGLUT9 and mOAT1. Our data may have a potential value in clinical practice in the treatment of gout and other hyperuricemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical, Therapeutics and Diagnostics, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shu-Qing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical, Therapeutics and Diagnostics, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chao Mi
- College of Public Health and Communication, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yi He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical, Therapeutics and Diagnostics, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical, Therapeutics and Diagnostics, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yan-Wen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical, Therapeutics and Diagnostics, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Samantha Anderson
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Zhao P, Jiang H, Su D, Feng J, Ma S, Zhu X. Inhibition of cell proliferation by mild hyperthermia at 43˚C with Paris Saponin I in the lung adenocarcinoma cell line PC-9. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:327-32. [PMID: 25322761 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoma paridis is widely used for cancer therapy due to its potential involvement in the suppression of tumor growth. However, at present there is no clear explanation for the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects of Rhizoma paridis combined with hyperthermia on tumor growth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Paris saponin I (PSI) combined with hyperthermia on a variety of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. An MTT assay was used to determine the levels of growth inhibition. The cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry and cell apoptosis was analyzed with Annexin V/propidium iodide staining and the Hoechst assay. The morphology of cells during apoptosis was determined using a transmission electron microscope. The expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3 proteins were detected using western blotting. The inhibition rates significantly increased with PSI in combination with hyperthermia at 43˚C. PSI with hyperthermia at 43˚C caused G2/M phase arrest and significantly induced apoptosis. The expression level of Bcl-2 decreased, while Bax expression increased following treatment with PSI with hyperthermia at 43˚C. In addition, the protein expression of caspase-3 was significantly enhanced. PSI combined with hyperthermia is a potent antitumor treatment through the inhibition of proliferation of NSCLC cells and may be developed as a new antitumor therapy. PSI combined with hyperthermia significantly induced apoptosis through a multi regulatory process involving G2/M arrest and regulation of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression, resulting in cell death and tumor inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjun Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Oncology Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Department of Oncology Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xinhai Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
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Gajdus J, Kaczyński Z, Kawiak A, Lojkowska E, Stefanowicz-Hajduk J, Ochocka JR, Stepnowski P. Isolation and identification of cytotoxic compounds from the rhizomes of Paris quadrifolia L. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:S324-33. [PMID: 24991111 PMCID: PMC4078345 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.133289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Paris quadrifolia L. is a medicinal plant which contains steroidal saponins. The present study reports isolation and structural identification of six pennogenyl saponins obtained from P. quadrifolia rhizomes. The four spirostan saponins were obtained from P. quadrifolia for the first time. The cytotoxic effects of the sub-fractions and six compounds isolated from the plant extract were evaluated on tumour cells. Materials and Methods: Ethanol extract from the rhizomes of P. quadrifolia were partinioned using column chromatography. The saponins were isolated from the obtained sub-fractions by isocratic RP HPLC and their structures were determined by means of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and MALDI TOF MS. The cytotoxic effects of the sub-fractions and the isolated compounds were tested against human promyelocytic leukaemia cells (HL-60), human cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa) and human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) using the [(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: Six pennogenyl saponins were isolated from P. quadrifolia rhizomes: pennogenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), pennogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), pennogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), pennogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), pennogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), pennogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (6). Pennogenyl saponins 5 and 6 exhibited cytotoxic activity against HL-60, HeLa and MCF-7 tumour cells with IC50 values of 1.0 ± 0.04 μg/ml, 1.8 ± 0.072 μg/ml and 2.4 ± 0.096 μg/ml respectively, and 2.0 ± 0.08 μg/ml, 2.5 ± 0.125 μg/ml and 3.2 ± 0.128 μg/ml respectively. Conclusion: Compounds 1-4 were isolated from this species for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Gajdus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kaczyński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Kawiak
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Lojkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Stefanowicz-Hajduk
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J Renata Ochocka
