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Golparian D, Cole MJ, Sánchez-Busó L, Day M, Jacobsson S, Uthayakumaran T, Abad R, Bercot B, Caugant DA, Heuer D, Jansen K, Pleininger S, Stefanelli P, Aanensen DM, Bluemel B, Unemo M. Antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Europe in 2020 compared with in 2013 and 2018: a retrospective genomic surveillance study. Lancet Microbe 2024; 5:e478-e488. [PMID: 38614111 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular quality-assured whole-genome sequencing linked to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and patient metadata is imperative to elucidate the shifting gonorrhoea epidemiology, both nationally and internationally. We aimed to examine the gonococcal population in the European Economic Area (EEA) in 2020, elucidate emerging and disappearing gonococcal lineages associated with AMR and patient metadata, compare with 2013 and 2018 whole-genome sequencing data, and explain changes in gonococcal AMR and gonorrhoea epidemiology. METHODS In this retrospective genomic surveillance study, we analysed consecutive gonococcal isolates that were collected in EEA countries through the European Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (Euro-GASP) in 2020, and made comparisons with Euro-GASP data from 2013 and 2018. All isolates had linked AMR data (based on minimum inhibitory concentration determination) and patient metadata. We performed whole-genome sequencing and molecular typing and AMR determinants were derived from quality-checked whole-genome sequencing data. Links between genomic lineages, AMR, and patient metadata were examined. FINDINGS 1932 gonococcal isolates collected in 2020 in 21 EEA countries were included. The majority (81·2%, 147 of 181 isolates) of azithromycin resistance (present in 9·4%, 181 of 1932) was explained by the continued expansion of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae sequence typing for antimicrobial resistance (NG-STAR) clonal complexes (CCs) 63, 168, and 213 (with mtrD/mtrR promoter mosaic 2) and the novel NG-STAR CC1031 (semi-mosaic mtrD variant 13), associated with men who have sex with men and anorectal or oropharyngeal infections. The declining cefixime resistance (0·5%, nine of 1932) and negligible ceftriaxone resistance (0·1%, one of 1932) was largely because of the progressive disappearance of NG-STAR CC90 (with mosaic penA allele), which was predominant in 2013. No known resistance determinants for novel antimicrobials (zoliflodacin, gepotidacin, and lefamulin) were found. INTERPRETATION Azithromycin-resistant clones, mainly with mtrD mosaic or semi-mosaic variants, appear to be stabilising at a relatively high level in the EEA. This mostly low-level azithromycin resistance might threaten the recommended ceftriaxone-azithromycin therapy, but the negligible ceftriaxone resistance is encouraging. The decreased genomic population diversity and increased clonality could be explained in part by the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in lower importation of novel strains into Europe. FUNDING European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and Örebro University Hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Golparian
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Leonor Sánchez-Busó
- Genomics and Health Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain; CIBERESP, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Susanne Jacobsson
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Raquel Abad
- Reference Laboratory for Neisseria, National Centre of Microbiology-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Beatrice Bercot
- French National Reference Center for Bacterial STI, Associated Laboratory for Gonococci, APHP, Paris Cité University, IAME 1137, Paris, France
| | | | - Dagmar Heuer
- Unit 18: 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Pathogens and HIV', Department of Infectious Disease, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jansen
- Unit 34: 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-Borne Infections', Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Paola Stefanelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - David M Aanensen
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Bluemel
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Unemo
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Hanke K, Rykalina V, Koppe U, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B, Heuer D, Meixenberger K. Developing a next level integrated genomic surveillance: Advances in the molecular epidemiology of HIV in Germany. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 314:151606. [PMID: 38278002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in the molecular epidemiological studies of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) at the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) by laboratory and bioinformatic automation should allow the processing of larger numbers of samples and more comprehensive and faster data analysis in order to provide a higher resolution of the current HIV infection situation in near real-time and a better understanding of the dynamic of the German HIV epidemic. The early detection of the emergence and transmission of new HIV variants is important for the adaption of diagnostics and treatment guidelines. Likewise, the molecular epidemiological detection and characterization of spatially limited HIV outbreaks or rapidly growing sub-epidemics is of great importance in order to interrupt the transmission pathways by regionally adapting prevention strategies. These aims are becoming even more important in the context of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic and the Ukrainian refugee movement, which both have effects on the German HIV epidemic that should be monitored to identify starting points for targeted public health measures in a timely manner. To this end, a next level integrated genomic surveillance of HIV is to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Hanke
- Unit 18: Sexually transmitted bacterial Pathogens (STI) and HIV, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Vera Rykalina
- Unit 18: Sexually transmitted bacterial Pathogens (STI) and HIV, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Koppe
- Unit 34: HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Dagmar Heuer
- Unit 18: Sexually transmitted bacterial Pathogens (STI) and HIV, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karolin Meixenberger
- Unit 18: Sexually transmitted bacterial Pathogens (STI) and HIV, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Klaper K, Tlapák H, Selb R, Jansen K, Heuer D. Integrated molecular, phenotypic and epidemiological surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Germany. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 314:151611. [PMID: 38309143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Numbers of infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae are among the top three sexually transmitted infections (STI) worldwide. In addition, the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae pose an important public-health issue. The integration of genomic, phenotypic and epidemiological data to monitor Neisseria gonorrhoeae fosters our understanding of the emergence and spread of AMR in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and helps to inform therapy guidelines and intervention strategies. Thus, the Gonococcal resistance surveillance (Go-Surv-AMR) was implemented at the Robert Koch Institute in Germany in 2021 to obtain molecular, phenotypic and epidemiological data on Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Germany. Here, we describe the structure and aims of Go-Surv-AMR. Furthermore, we point out future directions of Go-Surv-AMR to improve the integrated genomic surveillance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In this context we discuss current and prospective sequencing approaches and the information derived from their application. Moreover, we highlight the importance of combining phenotypic and WGS data to monitor the evolution of AMR in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Germany. The implementation and constant development of techniques and tools to improve the genomic surveillance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae will be important in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Klaper
- Department Infectious Diseases, Unit 18 `Sexually transmitted bacterial pathogens and HIV´, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hana Tlapák
- Department Infectious Diseases, Unit 18 `Sexually transmitted bacterial pathogens and HIV´, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina Selb
