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Shen GH, Hong JH. Chemical Synthesis of Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonate Analogs Linked with Cyclic Systems between the Phosphonate and the Base Moieties. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5918-5948. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190620100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (ANP) analogs linked with cyclic systems
are described in the present review. The purpose of the review is to report the methodology of
ANP analogs and to give an idea on the synthesis of a therapeutic structural feature of such analogs.
The cyclopropane systems were mainly prepared by diazomethane cyclopropanation catalyzed by
Pd(OAc)2, intramolecular alkylation, Kulinkovich cyclopropanation, and use of difluorocyclopropane,
and so forth. The preparation of methylenecyclopropane system was made by diazoacetate
cyclopropanation catalyzed by Rhodium followed by addition-elimination reactions. For the preparation
of a variety of tethered 1,2,3-triazole systems, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azidealkylphosphonates
and propargylated nucleobases was mainly applied. The formation of various
phosphonate moieties was achieved via phosphonylation of alkoxide, cross-coupling between
BrZnCF2P (O)(OEt)2 with iodoalkens catalyzed by CuBr, Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction with phosphite,
and Rh(II)-catalyzed O-H insertion, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Huan Shen
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Treatment for Senile Diseases, College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Joon Hee Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Kwangju 501-759, Korea
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2
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Synthesis of nucleoside phosphonate analogs having phosphonodifluoromethylene moieties and their biological activities. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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3
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Yokomatsu T. Development of Biologically Active Compounds on the Basis of Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acid Functionalities. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:1051-1086. [PMID: 28867694 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.17-00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphonic and phosphinic acids, especially α-heteroatom-substituted ones, possess unique structural and physical features which enable them to act as hydrotically stable analogs to biological phosphates in biological processes. They also act as mimetics in the transition state of the protease-induced hydrolysis of dipeptides. The first half of this review focuses on selected new synthetic methods developed by our research group for the stereoselective synthesis of α-heteroatom-substituted phosphonic and phosphinic acid derivatives, including modified nucleotide analogs and phosphinyl dipeptide isosteres. In the latter half, this review summarizes the utility of difluoromethylenephosphonic acids and phosphonic acid esters in the development of enzyme inhibitors against protein tyrosine phosphatases, sphingomyelinases, purine nucleoside phosphorylases and thrombin. The enzyme inhibitors developed were used as probes to elucidate signal transductions and the mechanisms of enzyme actions. The findings of the studies are briefly described.
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Phosphonylated Acyclic Guanosine Analogues with the 1,2,3-Triazole Linker. Molecules 2015; 20:18789-807. [PMID: 26501246 PMCID: PMC6332235 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of {4-[(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}alkylphosphonates and {4-[(2-amino-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}alkylphosphonates as acyclic analogues of guanosine were synthesized and assessed for antiviral activity against a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses and for their cytostatic activity toward three cancerous cell lines (HeLa, L1210 and CEM). They were devoid of antiviral activity; however, several phosphonates were found slightly cytostatic against HeLa cells at an IC50 in the 80–210 µM range. Compounds (1R,2S)-17k and (1S,2S)-17k showed the highest inhibitory effects (IC50 = 15–30 µM) against the proliferation of murine leukemia (L1210) and human T-lymphocyte (CEM) cell lines.
