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Szewczyk-Roszczenko OK, Roszczenko P, Shmakova A, Finiuk N, Holota S, Lesyk R, Bielawska A, Vassetzky Y, Bielawski K. The Chemical Inhibitors of Endocytosis: From Mechanisms to Potential Clinical Applications. Cells 2023; 12:2312. [PMID: 37759535 PMCID: PMC10527932 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is one of the major ways cells communicate with their environment. This process is frequently hijacked by pathogens. Endocytosis also participates in the oncogenic transformation. Here, we review the approaches to inhibit endocytosis, discuss chemical inhibitors of this process, and discuss potential clinical applications of the endocytosis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Roszczenko
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (P.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Shmakova
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Nataliya Finiuk
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Serhii Holota
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; (S.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; (S.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (P.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Yegor Vassetzky
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
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2
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Bonnycastle K, Dobson KL, Blumrich EM, Gajbhiye A, Davenport EC, Pronot M, Steinruecke M, Trost M, Gonzalez-Sulser A, Cousin MA. Reversal of cell, circuit and seizure phenotypes in a mouse model of DNM1 epileptic encephalopathy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5285. [PMID: 37648685 PMCID: PMC10468497 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41035-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamin-1 is a large GTPase with an obligatory role in synaptic vesicle endocytosis at mammalian nerve terminals. Heterozygous missense mutations in the dynamin-1 gene (DNM1) cause a novel form of epileptic encephalopathy, with pathogenic mutations clustering within regions required for its essential GTPase activity. We reveal the most prevalent pathogenic DNM1 mutation, R237W, disrupts dynamin-1 enzyme activity and endocytosis when overexpressed in central neurons. To determine how this mutation impacted cell, circuit and behavioural function, we generated a mouse carrying the R237W mutation. Neurons from heterozygous mice display dysfunctional endocytosis, in addition to altered excitatory neurotransmission and seizure-like phenotypes. Importantly, these phenotypes are corrected at the cell, circuit and in vivo level by the drug, BMS-204352, which accelerates endocytosis. Here, we demonstrate a credible link between dysfunctional endocytosis and epileptic encephalopathy, and importantly reveal that synaptic vesicle recycling may be a viable therapeutic target for monogenic intractable epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bonnycastle
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Katharine L Dobson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Eva-Maria Blumrich
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Akshada Gajbhiye
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NE2 4HH, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Davenport
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Marie Pronot
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Moritz Steinruecke
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthias Trost
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NE2 4HH, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alfredo Gonzalez-Sulser
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Michael A Cousin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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3
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Khurana H, Pucadyil TJ. "Gearing" up for dynamin-catalyzed membrane fission. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 83:102204. [PMID: 37451176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Endocytic dynamins self-assemble into helical scaffolds and utilize energy from GTP hydrolysis to constrict and sever tubular membranous necks of budded endocytic intermediates. They bind the membrane using a pleckstrin-homology domain (PHD). The PHD is characterized by four unstructured loops, two of which partially insert into the membrane. Recent studies reveal that loop insertion lowers the bending rigidity of the membrane and that mutations in these two loops produce separable and opposite effects on the efficiency of dynamin-catalyzed membrane fission. Here, we review the current understanding of dynamin-catalyzed membrane fission and attempt to reconcile contrasting notions that have emerged from biochemical and cellular studies evaluating the role of the PHD in this process. We propose that two membrane-inserting loops act as "gears" that define the catalytic efficiency of the dynamin helical scaffold in membrane fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Khurana
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Thomas J Pucadyil
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India.
