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Sandhu N, Pandey SK, Tittal RK, Kumar K, Singh AP, Yadav RK, Shrivastava R, Singh AP. Fluorescein dye derivative: Synthesis, characterization, quantum chemical and promising antimicrobial activity studies. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navjot Sandhu
- Department of Chemistry Chandigarh University Mohali India
| | - Satish Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology School of Life Sciences, Mizoram University (Central University) Aizawl India
| | - Ram Kumar Tittal
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra India
| | - Kamlesh Kumar
- Materials Science and Sensors Applications CSIR‐Central Scientific Instruments Organization Chandigarh India
| | | | - Rajesh K. Yadav
- Department of Applied Science (Chemistry) Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Gorakhpur India
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Mostafa GAE, Mahajumi AS, AlRabiah H, Kadi AA, Lu Y, Rahman AFMM. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Fluorescein Esters as Potential Organic Semiconductor Materials. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1489-1502. [PMID: 34287764 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02789-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescein (1), a known fluorescent tracer in microscopy with high photophysical properties, was esterified to have fluorescein ethyl ester (2) and O-ethyl-fluorescein ethyl ester (3) in excellent yields. All of them were investigated for the photophysical and electrochemical properties as potential organic semiconductor materials. Absorptions and emission spectra were taken in various solvents, compound 2 showed emission maxima at λmax = 545 and compound 3 showed λmax = 550 nm. Optical band gap energy (Eg) was calculated for 1-3 and the values were found in between 2.34 - 2.39 eV. Possibility of shifting emission maxima was studied in various pH (5-9) buffers, and finally the thermal stability was examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Increasing of conjugation system of 2 and 3 were studied by HOMO and LUMO distributions of 1-3. Experimental results showed that compounds 2 and 3 have excellent photophysical and electrochemical properties hence can be used as excellent organic semiconductor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A E Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Micro-Analytical Laboratory, Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abu Syed Mahajumi
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University (SWJTU), University of Leeds UK Joint School, XIPU Campus, Chengdu, China
| | - Haitham AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan A Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - A F M Motiur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Rahman AFMM, Park SE, Kadi AA, Kwon Y. Fluorescein hydrazones as novel nonintercalative topoisomerase catalytic inhibitors with low DNA toxicity. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9139-51. [PMID: 25333701 DOI: 10.1021/jm501263m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescein hydrazones (3a-3l) were synthesized in three steps with 86-91% overall yields. Topo I- and IIα-mediated relaxation and cell viability assay were evaluated. 3d inhibited 47% Topo I (camptothecin, 34%) and 20% Topo II (etoposide 24%) at 20 μM. 3l inhibited 61% Topo II (etoposide 24%) at 20 μM. 3d and 3l were further evaluated to determine their mode of action with diverse methods of kDNA decatenation, DNA-Topo cleavage complex, comet, DNA intercalating/unwinding, and Topo IIα-mediated ATP hydrolysis assays. 3d functioned as a nonintercalative dual inhibitor against the catalytic activities of Topo I and Topo IIα. 3l acted as a Topo IIα specific nonintercalative catalytic inhibitor. 3d activated apoptotic proteins as it increased the level of cleaved capase-3 and cleaved PARP in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The dose- and time-dependent increase of G1 phase population was observed by treatment of 3d along with the increase of p27(kip1) and the decrease of cyclin D1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F M Motiur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Lee SH, Wang S, Kool ET. Templated chemistry for monitoring damage and repair directly in duplex DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8069-71. [PMID: 22782065 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34060g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the fluorogenic detection of the product of base excision repair (an abasic site) in a specific sequence of duplex DNA. This is achieved by DNA-templated chemistry, employing triple helix-forming probes that contain unnatural nucleobases designed to selectively recognize the site of a missing base. Light-up signals of up to 36-fold were documented, and probes could be used to monitor enzymatic removal of a damaged base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Fattorini P, Marrubini G, Sorçaburu-Cigliero S, Pitacco P, Grignani P, Previderè C. CE analysis and molecular characterisation of depurinated DNA samples. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:3042-52. [PMID: 22002769 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A DNA sample was partially degraded by scalar heat-acid treatments to study the extent of apurinic-apyrimidinic (A-P) lesions produced along the molecule. A CE-UV method allowed us to measure the rate of depurination at pH 5.0 and 70°C which was calculated to be 5.41×10(-6) s(-1) for adenine and 6.27×10(-6) s(-1) for guanine. CE identified depurination on treated samples when it occurred with a loss of >4% of the basic moieties. The molecular features of the A-P enriched samples were investigated by using molecular assays (agarose gel electrophoresis, UV spectrophotometry and quantitative PCR) and the consistency of the results of the STR typing were compared with the degree of depurination of the PCR template. The treated DNA samples showed molecular features such as fragmentation, altered OD(260) /OD(280) ratios and decreased ability of the quantitative PCR to synthesise the human target, related to the severity of depurination. A satisfactory correlation between the degree of damage and the amount of residual PCR-sensitive target sequences was also demonstrated (r(2) =0.9717). The conventional and mini-STR typing of the samples showed that the genetic outcome was influenced by a depurination damage that exceeded 4% when locus drop-outs and artefactual PCR results were evident. As the success of STR typing depends on the integrity of the DNA recovered from the samples, the CE-UV, physical and molecular assays described here are proposed as a set of useful methods in the analysis of certain forensic and clinical samples, for a critical evaluation of the outcome of the genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fattorini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health, University of Trieste, Italy.