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Hosseini-Sarvari M, Tavakolian M. Nano-rod ZnO as a novel and reusable catalyst for C−P bond formation and hydrophosphonation of isatin derivatives under solvent-free conditions. CAN J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2011-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient method for the synthesis of α1-oxindole-α-hydroxyphosphonates via nano-rod ZnO catalyzed hydrophosphonation of isatin derivatives was developed. The reaction products are in excellent yields using the catalytic system nano-rod ZnO (25 mol%) under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. The catalyst can be reused several times without any significant loss of its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mina Tavakolian
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, I.R. Iran
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Baszczyňski O, Janeba Z. Medicinal Chemistry of Fluorinated Cyclic and Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates. Med Res Rev 2013; 33:1304-44. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Baszczyňski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i. Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i. Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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Diab SA, De Schutter C, Muzard M, Plantier-Royon R, Pfund E, Lequeux T. Fluorophosphonylated Nucleoside Derivatives as New Series of Thymidine Phosphorylase Multisubstrate Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2758-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201694y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Amel Diab
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS
6507 and FR3038, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin,
14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Coralie De Schutter
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS
6507 and FR3038, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin,
14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Murielle Muzard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 6229, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, BP 1039,
51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Richard Plantier-Royon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 6229, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, BP 1039,
51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Emmanuel Pfund
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS
6507 and FR3038, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin,
14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Lequeux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS
6507 and FR3038, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin,
14050 Caen Cedex, France
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8
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Seven O, Polat-Cakir S, Hossain MS, Emrullahoglu M, Demir AS. Reactions of acyl phosphonates with organoaluminum reagents: a new method for the synthesis of secondary and tertiary α-hydroxy phosphonates. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Hikishima S, Hashimoto M, Magnowska L, Bzowska A, Yokomatsu T. Structural-based design and synthesis of novel 9-deazaguanine derivatives having a phosphate mimic as multi-substrate analogue inhibitors for mammalian PNPs. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2275-2284. [PMID: 20189401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
9-(5',5'-Difluoro-5'-phosphonopentyl)-9-deazaguanine (DFPP-DG) was designed as a multi-substrate analogue inhibitor against purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) on the basis of X-ray crystallographic data obtained for a binary complex of 9-(5',5'-difluoro-5'-phosphonopentyl)guanine (DFPP-G) with calf-spleen PNP. DFPP-DG and its analogous compounds were synthesized by the Sonogashira coupling reaction between a 9-deaza-9-iodoguanine derivative and omega-alkynyldifluoromethylene phosphonates as a key reaction. The experimental details focused on the synthetic chemistry along with some insights into the physical and biological properties of newly synthesized DFPP-DG derivatives are disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadao Hikishima
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mariko Hashimoto
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Lucyna Magnowska
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw University, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02 089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bzowska
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw University, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02 089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tsutomu Yokomatsu
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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10
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Glavas-Obrovac L, Suver M, Hikishima S, Hashimoto M, Yokomatsu T, Magnowska L, Bzowska A. Antiproliferative activity of purine nucleoside phosphorylase multisubstrate analogue inhibitors containing difluoromethylene phosphonic acid against leukaemia and lymphoma cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2010; 75:392-9. [PMID: 20102369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2009.00939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Potent inhibitors of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) are expected to act as selective agents against T-cell tumours. Five compounds with guanine, three with hypoxanthine, and five with 9-deazaguanine, all connected by a linker with difluoromethylene phosphonic acid, were studied on their inhibitory potential against human and calf PNPs. Antiproliferative activity of these analogues against lymphocytes as well as lymphoma and leukaemia cells has been also investigated. All tested compounds act as multisubstrate analogue inhibitors of PNP with the apparent inhibition constants in the range 5-100 nm, and also show a slight antiproliferative activity. Analogues with 9-deazaguanine aglycone have better anti-leukaemic and anti-lymphoma activities compared to the guanine and hypoxanthine analogues, and applied in the concentration of 100 mum, caused a statistically significant decrease in the cell viability in all human leukaemia and lymphoma cells used. Despite the high PNP inhibitory potential of tested analogues, no differences were observed between the effects on the growth of tumour cells sensible to the inhibition of PNP, such as human adult T-cell leukaemia and lymphoma cells, and other investigated cells. Obtained poor effects on cell proliferation could be explained probably by a poor ability of tested compounds to penetrate cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubica Glavas-Obrovac
- School of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek and University Hospital Osijek J. Huttlera 4, Osijek, HR-31000, Croatia.