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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Luitel DR, Rokaya MB, Timsina B, Münzbergová Z. Medicinal plants used by the Tamang community in the Makawanpur district of central Nepal. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2014; 10:5. [PMID: 24410808 PMCID: PMC3904474 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-10-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We can conserve cultural heritage and gain extensive knowledge of plant species with pharmacological potential to cure simple to life-threatening diseases by studying the use of plants in indigenous communities. Therefore, it is important to conduct ethnobotanical studies in indigenous communities and to validate the reported uses of plants by comparing ethnobotanical studies with phytochemical and pharmacological studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted in a Tamang community dwelling in the Makawanpur district of central Nepal. We used semi-structured and structured questionnaires during interviews to collect information. We compared use reports with available phytochemical and pharmacological studies for validation. RESULTS A total of 161 plant species belonging to 86 families and 144 genera to cure 89 human ailments were documented. Although 68 plant species were cited as medicinal in previous studies, 55 different uses described by the Tamang people were not found in any of the compared studies. Traditional uses for 60 plant species were consistent with pharmacological and phytochemical studies. CONCLUSIONS The Tamang people in Makawanpur are rich in ethnopharmacological understanding. The present study highlights important medicinal plant species by validating their traditional uses. Different plant species can improve local economies through proper harvesting, adequate management and development of modern techniques to maximize their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dol Raj Luitel
- Department of Plant Resources Office, Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Maan B Rokaya
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Zamek 1, Průhonice 25243, Czech Republic
- Department of Biodiversity Research, Global Change Research Centre AS ČR, Na sádkách 7, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Binu Timsina
- Department of Biodiversity Research, Global Change Research Centre AS ČR, Na sádkách 7, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
- Institute for Environmental Studies/Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benatska 2, Prague 12801, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Münzbergová
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Zamek 1, Průhonice 25243, Czech Republic
- Institute for Environmental Studies/Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benatska 2, Prague 12801, Czech Republic
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Man S, Fan W, Gao W, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Li H. Anti-fibrosis and anti-cirrhosis effects of Rhizoma paridis saponins on diethylnitrosamine induced rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:407-412. [PMID: 24212073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis as a traditional Chinese medicine has been used in the treatment of liver disease for thousands of years. Rhizoma paridis saponins (RPS), as the main active components of Paris polyphylla, have been used to treat liver injury. Anti-cirrhosis effect of Rhizoma paridis saponins (RPS) has not been known. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced metabonomic changes in multiple biological matrices (plasma and urine) of rats by using (1)H-NMR spectroscopy together with clinical biochemistry assessments, oxidative stress test and DNA fragmentation assay. RESULTS Mechanisms of RPS that participated in the inhibition of the fibrotic process included anti-oxidant, anti-apoptosis, and metabolic disturbance such as decreasing lipid oxidation, regulation of TCA cycle, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolisms in DEN-induced liver tissues. CONCLUSIONS Integrated NMR analysis of serum and urine samples, together with traditional clinical biochemical assays provided a holistic method for elucidating mechanisms of potential anti-fibrotic agent, RPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Man
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongfa Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Shen LQ, Tang Y, Huang SY. Synthesis of 25R-3β-chlorine-furosta-5,20(22)-dien-26-ol. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-0735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Liu Z, Gao W, Man S, Wang J, Li N, Yin S, Wu S, Liu C. Pharmacological evaluation of sedative-hypnotic activity and gastro-intestinal toxicity of Rhizoma Paridis saponins. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:67-72. [PMID: 22960390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhizoma Paridis saponins (RPS) have been well studied for antimicrobial, anti-hemorrhagic, and anticancer effects. However, scientific information on RPS regarding the toxic and neuropharmacological effects is limited. In this study, the acute oral toxicity, sedative-hypnotic activity and gastro-intestinal toxicity of RPS were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The acute toxicity was carried out by administering single doses (800-5000 mg/kg) of RPS to adult mice. Rotarod test and sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis activity were used to evaluate the neuropharmacological effects on mice. Gastric emptying and intestinal transit were used to investigate the gastric-intestinal system effects. RESULTS A single oral administration of RPS dose-dependently caused adverse effects on the general behavior and mortality rate of mice. LD(50) value of oral acute toxicity was 2182.4 mg/kg, with 95% confidence limit of 1718.4-2807.8 mg/kg. In the test of sleeping mice, RPS acted in synergy with sodium pentobarbital at doses 250 and 500 mg/kg while motor coordination was not influenced within 120 min after treatment with RPS. Regarding the gastric-intestinal toxicity, RPS (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) significantly