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Unit 34 `'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections´, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jansen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Unit 34 `'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections´, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heuer
- Department Infectious Diseases, Unit 18 `Sexually transmitted bacterial pathogens and HIV´, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
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Laureau A, Bellè A, Allibert M, Heuer D, Merle E, Pautz A. Unmoderated molten salt reactors design optimisation for power stability. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2022.109265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Selb R, Buder S, Dudareva S, Tamminga T, Bremer V, Banhart S, Heuer D, Jansen K. Markedly decreasing azithromycin susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Germany, 2014 to 2021. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26. [PMID: 34355690 PMCID: PMC8343548 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.31.2100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We monitored antimicrobial susceptibility developments of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Germany from January 2014 to May 2021. The proportion of isolates with azithromycin minimum inhibitory concentrations above the epidemiological cut-off increased substantially, from 1.3% in 2014 to 12.2% in 2020. Preliminary data from 2021 showed a further rise (January to May: 20.7%). Therefore, azithromycin as part of the recommended dual therapy in Germany for non-adherent patients is challenged. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in clinical practice is crucial and continuous susceptibility surveillance indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Selb
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Buder
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Dudareva
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thalea Tamminga
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viviane Bremer
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Banhart
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heuer
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jansen
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Jansen K, Selb R, Banhart S, Buder S, Heuer D. Reponse to Kenyon. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1624-1625. [PMID: 33822079 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Jansen
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina Selb
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Banhart
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Buder
- German Reference Laboratory for Gonococci, Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heuer
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Banhart S, Selb R, Oehlmann S, Bender J, Buder S, Jansen K, Heuer D. The mosaic mtr locus as major genetic determinant of azithromycin resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Germany, 2018. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1398-1404. [PMID: 33592101 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the German Gonococcal Resistance Network (GORENET) Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) sample collection, azithromycin-resistant NG isolates increased from 4.3% in 2016 to 9.2% in 2018. We aim to understand this observed increase using whole genome sequencing of NG isolates combined with epidemiological and clinical data. Reduced susceptibility to azithromycin in 2018 was predominately clonal (NG-MAST G12302) and could mainly be accounted to the recently described mosaic-like mtr locus. Our data suggest that, together with horizontal gene transfer of resistance determinants and well-established point mutations, international spread of resistant lineages plays a major role regarding azithromycin resistance in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Banhart
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina Selb
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Oehlmann
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer Bender
- Unit 'Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances', Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany.,European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Susanne Buder
- German Reference Laboratory for Gonococci, Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jansen
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heuer
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Bertrand F, Marie N, Bachrata A, Droin J, Manchon X, Le Meute T, Merle E, Heuer D. Simplified criteria for a comparison of the accidental behaviour of Gen IV nuclear reactors and of PWRS. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2020.110962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Laureau A, Rosier E, Merle E, Beils S, Bruneau O, Blanchon J, Gathmann R, Heuer D, Passelaigue F, Vaiana F, Zanini A. THE LiCore POWER PLANT SIMULATOR OF THE MOLTEN SALT FAST REACTOR. EPJ Web Conf 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202124706030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molten salt reactors as liquid-fuelled reactors are flexible in terms of operation or design choices, but they are very different in terms of design, operation and safety approach compared to solid-fuelled reactors. Such reactors call for a new definition of their operating procedures and safety approach. Dedicated developments and studies have been performed in the frame of the European SAMOFAR project of Horizon2020 and in parallel in France involving CNRS, CORYS and Framatome to develop a system code called LiCore adapted to such reactors, corresponding to a basic-principle power plant simulator. The neutronic model LiCore, at the centre of the simulator, corresponds to an improved point-kinetics model to take into account the specificities of a MSR, notably the circulation of the delayed neutron precursors out of the core. Coupled to a simple piston model for the fuel motion in the core, this code can perform calculations faster than real time to simulate the behaviour of the fuel circuit. Transient calculations performed with LiCore are presented, together with comparisons first to a simple point-kinetics model and then to 3D calculations with the TFM-OpenFOAM coupled code. Finally, the LiCore code has recently been integrated in the ALICES platform, the integrated simulation toolset designed by CORYS for the development, maintenance and operation of major simulator such as power plant simulators.
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Samaha D, Hamdo HH, Cong X, Schumacher F, Banhart S, Aglar Ö, Möller HM, Heuer D, Kleuser B, Saied EM, Arenz C. Liposomal FRET Assay Identifies Potent Drug-Like Inhibitors of the Ceramide Transport Protein (CERT). Chemistry 2020; 26:16616-16621. [PMID: 33047409 PMCID: PMC7756341 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide transfer protein (CERT) mediates non-vesicular transfer of ceramide from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus and thus catalyzes the rate-limiting step of sphingomyelin biosynthesis. Usually, CERT ligands are evaluated in tedious binding assays or non-homogenous transfer assays using radiolabeled ceramides. Herein, a facile and sensitive assay for CERT, based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), is presented. To this end, we mixed donor and acceptor vesicles, each containing a different fluorescent ceramide species. By CERT-mediated transfer of fluorescent ceramide, a FRET system was established, which allows readout in 96-well plate format, despite the high hydrophobicity of the components. Screening of a 2 000 compound library resulted in two new potent CERT inhibitors. One is approved for use in humans and one is approved for use in animals. Evaluation of cellular activity by quantitative mass spectrometry and confocal microscopy showed inhibition of ceramide trafficking and sphingomyelin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Samaha
- Insitute for ChemistryHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryCollege of PharmacyHelwan UniversityCairo11795Egypt
| | - Housam H. Hamdo
- Insitute for ChemistryHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Xiaojing Cong
- CNRSInstitut de Chimie de NiceUniversité Côte d'Azur06108NiceFrance
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional ScienceUniversity of PotsdamArthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–11614558NuthetalGermany
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of Duisburg-EssenHufelandstrasse 5545147EssenGermany
| | - Sebastian Banhart
- Unit ‘Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections'Department of Infectious DiseasesRobert Koch Institute13353BerlinGermany
| | - Öznur Aglar
- Universität PotsdamInstitut für ChemieKarl- Liebknecht- Strasse 24–25, Haus 2514476GolmGermany
| | - Heiko M. Möller