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4
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Miyoshi H, Otomo M, Takahashi K. Clomipramine inhibits dynamin GTPase activity by L-α-phosphatidyl-L-serine stimulation. J Biochem 2023; 174:267-272. [PMID: 37137298 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Three dynamin isoforms play critical roles in clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters host cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis. We previously reported that 3-(3-chloro-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine (clomipramine) inhibits the GTPase activity of dynamin 1, which is in mainly neuron. Therefore, we investigated whether clomipramine inhibits the activity of other dynamin isoforms in this study. We found that, similar to its inhibitory effect on dynamin 1, clomipramine inhibited the l-α-phosphatidyl-l-serine-stimulated GTPase activity of dynamin 2, which is expressed ubiquitously, and dynamin 3, which is expressed in the lung. Inhibition of GTPase activity raises the possibility that clomipramine can suppress SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Miyoshi
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Otomo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
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5
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Harms FL, Weiss D, Lisfeld J, Alawi M, Kutsche K. A deep intronic variant in DNM1 in a patient with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy creates a splice acceptor site and affects only transcript variants including exon 10a. Neurogenetics 2023; 24:171-180. [PMID: 37039969 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-023-00716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
DNM1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) is characterized by severe to profound intellectual disability, hypotonia, movement disorder, and refractory epilepsy, typically presenting with infantile spasms. Most of the affected individuals had de novo missense variants in DNM1. DNM1 undergoes alternative splicing that results in expression of six different transcript variants. One alternatively spliced region affects the tandemly arranged exons 10a and 10b, producing isoforms DNM1A and DNM1B, respectively. Pathogenic variants in the DNM1 coding region affect all transcript variants. Recently, a de novo DNM1 NM_001288739.1:c.1197-8G > A variant located in intron 9 has been reported in several unrelated individuals with DEE that causes in-frame insertion of two amino acids and leads to disease through a dominant-negative mechanism. We report on a patient with DEE and a de novo DNM1 variant NM_001288739.2:c.1197-46C > G in intron 9, upstream of exon 10a. By RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing using fibroblast-derived cDNA of the patient, we identified aberrantly spliced DNM1 mRNAs with exon 9 spliced to the last 45 nucleotides of intron 9 followed by exon 10a (NM_001288739.2:r.1196_1197ins[1197-1_1197-45]). The encoded DNM1A mutant is predicted to contain 15 novel amino acids between Ile398 and Arg399 [NP_001275668.1:p.(Ile398_Arg399ins15)] and likely functions in a dominant-negative manner, similar to other DNM1 mutants. Our data confirm the importance of the DNM1 isoform A for normal human brain function that is underscored by previously reported predominant expression of DMN1A transcripts in pediatric brain, functional differences of the mouse Dnm1a and Dnm1b isoforms, and the Dnm1 fitful mouse, an epilepsy mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike L Harms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Deike Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Lisfeld
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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6
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Guo R, Fujito R, Nagasaki A, Okumura M, Chihara T, Hamao K. Dynamin-2 regulates microtubule stability via an endocytosis-independent mechanism. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2022; 79:94-104. [PMID: 36053962 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule stability and dynamics regulations are essential for vital cellular processes, such as microtubule-dependent axonal transport. Dynamin is involved in many membrane fission events, such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The ubiquitously expressed dynamin-2 has been reported to regulate microtubule stability. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the roles of intrinsic properties of dynamin-2 on microtubule regulation by rescue experiments. A heterozygous DNM2 mutation in HeLa cells was generated, and an increase in the level of stabilized microtubules in these heterozygous cells was observed. The expression of wild-type dynamin-2 in heterozygous cells reduced stabilized microtubules. Conversely, the expression of self-assembly-defective mutants of dynamin-2 in the heterozygous cells failed to decrease stabilized microtubules. This indicated that the self-assembling ability of dynamin-2 is necessary for regulating microtubule stability. Moreover, the heterozygous cells expressing the GTPase-defective dynamin-2 mutant, K44A, reduced microtubule stabilization, similar to the cells expressing wild-type dynamin-2, suggesting that GTPase activity of dynamin-2 is not essential for regulating microtubule stability. These results showed that the mechanism of microtubule regulation by dynamin-2 is diverse from that of endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhao Guo