inhibited gastric emptying but did not affect the intestinal transit. CONCLUSIONS RPS, which is a hypotoxic anticancer drug, possesses the sedative-hypnotic activity and gastric stimulus side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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Qin XJ, Sun DJ, Ni W, Chen CX, Hua Y, He L, Liu HY. Steroidal saponins with antimicrobial activity from stems and leaves of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Steroids 2012; 77:1242-8. [PMID: 22846376 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Rhizoma Paridis, the root of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (Trilliaceae), is a Chinese traditional medicine, which resources become less and less. However, the aerial parts of this herb, which can regenerate every year, were discarded. In order to expand the resources, detailed chemical investigation on the stems and leaves of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis led to isolation of one sapogenin and 24 steroidal saponins (1-25), including 6 new glycosides, named chonglouosides SL-1-SL-6 (1-6). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed analyses of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra and acid hydrolysis. Among them, compounds 3 and 4 are the first 23,27-dihydroxydiosgenin saponin having a sugar chain attached to C-23 or C-27, while compound 6 is the first 27-hydroxyruscogenin glycoside bearing 1, 27-di-O-sugar chains. The known compounds 10, 12, 14, 19, 20, 22, and 25 were isolated from the genus Paris for the first time. Antimicrobial testing activities of the selected compounds showed that compound 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 17, 18, 21, and 24 were active against Propionibacterium acnes with MIC values of 62.5, 62.5, 3.9, 16.5, 17.2, 7.8, 39.0, 17.2, 31.3, 62.5, and 31.3 μg/ml, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
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Preconditioning with diosgenin and treadmill exercise preserves the cardiac toxicity of isoproterenol in rats. J Physiol Biochem 2012; 69:255-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-012-0208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wu X, Wang L, Wang H, Dai Y, Ye WC, Li YL. Steroidal saponins from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 81:133-43. [PMID: 22748777 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Eleven steroidal saponins, along with seven known steroidal saponins, were isolated from rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and acid hydrolysis. Two of these compounds contained a spirostanol saponin aglycone, hitherto unknown in Nature. The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic effects on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma epithelial (CNE) cells, and seven compounds displayed more potent inhibitory effects than cisplatin (the positive control). One compound with diosgenin and tetrasaccharide moieties possessed the strongest inhibitory effect on CNE cells through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
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Kang LP, Yu K, Zhao Y, Liu YX, Yu HS, Pang X, Xiong CQ, Tan DW, Gao Y, Liu C, Ma BP. Characterization of steroidal glycosides from the extract of Paris Polyphylla var. Yunnanensis by UPLC/Q-TOF MSE. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 62:235-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Sun J, Liu BR, Wei J, Qian XP, Yu LX, Guo RH, Shen H, Wang TS, Shu YQ. The extract of Paris polyphylla exerts apoptotic induction and synergic antiproliferative effect with anticancer drugs in SMMC-7721 human liver cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2011.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Yu ZY, Guo L, Wang B, Kang LP, Zhao ZH, Shan YJ, Xiao H, Chen JP, Ma BP, Cong YW. Structural requirement of spirostanol glycosides for rat uterine contractility and mode of their synergism. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 62:521-9. [PMID: 20604843 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.04.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Total steroidal saponins extracted from the rhizome of Paris polyphylla (TSSP) have been used in China for the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding. The aim of this study was to analyse the structure-activity relationship of steroidal saponins purified from P. polyphylla Sm. var. yunnanensis on rat myometrial contractions, and investigate the synergism among themselves as well as with known inherent agonists, such as Prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF-2alpha). METHODS In this study, 22 steroidal saponins purified from TSSP were screened for their contractile activity in isolated uterine strips from estrogen-primed rats. KEY FINDINGS It was shown that spirostanol glycosides exhibited inducible or inhibitory activity in rat uterine contraction based on the difference of their structures, which was not only attributed in part to the number, the length and the position of sugar side chains attached by a glycoside, but also related to the structure of the aglycone. Furthermore, synergistic actions were observed among pennogenin or diosgenin glycosides as well as with the known inherent agonist PGF-2alpha, indicating they may share, at least in part, similar pathways with PGF-2alpha in stimulating myometrial contractions. Finally, the contractile response of rat myometrium to spirostanol glycosides was significantly enhanced with advancing pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data support the possibility that some spirostanol glycosides may represent a new type of contractile agonist for the uterus and their synergism may be responsible for the therapeutic effect of TSSP on abnormal uterine bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Yin Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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Wang HW, Liu YQ. Evaluation of trace and toxic element concentrations in Paris polyphylla from China with empirical and chemometric approaches. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Uprety Y, Asselin H, Boon EK, Yadav S, Shrestha KK. Indigenous use and bio-efficacy of medicinal plants in the Rasuwa District, Central Nepal. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2010; 6:3. [PMID: 20102631 PMCID: PMC2823594 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-6-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By revealing historical and present plant use, ethnobotany contributes to drug discovery and socioeconomic development. Nepal is a natural storehouse of medicinal plants. Although several ethnobotanical studies were conducted in the country, many areas remain unexplored. Furthermore, few studies have compared indigenous plant use with reported phytochemical and pharmacological properties. METHODS Ethnopharmacological data was collected in the Rasuwa district of Central Nepal by conducting interviews and focus group discussions with local people. The informant consensus factor (FIC) was calculated in order to estimate use variability of medicinal plants. Bio-efficacy was assessed by comparing indigenous plant use with phytochemical and pharmacological properties determined from a review of the available literature. Criteria were used to identify high priority medicinal plant species. RESULTS A total of 60 medicinal formulations from 56 plant species were documented. Medicinal plants were used to treat various diseases and disorders, with the highest number of species being used for gastro-intestinal problems, followed by fever and headache. Herbs were the primary source of medicinal plants (57% of the species), followed by trees (23%). The average FIC value for all ailment categories was 0.82, indicating a high level of informant agreement compared to similar studies conducted elsewhere. High FIC values were obtained for ophthalmological problems, tooth ache, kidney problems, and menstrual disorders, indicating that the species traditionally used to treat these ailments are worth searching for bioactive compounds: Astilbe rivularis, Berberis asiatica, Hippophae salicifolia, Juniperus recurva, and Swertia multicaulis. A 90% correspondence was found between local plant use and reported plant chemical composition and pharmacological properties for the 30 species for which information was available. Sixteen medicinal plants were ranked as priority species, 13 of which having also been prioritized in a country-wide governmental classification. CONCLUSIONS The Tamang people possess rich ethnopharmacological knowledge. This study allowed to identify many high value and high priority medicinal plant species, indicating high potential for economic development through sustainable collection and trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadav Uprety
- Human Ecology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 109, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Canada Research Chair in Aboriginal Forestry, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445, boulevard de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, J9X 5E4, Canada
| | - Hugo Asselin
- Canada Research Chair in Aboriginal Forestry, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445, boulevard de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, J9X 5E4, Canada
| | - Emmanuel K Boon
- Human Ecology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 109, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Saroj Yadav
- Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Qualitative and quantitative analysis of steroidal saponins in crude extracts from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and P. polyphylla var. chinensis by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:114-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2009] [Revised: 08/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang T, Liu H, Liu XT, Chen XQ, Wang Q. Steroidal saponins from the rhizomes of Paris delavayi. Steroids 2009; 74:809-13. [PMID: 19447124 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Two new steroidal saponins, padelaosides A (1) and B (2), along with two other known steroidal saponins (3 and 4) were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris delavayi. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR techniques, HRFTMS, physical data and chemical methods. The two different absolute configurations of fucose, assigned as l and d that were found on compounds 1 and 2, respectively, were simultaneously reported in a natural medicine for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Xue D, Yin H, Li J, Liu X, Zhang H, Peng C. Application of microscopy in authentication and distinguishing of 11Parisspecies in West Sichuan. Microsc Res Tech 2009; 72:744-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Liu XX, Wang L, Yang J, Zhang TT, Deng XD, Wang Q. Simultaneous analysis of eight bioactive steroidal saponins in Gongxuening capsules by HPLC-ELSD and HPLC-MSn. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.21.2009.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Cheng ZX, Liu BR, Qian XP, Ding YT, Hu WJ, Sun J, Yu LX. Proteomic analysis of anti-tumor effects by Rhizoma Paridis total saponin treatment in HepG2 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 120:129-137. [PMID: 18761071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 05/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoma Paridis total saponin (RPTS) had been identified as the major components responsible for the anti-tumor effects of the herb Rhizoma Paridis, which had been used in China for centuries to treat many diseases including tumor. To elucidate the anti-tumor mechanism of RPTS, a proteomic analysis was carried out with RPTS treatment in HepG2 cells. More than 50 proteins showed a significant change between control (0.01% DMSO) and RPTS (IC(50) approximately 10microg/ml) treated cells after 48h. Twelve proteins had been identified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) using peptide