- Universität PotsdamInstitut für ChemieKarl- Liebknecht- Strasse 24–25, Haus 2514476GolmGermany
| | - Dagmar Heuer
- Unit ‘Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections'Department of Infectious DiseasesRobert Koch Institute13353BerlinGermany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional ScienceUniversity of PotsdamArthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–11614558NuthetalGermany
| | - Essa M. Saied
- Insitute for ChemistryHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia41522Egypt
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Insitute for ChemistryHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
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Banhart S, Jansen K, Buder S, Tamminga T, Calvignac-Spencer S, Pilz T, Martini A, Dudareva S, Nikisins S, Dehmel K, Zuelsdorf G, Guhl E, Graeber I, Kohl PK, Unemo M, Bremer V, Heuer D. Molecular epidemiological typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates identifies a novel association between genogroup G10557 (G7072) and decreased susceptibility to cefixime, Germany, 2014 to 2017. Euro Surveill 2020; 25:1900648. [PMID: 33063655 PMCID: PMC7565851 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.41.1900648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEmerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR) challenges gonorrhoea treatment and requires surveillance.AimThis observational study describes the genetic diversity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Germany from 2014 to 2017 and identifies N. gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) genogroups associated with AMR or some patient demographics.Methods1,220 gonococcal isolates underwent AMR testing and NG-MAST. Associations between genogroups and AMR or sex/age of patients were statistically assessed.ResultsPatients' median age was 32 years (interquartile range: 25-44); 1,078 isolates (88.4%) originated from men. In total, 432 NG-MAST sequence types including 156 novel ones were identified, resulting in 17 major genogroups covering 59.1% (721/1,220) of all isolates. Genogroups G1407 and G10557 (G7072) were significantly associated with decreased susceptibility to cefixime (Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared: 549.3442, df: 16, p < 0.001). Their prevalences appeared to decline during the study period from 14.2% (15/106) to 6.2% (30/481) and from 6.6% (7/106) to 3.1% (15/481) respectively. Meanwhile, several cefixime susceptible genogroups' prevalence seemed to increase. Proportions of isolates from men differed among genogroups (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.001), being e.g. lower for G25 (G51) and G387, and higher for G5441 and G2992. Some genogroups differed relative to each other in affected patients' median age (Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared: 47.5358, df: 16, p < 0.001), with e.g. G25 (G51) and G387 more frequent among ≤ 30 year olds and G359 and G17420 among ≥ 40 year olds.ConclusionAMR monitoring with molecular typing is important. Dual therapy (ceftriaxone plus azithromycin) recommended in 2014 in Germany, or only the ceftriaxone dose of this therapy, might have contributed to cefixime-resistant genogroups decreasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Banhart
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jansen
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Buder
- German Reference Laboratory for Gonococci, Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Vivantes Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thalea Tamminga
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Pilz
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Martini
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Dudareva
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergejs Nikisins
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Dehmel
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Zuelsdorf
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Guhl
- German Reference Laboratory for Gonococci, Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Vivantes Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Graeber
- German Reference Laboratory for Gonococci, Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Vivantes Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter K Kohl
- German Reference Laboratory for Gonococci, Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Vivantes Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magnus Unemo
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Viviane Bremer
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heuer
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Selb R, Jansen K, Eckardt M, Tamminga T, Dudareva S, Gassowski M, Graeber I, Guhl E, Heuer D, Buder S. External quality assessment (EQA) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility testing in primary laboratories in Germany. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:514. [PMID: 32677988 PMCID: PMC7366306 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05234-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, an increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been observed. Until now, no protocol for an external quality assessment (EQA) has been available for Germany. The German gonococcal resistance network (GORENET) performed an EQA of primary laboratories in Germany in order to assess quality of antibiotic susceptibility testing, to gain information about laboratory procedures and to assess the impact of these procedures on test results. METHODS Laboratories assessed drug susceptibility to cefixime, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, penicillin and ciprofloxacin for five N. gonorrhoeae strains, using their standard laboratory protocols. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were compared to World Health Organisation (WHO) consensus results (or, if not available, reference laboratory results), while deviation by +/- one doubling dilution was accepted. Data on laboratory procedures were collected via a standardised questionnaire. Generalized linear models and conditional inference trees (CTREE) were used to assess relationships between laboratory procedures and testing outcomes. RESULTS Twenty-one primary laboratories participated in the EQA in June 2018. 96% of ciprofloxacin MICs were reported within accepted deviations, as well as 88% for cefixime, 85% for ceftriaxone, 79% for penicillin and 70% for azithromycin. The use of interpretation standards and general laboratory procedures like agar base, incubation settings or the use of control strains strongly differed between laboratories. In statistical analysis, incubation time of cultures < 24 h was associated with correct measurements. Additionally, a 5% CO2 concentration was associated with correct results regarding azithromycin compared to 3%. CTREE analysis showed that incubation time, humidity and CO2 concentration had the greatest influence on the average deviation from consensus results. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we report the development of a protocol for N. gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility testing in Germany. While testing results were in accordance with the expected consensus results in 70-96%, depending on the antibiotic agent, laboratory methodology was heterogeneous and may significantly affect the testing quality. We therefore recommend the development of a standard operating procedure (SOP) for N. gonorrhoeae susceptibility testing in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Selb
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit for Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- European Programme for Public Health Microbiology (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Klaus Jansen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Unit for HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Eckardt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Postgraduate Training for Applied Epidemiology (PAE), Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thalea Tamminga
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Unit for HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Dudareva
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Unit for HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martyna Gassowski
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Postgraduate Training for Applied Epidemiology (PAE), Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Graeber
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, German Reference Laboratory for Gonococci, Vivantes Hospital Berlin Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Guhl
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, German Reference Laboratory for Gonococci, Vivantes Hospital Berlin Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heuer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit for Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Buder
