1
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Antkowiak B, Paluch M, Ciechanowska M, Nawrocka M, Bańkowski K, Michalak O, Kocik J, Kowalczyk M, Izdebski J. Antinociceptive effect of D-Lys(2), Dab(4)N-(ureidoethyl)amide, a new cyclic 1-4 dermorphin/deltorphin analog. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:600-5. [PMID: 24948060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A preliminary evaluation of antinociceptive activity of a new cyclic dermorphin/deltorphin tetrapeptide analog restricted via a urea bridge and containing C-terminal ureidoethylamid {[H-Tyr-d-Lys(&(1))-Phe-Dab(&(2))-CH2CH2NHCONH2][&(1)CO&(2)]} (cUP-1) revealed a significant and long-lasting increase of pain threshold to thermal stimulation after systemic application. The current studies were aimed at further evaluation of cUP-1 activity in animal models of somatic and visceral pain. The influence of cUP-1 on motor functions was also investigated. METHODS The influence of cUP-1 (0.5-2mgkg(-1), iv) on nociceptive threshold to mechanical pressure and analgesic efficacy in formalin and acetic acid-induced writhing tests were estimated. The antinociceptive effect of cUP-1 was compared to that of morphine (MF). The influence of cUP-1 (1, 4 and 8mgkg(-1), iv) on locomotor activity, motor coordination and muscle strength was estimated using open field and rota-rod tests and a grip strength measurement. RESULTS Administration of cUP-1 in doses of 1 and 2mgkg(-1) elicited a significant increase of nociceptive threshold to mechanical pressure. MF applied in the same doses induced an antinociceptive effect only at the higher dose (2mgkg(-1)). There were no marked differences between the effect of cUP-1 and MF at each dose, at relative time points. In the writhing test and both phases of the formalin test, cUP-1 showed a significant, dose-dependent antinociceptive effect which did not markedly differ from that of MF. cUP-1 did not significantly affect motor functions of mice. CONCLUSIONS Systemic application of cUP-1 elicited a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect. The analgesic efficacy of cUP-1 on mechanical nociception, visceral and formalin-induced pain was comparable to that of MF. cUP-1 did not impair motor functions of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Antkowiak
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Paluch
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ciechanowska
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Nawrocka
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Janusz Kocik
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kowalczyk
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Warsaw, Poland; Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Izdebski
- Warsaw University, Department of Chemistry, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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[Dmt(1)]DALDA analogues with enhanced μ opioid agonist potency and with a mixed μ/κ opioid activity profile. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2333-8. [PMID: 24602401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of [Dmt(1)]DALDA (H-Dmt-d-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2; Dmt=2',6'-dimethyltyrosine), a potent μ opioid agonist peptide with mitochondria-targeted antioxidant activity, were prepared by replacing Phe(3) with various 2',6'-dialkylated Phe analogues, including 2',6'-dimethylphenylalanine (Dmp), 2',4',6'-trimethylphenylalanine (Tmp), 2'-isopropyl-6'-methylphenylalanine (Imp) and 2'-ethyl-6'-methylphenylalanine (Emp), or with the bulky amino acids 3'-(1-naphthyl)alanine (1-Nal), 3'-(2-naphthyl)alanine (2-Nal) or Trp. Several compounds showed significantly increased μ agonist potency, retained μ receptor selectivity and are of interest as drug candidates for neuropathic pain treatment. Surprisingly, the Dmp(3)-, Imp(3)-, Emp(3)- and 1-Nal(3)-containing analogues showed much increased κ receptor binding affinity and had mixed μ/κ properties. In these cases, molecular dynamics studies indicated conformational preorganization of the unbound peptide ligands due to rotational restriction around the C(β)C(γ) bond of the Xxx(3) residue, in correlation with the observed κ receptor binding enhancement. Compounds with a mixed μ/κ opioid activity profile are known to have therapeutic potential for treatment of cocaine abuse.
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3
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2',6'-dimethylphenylalanine: a useful aromatic amino Acid surrogate for tyr or phe residue in opioid peptides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:498901. [PMID: 25954528 PMCID: PMC4412257 DOI: 10.1155/2012/498901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two aromatic amino acids, Tyr(1) and Phe(3) or Phe(4), are important structural elements in opioid peptides because they interact with opioid receptors. The usefulness of an artificial amino acid residue 2',6'-dimethylphenylalanine (Dmp) was investigated as an aromatic amino acid surrogate for several opioid peptides, including enkephalin, dermorphin, deltorphin, endomorphin, dynorphin A, and nociceptin peptides. In most peptides, substitutions of Phe(3) by a Dmp residue produced analogs with improved receptor-binding affinity and selectivity, while the same substitution of Phe(4) induced markedly reduced receptor affinity and selectivity. Interestingly, replacement of Tyr(1) by Dmp produced analogs with unexpectedly high affinity or produced only a slight drop in receptor affinity and bioactivity for most peptides. Thus, Dmp is also a useful surrogate for the N-terminal Tyr residue in opioid peptides despite the lack of a phenolic hydroxyl group, which is considered necessary for opioid activity. The Dmp(1)-substituted analogs are superior to 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt)(1)-substituted analogs for high receptor selectivity since the latter generally have poor receptor selectivity. Thus, Dmp is very useful as an aromatic amino acid surrogate in opioid peptides and may be useful for developing other novel peptide mimetics with high receptor specificity.
