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Heymann J, Rejman Lipinski A, Bauer B, Meyer TF, Heuer D. Chlamydia trachomatis infection prevents front-rear polarity of migrating HeLa cells. Cell Microbiol 2013; 15:1059-69. [PMID: 23351274 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause trachoma, sexually transmitted diseases and respiratory infections in humans. Fragmentation of the host cell Golgi apparatus (GA) is essential for chlamydial development, whereas the consequences for host cell functions, including cell migration are not well understood. We could show that Chlamydia trachomatis-infected cells display decelerated migration and fail to repopulate monolayer scratch wounds. Furthermore, infected cells lost the ability to reorient the fragmented GA or the microtubule organization centre (MTOC) after a migratory stimulus. Silencing of golgin-84 phenocopied this defect in the absence of the infection. Interestingly, GA stabilization via knockdown of Rab6A and Rab11A improved its reorientation in infected cells and it was fully rescued after inhibition of Golgi fragmentation with WEHD-fmk. These results show that C. trachomatis infection perturbs host cell migration on multiple levels, including the alignment of GA and MTOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Heymann
- Robert Koch-Institute, Junior Research Group 5 Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Pathogens, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Modular organization of the mammalian Golgi apparatus. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2012; 24:467-74. [PMID: 22726585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is essential for post-translational modifications and sorting of proteins in the secretory pathway. In addition, it further performs a broad range of specialized functions. This functional diversity is achieved by combining basic morphological modules of cisternae into higher ordered structures. Linking cisternae into stacks that are further connected through tubules into a continuous Golgi ribbon greatly increases its efficiency and expands its repertoire of functions. During cell division, the different modules of the Golgi are inherited by different mechanisms to maintain its functional and morphological composition.
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Seifert W, Kühnisch J, Maritzen T, Horn D, Haucke V, Hennies HC. Cohen syndrome-associated protein, COH1, is a novel, giant Golgi matrix protein required for Golgi integrity. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:37665-75. [PMID: 21865173 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.267971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the gene COH1, also known as VPS13B, lead to autosomal recessive Cohen syndrome. However, the cellular distribution and function of the encoded protein COH1 (3997 amino acids), which lacks functional homologies to other mammalian proteins, have remained enigmatic. We show here that COH1 is a peripheral Golgi membrane protein that strongly co-localizes with the cis-Golgi matrix protein GM130. Consistent with its subcellular localization, COH1 depletion using RNAi causes fragmentation of the Golgi ribbon into ministacks. Disruption of Golgi organization observed in fibroblasts from Cohen syndrome patients suggests that Golgi dysfunction contributes to Cohen syndrome pathology. In conclusion, our findings establish COH1 as a Golgi-associated matrix protein required for Golgi integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Seifert
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Universität zu Köln, 50931 Köln, Germany.
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4
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Jiang H, Jans R, Xu W, Rorke EA, Lin CY, Chen YW, Fang S, Zhong Y, Eckert RL. Type I transglutaminase accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum may be an underlying cause of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:31634-46. [PMID: 20663883 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.128645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I transglutaminase (TG1) is an enzyme that is responsible for assembly of the keratinocyte cornified envelope. Although TG1 mutation is an underlying cause of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, a debilitating skin disease, the pathogenic mechanism is not completely understood. In the present study we show that TG1 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-associated protein that is trafficked through the ER for ultimate delivery to the plasma membrane. Mutation severely attenuates this processing and a catalytically inactive point mutant, TG1-FLAG(C377A), accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum and in aggresome-like structures where it is ubiquitinylated. This accumulation results from protein misfolding, as treatment with a chemical chaperone permits it to exit the endoplasmic reticulum and travel to the plasma membrane. ER accumulation is also observed for ichthyosis-associated TG1 mutants. Our findings suggest that misfolding of TG1 mutants leads to ubiquitinylation and accumulation in the ER and aggresomes, and that abnormal intracellular processing of TG1 mutants may be an underlying cause of ichthyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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5