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, German Reference Laboratory for Gonococci, Vivantes Hospital Berlin Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit for Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Banhart S, Schäfer EK, Gensch JM, Heuer D. Sphingolipid Metabolism and Transport in Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci Infections. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:223. [PMID: 31637241 PMCID: PMC6787139 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia species infect a large range of vertebral hosts and have become of major economic and public health concern over the last decades. They are obligate intracellular bacteria that undergo a unique cycle of development characterized by the presence of two distinct bacterial forms. After infection of the host cell, Chlamydia are found inside a membrane-bound compartment, the inclusion. The surrounding membrane of the inclusion contributes to the host-Chlamydia interface and specific pathogen-derived Inc proteins shape this interface allowing interactions with distinct cellular proteins. In contrast to many other bacteria, Chlamydia species acquire sphingomyelin from the host cell. In recent years a clearer picture of how Chlamydia trachomatis acquires this lipid emerged showing that the bacteria interact with vesicular and non-vesicular transport pathways that involve the recruitment of specific RAB proteins and the lipid-transfer protein CERT. These interactions contribute to the development of a new sphingomyelin-producing compartment inside the host cell. Interestingly, recruitment of CERT is conserved among different Chlamydia species including Chlamydia psittaci. Here we discuss our current understanding on the molecular mechanisms used by C. trachomatis and C. psittaci to establish these interactions and to create a novel sphingomyelin-producing compartment inside the host cell important for the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Banhart
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena K Schäfer
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc Gensch
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heuer
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Wang S, Massone M, Rineiski A, Merle-Lucotte E, Laureau A, Gérardin D, Heuer D, Allibert M. A passive decay heat removal system for emergency draining tanks of molten salt reactors. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Banhart S, Rose L, Aeberhard L, Koch-Edelmann S, Heuer D. Chlamydia trachomatis and its interaction with the cellular retromer. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 308:197-205. [PMID: 29122514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is an important human pathogen. This obligate intracellular bacterium grows inside the eukaryotic cell in a membrane-bound compartment, the inclusion. Recent global approaches describe the interactions of C. trachomatis with its host cell and indicate the inclusion is an intracellular trafficking hub embedded into the cellular vesicular trafficking pathways recruiting subunits of the retromer protein complex of the host cell. Here we review these recent developments in deciphering Chlamydia-host cell interactions with emphasis on the role of the retromer complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Banhart
- Division "Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections" (FG 19), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Rose
- Division "Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections" (FG 19), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Aeberhard
- Division "Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections" (FG 19), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophia Koch-Edelmann
- Division "Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections" (FG 19), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heuer
- Division "Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections" (FG 19), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
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Koch-Edelmann S, Banhart S, Saied EM, Rose L, Aeberhard L, Laue M, Doellinger J, Arenz C, Heuer D. The cellular ceramide transport protein CERT promotes Chlamydia psittaci infection and controls bacterial sphingolipid uptake. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [PMID: 28544656 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydiaceae are bacterial pathogens that cause diverse diseases in humans and animals. Despite their broad host and tissue tropism, all Chlamydia species share an obligate intracellular cycle of development and have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to interact with their eukaryotic host cells. Here, we have analysed interactions of the zoonotic pathogen Chlamydia psittaci with a human epithelial cell line. We found that C. psittaci recruits the ceramide transport protein (CERT) to its inclusion. Chemical inhibition and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of CERT showed that CERT is a crucial factor for C. psittaci infections thereby affecting different stages of the infection including inclusion growth and infectious progeny formation. Interestingly, the uptake of fluorescently labelled sphingolipids in bacteria inside the inclusion was accelerated in CERT-knockout cells indicating that C. psittaci can exploit CERT-independent sphingolipid uptake pathways. Moreover, the CERT-specific inhibitor HPA-12 strongly diminished sphingolipid transport to inclusions of infected CERT-knockout cells, suggesting that other HPA-12-sensitive factors are involved in sphingolipid trafficking to C. psittaci. Further analysis is required to decipher these interactions and to understand their contributions to bacterial development, host range, tissue tropism, and disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Koch-Edelmann
- Junior Research Group "Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Pathogens" (NG 5), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Banhart
- Junior Research Group "Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Pathogens" (NG 5), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Essa M Saied
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Laura Rose
- Junior Research Group "Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Pathogens" (NG 5), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Aeberhard
- Junior Research Group "Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Pathogens" (NG 5), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Laue
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joerg Doellinger
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy (ZBS 6), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heuer
- Junior Research Group "Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Pathogens" (NG 5), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Laureau A, Heuer D, Merle-Lucotte E, Rubiolo P, Allibert M, Aufiero M. Transient coupled calculations of the Molten Salt Fast Reactor using the Transient Fission Matrix approach. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mathieu L, Heuer D, Merle-Lucotte E, Brissot R, Le Brun C, Liatard E, Loiseaux JM, Méplan O, Nuttin A, Lecarpentier D. Possible Configurations for the Thorium Molten Salt Reactor and Advantages of the Fast Nonmoderated Version. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse07-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, 53, avenue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
- Institut Laue Langevin de Grenoble, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - D. Heuer
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, 53, avenue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - E. Merle-Lucotte
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, 53, avenue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - R. Brissot
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, 53, avenue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - C. Le Brun
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, 53, avenue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - E. Liatard
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, 53, avenue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - J.-M. Loiseaux
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, 53, avenue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - O. Méplan
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, 53, avenue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - A. Nuttin
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, 53, avenue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - D. Lecarpentier
- EDF-R&D, Département SINETICS, 1, av du Général De Gaulle, 92140 Clamart, France
