3-amino-4-sulfonylpyridinone acetamide and related pyridothiadiazine thrombin inhibitors

Fluorinated 1-phenyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl sulfone derivatives as general reagents for fluoroalkylidene synthesis

Julia-Kocienski olefination reagents 1-fluoropropyl, (cyclopropyl)fluoromethyl, 1-fluoro-2-methyl-2-propenyl, and 1-fluoro-5-hexenyl 1-phenyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl (PT) sulfones were prepared by metalation followed by electrophilic fluorination. Although metalation-fluorination of n-propyl, 5-hexenyl, and (cyclopropyl)methyl PT-sulfones proceeded under homogeneous conditions, fluorination of 2-methyl-2-propenyl PT-sulfone required heterogeneous fluorination conditions. Condensation reactions of fluoro PT-sulfones with aldehydes resulted in fluoroalkylidenes in high yields. Screening of olefination conditions showed that stereoselectivity depended on reagent and carbonyl structure and can in many cases be tuned either toward E- or Z-selectivity. For example, LHMDS-mediated condensations of 1-fluoropropyl PT-sulfone in the presence of MgBr(2) x OEt(2) were Z-selective with electron-rich aromatic aldehydes, a hindered aromatic aldehyde, and cinnamaldehyde. Low-temperature KHMDS-mediated condensations were E-selective with electron-rich and electron-deficient aromatic aldehydes and Z-selective with n-octanal. Dialkyl, aryl alkyl, and diaryl ketones reacted as well to give fluoro olefin products in 71-99% yields.

From natural products to achiral drug prototypes: potent thrombin inhibitors based on P2/P3 dihydropyrid-2-one core motifs

A series of dihydropyrid-2-ones was synthesized and tested for inhibitory activity against serine protease enzymes. Moderate to low nanomolar inhibitory activities were obtained against thrombin and excellent selectivity against trypsin was observed.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of peptidomimetics based on substituted bicyclic 2-pyridones-targeting virulence of uropathogenic E. coli

Substituted bicyclic 2-pyridones, termed pilicides, are dipeptide mimetics that prevent pilus assembly in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Here, we apply rational design to produce four classes of extended peptidomimetics based on two bioactive 2-pyridones. The key intermediate in the synthesis was an amino-functionalised 2-pyridone scaffold, which could be obtained via a mild and selective nitration and subsequent reduction. Procedures were then developed to further derivatize this amino-substituted core and a total of 24 extended peptidomimetics were synthesised and evaluated for chaperone affinity and in vivo antivirulence activity in P pili producing E. coli. Enhanced affinities for the target protein were observed within the generated set of compounds, while the ability to prevent pilus assembly in vivo was significantly decreased compared to the parent lead compounds. The results suggest that the limited in vivo potencies of the analogues are either uptake/distribution related or due to loss in binding specificity.