1
|
Zhang X, Jia Y. Recent Advances in β-lactam Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1468-1480. [PMID: 32148196 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200309161444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer, accounts for around 10 million deaths annually, is the second leading cause of death globally. The continuous emergency of drug-resistant cancers and the low specificity of anticancer agents are the main challenges in the control and eradication of cancers, so it is imperative to develop novel anticancer agents. Immense efforts have been made in developing new lead compounds and novel chemotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of various forms of cancers in recent years. β-Lactam derivatives constitute versatile and attractive scaffolds for the drug discovery since these kinds of compounds possess a variety of pharmacological properties, and some of them exhibited promising potency against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cell lines. Thus, β-lactam moiety is a useful template for the development of novel anticancer agents. This review will provide an overview of β-lactam derivatives with the potential therapeutic application for the treatment of cancers covering articles published between 2000 and 2020. The mechanisms of action, the critical aspects of design and structureactivity relationships are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinfen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhejiang Province 311800, China
| | - Yanshu Jia
- Chongqing Institute of Engineering, Chongqing 400056, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rational approaches, design strategies, structure activity relationship and mechanistic insights for anticancer hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 77:422-87. [PMID: 24685980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A Hybrid drug which comprises the incorporation of two drug pharmacophores in one single molecule are basically designed to interact with multiple targets or to amplify its effect through action on another bio target as one single molecule or to counterbalance the known side effects associated with the other hybrid part(.) The present review article offers a detailed account of the design strategies employed for the synthesis of anticancer agents via molecular hybridization techniques. Over the years, the researchers have employed this technique to discover some promising chemical architectures displaying significant anticancer profiles. Molecular hybridization as a tool has been particularly utilized for targeting tubulin protein as exemplified through the number of research papers. The microtubule inhibitors such as taxol, colchicine, chalcones, combretasatin, phenstatins and vinca alkaloids have been utilized as one of the functionality of the hybrids and promising results have been obtained in most of the cases with some of the tubulin based hybrids exhibiting anticancer activity at nanomolar level. Linkage with steroids as biological carrier vector for anticancer drugs and the inclusion of pyrrolo [2,1-c] [1,4]benzodiazepines (PBDs), a family of DNA interactive antitumor antibiotics derived from Streptomyces species in hybrid structure based drug design has also emerged as a potential strategy. Various heteroaryl based hybrids in particular isatin and coumarins have also been designed and reported to posses' remarkable inhibitory potential. Apart from presenting the design strategies, the article also highlights the structure activity relationship along with mechanistic insights revealed during the biological evaluation of the hybrids.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kamal A, Ramakrishna G, Lakshma Nayak V, Raju P, Subba Rao A, Viswanath A, Vishnuvardhan M, Ramakrishna S, Srinivas G. Design and synthesis of benzo[c,d]indolone-pyrrolobenzodiazepine conjugates as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:789-800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
4
|
Kamal A, Srikanth YVV, Ramaiah MJ, Khan MNA, Kashi Reddy M, Ashraf M, Lavanya A, Pushpavalli SNCVL, Pal-Bhadra M. Synthesis, anticancer activity and apoptosis inducing ability of bisindole linked pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:571-8. [PMID: 22104151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of bisindole-pyrrolobenzodiazepine conjugates (5a-f) linked through different alkane spacers was prepared and evaluated for their anticancer activity. All compounds exhibited significant anticancer potency and the most potent compounds 5b and 5e were taken up for detailed studies on MCF-7 cell line. Cell cycle effects were examined apart from investigating the inhibition of tubulin polymerization for compounds 2a, 2b, 5b and 5e at 2μM. FACS analysis showed that at higher concentrations (4 and 8μM) there was an increase of sub-G1 phase cells and decrease of G2/M phase cells, thus indicating that compounds 5b and 5e are effective in causing apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. It was also observed that compounds 5b and 5e showed the down regulation of histone deacetylase protein levels such as HDAC1, 2, 3, 8 and increase in the levels of p21, followed by apoptotic cell death. The apoptotic nature of these compounds was further evidenced by increased expression of cleaved-PARP and active caspase-7 in MCF-7 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kamal A, Reddy MK, Ramaiah MJ, Srikanth YVV, Rajender, Reddy VS, Kumar GB, Pushpavalli SNCVL, Bag I, Juvekar A, Sen S, Zingde SM, Pal-Bhadra M. Synthesis of Aryl-Substituted Naphthalene-Linked Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Conjugates as Potential Anticancer Agents with Apoptosis-Inducing Ability. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1665-79. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
6
|