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Perrot L, Billebaud A, Brissot R, Giorni A, Heuer D, Loiseaux JM, Méplan O, Viano JB. Precise Validation of Database (n,γ) Cross Sections Using a Lead-Slowing-Down Spectrometer and Simulation from 0.1 eV to 30 keV: Methodology and Data for a Few Elements. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse03-a2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Perrot
- Institut des Sciences Nucléaires, IN2P3-CNRS/UJF 53, av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble, Cedex, France
| | - A. Billebaud
- Institut des Sciences Nucléaires, IN2P3-CNRS/UJF 53, av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble, Cedex, France
| | - R. Brissot
- Institut des Sciences Nucléaires, IN2P3-CNRS/UJF 53, av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble, Cedex, France
| | - A. Giorni
- Institut des Sciences Nucléaires, IN2P3-CNRS/UJF 53, av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble, Cedex, France
| | - D. Heuer
- Institut des Sciences Nucléaires, IN2P3-CNRS/UJF 53, av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble, Cedex, France
| | - J.-M. Loiseaux
- Institut des Sciences Nucléaires, IN2P3-CNRS/UJF 53, av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble, Cedex, France
| | - O. Méplan
- Institut des Sciences Nucléaires, IN2P3-CNRS/UJF 53, av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble, Cedex, France
| | - J.-B. Viano
- Institut des Sciences Nucléaires, IN2P3-CNRS/UJF 53, av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble, Cedex, France
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20
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Soule R, Assal W, Chaussonnet P, Destouches C, Domergue C, Jammes C, Laurens JM, Lebrat JF, Mellier F, Perret G, Rimpault G, Servière H, Imel G, Thomas GM, Villamarin D, Gonzalez-Romero E, Plaschy M, Chawla R, Klooster JL, Rugama Y, Billebaud A, Brissot R, Heuer D, Kerveno M, Brun CL, Liatard E, Loiseaux JM, Méplan O, Merle E, Perdu F, Vollaire J, Baeten P. Neutronic Studies in Support of Accelerator-Driven Systems: The MUSE Experiments in the MASURCA Facility. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse01-13c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Soule
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre de Cadarache F-13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - W. Assal
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre de Cadarache F-13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - P. Chaussonnet
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre de Cadarache F-13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - C. Destouches
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre de Cadarache F-13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - C. Domergue
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre de Cadarache F-13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - C. Jammes
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre de Cadarache F-13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - J.-M. Laurens
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre de Cadarache F-13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - J.-F. Lebrat
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre de Cadarache F-13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - F. Mellier
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre de Cadarache F-13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - G. Perret
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre de Cadarache F-13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - G. Rimpault
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre de Cadarache F-13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - H. Servière
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre de Cadarache F-13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - G. Imel
- Argonne National Laboratory-West, P.O. Box 2528, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83403
| | - G. M. Thomas
- BNFL, Springfields Works, Preston, Lancashire, England
| | | | | | - M. Plaschy
- Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - R. Chawla
- Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Y. Rugama
- IRI, DUT, Mekelweg 15, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands
| | - A. Billebaud
- LPSC (ISN), CNRS-IN2P3/UJF 53 av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - R. Brissot
- LPSC (ISN), CNRS-IN2P3/UJF 53 av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - D. Heuer
- LPSC (ISN), CNRS-IN2P3/UJF 53 av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - M. Kerveno
- LPSC (ISN), CNRS-IN2P3/UJF 53 av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - C. Le Brun
- LPSC (ISN), CNRS-IN2P3/UJF 53 av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - E. Liatard
- LPSC (ISN), CNRS-IN2P3/UJF 53 av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - J.-M. Loiseaux
- LPSC (ISN), CNRS-IN2P3/UJF 53 av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - O. Méplan
- LPSC (ISN), CNRS-IN2P3/UJF 53 av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - E. Merle
- LPSC (ISN), CNRS-IN2P3/UJF 53 av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - F. Perdu
- LPSC (ISN), CNRS-IN2P3/UJF 53 av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - J. Vollaire
- LPSC (ISN), CNRS-IN2P3/UJF 53 av. des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - P. Baeten
- SCK-CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
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Brovchenko M, Heuer D, Merle-Lucotte E, Allibert M, Ghetta V, Laureau A, Rubiolo P. Design-Related Studies for the Preliminary Safety Assessment of the Molten Salt Fast Reactor. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse12-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Brovchenko
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie UJF, CNRS0IN2P3, Grenoble INP, 53, rue des Martyrs 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - D. Heuer
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie UJF, CNRS0IN2P3, Grenoble INP, 53, rue des Martyrs 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - E. Merle-Lucotte
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie UJF, CNRS0IN2P3, Grenoble INP, 53, rue des Martyrs 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - M. Allibert
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie UJF, CNRS0IN2P3, Grenoble INP, 53, rue des Martyrs 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - V. Ghetta
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie UJF, CNRS0IN2P3, Grenoble INP, 53, rue des Martyrs 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - A. Laureau
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie UJF, CNRS0IN2P3, Grenoble INP, 53, rue des Martyrs 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - P. Rubiolo
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie UJF, CNRS0IN2P3, Grenoble INP, 53, rue des Martyrs 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
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Knittler MR, Berndt A, Böcker S, Dutow P, Hänel F, Heuer D, Kägebein D, Klos A, Koch S, Liebler-Tenorio E, Ostermann C, Reinhold P, Saluz HP, Schöfl G, Sehnert P, Sachse K. Chlamydia psittaci: New insights into genomic diversity, clinical pathology, host–pathogen interaction and anti-bacterial immunity. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:877-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Grützke J, Rindte K, Goosmann C, Silvie O, Rauch C, Heuer D, Lehmann MJ, Mueller AK, Brinkmann V, Matuschewski K, Ingmundson A. The spatiotemporal dynamics and membranous features of the Plasmodium liver stage tubovesicular network. Traffic 2014; 15:362-82. [PMID: 24423236 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For membrane-bound intracellular pathogens, the surrounding vacuole is the portal of communication with the host cell. The parasitophorous vacuole (PV) harboring intrahepatocytic Plasmodium parasites satisfies the parasites' needs of nutrition and protection from host defenses to allow the rapid parasite growth that occurs during the liver stage of infection. In this study, we visualized the PV membrane (PVM) and the associated tubovesicular network (TVN) through fluorescent tagging of two PVM-resident Plasmodium berghei proteins, UIS4 and IBIS1. This strategy revealed previously unrecognized dynamics with which these membranes extend throughout the host cell. We observed dynamic vesicles, elongated clusters of membranes and long tubules that rapidly extend and contract from the PVM in a microtubule-dependent manner. Live microscopy, correlative light-electron microscopy and fluorescent recovery after photobleaching enabled a detailed characterization of these membranous features, including velocities, the distribution of UIS4 and IBIS1, and the connectivity of PVM and TVN. Labeling of host cell compartments revealed association of late endosomes and lysosomes with the elongated membrane clusters. Moreover, the signature host autophagosome protein LC3 was recruited to the PVM and TVN and colocalized with UIS4. Together, our data demonstrate that the membranes surrounding intrahepatic Plasmodium are involved in active remodeling of host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Grützke