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Lim MH, Song H, Olmon ED, Dervan EE, Barton JK. Sensitivity of Ru(bpy)2dppz2+ luminescence to DNA defects. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:5392-7. [PMID: 19453124 PMCID: PMC2747521 DOI: 10.1021/ic900407n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The luminescent characteristics of Ru(bpy)(2)dppz(2+) (dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine), a DNA light switch, were investigated in the presence of oligonucleotides containing single base mismatches or an abasic site. In water, the ruthenium luminescence is quenched, but, bound to well matched duplex DNA, the Ru complex luminesces. Here we show that with DNAs containing a defect, rac-, Delta-, and Lambda-Ru(bpy)(2)dppz(2+) exhibit significant luminescent enhancements above that with well matched DNA. In the presence of a single base mismatch, large luminescent enhancements are evident for the Delta-Ru isomer; the Lambda-isomer shows particularly high luminescence bound to an oligonucleotide containing an abasic site. Similar increases are not evident with two common DNA-binding organic fluorophores, ethidium bromide and TO-PRO-3. Titrations with hairpin oligonucleotides containing a variable mismatch site show correlation between the level of luminescent enhancement and the thermodynamic destabilization associated with the mismatch. This correlation is reminiscent of that found earlier for a bulky rhodium complex that binds mismatched DNA sites through metalloinsertion, where the complex binds the DNA from the minor groove side, ejecting the mismatched bases into the major groove. Differential quenching studies with minor and major groove quenchers and time-resolved emission studies support this metalloinsertion mode for the dppz complex at the defect site. Certainly these data underscore the utility of Ru(bpy)(2)dppz(2+) as a sensitive luminescent reporter of DNA and its defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hang Song
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125
| | - Eric D. Olmon
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125
| | - Elizabeth E. Dervan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125
| | - Jacqueline K. Barton
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125
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Abstract
We describe procedures for the synthesis of a fluorescent pyrimidine analog and its site-specific incorporation into a DNA oligomer. The 5'-protected and 3'-activated nucleoside 4 is synthesized in three steps with an overall yield of 40%. Site-specific incorporation into a DNA oligomer occurs with greater than 88% coupling efficiency. This isosteric fluorescent DNA analog can be used to monitor denaturation of DNA duplexes via fluorescence and can positively detect the presence of abasic sites in DNA duplexes. The total time for synthesis of the phosphoramidite 4 is about 75 h, whereas the total time for site-specific incorporation of nucleoside 2 into an oligonucleotide and purification of the corresponding oligonucleotide is about 114 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Greco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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Fundador E, Rusling J. Detection of labeled abasic sites in damaged DNA by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:1883-90. [PMID: 17206410 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-1041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Revised: 11/19/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Removal of nucleobases from the DNA backbone leads to the formation of abasic sites. The rate of abasic site formation is significantly increased for chemically damaged nucleobases. Thus, abasic sites serve as general biomarkers for the quantification of DNA damage. Herein, we show that capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) can be used to detect the amount of abasic sites with very high sensitivity. For proof of concept, DNA was incubated with methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) and the damaged bases were removed by incubation at 80 degrees C. The resulting abasic sites were then tagged with a fluorescent aldehyde-reactive probe (FARP). The DNA was precipitated with ethanol, and then analyzed by CE-LIF. CE-LIF and HPLC analysis shows that the fluorescently tagged DNA (DNA-FARP) had a peak area directly proportional to the amount of N-7 methyl guanines. The CE-LIF method had a detection limit of 1.2 abasic sites per 1,000,000 bases or ca. 20 attomoles of abasic sites. This provides a general method for detecting DNA damage that is not only faster but also has comparable or better sensitivity than the alternative ELISA-like method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Fundador
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
