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Wong TS, Li G, Li S, Gao W, Chen G, Gan S, Zhang M, Li H, Wu S, Du Y. G protein-coupled receptors in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:177. [PMID: 37137892 PMCID: PMC10154768 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are multifactorial disorders with diverse aetiological factors. Identifying treatment targets is challenging because the diseases are resulting from heterogeneous biological, genetic, and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) opens a new possibility in drug discovery. Harnessing our knowledge of molecular mechanisms and structural information of GPCRs will be advantageous for developing effective drugs. This review provides an overview of the role of GPCRs in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Besides, we highlight the emerging opportunities of novel GPCR targets and address recent progress in GPCR drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thian-Sze Wong
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Li
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Gan
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Manzhan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 518116, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Du
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Identification of Novel Dopamine D2 Receptor Ligands—A Combined In Silico/In Vitro Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144435. [PMID: 35889317 PMCID: PMC9318694 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the central nervous system are an alarming global problem showing an increasing prevalence. Dopamine receptor D2 (D2R) has been shown to be involved in central nervous system diseases. While different D2R-targeting drugs have been approved by the FDA, they all suffer from major drawbacks due to promiscuous receptor activity leading to adverse effects. Increasing the number of potential D2R-targeting drug candidates bears the possibility of discovering molecules with less severe side-effect profiles. In dire need of novel D2R ligands for drug development, combined in silico/in vitro approaches have been shown to be efficient strategies. In this study, in silico pharmacophore models were generated utilizing both ligand- and structure-based approaches. Subsequently, different databases were screened for novel D2R ligands. Selected virtual hits were investigated in vitro, quantifying their binding affinity towards D2R. This workflow successfully identified six novel D2R ligands exerting micro- to nanomolar (most active compound KI = 4.1 nM) activities. Thus, the four pharmacophore models showed prospective true-positive hit rates in between 4.5% and 12%. The developed workflow and identified ligands could aid in developing novel drug candidates for D2R-associated pathologies.
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3
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Tabor A, Weisenburger S, Banerjee A, Purkayastha N, Kaindl JM, Hübner H, Wei L, Grömer TW, Kornhuber J, Tschammer N, Birdsall NJM, Mashanov GI, Sandoghdar V, Gmeiner P. Visualization and ligand-induced modulation of dopamine receptor dimerization at the single molecule level. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33233. [PMID: 27615810 PMCID: PMC5018964 DOI: 10.1038/srep33233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), including dopamine receptors, represent a group of important pharmacological targets. An increased formation of dopamine receptor D2 homodimers has been suggested to be associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Selective labeling and ligand-induced modulation of dimerization may therefore allow the investigation of the pathophysiological role of these dimers. Using TIRF microscopy at the single molecule level, transient formation of homodimers of dopamine receptors in the membrane of stably transfected CHO cells has been observed. The equilibrium between dimers and monomers was modulated by the binding of ligands; whereas antagonists showed a ratio that was identical to that of unliganded receptors, agonist-bound D2 receptor-ligand complexes resulted in an increase in dimerization. Addition of bivalent D2 receptor ligands also resulted in a large increase in D2 receptor dimers. A physical interaction between the protomers was confirmed using high resolution cryogenic localization microscopy, with ca. 9 nm between the centers of mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Tabor
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weisenburger
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University, Günther-Scharowsky-Straße 1/ Bldg. 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ashutosh Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nirupam Purkayastha
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonas M Kaindl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luxi Wei
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University, Günther-Scharowsky-Straße 1/ Bldg. 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Teja W Grömer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nuska Tschammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nigel J M Birdsall
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Gregory I Mashanov
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University, Günther-Scharowsky-Straße 1/ Bldg. 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Kumar R, Paul T, Jana O, Mani G. Regioselective Mannich bases of pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde and binuclear copper(II) complexes of bis(iminopyrrolyl) ligand containing the piperazine ring. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Hu TC, Wu MC, Wu SS, Hu CH, Lin CH, Datta A, Lin TH, Huang JH. Synthesis, characterization and reactivity study of aluminum compounds incorporating bi- and tri-dentate pyrrole–piperazine ligands. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01694d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of Al derivatives are afforded incorporating substituted bi- and tri-dentate pyrrole–piperazine precursors. The reactivity with small organic molecules and the associated mechanistic details are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chia Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Changhua University of Education
- Changhua
- Taiwan 50058
| | - Ming-Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Changhua University of Education
- Changhua
- Taiwan 50058
| | - Shih-Sheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Changhua University of Education
- Changhua
- Taiwan 50058
| | - Ching-Han Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Changhua University of Education
- Changhua
- Taiwan 50058
| | - Chia-Her Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung-Yuan Christian University
- Chun-Li 320
- Taiwan
| | - Amitabha Datta
- Department of Chemistry
- National Changhua University of Education
- Changhua
- Taiwan 50058
| | - Tzung-Han Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- National Changhua University of Education
- Changhua
- Taiwan 50058
| | - Jui-Hsien Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Changhua University of Education
- Changhua
- Taiwan 50058
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6