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4
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Li T, Shiotani K, Miyazaki A, Tsuda Y, Ambo A, Sasaki Y, Jinsmaa Y, Marczak E, Bryant SD, Lazarus LH, Okada Y. Bifunctional [2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine1]endomorphin-2 analogues substituted at position 3 with alkylated phenylalanine derivatives yield potent mixed mu-agonist/delta-antagonist and dual mu-agonist/delta-agonist opioid ligands. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2753-66. [PMID: 17497839 PMCID: PMC2669435 DOI: 10.1021/jm061238m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin-2 (H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2) and [Dmt1]EM-2 (Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyl-l-tyrosine) analogues, containing alkylated Phe3 derivatives, 2'-monomethyl (2, 2'), 3',5'- and 2',6'-dimethyl (3, 3', and 4', respectively), 2',4',6'-trimethyl (6, 6'), 2'-ethyl-6'-methyl (7, 7'), and 2'-isopropyl-6'-methyl (8, 8') groups or Dmt (5, 5'), had the following characteristics: (i) [Xaa3]EM-2 analogues exhibited improved mu- and delta-opioid receptor affinities. The latter, however, were inconsequential (Kidelta = 491-3451 nM). (ii) [Dmt1,Xaa3]EM-2 analogues enhanced mu- and delta-opioid receptor affinities (Kimu = 0.069-0.32 nM; Kidelta = 1.83-99.8 nM) without kappa-opioid receptor interaction. (iii) There were elevated mu-bioactivity (IC50 = 0.12-14.4 nM) and abolished delta-agonism (IC50 > 10 muM in 2', 3', 4', 5', 6'), although 4' and 6' demonstrated a potent mixed mu-agonism/delta-antagonism (for 4', IC50mu = 0.12 and pA2 = 8.15; for 6', IC50mu = 0.21 nM and pA2 = 9.05) and 7' was a dual mu-agonist/delta-agonist (IC50mu = 0.17 nM; IC50delta = 0.51 nM).
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Brain/metabolism
- Guinea Pigs
- In Vitro Techniques
- Ligands
- Male
- Mice
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/innervation
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Myenteric Plexus/physiology
- Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects
- Neuromuscular Junction/physiology
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Synaptosomes/metabolism
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/chemical synthesis
- Tyrosine/pharmacology
- Vas Deferens/drug effects
- Vas Deferens/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyou Li
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Shiotani
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Anna Miyazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Yuko Tsuda
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ambo
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Yunden Jinsmaa
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, U.S.A
| | - Ewa Marczak
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, U.S.A
| | - Sharon D. Bryant
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, U.S.A
| | - Lawrence H. Lazarus
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, U.S.A
- Corresponding authors: Y. Okada: Tel: +81-78-974-1551, fax: +81-78-974-5689., E-mail: . L. H. Lazarus: Tel: +1-919-541-3238, fax: + 1-919-541-5737. E-mail:
| | - Yoshio Okada
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
- Corresponding authors: Y. Okada: Tel: +81-78-974-1551, fax: +81-78-974-5689., E-mail: . L. H. Lazarus: Tel: +1-919-541-3238, fax: + 1-919-541-5737. E-mail:
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5
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Sasaki Y, Kawano S, Kohara H, Watanabe H, Ambo A. ORL1 and opioid receptor preferences of nociceptin and dynorphin A analogues with Dmp substituted for N-terminal aromatic residues. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:2433-7. [PMID: 16321540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Revised: 11/10/2005] [Accepted: 11/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptin (NOC) and dynorphin A (DYN) analogues containing 2',6'-dimethylphenylalanine (Dmp) in place of Phe or Tyr in position 1 and/or 4 were synthesized and their metabolic stability and receptor-binding properties were investigated. [Dmp1]NOC(1-13)-NH2 (1) possessed high ORL1 receptor affinity comparable to that of the parent peptide with substantially improved affinities for kappa-, mu-, and delta-opioid receptors. However, Dmp4 substitution of NOC peptide (2) reduced ORL1 receptor affinity. [Dmp1]DYN(1-13)-NH2 (4) and its Dmp4 analogue (5) possessed a 3-fold greater kappa-opioid receptor affinity and improved kappa-receptor selectivity compared to the parent peptide. Analogue 4 however exhibited an unexpectedly low in vitro bioactivity (GPI assay), suggesting, the phenolic hydroxyl group at the N-terminal residue in DYN peptide is extremely important for activation of the kappa-opioid receptor. Analogue 5 possessed an improved kappa-opioid receptor selectivity with an IC50 ratio of 1(kappa)/509(mu)/211598(delta); thus, this peptide may serve as a highly selective kappa-receptor agonist for pharmacological study. Dmp1 substitution in both the NOC and DYN peptides improved metabolic stability toward these peptides, while Dmp4 substitution provided no additional metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sasaki
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
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6
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Li T, Tsuda Y, Minoura K, In Y, Ishida T, Lazarus LH, Okada Y. Enantioselective Synthesis of a Phenylalanine Library Containing Alkyl Groups on the Aromatic Moiety: Confirmation of Stereostructure by X-Ray Analysis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:873-7. [PMID: 16755061 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Six phenylalanine analogues containing 2'-methyl-, 2',6'-dimethyl-, 2'-ethyl-6'-methyl-, 2'-isopropyl-6'-methyl-, 2',4',6'-trimethyl-, and 3',5'-dimethyl-L-phenylalanine were synthesized enantioselectively through asymmetric hydrogenation of acetamidoacrylate derivatives. Enzymatic digestion and X-ray analysis supported the L-configuration of the phenylalanine derivatives obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyou Li
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, Brazil.