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Adamczyk M, Grote J. EFFICIENT FLUORESCEIN SPIROLACTAM AND BIS-SPIROLACTAM SYNTHESIS. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-100105396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Adamczyk
- a Department of Chemistry (D9NM), AP-20, Diagnostics Division , Abbott Laboratories , 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL, 60064-6016, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan Grote
- a Department of Chemistry (D9NM), AP-20, Diagnostics Division , Abbott Laboratories , 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL, 60064-6016, U.S.A
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Kalita B, Nicholas KM. Copper-catalyzed allylic hydroxyamination and amination of alkenes with Boc-hydroxylamine. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bui CT, Rees K, Lambrinakos A, Bedir A, Cotton RGH. Site-selective reactions of imperfectly matched DNA with small chemical molecules: applications in mutation detection. Bioorg Chem 2002; 30:216-32. [PMID: 12392702 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-2068(02)00019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed many exciting scientific publications associated with site-selective reactions of small chemical molecules with imperfectly matched DNA. Typical examples are carbodiimide, hydroxylamine, potassium permanganate, osmium tetroxide, chemical tagging probes, biotinylated, chemiluminescent and fluorescent probes, and all of them selectively react with imperfectly matched DNA. More recently, some therapeutic agents including DNA intercalating drugs and groove binders have been found to promote the in vivo repair system to recognize and repair the mismatch more effectively. The results have established a novel method for detection of mismatches. Development of new chemical reactions for detection of imperfectly matched DNA and mutations is a rapidly growing field and has attracted significant interest of scientists from both chemical and biological fields and it is the main focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinh T Bui
- Genomic Disorders Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, 7th Floor, Daly Wing, 35 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Vic 3065, Melbourne, Australia.
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Abstract
Loss of a base in DNA, i.e., creation of an abasic site leaving a deoxyribose residue in the strand, is a frequent lesion that may occur spontaneously, or under the action of radiations and alkylating agents, or enzymatically as an intermediate in the repair of modified or abnormal bases. The abasic site lesion is mutagenic or lethal if not repaired. From a chemical point of view,the abasic site is an alkali-labile residue that leads to strand breakage through beta- and delta- elimination. Progress in the understanding of the chemistry and enzymology of abasic DNA largely relies upon the study of synthetic abasic duplexes. Several efficient synthetic methods have thus been developed to introduce the lesion (or a stable analogue) at defined position in the sequence. Physicochemical and spectroscopic examination of such duplexes, including calorimetry, melting temperature, high-field nmr and molecular modeling indicate that the lesion strongly destabilizes the duplex, although remaining in the canonical B-form with structural modifications strictly located at the site of the lesion. Probes have been developed to titrate the damage in DNA in vitro. Series of molecules have been devised to recognize specifically the abasic site, exhibiting a cleavage activity and mimicking the AP nucleases. Others have been prepared that bind strongly to the abasic site and show promise in potentiating the cytotoxic and antitumor activity of the clinically used nitrosourea (bis-chloroethylnitrosurea).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lhomme
- LEDSS, Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5616, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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Adamczyk M, Chen YY, Grote J, Mattingly PG. O-(fluoresceinylmethyl)hydroxylamine (OFMHA): a reagent for the preparation of fluorescent O-(fluoresceinylmethyl)oxime (FMO)-steroid conjugates. Steroids 1999; 64:283-90. [PMID: 10399885 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(99)00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 5 and 6-isomers of O-(fluoresceinylmethyl)hydroxylamine reacted with a representative sample of oxo-steroids (6-oxoestradiol, estrone, norethindrone, cortisol, progesterone, and digitoxin-dialdehyde) to produce O-(fluoresceinylmethyl)oxime conjugates in a single step in 24-84% yield after preparative high performance liquid chromotography.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adamczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA.
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