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Rouch H, Geoffroy O, Rubiolo P, Laureau A, Brovchenko M, Heuer D, Merle-Lucotte E. Preliminary thermal–hydraulic core design of the Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR). ANN NUCL ENERGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bhabak KP, Hauser A, Redmer S, Banhart S, Heuer D, Arenz C. Cover Picture: Development of a Novel FRET Probe for the Real-Time Determination of Ceramidase Activity (ChemBioChem 9/2013). Chembiochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201390029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bhabak KP, Hauser A, Redmer S, Banhart S, Heuer D, Arenz C. Development of a Novel FRET Probe for the Real-Time Determination of Ceramidase Activity. Chembiochem 2013; 14:1049-52. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Heymann J, Rejman Lipinski A, Bauer B, Meyer TF, Heuer D. Chlamydia trachomatis infection prevents front-rear polarity of migrating HeLa cells. Cell Microbiol 2013; 15:1059-69. [PMID: 23351274 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause trachoma, sexually transmitted diseases and respiratory infections in humans. Fragmentation of the host cell Golgi apparatus (GA) is essential for chlamydial development, whereas the consequences for host cell functions, including cell migration are not well understood. We could show that Chlamydia trachomatis-infected cells display decelerated migration and fail to repopulate monolayer scratch wounds. Furthermore, infected cells lost the ability to reorient the fragmented GA or the microtubule organization centre (MTOC) after a migratory stimulus. Silencing of golgin-84 phenocopied this defect in the absence of the infection. Interestingly, GA stabilization via knockdown of Rab6A and Rab11A improved its reorientation in infected cells and it was fully rescued after inhibition of Golgi fragmentation with WEHD-fmk. These results show that C. trachomatis infection perturbs host cell migration on multiple levels, including the alignment of GA and MTOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Heymann
- Robert Koch-Institute, Junior Research Group 5 Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Pathogens, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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Christian JG, Heymann J, Paschen SA, Vier J, Schauenburg L, Rupp J, Meyer TF, Häcker G, Heuer D. Targeting of a chlamydial protease impedes intracellular bacterial growth. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002283. [PMID: 21990969 PMCID: PMC3182938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that propagate in a cytosolic vacuole. Recent work has shown that growth of Chlamydia induces the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus (GA) into ministacks, which facilitates the acquisition of host lipids into the growing inclusion. GA fragmentation results from infection-associated cleavage of the integral GA protein, golgin-84. Golgin-84-cleavage, GA fragmentation and growth of Chlamydia trachomatis can be blocked by the peptide inhibitor WEHD-fmk. Here we identify the bacterial protease chlamydial protease-like activity factor (CPAF) as the factor mediating cleavage of golgin-84 and as the target of WEHD-fmk-inhibition. WEHD-fmk blocked cleavage of golgin-84 as well as cleavage of known CPAF targets during infection with C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae. The same effect was seen when active CPAF was expressed in non-infected cells and in a cell-free system. Ectopic expression of active CPAF in non-infected cells was sufficient for GA fragmentation. GA fragmentation required the small GTPases Rab6 and Rab11 downstream of CPAF-activity. These results define CPAF as the first protein that is essential for replication of Chlamydia. We suggest that this role makes CPAF a potential anti-infective therapeutic target. Chlamydiae are bacteria that replicate only inside host (for instance human) cells and that are frequent agents of human disease, in particular sexually transmitted disease. Chlamydia lives in a vacuole inside the cell, surrounded by a lipid membrane, and must acquire nutrients and other factors from the host cell for its replication and for the growth of the vacuole. Recent results show that for this, Chlamydia relies on its ability to induce the loss of an individual protein of the Golgi apparatus (a cellular structure that sorts materials for transport in the cell) called golgin-84. In this work we find that Chlamydia does this using its protein-cleaving enzyme CPAF (which is made by Chlamydia and transported from the vacuole into the cell). CPAF cleaves golgin-84 and thereby induces changes in the Golgi apparatus that are linked to the acquisition of some cellular material by Chlamydia. We further show that a synthetic inhibitor, which was recently found to block chlamydial growth, does that by inhibiting CPAF. CPAF therefore seems necessary for chlamydial growth and blocking CPAF may be a therapeutic strategy against infections with Chlamydia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan G. Christian
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Heymann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Dept. Molecular Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institute, Junior Research Group 5, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Paschen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Vier
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Linda Schauenburg
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Medical Clinic III, UK-SH/Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Meyer
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Dept. Molecular Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Dagmar Heuer
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Dept. Molecular Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institute, Junior Research Group 5, Berlin, Germany
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Lindemann C, Langner I, Heuer D, Mikolajczyk R, Schmid U, Garbe E. Validation of Birth and Birth Outcome Information in the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD). Gesundheitswesen 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1266437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Heuer D, Rejman Lipinski A, Machuy N, Karlas A, Wehrens A, Siedler F, Brinkmann V, Meyer TF. Chlamydia causes fragmentation of the Golgi compartment to ensure reproduction. Nature 2008; 457:731-5. [PMID: 19060882 DOI: 10.1038/nature07578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis survives and replicates within a membrane-bound vacuole, termed the inclusion, which intercepts host exocytic pathways to obtain nutrients. Like many other intracellular pathogens, C. trachomatis has a marked requirement for host cell lipids, such as sphingolipids and cholesterol, produced in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. However, the mechanisms by which intracellular pathogens acquire host cell lipids are not well understood. In particular, no host cell protein responsible for transporting Golgi-derived lipids to the chlamydial inclusions has yet been identified. Here we show that Chlamydia infection in human epithelial cells induces Golgi fragmentation to generate Golgi ministacks surrounding the bacterial inclusion. Ministack formation is triggered by the proteolytic cleavage of the Golgi matrix protein golgin-84. Inhibition of golgin-84 truncation prevents Golgi fragmentation, causing a block in lipid acquisition and maturation of C. trachomatis. Golgi fragmentation by means of RNA-interference-mediated knockdown of distinct Golgi matrix proteins before infection enhances bacterial maturation. Our data functionally connect bacteria-induced golgin-84 cleavage, Golgi ministack formation, lipid acquisition and intracellular pathogen growth. We show that C. trachomatis subverts the structure and function of an entire host cell organelle for its own advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Heuer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Heuer D, Kneip C, Mäurer AP, Meyer TF. Tackling the intractable - approaching the genetics of Chlamydiales. Int J Med Microbiol 2007; 297:569-76. [PMID: 17467336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia (Chlamydophila) pneumoniae are important human pathogens with significant socio-economic and medical impact. The development of an improved