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fujito
- Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Nagasaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Misako Okumura
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Chihara
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kozue Hamao
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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7
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Fujise K, Noguchi S, Takeda T. Centronuclear Myopathy Caused by Defective Membrane Remodelling of Dynamin 2 and BIN1 Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116274. [PMID: 35682949 PMCID: PMC9181712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathy (CNM) is a congenital myopathy characterised by centralised nuclei in skeletal myofibers. T-tubules, sarcolemmal invaginations required for excitation-contraction coupling, are disorganised in the skeletal muscles of CNM patients. Previous studies showed that various endocytic proteins are involved in T-tubule biogenesis and their dysfunction is tightly associated with CNM pathogenesis. DNM2 and BIN1 are two causative genes for CNM that encode essential membrane remodelling proteins in endocytosis, dynamin 2 and BIN1, respectively. In this review, we overview the functions of dynamin 2 and BIN1 in T-tubule biogenesis and discuss how their dysfunction in membrane remodelling leads to CNM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshiro Fujise
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8001, USA;
| | - Satoru Noguchi
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo 187-8502, Japan;
| | - Tetsuya Takeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Shikata-cho 2-5-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-7125; Fax: +81-86-235-7126
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8
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Hamasaki E, Wakita N, Yasuoka H, Nagaoka H, Morita M, Takashima E, Uchihashi T, Takeda T, Abe T, Lee JW, Iimura T, Saleem MA, Ogo N, Asai A, Narita A, Takei K, Yamada H. The Lipid-Binding Defective Dynamin 2 Mutant in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Impairs Proper Actin Bundling and Actin Organization in Glomerular Podocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:884509. [PMID: 35620056 PMCID: PMC9127447 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.884509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin is an endocytic protein that functions in vesicle formation by scission of invaginated membranes. Dynamin maintains the structure of foot processes in glomerular podocytes by directly and indirectly interacting with actin filaments. However, molecular mechanisms underlying dynamin-mediated actin regulation are largely unknown. Here, biochemical and cell biological experiments were conducted to uncover how dynamin modulates interactions between membranes and actin in human podocytes. Actin-bundling, membrane tubulating, and GTPase activities of dynamin were examined in vitro using recombinant dynamin 2-wild-type (WT) or dynamin 2-K562E, which is a mutant found in Charcot-Marie-Tooth patients. Dynamin 2-WT and dynamin 2-K562E led to the formation of prominent actin bundles with constant diameters. Whereas liposomes incubated with dynamin 2-WT resulted in tubule formation, dynamin 2-K562E reduced tubulation. Actin filaments and liposomes stimulated dynamin 2-WT GTPase activity by 6- and 20-fold, respectively. Actin-filaments, but not liposomes, stimulated dynamin 2-K562E GTPase activity by 4-fold. Self-assembly-dependent GTPase activity of dynamin 2-K562E was reduced to one-third compared to that of dynamin 2-WT. Incubation of liposomes and actin with dynamin 2-WT led to the formation of thick actin bundles, which often bound to liposomes. The interaction between lipid membranes and actin bundles by dynamin 2-K562E was lower than that by dynamin 2-WT. Dynamin 2-WT partially colocalized with stress fibers and actin bundles based on double immunofluorescence of human podocytes. Dynamin 2-K562E expression resulted in decreased stress fiber density and the formation of aberrant actin clusters. Dynamin 2-K562E colocalized with α-actinin-4 in aberrant actin clusters. Reformation of stress fibers after cytochalasin D-induced actin depolymerization and washout was less effective in dynamin 2-K562E-expressing cells than that in dynamin 2-WT. Bis-T-23, a dynamin self-assembly enhancer, was unable to rescue the decreased focal adhesion numbers and reduced stress fiber density induced by dynamin 2-K562E expression. These results suggest that the low affinity of the K562E mutant for lipid membranes, and atypical self-assembling properties, lead to actin disorganization in HPCs. Moreover, lipid-binding and self-assembly of dynamin 2 along actin filaments are required for podocyte morphology and functions. Finally, dynamin 2-mediated interactions between actin and membranes are critical for actin bundle formation in HPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Hamasaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Natsuki Wakita
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yasuoka
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hikaru Nagaoka
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Morita
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Eizo Takashima
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Takeda