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11
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Diab SA, Hienzch A, Lebargy C, Guillarme S, Pfund E, Lequeux T. Synthesis of fluorophosphonylated acyclic nucleotide analogues via copper(I)-catalyzed Huisgen 1-3 dipolar cycloaddition. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4481-90. [PMID: 19830299 DOI: 10.1039/b912724k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of several acyclonucleosides containing both a difluoromethylphosphonate group and a triazole moiety is described starting from a difluorophosphonosulfide. The key step of the synthesis involves a copper(I)-catalyzed Huisgen 1-3 dipolar cycloaddition between difluorophosphonylated azides and propargylated nucleobases derived from thymine and 2-amino-6-chloropurine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Amel Diab
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-CNRS 6507, FR3038, 6 Bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen Cedex, France
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12
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Romanenko VD, Kukhar VP. Fluorinated phosphonates: synthesis and biomedical application. Chem Rev 2007; 106:3868-935. [PMID: 16967924 DOI: 10.1021/cr051000q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim D Romanenko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Street, Kyiv-94 02660, Ukraine
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13
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Hikishima S, Hashimoto M, Magnowska L, Bzowska A, Yokomatsu T. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 9-deazaguanine derivatives connected by a linker to difluoromethylene phosphonic acid as multi-substrate analogue inhibitors of PNP. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4173-7. [PMID: 17544667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
9-(5',5'-difluoro-5'-phosphonopentyl)-9-deazaguanine (DFPP-DG) was designed as a multi-substrate analogue inhibitor against purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) on the basis of X-ray crystallographic data obtained for a binary complex of 9-(5',5'-difluoro-5'-phosphonopentyl)guanine (DFPP-G) with calf spleen PNP. DFPP-DG and its analogous compounds were adjusted by length of the linker achieved by the Sonogashira-coupling reaction between a 9-deaza-9-iodoguanine derivative and omega-alkynyldifluoromethylene phosphonates as a key reaction. DFPP-DG is a very potent PNP inhibitor with apparent inhibition constants (in the presence of 1 mM phosphate) of 4.4 and 8.1 nM versus calf spleen and human erythrocyte PNPs, respectively. One of its analogues, homo-DFPP-DG, with longer chain linking phosphonate and 9-deazaguanine is even more potent versus human enzyme, with an apparent inhibition constant of 5.3 nM (in the presence of 1mM phosphate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadao Hikishima
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Shibuya S. [Synthesis of phosphonic acid and phosphinic acid derivatives for development of biologically active compounds]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2005; 124:725-49. [PMID: 15516802 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.124.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper covers recent publications from our laboratory on the synthesis of a variety of phosphonate and phosphinate derivatives. New methods for the enantioselective synthesis of alpha-hydroxyphosphonates were established by Lewis acid-mediated cleavage of homochiral 1,3-dioxaneacetals with P(OEt)(3) and chiral metal ligand-mediated hydrophosphonylation of aldehydes. Two diastereomers of HPmp derivatives were prepared by an application of these methods. The HPmp derivatives were convered to FPmp derivatives but with low diastereoselectivity. Hydrophosphonylation of alpha-aminoaldehydes afforded threo- and erythro-beta-amino-alpha-hydroxyphosphonates under chelation and nonchelation controlled conditions, respectively. The asymmetric dihydroxylation of alpha, beta-, and beta, gamma-unsaturated phosphonates with AD-mix-alpha and AD-mix-beta reagents gave alpha, beta- and beta, gamma-dihydroxyphosphonates with high enantioselectivity. The method was applied to the kinetic resolution of racemic alpha-oxygetated beta, gamma-unsaturated phosphonates. Treatment of allyloxymethylphosphonates with the base afforded alpha-hydroxyphosphonates via the [2,3]-Wittig reaction. Threo- and erythro-beta-amino-alpha-hydroxyphosphinates were obtained with high diastereoselectivity by phosphinylation of alpha-aminoaldehydes in the presence of (R)- and (S)-ALB, respectively. The phosphinylation of alpha-oxygenated aldehydes afforded the corresponding alpha, beta-dioxygenated phosphinates, but with low diastereoselectivity. Sphingomyelin analogues containing CF(2)PO(OH)(2) were synthesized starting from (S)- and (R)-Garner aldehyde for the purpose of obtaining potent sphyngomyelinase inhibitors. A useful method for the synthesis of alpha, alpha-difluorobenzylphosphonates was established based on the cross coupling reaction of an iodobenzene derivative with ZnCuBr(2)CF(2)PO(OEt)(2). The synthetic utility of ZnCuBr(2)CF(2)PO(OEt)(2) was examined to obtain alpha, alpha-difluoromethylenenphosphonates. The method was applied to a synthesis of PNP-inhibitory active compounds by combination of the purine base and alcohols containing difluoromethylenephosphonate. The methodology for the beta-selective N-glycosylation of 2,3-dideoxy glucoside was established by introducing phosphonothioates at the 3-position of glycosyl doners instead of phosphonate. Synthesis of new acylic nucleotide analogues designed based on the structural modification of ARS2267 is also described. Finally, kiral synthesis of some phosphonates was achieved using lipase through kinetic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiroshi Shibuya
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan.