therapy or vaccine would represent a major break-through in the battle against these infections. Despite intense research on Chlamydiaceae, the molecular genetic analysis of these pathogens remains difficult as genetic manipulation still remains impossible. Even though several options for generating a universal genetic system are currently being pursued, the anticipated success of these approaches is uncertain. As an alternative approach, random chemical mutagenesis is currently pursued which could allow spotlighting critical chlamydial pathogenesis features in the near future. Another research track lies in the identification of immunogenic peptides which could serve two goals: Immunogenic peptides could provide a basis for generating an efficient antichlamydial vaccine. Further, they also might offer an efficient tool to diagnose acute and chronic chlamydial infections. Both are currently pursued by applying the autodisplay approach that facilitates the exposure of whole peptide libraries on the Escherichia coli cell surface, thus allowing immediate detection and gene tracking through antibody binding. Finally, global transcriptome analysis is an approach to circumvent the genetic intractability of Chlamydiaceae. Current analysis indicates that gene expression takes place in an ordered manner throughout the course of the developmental cycle and, as expected, gene expression appears to be directly linked to host cell responses. Moreover, recent microarray analysis in C. pneumoniae corroborated the notion that distinct mRNA species are being carried-over by the infectious elementary bodies (EBs). These and other recent observations on the chlamydial gene expression patterns offer unique opportunities to interfere with the onset, the course, and the persistency of chlamydial infections by paving the ways towards the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Heuer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen which infects the human mucosal epithelium. An early critical event in neisserial infection is the type IV pilus-mediated adherence to the host cell. The PilC protein, located on the pilus tip, has earlier been identified as the major pilus adhesin. Previous studies suggested that the cell surface protein CD46 is a pilus receptor for Neisseria. We investigated the role of CD46 in pilus-mediated gonococcal infection of epithelial cells. Differences in binding efficiencies of piliated gonococci as well as purified pilus adhesin PilC2 on human epithelial cell lines did not correlate to the level of surface-expressed CD46. Additionally, no binding of piliated gonococci or PilC2 protein was observed on CD46-transfected CHO and MDCK cells. Furthermore, specific down-regulation of CD46 expression in human epithelial cell lines by RNA interference did not alter the binding efficiency of piliated gonococci or purified PilC2 protein, although other CD46-dependent processes, such as measles virus infection and C3b cleavage, were significantly reduced. These data support the notion that pilus-mediated gonococcal infection of epithelial cells can occur in a CD46-independent manner, thus questioning the function of CD46 as an essential pilus receptor for pathogenic neisseriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieluise Kirchner
- Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology/Department of Molecular Biology, Schumannstrasse 21/22, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Nuttin A, Heuer D, Billebaud A, Brissot R, Le Brun C, Liatard E, Loiseaux JM, Mathieu L, Meplan O, Merle-Lucotte E, Nifenecker H, Perdu F, David S. Potential of thorium molten salt reactorsdetailed calculations and concept evolution with a view to large scale energy production. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2004.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Heuer D, Brinkmann V, Meyer TF, Szczepek AJ. Expression and translocation of chlamydial protease during acute and persistent infection of the epithelial HEp-2 cells with Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae. Cell Microbiol 2003; 5:315-22. [PMID: 12713490 DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003.00278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydial protease-like activity factor (CPAF) is secreted to the cytoplasm of the infected cells where it proteolytically cleaves eukaryotic transcription factor RFX5. Here, we determined the localization pattern of CPAF during the course of an acute and persistent in vitro infection of the epithelial cell line HEp-2 with Chlamydophila pneumoniae strain VR1310. Using immunoblotting, confocal microscopy and electron microscopy, we found CPAF in the inclusion lumen or associated with bacteria during the first 48 h of an acute infection. Seventy-two hours and later, CPAF was present predominantly in the cytoplasm of the infected cells. Translocation of CPAF into cytoplasm correlated in time with degradation of the transcription factor RFX5, as confirmed by immunoblotting. Interestingly, during the persistent infection induced by either IFN-gamma or iron limitation CPAF translocation to the cytoplasm was inhibited resulting in unaffected or only partially reduced levels of RFX5. Based on presented findings, we propose that CPAF translocation to the cytoplasm is separated from its production. The translocation mechanism appears to be fully active during an acute infection; however, it is fully or partially inhibited during persistent infection induced by IFN-gamma or by iron limitation respectively. Consequently, this work demonstrates the importance of subcellular localization of CPAF for the characteristics of chlamydial acute and persistent infection in epithelial HEp-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Heuer
- Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department Molecular Biology, Schumannstr. 21/22, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Kerdraon D, Billebaud A, Brissot R, Carluec B, David S, Heuer D, Le Brun C, Liatard E, Loiseaux JM, Méplan O, Merle E, Nifenecker H, Verrier D. Characterization and extrapolation of a conceptual experimental accelerator driven system. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-1970(03)80003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wagner R, Heuer D, Wolff T, Herwig A, Klenk HD. N-Glycans attached to the stem domain of haemagglutinin efficiently regulate influenza A virus replication. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:601-609. [PMID: 11842255 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-3-601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The haemagglutinin (HA) protein of fowl plague virus A/FPV/Rostock/34 (H7N1) contains three N-linked oligosaccharide side chains in its stem domain. These stem glycans, which are attached to the Asn residues at positions 12, 28 and 478, are highly conserved throughout all HA protein sequences analysed to date. In a previous study, in which mutant HA proteins lacking individual stem glycosylation sites had been expressed from an SV-40 vector, it was shown that these glycans maintain the HA protein in the metastable form required for fusion activity. In the present study, the functional role of the stem N-glycans for virus replication was investigated using recombinant influenza viruses generated by an RNA polymerase I-based system. Studies in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and embryonated chickens' eggs revealed that the N-glycan at Asn(12) is crucial for virus replication. In both culture systems, growth of virus lacking this glycan (mutant cg1) was completely blocked at 37 degrees C and inhibited at 33 degrees C. Loss of the glycan from Asn(478) (mutant cg3) caused less striking, but still measurable, effects. Interestingly, it was not possible to generate mutant viruses containing the HA protein lacking the N-glycan at Asn(28). It is concluded from this that the N-glycan at Asn(28) is indispensable for the formation of replication-competent influenza viruses. When compared to viruses containing wild-type HA protein, mutants cg1 and cg3 showed a significantly decreased pH stability. Taken together, these data show that the HA stem glycans are potent regulators of influenza virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Wagner
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität, 35011 Marburg, Germany1
| | - Dagmar Heuer
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität, 35011 Marburg, Germany1
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität, 35011 Marburg, Germany1
| | - Astrid Herwig
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität, 35011 Marburg, Germany1
| | - Hans-Dieter Klenk
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität, 35011 Marburg, Germany1
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Dieter Klenk
- Institut für Virologie, Klinikum der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany.