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Pietro ES, Capestrano M, Polishchuk EV, DiPentima A, Trucco A, Zizza P, Mariggiò S, Pulvirenti T, Sallese M, Tete S, Mironov AA, Leslie CC, Corda D, Luini A, Polishchuk RS. Group IV phospholipase A(2)alpha controls the formation of inter-cisternal continuities involved in intra-Golgi transport. PLoS Biol 2009; 7:e1000194. [PMID: 19753100 PMCID: PMC2732982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The organization of intra-Golgi trafficking and the nature of the transport intermediates involved (e.g., vesicles, tubules, or tubular continuities) remain incompletely understood. It was recently shown that successive cisternae in the Golgi stack are interconnected by membrane tubules that form during the arrival of transport carriers from the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we examine the mechanisms of generation and the function of these tubules. In principle, tubule formation might depend on several protein- and/or lipid-based mechanisms. Among the latter, we have studied the phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2))-mediated generation of wedge-shaped lysolipids, with the resulting local positive membrane curvature. We show that the arrival of cargo at the Golgi complex induces the recruitment of Group IVA Ca(2+)-dependent, cytosolic PLA(2) (cPLA(2)alpha) onto the Golgi complex itself, and that this cPLA(2)alpha is required for the formation of the traffic-dependent intercisternal tubules and for intra-Golgi transport. In contrast, silencing of cPLA(2)alpha has no inhibitory effects on peri-Golgi vesicles. These findings identify cPLA(2)alpha as the first component of the machinery that is responsible for the formation of intercisternal tubular continuities and support a role for these continuities in transport through the Golgi complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica San Pietro
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Elena V. Polishchuk
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessio DiPentima
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alvar Trucco
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale Zizza
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Mariggiò
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Teodoro Pulvirenti
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Sallese
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Tete
- Department of Oral Sciences, University “G. D'Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alexander A. Mironov
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Christina C. Leslie
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Daniela Corda
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (AL); (RSP)
| | - Roman S. Polishchuk
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (AL); (RSP)
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Li X, Kaloyanova D, van Eijk M, Eerland R, van der Goot G, Oorschot V, Klumperman J, Lottspeich F, Starkuviene V, Wieland FT, Helms JB. Involvement of a Golgi-resident GPI-anchored protein in maintenance of the Golgi structure. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:1261-71. [PMID: 17251550 PMCID: PMC1838991 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-03-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus consists of a series of flattened cisternal membranes that are aligned in parallel to form stacks. Cytosolic-oriented Golgi-associated proteins have been identified that may coordinate or maintain the Golgi architecture. Here, we describe a novel GPI-anchored protein, Golgi-resident GPI-anchored protein (GREG) that has a brefeldin A-sensitive Golgi localization. GREG resides in the Golgi lumen as a cis-oriented homodimer, due to strong interactions between coiled-coil regions in the C termini. Dimerization of GREG as well as its Golgi localization depends on a unique tandem repeat sequence within the coiled-coil region. RNA-mediated interference of GREG expression or expression of GREG mutants reveals an essential role for GREG in maintenance of the Golgi integrity. Under these conditions, secretion of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein protein as a marker for protein transport along the secretory pathway is inhibited, suggesting a loss of Golgi function as well. These results imply the involvement of a luminal protein in Golgi structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Li
- *Biochemie-Zentrum Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dora Kaloyanova
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van Eijk
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Eerland
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gisou van der Goot
- Institut des Maladies Infectieuses, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Viola Oorschot
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center and Institute for Biomembranes, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center and Institute for Biomembranes, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vytaute Starkuviene
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Programme, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix T. Wieland
- *Biochemie-Zentrum Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Bernd Helms