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8
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Li T, Fujita Y, Tsuda Y, Miyazaki A, Ambo A, Sasaki Y, Jinsmaa Y, Bryant SD, Lazarus LH, Okada Y. Development of Potent μ-Opioid Receptor Ligands Using Unique Tyrosine Analogues of Endomorphin-2. J Med Chem 2005; 48:586-92. [PMID: 15658871 DOI: 10.1021/jm049384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Six analogues of tyrosine, which contained alkyl groups at positions 2', 3', and 6', either singly or in combination on the tyramine ring, were investigated for their effect on the opioid activity of [Xaa(1)]endomorphin-2 (EM-2). The opioid analogues displayed the following characteristics: (i) high mu-opioid receptor affinity [K(i)(mu) = 0.063-2.29 nM] with selectivity [K(i)(delta)/K(i)(mu)] ranging from 46 to 5347; (ii) potent functional mu-opioid agonism [GPI assay (IC(50) = 0.623-0.924 nM)] and with a correlation between delta-opioid receptor affinities and functional bioactivity using MVD; (iii) intracerebroventricular administration of [Dmt(1)]- (14) and [Det(1)]EM-2 (10) produced a dose-response antinociception in mice, with the former analogue more active than the latter; and (iv) a marked shift occurred from the trans-orientation at the Tyr(1)-Pro(2) bond to a cis-conformer compared to that observed previously with [Dmt(1)]EM-2 (14) (Okada et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2003, 11, 1983-1984) except [Mmt(1)]EM-2 (7). The active profile of the [Xaa(1)]EM-2 analogues indicated that significant modifications on the tyramine ring are possible while high biological activity is maintained.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemical synthesis
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemistry
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Brain/metabolism
- Guinea Pigs
- Ileum/drug effects
- Ileum/innervation
- Ileum/physiology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Ligands
- Male
- Mice
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/innervation
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Stereoisomerism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/chemical synthesis
- Tyrosine/chemistry
- Tyrosine/pharmacology
- Vas Deferens/drug effects
- Vas Deferens/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyou Li
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and High Technology Research Center, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
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9
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Sasaki Y, Sasaki A, Ariizumi T, Igari Y, Sato K, Kohara H, Niizuma H, Ambo A. 2',6'-Dimethylphenylalanine (Dmp) Can Mimic the N-Terminal Tyr in Opioid Peptides. Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 27:244-7. [PMID: 14758045 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Substitution of 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt) for the N-terminal Tyr in opioid peptides has recently been shown to be a promising tool for improving opioid receptor affinity and biological activity. We have also demonstrated that another unnatural amino acid, 2',6'-dimethylphenylalanine (Dmp), is not only an excellent substitute for Phe at position 3 but also can mimic the aromatic N-terminal Tyr residue in a micro opioid receptor-selective dermorphin analogue (YRFB: Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-betaAla-NH(2)). To further evaluate the value of Dmp in opioid peptides, we investigated Dmp(1)-substituted analogues of the delta receptor ligands, deltorphin II (DLT: Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Glu-Val-Val-Gly-NH(2)) and enkephalin (ENK: Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu). In the receptor binding assay, both [Dmp(1)]DLT and [Dmp(1)]ENK bound to the delta-receptor with high affinity and selectivity, and were nearly as effective as the parent peptides. The potency of the Dmp(1)-peptides on the MVD and GPI assays correlated well with the receptor binding affinity data. These results are in contrast to the tendency of corresponding Dmt(1)-analogues to have poor receptor selectivity. Taken together with the results with YRFB, we conclude that the Dmp(1)-peptide is superior to the corresponding Dmt(1)-peptide in its receptor selectivity. [Dmp(1)]DLT and [Dmp(1)]YRFB may serve as pharmacological tools for the studies of ligand recognition and opioid receptor signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sasaki
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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10
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Takahata H, Ouchi H, Kumagai M, Sakurada S. Asymmetric Synthesis of All Six Regioisomers of N-Boc-dimethyl-phenylalanines. HETEROCYCLES 2004. [DOI: 10.3987/com-04-s(p)41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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