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Wu MC, Hu TC, Lo YC, Lee TY, Lin CH, Lu WY, Lin CC, Datta A, Huang JH. New types of bi- and tri-dentate pyrrole-piperazine ligands and related zinc compounds: Synthesis, characterization, reaction study, and ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Löber S, Hübner H, Buschauer A, Sanna F, Argiolas A, Melis MR, Gmeiner P. Novel azulene derivatives for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7151-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Kühhorn J, Götz A, Hübner H, Thompson D, Whistler J, Gmeiner P. Development of a bivalent dopamine D₂ receptor agonist. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7911-9. [PMID: 21999579 DOI: 10.1021/jm2009919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bivalent D₂ agonists may function as useful molecular probes for the discovery of novel neurological therapeutics. On the basis of our recently developed bivalent dopamine D₂ receptor antagonists of type 1, the bivalent agonist 2 was synthesized when a spacer built from 22 atoms was employed. Compared to the monovalent control compound 6 containing a capped spacer, the bis-aminoindane derivative 2 revealed substantial steepening of the competition curve, indicating a bivalent binding mode. Dimer-specific Hill slopes were not a result of varying functional properties because both the dopaminergic 2 and the monovalent control agent 6 proved to be D₂ agonists substantially inhibiting cAMP accumulation and inducing D₂ receptor internalization. Investigation of the heterobivalent ligands 8 and 9, containing an agonist and a phenylpiperazine-based antagonist pharmacophore, revealed moderate steepening of the displacement curves and antagonist to very weak partial agonist properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kühhorn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Rodriguez Loaiza P, Löber S, Hübner H, Gmeiner P. Click chemistry based solid phase supported synthesis of dopaminergic phenylacetylenes. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:7248-57. [PMID: 17827018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
'Click resins' enable solid phase supported reactions to work under nearly perfect conditions fulfilling the requirements of click chemistry. Utilizing the formylpyrrolylmethyltriazole (FPMT) linker 6, which is readily available via copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), a BAL strategy could be successfully applied for a parallel synthesis of dopaminergic phenylacetylens. A focused library of 20 test compounds revealing three points of diversity was generated by a four-step SPOS approach including microwave assisted Sonogashira coupling. GPCR-ligand binding assays indicated excellent dopamine D3 and D4 receptor binding affinities which were identified to cause a partial agonist activity for the most potent test compounds 2c,e,i,k.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rodriguez Loaiza
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstrasse 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Löber S, Hübner H, Gmeiner P. Synthesis and biological investigations of dopaminergic partial agonists preferentially recognizing the D4 receptor subtype. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:2955-9. [PMID: 16563764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Revised: 02/24/2006] [Accepted: 02/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aminomethyl-substituted biaryls bearing a pyrazole or triazole moiety were synthesized and investigated for dopamine and serotonin receptor binding. The N-arylpyrazoles 3b,f,g and 4 revealed Ki values in the subnanomolar range (0.28-0.70 nM) for the dopamine D4 receptor subtype. Employing both mitogenesis and GTPgammaS assays, ligand efficacy was evaluated indicating partial agonist properties. Interestingly, the tetrahydropyrimidine 4 (FAUC 2020) displayed significant intrinsic selectivity for D2(long) over D2(short).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Löber
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstrasse 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Klabunde T, Evers A. GPCR antitarget modeling: pharmacophore models for biogenic amine binding GPCRs to avoid GPCR-mediated side effects. Chembiochem 2006; 6:876-89. [PMID: 15791686 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200400369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form a large protein family that plays an important role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, the central role that the biogenic amine binding GPCRs and their ligands play in cell signaling poses a risk in new drug candidates that reveal side affinities towards these receptor sites. These candidates have the potential to interfere with the physiological signaling processes and to cause undesired effects in preclinical or clinical studies. Here, we present 3D cross-chemotype pharmacophore models for three biogenic amine antitargets: the alpha(1A) adrenergic, the 5-HT(2A) serotonin, and the D2 dopamine receptors. These pharmacophores describe the key chemical features present within these biogenic amine antagonists and rationalize the biogenic amine side affinities found for numerous new drug candidates. First applications of the alpha(1A) adrenergic receptor model reveal that these in silico tools can be used to guide the chemical optimization towards development candidates with fewer alpha(1A)-mediated side effects (for example, orthostatic hypotension) and, thus, with an improved clinical safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Klabunde
- Aventis Pharma Deutschland GmbH, A Company of the Sanofi-Aventis Group, Scientific and Medical Affairs, Drug Design, Industriepark Hoechst, Building G878, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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12
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Lenz C, Haubmann C, Hübner H, Boeckler F, Gmeiner P. Fancy bioisosteres: synthesis and dopaminergic properties of the endiyne FAUC 88 as a novel non-aromatic D3 agonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:185-91. [PMID: 15582463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enlargement of the pi-electronic system of the non-aromatic D3 agonist FAUC 73 led to dopaminergic endiynes of type 1 being synthesized via the bromovinyl triflate 7a as a key intermediate when palladium catalyzed coupling reactions were exploited for the introduction of the (aza)alkyne substituents. As the first neuroreceptor active endiyne, FAUC 88 (1c) displayed high and selective dopamine D3 receptor affinity (K(ihigh) = 3.2 nM) and substantial ligand efficacy (72%, EC(50) = 2.5 nM). Similarities between molecular electrostatic potentials induced by the catechol subunit of the genuine neurotransmitter and those of its non-aromatic endiyne bioisostere are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Lenz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstrasse 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Thurkauf A, Chen X, Zhang S, Gao Y, Kieltyka A, Wasley JWF, Brodbeck R, Greenlee W, Ganguly A, Zhao H. 1H-Pyrazolo-[3,4-c]cyclophepta[1,2-c]thiophenes: A unique structural class of dopamine D4 selective ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2921-4. [PMID: 14611858 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 1H-pyrazolo-[3,4-c]cyclophepta[1,2-c]thiophenes was prepared and screened at selected dopamine receptor subtypes. Compound 4 (NGB 4420) displayed high affinity and selectivity (>100-fold) for the D(4) over D(2) and other CNS receptors. This compound was identified as a D(4) antagonist via its attenuation of dopamine agonist-induced GTPgamma(35)S binding at D(4) receptor.