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Wielgus-Kutrowska B, Bzowska A, Tebbe J, Koellner G, Shugar D. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Cellulomonas sp.: physicochemical properties and binding of substrates determined by ligand-dependent enhancement of enzyme intrinsic fluorescence, and by protective effects of ligands on thermal inactivation of the enzyme. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1597:320-34. [PMID: 12044910 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(02)00313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) from Cellulomonas sp., homotrimeric in the crystalline state, is also a trimer in solution. Other features of the enzyme are typical for "low molecular mass" PNPs, except for its unusual stability at pH 11. Purine bases, alpha-D-ribose-1-phosphate (R1P) and phosphate enhance the intrinsic fluorescence of Cellulomonas PNP, and hence form binary complexes and induce conformational changes of the protein that alter the microenvironment of tryptophan residue(s). The effect due to guanine (Gua) binding is much higher than those caused by other ligands, suggesting that the enzyme preferentially binds a fluorescent, most probably rare tautomeric anionic form of Gua, further shown by comparison of emission properties of the PNP/Gua complex with that of Gua anion and its N-methyl derivatives. Guanosine (Guo) and inosine (Ino) at 100 microM concentration show little and no effect, respectively, on enzyme intrinsic fluorescence, but their protective effect against thermal inactivation of the enzyme points to their forming weak binary complexes with PNP. Binding of Gua, hypoxanthine (Hx) and R1P to the trimeric enzyme is described by one dissociation constant, K(d)=0.46 microM for Gua, 3.0 microM for Hx, and 60 microM for R1P. The binding stoichiometry for Gua (and probably Hx) is three ligand molecules per enzyme trimer. Effects of phosphate on the enzyme intrinsic fluorescence are due not only to binding, but also to an increase in ionic strength, as shown by titration with KCl. When corrected for effects of ionic strength, titration data with phosphate are most consistent with one dissociation constant, K(d)=270 microM, but existence of a very weak binding site with K(d)>50 mM could not be unequivocally ruled out. Binding of Gua to the PNP/phosphate binary complex is weaker (K(d)=1.7 microM) than to the free enzyme (K(d)=0.46 microM), suggesting that phosphate helps release the purine base in the catalytic process of phosphorolysis. The results indicate that nonlinear kinetic plots of initial velocity, typical for PNPs, including Cellulomonas PNP, are not, as generally assumed, due to cooperative interaction between monomers forming the trimer, but to a more complex kinetic mechanism than hitherto considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Wielgus-Kutrowska
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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Pfund E, Lequeux T, Masson S, Vazeux M. Synthesis of thiazolines linked to a difluoromethylphosphonate diester via dithioester chemistry. Org Lett 2002; 4:843-6. [PMID: 11869142 DOI: 10.1021/ol025544f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A two-step, high-yielding synthesis of delta(2)-thiazolines containing a difluoromethylphosphonate diester moiety has been devised using a building block approach. Racemic or chiral beta-amino alcohols and diols were coupled with methyl difluoro(diethoxyphosphono)dithioacetate to give predominantly the corresponding beta-hydroxythioamides, which were then cyclized to provide a series of novel substituted delta(2)-thiazolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Pfund
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-organique UMR CNRS 6507 ISMRA, UFR Sciences, Université de Caen, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
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De Jong RL, Davidson JG, Dozeman GJ, Fiore PJ, Giri P, Kelly ME, Puls TP, Seamans RE. The Chemical Development of CI-972 and CI-1000: A Continuous Nitration, A MgCl2/Et3N-Mediated C-Alkylation of a Chloronitropyrimidine, A Catalytic Protodediazotization of a Diazonium Salt, and an Air Oxidation of an Amine. Org Process Res Dev 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/op000298d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Randall L. De Jong
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Holland Laboratories, 188 Howard Avenue, Holland, Michigan 49424, U.S.A
| | - James G. Davidson
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Holland Laboratories, 188 Howard Avenue, Holland, Michigan 49424, U.S.A
| | - Gary J. Dozeman
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Holland Laboratories, 188 Howard Avenue, Holland, Michigan 49424, U.S.A
| | - Philip J. Fiore
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Holland Laboratories, 188 Howard Avenue, Holland, Michigan 49424, U.S.A
| | - Punam Giri
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Holland Laboratories, 188 Howard Avenue, Holland, Michigan 49424, U.S.A
| | - Margaret E. Kelly
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Holland Laboratories, 188 Howard Avenue, Holland, Michigan 49424, U.S.A
| | - Timothy P. Puls
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Holland Laboratories, 188 Howard Avenue, Holland, Michigan 49424, U.S.A
| | - Ronald E. Seamans