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Pawlowski P, Brzychczyk J, Benchekrovn D, Bisquer E, Burzynski P, Chabane A, Charvet M, Cheynis B, Cole AJ, Demeyer A, Desesquelles P, Gawlikowicz W, Gerlic E, Giorni A, Grotowski K, Guinet D, Hachaj P, Heuer D, Lautesse P, Lebreton L, Lleres A, Micek S, Planeta R, Sosin Z, Stern M, Vagneron L, Viano JB, Wieloch A. 40Ca+40Ca reaction at Elab=35 MeV/nucleon: Filters and signatures to distinguish nearly central from peripheral collisions. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1996; 54:R10-R14. [PMID: 9971366 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.54.r10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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40
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Désesquelles P, Lleres A, Charvet M, Cole AJ, Giorni A, Heuer D, Viano JB. Size effect in the deexcitation of hot nuclei. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1996; 53:2252-2257. [PMID: 9971204 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.53.2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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41
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Gelderloos CJ, Sun R, Ajitanand NN, Alexander JM, Bauge E, Elmaani A, Ethvignot T, Lacey RA, Brandan ME, Giorni A, Heuer D, Kox S, Lleres A, Menchaca-Rocha A, Merchez F, Rebreyend D, Viano JB, Chambon B, Cheynis B, Drain D, Pastor C. Emission times for energy selected 1,2,3H ejectiles from central collisions: 1360 MeV 40Ar+Ag. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1995; 52:R2834-R2838. [PMID: 9970904 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.52.r2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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42
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Gelderloos CJ, Alexander JM, Ajitanand NN, Bauge E, Elmaani A, Ethvignot T, Kowalski L, Lacey RA, Brandan ME, Giorni A, Heuer D, Kox S, Lleres A, Menchaca-Rocha A, Merchez F, Rebreyend D, Viano JB, Chambon B, Cheynis B, Drain D, Pastor C. Time relationships between direct particle emission and fragmentation: A probe for nuclear expansion prior to fragment freeze-out. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 75:3082-3085. [PMID: 10059490 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.3082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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43
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Heuer D, Chabane A, Brandan ME, Charvet M, Cole AJ, Désesquelles P, Giorni A, Lleres A, Menchaca-Rocha A, Viano JB, Benchekroun D, Cheynis B, Demeyer A, Gerlic E, Guinet D, Stern M, Vagneron L. Explosive multifragmentation in the 32S+27Al reaction at 37.5 MeV/nucleon. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1994; 50:1943-1951. [PMID: 9969871 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.50.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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44
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Lleres A, Cole AJ, Désesquelles P, Giorni A, Heuer D, Viano JB, Chambon B, Cheynis B, Drain D, Pastor C. Deexcitation of primary projectile-like fragments in the reaction 40Ca+natCu at 35 MeV/nucleon: Comparison with sequential binary decay and percolation models. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1994; 50:1973-1981. [PMID: 9969874 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.50.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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45
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Elmers HJ, Hauschild J, Höche H, Gradmann U, Bethge H, Heuer D, Köhler U. Submonolayer magnetism of Fe(110) on W(110): Finite width scaling of stripes and percolation between islands. Phys Rev Lett 1994; 73:898-901. [PMID: 10057567 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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46
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Lleres A, Giorni A, Elhage H, Brandan ME, Cole AJ, Désesquelles P, Heuer D, Menchaca-Rocha A, Viano JB, Benrachi F, Chambon B, Cheynis B, Drain D, Pastor C. Multidetector study of primary projectilelike fragments in the reaction 40Ca+natCu at 35 MeV/nucleon. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1993; 48:2753-2762. [PMID: 9969152 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.48.2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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47
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Benrachi F, Chambon B, Cheynis B, Drain D, Pastor C, Rossner H, Hilscher D, Gebauer B, Husson D, Giorni A, Heuer D, Lleres A, Stassi P, Viano JB. Light particle emission in the reaction 144Sm(32S, fission) at Elab=838 MeV. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1993; 48:2340-2349. [PMID: 9969088 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.48.2340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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48
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Désesquelles P, Cole AJ, Giorni A, Heuer D, Lleres A, Viano JB, Chambon B, Cheynis B, Drain D, Pastor C. Identification of a percolationlike critical region in the decay of excited calcium nuclei. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1993; 48:1828-1839. [PMID: 9969026 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.48.1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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49
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Ethvignot T, Alexander JM, Cole AJ, Elmaani A, Désesquelles P, Elhage H, Giorni A, Heuer D, Kox S, Lleres A, Merchez F, Morand C, Rebreyend D, Stassi P, Viano JB, Benrachi F, Chambon B, Cheynis B, Drain D, Pastor C. Li-Li azimuthal angular correlations: A test for emission from a rotating source versus instantaneous multifragmentation. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1993; 48:618-627. [PMID: 9968873 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.48.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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50
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Ethvignot T, Ajitanand NN, Alexander JM, Elmaani A, Gelderloos CJ, Désesquelles P, Elhage H, Giorni A, Heuer D, Kox S, Lleres A, Merchez F, Morand C, Rebreyend D, Viano JB, Benrachi F, Chambon B, Cheynis B, Drain D, Pastor C. Transverse momentum correlations between particle-particle pairs as a probe of effective emitter mass: 40Ar+natAg (E/A=7, 17, 27, and 34 MeV). Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1993; 47:2099-2106. [PMID: 9968666 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.47.2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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