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- *Biochemie-Zentrum Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Colucci AMR, Campana MC, Bellopede M, Bucci C. The Rab-interacting lysosomal protein, a Rab7 and Rab34 effector, is capable of self-interaction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 334:128-33. [PMID: 15996637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rab-interacting lysosomal protein (RILP) has been identified as an interacting partner of the small GTPases Rab7 and Rab34. Active Rab7 recruits RILP on the late endosomal/lysosomal membrane and RILP then functions as a Rab7 effector controlling transport to degradative compartments. Indeed, RILP induces recruitment of dynein-dynactin motor complexes to Rab7-containing late endosomes and lysosomes. Recently, Rab7 and RILP have been found to be key proteins also for the biogenesis of phagolysosomes. Therefore, RILP represents probably an important factor for all endocytic routes to lysosomes. In this study, we show, using the yeast two-hybrid system, that RILP is able to interact with itself. The data obtained with the two-hybrid system were confirmed using co-immunoprecipitation in HeLa cells. The data together indicate that RILP, as already demonstrated for several other Rab effector proteins, is capable of self-association, thus probably forming a homo-dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Rosaria Colucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Lecce, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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8
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Lay D, L Grosshans B, Heid H, Gorgas K, Just WW. Binding and functions of ADP-ribosylation factor on mammalian and yeast peroxisomes. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:34489-99. [PMID: 16100119 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m503497200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed in vitro the binding characteristics of members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family of proteins to a highly purified rat liver peroxisome preparation void of Golgi membranes and studied in vivo a role these proteins play in the proliferation of yeast peroxisomes. Although both ARF1 and ARF6 were found on peroxisomes, coatomer recruitment only depended on ARF1-GTP. Recruitment of ARF1 and coatomer to peroxisomes was significantly affected both by pretreating the animals with peroxisome proliferators and by ATP and a cytosolic fraction designated the intermediate pool fraction depleted of ARF and coatomer. In the presence of ATP, the concentrations of ARF1 and coatomer on peroxisomes were reduced, whereas intermediate pool fraction led to a concentration-dependent decrease in ARF and increase in coatomer. Brefeldin A, a fungal toxin that is known to reduce ARF1 binding to Golgi membranes, did not affect ARF1 binding to peroxisomes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, both ScARF1 and ScARF3, the yeast orthologs of mammalian ARF1 and ARF6, were implicated in the control of peroxisome proliferation. ScARF1 regulated this process in a positive manner, and ScARF3 regulated it in a negative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Lay
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Rixon HWM, Brown G, Murray JT, Sugrue RJ. The respiratory syncytial virus small hydrophobic protein is phosphorylated via a mitogen-activated protein kinase p38-dependent tyrosine kinase activity during virus infection. J Gen Virol 2005; 86:375-384. [PMID: 15659757 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.80563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphorylation status of the small hydrophobic (SH) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was examined in virus-infected Vero cells. The SH protein was isolated from [35S]methionine- and [33P]orthophosphate-labelled RSV-infected cells and analysed by SDS-PAGE. In each case, a protein product of the expected size for the SH protein was observed. Phosphoamino acid analysis and reactivity with the phosphotyrosine specific antibody PY20 showed that the SH protein was modified by tyrosine phosphorylation. The role of tyrosine kinase activity in SH protein phosphorylation was confirmed by the use of genistein, a broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor, to inhibit SH protein phosphorylation. Further analysis showed that the different glycosylated forms of the SH protein were phosphorylated, as was the oligomeric form of the protein. Phosphorylation of the SH protein was specifically inhibited by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 inhibitor SB203580, suggesting that SH protein phosphorylation occurs via a MAPK p38-dependent pathway. Analysis of virus-infected cells using fluorescence microscopy showed that, although the SH protein was distributed throughout the cytoplasm, it appeared to accumulate, at low levels, in the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi complex, confirming recent observations. However, in the presence of SB203580, an increased accumulation of the SH protein in the Golgi complex was observed, although other virus structures, such as virus filaments and inclusion bodies, remained largely unaffected. These results showed that during RSV infection, the SH protein is modified by an MAPK p38-dependent tyrosine kinase activity and that this modification influences its cellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W McL Rixon
- MRC Virology Unit, Institute of Virology, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK
| | - G Brown
- MRC Virology Unit, Institute of Virology, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK
| | - J T Murray
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - R J Sugrue
- MRC Virology Unit, Institute of Virology, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK
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