fingerprinting from 15 protein spots (density difference >2 fold between the control and RPTS-treated group). Among them, six proteins were down-regulated (dUTPase, hnRNP K, GMP synthase, etc.) and six proteins were up-regulated (DNase gamma, Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, Centrin-2, etc.) by RPTS treatment in HepG2 cells as determined by spot volume (p<0.05). Most of the identified proteins were associated with tumor initiation, promotion, and progression. These findings might offer valuable insights into the mechanism of anti-tumor effect affected by RPTS treatment in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xiang Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Drum Tower Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Liu XX, Wang L, Chen XQ, Deng XT, Cao Y, Wang Q. Simultaneous quantification of both triterpenoid and steroidal saponins in various Yunnan Baiyao preparations using HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3834-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fu YL, Yu ZY, Tang XM, Zhao Y, Yuan XL, Wang S, Ma BP, Cong YW. Pennogenin glycosides with a spirostanol structure are strong platelet agonists: structural requirement for activity and mode of platelet agonist synergism. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:524-33. [PMID: 18182034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02881.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroidal saponins have long attracted scientific attention, due to their structural diversity and significant biological activities. For example, total steroidal saponins extracted from the rhizome of Paris polyphylla Sm. var. yunnanensis (TSSPs) constitute an effective treatment for abnormal uterine bleeding. OBJECTIVE To determine the active constituents in TSSPs and elucidate the mechanisms that underlie their in vivo pharmacologic actions on hemostasis. METHODS Steroidal saponins were purified by chromatography, and their effects upon hemostasis and platelet function were evaluated by tail bleeding time in mice and rats, aggregometry, flow cytometry and Western blotting. RESULTS TSSPs promoted hemostasis in vivo and dose-dependently induced rat or human platelet aggregation in vitro. Using bioassay-guided separation, four known pennogenin glycosides with a spirostanol structure were identified as the active ingredients of TSSPs. A structure-activity assay showed that the aglycone and sugar moieties of pennogenin glycosides are both essential for their aggregatory activity. Their synergistic actions on platelet aggregation were observed with pennogenin glycosides and with other known platelet agonists, suggesting that these glycosides are platelet agonists. Aggregation in response to the pennogenin glycosides involved alpha(IIb)beta(3) activation, was inhibited by cAMP, was dependent upon extracellular calcium, secreted ADP and thromboxane synthesis, and was mediated by phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase. CONCLUSION We identified pennogenin glycosides with a spirostanol structure as the active ingredients of Paris polyphylla Sm. var. yunnanensis in promoting hemostasis in vivo. Their mode of their action on platelets suggests that they represent a new type of platelet agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Fu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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Guo L, Su J, Deng BW, Yu ZY, Kang LP, Zhao ZH, Shan YJ, Chen JP, Ma BP, Cong YW. Active pharmaceutical ingredients and mechanisms underlying phasic myometrial contractions stimulated with the saponin extract from Paris polyphylla Sm. var. yunnanensis used for abnormal uterine bleeding. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:964-71. [PMID: 18258765 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total steroidal saponins of Paris polyphylla Sm. var. yunnanensis (TSSP) have been widely used in China for the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). But until now, the main active constituents and the mechanisms underlying the pharmacological actions on uterine activity have not been described. METHODS Total steroidal saponins were extracted with EtOH and purified by chromatography. In vitro isometric contraction studies were performed using myometrial strips from estrogen-primed or pregnant rats. Intracellular calcium was monitored under a confocal microscope using Fluo-3 AM-loaded myometrial cells. RESULTS TSSP dose-dependently induced phasic myometrial contractions in vitro. Experiments with calcium channel blockers or kinase inhibitors demonstrated that the TSSP-stimulated myometrial contraction was mediated by an increase in [Ca(2+)](i) via influx of extracellular calcium and release of intracellular calcium. Through bioassay-guided separation, it was found that total spirostanol saponins exhibited contractile activity in myometrium and Pennogenin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl(1-->4)[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (PARG) was identified as the active ingredient of TSSP. Furthermore, the contractile response of rat myometrium to PARG was significantly enhanced with advancing pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence that myometrial contractility stimulated by TSSP results from [Ca(2+)](i) increase and supports the possibility that some spirostanol gylcosides may represent a new type of contractile agonist for the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
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YOSHIKAWA M, WANG T, SUGIMOTO S, NAKAMURA S, NAGATOMO A, MATSUDA H, HARIMA S. Functional Saponins in Tea Flower (Flower Buds of Camellia sinensis): Gastroprotective and Hypoglycemic Effects of Floratheasaponins and Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis Using HPLC. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2008; 128:141-51. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.128.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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