Kamal A, Shetti RVCRNC, Ramaiah MJ, Swapna P, Reddy KS, Mallareddy A, Rao MPN, Chourasia M, Sastry GN, Juvekar A, Zingde S, Sarma P, Pushpavalli SNCVL, Pal-Bhadra M. Carbazole–pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine conjugates: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
7
|
Antonow D, Thurston DE. Synthesis of DNA-Interactive Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines (PBDs). Chem Rev 2010; 111:2815-64. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100120f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dyeison Antonow
- Gene Targeting Drug Design Research Group, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - David E. Thurston
- Gene Targeting Drug Design Research Group, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
- Spirogen Ltd., 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Synthesis, anticancer activity and mitochondrial mediated apoptosis inducing ability of 2,5-diaryloxadiazole–pyrrolobenzodiazepine conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6666-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
9
|
Kamal A, Sreekanth K, Kumar PP, Shankaraiah N, Balakishan G, Ramaiah MJ, Pushpavalli S, Ray P, Bhadra MP. Synthesis and potential cytotoxic activity of new phenanthrylphenol-pyrrolobenzodiazepines. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:2173-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
10
|
Kamal A, Vijaya Bharathi E, Janaki Ramaiah M, Dastagiri D, Surendranadha Reddy J, Viswanath A, Sultana F, Pushpavalli S, Pal-Bhadra M, Srivastava HK, Narahari Sastry G, Juvekar A, Sen S, Zingde S. Quinazolinone linked pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD) conjugates: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:526-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
11
|
Kamal A, Khan MNA, Srikanth Y, Srinivasa Reddy K, Juvekar A, Sen S, Kurian N, Zingde S. Synthesis, DNA-binding ability and evaluation of antitumour activity of triazolo[1,2,4]benzothiadiazine linked pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7804-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Kamal A, Ramu R, Tekumalla V, Khanna GBR, Barkume MS, Juvekar AS, Zingde SM. Synthesis, DNA binding, and cytotoxicity studies of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-anthraquinone conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6868-75. [PMID: 17822905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-anthraquinone conjugates have been prepared and evaluated for their DNA binding ability as well as anticancer activity. Some of these molecules have shown significant anticancer activity in a number of cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kamal A, Khan MNA, Reddy KS, Ahmed SK, Kumar MS, Juvekar A, Sen S, Zingde S. 1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine linked pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine conjugates: Synthesis, DNA-binding affinity and cytotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5345-8. [PMID: 17723301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Benzothiadiazine-pyrrolobenzodiazepine conjugates linked through different alkane spacers have been prepared. These new classes of hybrid molecules exhibit cytotoxicity against many cancer cell lines. Their DNA thermal denaturation studies have been carried out and one of the compounds (4b) elevates the DNA helix melting temperature of the CT-DNA by 6.7 degrees C after incubation for 36 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Biotransformation Laboratory, Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kamal A, Reddy DR, Reddy PSMM. Synthesis and DNA-binding ability of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-azepane conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1160-3. [PMID: 16361097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Revised: 11/17/2005] [Accepted: 11/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrrolobenzodiazepine-azepane conjugates linked through different alkane spacers have been prepared and their DNA thermal denaturation studies have been carried out. One of the compound (4b), elevates the DNA helix melting temperature of the CT-DNA by 2.0 degrees C after incubation for 36 h at 37 degrees C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Biotransformation Laboratory, Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Leão M, Pavão A, Espinoza V, Taft C, Bulnes E. A multivariate model of chemical carcinogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2004.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
16
|
Kamal A, Reddy PSMM, Reddy DR, Laxman E, Murthy YLN. Synthesis of fluorinated analogues of SJG-136 and their DNA-binding potential. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 14:5699-702. [PMID: 15482951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Accepted: 08/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of C2-exo-fluorounsaturated pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) have been synthesized. These C2-exo-fluorounsaturated PBD dimers have exhibited remarkable DNA-binding affinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kamal A, Ramesh G, Srinivas O, Ramulu P, Laxman N, Rehana T, Deepak M, Achary MS, Nagarajaram HA. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of mixed imine-amine pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers with efficient DNA binding affinity and potent cytotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 12:5427-36. [PMID: 15388169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2004] [Revised: 07/21/2004] [Accepted: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of mixed imine-amine pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimers that are comprised of DC-81 and secondary amine (N10) of DC-81 subunits tethered to their C8 positions through alkanedioxy linkers (comprised of three and five carbons) is described. These noncross-linking unsymmetrical molecules exhibit significant DNA minor groove binding ability and one of them 5b linked through the pentanedioxy chain exhibits efficient DNA binding ability (DeltaTm=11.0 degrees C) when compared to naturally occurring DC-81, 1 (DeltaTm=0.7 degrees C). The imine-amine PBD dimers exhibit promising in vitro antitumor activity in a number of human cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Biotransformation Laboratory, Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kamal A, Devaiah V, Reddy KL, Kumar MS. Synthesis and biological activity of fluoroquinolone-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:2021-9. [PMID: 15727856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2004] [Revised: 01/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones have been synthesized and linked to DC-81 at C8 position through different alkyl chain spacers. These PBD conjugates have exhibited good DNA binding affinity, and a representative compound shows promising in vitro anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kamal A, Reddy PSMM, Reddy DR. The effect of C2-fluoro group on the biological activity of DC-81 and its dimers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2669-72. [PMID: 15109675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2003] [Accepted: 02/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
C2-Fluoro substituted pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) have been synthesized that exhibit potential anticancer activity in a number of human tumour cell lines. These C2-fluoro substituted PBDs also exhibit significant DNA-binding ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Biotransformation Laboratory, Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kamal A, Ramu R, Khanna GBR, Saxena AK, Shanmugavel M, Pandita RM. Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine–anthraquinone conjugates. Synthesis, DNA binding and cytotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4907-9. [PMID: 15341949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2004] [Accepted: 07/15/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
New pyrrolobenzodiazepine-anthraquinone hybrids have been designed and synthesized, found to effectively bind to DNA and also exhibit cytotoxicity against many cancer cell lines
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kamal A, Ramulu P, Srinivas O, Ramesh G, Kumar PP. Synthesis of C8-linked pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine–benzimidazole conjugates with remarkable DNA-binding affinity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4791-4. [PMID: 15324909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two types of benzimidazoles have been synthesized and linked to DC-81 at C8-position through different alkyl chain spacers. These PBD conjugates have exhibited remarkable DNA-binding affinity, and a representative compound shows promising in vitro anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kamal A, Srinivas O, Ramulu P, Ramesh G, Kumar PP, Kumar MS. Synthesis and DNA binding affinity of novel A-C8/C-C2-exo unsaturated alkoxyamido-linked pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine dimers. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:4337-50. [PMID: 15265486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2004] [Revised: 06/10/2004] [Accepted: 06/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel A-C8/C-C2-exo unsaturated alkoxyamido-linked pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine dimers is reported and these dimers show significant DNA binding affinity and they also exhibit moderate anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Biotransformation Laboratory, Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kamal A, Srinivas O, Ramulu P, Ramesh G, Kumar PP. Synthesis of C8-linked pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-acridone/acridine hybrids as potential DNA-binding agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4107-11. [PMID: 15225736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2004] [Accepted: 04/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrolobenzodiazepine hybrids linked to acridone/acridine ring systems at C8-position have been designed and prepared that exhibit significant DNA-binding affinity, and a representative compound shows promising in vitro anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kamal A, Ramulu P, Srinivas O, Ramesh G. Synthesis and DNA-binding affinity of A-C8/C-C2 alkoxyamido-linked pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine dimers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 13:3955-8. [PMID: 14592483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new A-C8/C-C2 alkoxyamido-linked pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]-benzodiazepine dimers have been described in this report. These dimers exhibit significant DNA-binding ability with moderate anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Selective reduction of aromatic azides with hexamethyldisilathiane: synthesis of new 2-azidopyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.02.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
26
|
Kamal A, Ramesh G, Srinivas O, Ramulu P. Synthesis and antitumour activity of pyrene-linked pyrrolo [2,1-c]benzodiazepine hybrids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:471-4. [PMID: 14698184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pyrene-linked pyrrolobenzodiazepine hybrids have been synthesized that exhibit potential anticancer activity in a number of human tumour cell lines. These hybrids also exhibit much enhanced DNA-binding ability in comparison to the parent pyrrolobenzodiazepine ring system (DC-81).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Biotransformation Laboratory, Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, 500007, Hyderabad, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|