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14
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Zhao H, Thurkauf A, He X, Hodgetts K, Zhang X, Rachwal S, Kover RX, Hutchison A, Peterson J, Kieltyka A, Brodbeck R, Primus R, Wasley JWF. Indoline and piperazine containing derivatives as a novel class of mixed D(2)/D(4) receptor antagonists. Part 1: identification and structure-activity relationships. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:3105-9. [PMID: 12372512 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of the lead compound 2-[-4-(4-chloro-benzyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-1-(2,3-dihydro-indol-1-yl)-ethanone 1 by systematic structure-activity relation (SAR) studies lead to two potent compounds 2-[-4-(4-chloro-benzyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-1-(2-methy-2,3-dihydro-indol-1-yl)-ethanone 2n and 2-[-4-(4-chloro-benzyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-1-(2-methy-2,3-dihydro-indol-1-yl)-ethanone 7b. Their related synthesis was also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhao
- Neurogen Corporation, 35Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA.
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15
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Bergauer M, Hübner H, Gmeiner P. 2,4-Disubstituted pyrroles: synthesis, traceless linking and pharmacological investigations leading to the dopamine D4 receptor partial agonist FAUC 356. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1937-40. [PMID: 12113813 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Solution-phase synthesis and a solid-phase supported approach to piperazinylmethyl substituted pyrroles are described. Receptor binding studies and the measurement of D4 ligand efficacy led to the ethynylpyrrole 1d (FAUC 356) exerting selective D4 binding and substantial ligand efficacy (66%, EC(50)=1.9nM). This activity profile might be of interest for the treatment of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bergauer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstrasse 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Eskola O, Bergman J, Lehikoinen P, Haaparanta M, Grönroos T, Forsback S, Solin O. Synthesis of 3-[[4-(4-[18F] fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Ortner B, Waibel R, Gmeiner P. Indoloparacyclophanes: Synthesis and Dopamine Receptor Binding of a Novel Arylbioisostere. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010401)113:7<1323::aid-ange1323>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Ortner B, Waibel R, Gmeiner P. Indoloparacyclophanes: Synthesis and Dopamine Receptor Binding of a Novel Arylbioisostere This work was supported by the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:1283-1285. [PMID: 11301452 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010401)40:7<1283::aid-anie1283>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Ortner
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Chemie Emil Fischer Centrum Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Schuhstrasse 19, 91052 Erlangen (Germany)
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19
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Zhao H, Thurkauf A, Braun J, Brodbeck R, Kieltyka A. Design, synthesis, and discovery of 3-piperazinyl-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone derivatives: a novel series of mixed dopamine D2/D4 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:2119-22. [PMID: 10999484 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
3-Piperazinyl-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone derivatives (delta-lactams) were designed, synthesized, and identified as a new series of mixed dopamine D2/D4 receptor antagonists. To further the structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, 3-piperazinylindolin-2-ones (gamma-lactams) and 3-piperazinyl-3H,4H,5H-benzo[f]azepin-2-ones (epsilon-lactams) were also prepared and examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhao
- Neurogen Corporation, Branford, CT 06405, USA.
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20
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Haubmann C, Hübner H, Gmeiner P. Piperidinylpyrroles: design, synthesis and binding properties of novel and selective dopamine D4 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:3143-6. [PMID: 10560741 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Piperidinylpyrroles of type 3 were synthesized through a modified Paal-Knorr reaction. For the introduction of pyrrole-substituents high yielding transformations including Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions were utilized. Employment of the reagent TosMIC gave access to the regioisomeric oxazolyl derivatives 7 and 11 which showed the highest dopamine D4 receptor binding of the series investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Haubmann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
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