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Holland Laboratories, 188 Howard Avenue, Holland, Michigan 49424, U.S.A
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Wang Z, Gu Y, Zapata AJ, Hammond GB. An improved preparation of α-fluorinated propargylphosphonates and the solid phase synthesis of α-hydroxy-γ-TIPS propargylphosphonate ester. J Fluor Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(00)00391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Bzowska A, Kulikowska E, Shugar D. Purine nucleoside phosphorylases: properties, functions, and clinical aspects. Pharmacol Ther 2000; 88:349-425. [PMID: 11337031 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(00)00097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous purine nucleoside phosphorylases (PNPs) play a key role in the purine salvage pathway, and PNP deficiency in humans leads to an impairment of T-cell function, usually with no apparent effects on B-cell function. This review updates the properties of the enzymes from eukaryotes and a wide range of prokaryotes, including a tentative classification of the enzymes from various sources, based on three-dimensional structures in the solid state, subunit composition, amino acid sequences, and substrate specificities. Attention is drawn to the compelling need of quantitative experimental data on subunit composition in solution, binding constants, and stoichiometry of binding; order of ligand binding and release; and its possible relevance to the complex kinetics exhibited with some substrates. Mutations responsible for PNP deficiency are described, as well as clinical methods, including gene therapy, for corrections of this usually fatal disease. Substrate discrimination between enzymes from different sources is also being profited from for development of tumour-directed gene therapy. Detailed accounts are presented of design of potent inhibitors, largely nucleosides and acyclonucleosides, their phosphates and phosphonates, particularly of the human erythrocyte enzyme, some with Ki values in nanomolar and picomolar range, intended for induction of the immunodeficient state for clinical applications, such as prevention of host-versus-graft response in organ transplantations. Methods of assay of PNP activity are reviewed. Also described are applications of PNP from various sources as tools for the enzymatic synthesis of otherwise inaccessible therapeutic nucleoside analogues, as coupling enzymes for assays of orthophosphate in biological systems in the micromolar and submicromolar ranges, and for coupled assays of other enzyme systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bzowska
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
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Yokomatsu T, Hayakawa Y, Kihara T, Koyanagi S, Soeda S, Shimeno H, Shibuya S. Synthesis and evaluation of multisubstrate analogue inhibitors of purine nucleoside phosphorylases. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:2571-9. [PMID: 11092542 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
1,1-Difluoro-2-(tetrahydro-3-furanyl)ethylphosphonic acids (+/-)-cis-4a and (+/-)-trans-4a possessing a (purine-9-yl)methyl functionality at the ring as well as their homologues (+/-)-cis-4b and (+/-)-trans-4b were synthesized and tested as 'multi-substrate analogue' inhibitors for purine nucleoside phosphorylases. Radical cyclization of allylic alpha,alpha-difluorophosphonates 8a,b was applied to construct the alpha,alpha-difluorophosphonate-functionalized oxacycles 9a,b. The IC50 values of the nucleotide analogues (+/-)-cis-4a and (+/-)-cis-4b were 88 and 38 nM, respectively, for human erythrocyte PNP-catalyzed phosphorylation of inosine in the presence of 100mM orthophosphate. The stereochemistry of the inhibitors was found to affect significantly the inhibitory potency. The transisomers (+/-)-trans-4a and (+/-)-trans-4b were ca. 4-fold less potent than the corresponding cis-isomers. At an intracellular concentration of orthophosphate (1 mM), (+/-)-cis-4b, the most potent compound of this series, was shown to have IC50 and Ki values of 8.7 and 3.5 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yokomatsu
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Science, Hachioji, Japan.
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23
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Stereoselective Reduction of Cyclopropylalkaones Possessing a Difluoromethylenephosphonate Group at the Ring: Application to Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel Cyclopropane Nucleotide Analogues. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Monitor: molecules and profiles. Drug Discov Today 2000; 5:85-86. [PMID: 10652459 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(99)01445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Monitor provides an insight into the latest developments in drug discovery through brief synopses of recent presentations and publications together with expert commentaries on the latest technologies. There are two sections: Molecules summarizes the chemistry and the pharmacological significance and biological relevance of new molecules reported in the literature and on the conference scene; Profiles offers commentary on promising lines of research, emerging molecular targets, novel technology, advances in synthetic and separation techniques and legislative issues.
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