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Abe
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Iimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Moin A Saleem
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Naohisa Ogo
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Narita
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohji Takei
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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9
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Dahhan DA, Reynolds GD, Cárdenas JJ, Eeckhout D, Johnson A, Yperman K, Kaufmann WA, Vang N, Yan X, Hwang I, Heese A, De Jaeger G, Friml J, Van Damme D, Pan J, Bednarek SY. Proteomic characterization of isolated Arabidopsis clathrin-coated vesicles reveals evolutionarily conserved and plant-specific components. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2150-2173. [PMID: 35218346 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.16.460678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) facilitate the internalization of material from the cell surface as well as the movement of cargo in post-Golgi trafficking pathways. This diversity of functions is partially provided by multiple monomeric and multimeric clathrin adaptor complexes that provide compartment and cargo selectivity. The adaptor-protein assembly polypeptide-1 (AP-1) complex operates as part of the secretory pathway at the trans-Golgi network (TGN), while the AP-2 complex and the TPLATE complex jointly operate at the plasma membrane to execute clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Key to our further understanding of clathrin-mediated trafficking in plants will be the comprehensive identification and characterization of the network of evolutionarily conserved and plant-specific core and accessory machinery involved in the formation and targeting of CCVs. To facilitate these studies, we have analyzed the proteome of enriched TGN/early endosome-derived and endocytic CCVs isolated from dividing and expanding suspension-cultured Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cells. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis results were validated by differential chemical labeling experiments to identify proteins co-enriching with CCVs. Proteins enriched in CCVs included previously characterized CCV components and cargos such as the vacuolar sorting receptors in addition to conserved and plant-specific components whose function in clathrin-mediated trafficking has not been previously defined. Notably, in addition to AP-1 and AP-2, all subunits of the AP-4 complex, but not AP-3 or AP-5, were found to be in high abundance in the CCV proteome. The association of AP-4 with suspension-cultured Arabidopsis CCVs is further supported via additional biochemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana A Dahhan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Gregory D Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jessica J Cárdenas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Alexander Johnson
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Klaas Yperman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Walter A Kaufmann
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Nou Vang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Xu Yan
- College Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Antje Heese
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Jianwei Pan
- College Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sebastian Y Bednarek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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10
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Prichard KL, O'Brien NS, Murcia SR, Baker JR, McCluskey A. Role of Clathrin and Dynamin in Clathrin Mediated Endocytosis/Synaptic Vesicle Recycling and Implications in Neurological Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:754110. [PMID: 35115907 PMCID: PMC8805674 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.754110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is a process essential to the health and well-being of cell. It is required for the internalisation and sorting of “cargo”—the macromolecules, proteins, receptors and lipids of cell signalling. Clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME) is one of the key processes required for cellular well-being and signalling pathway activation. CME is key role to the recycling of synaptic vesicles [synaptic vesicle recycling (SVR)] in the brain, it is pivotal to signalling across synapses enabling intracellular communication in the sensory and nervous systems. In this review we provide an overview of the general process of CME with a particular focus on two key proteins: clathrin and dynamin that have a central role to play in ensuing successful completion of CME. We examine these two proteins as they are the two endocytotic proteins for which small molecule inhibitors, often of known mechanism of action, have been identified. Inhibition of CME offers the potential to develop therapeutic interventions into conditions involving defects in CME. This review will discuss the roles and the current scope of inhibitors of clathrin and dynamin, providing an insight into how further developments could affect neurological disease treatments.
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11
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Tassin TC, Barylko B, Hedde PN, Chen Y, Binns DD, James NG, Mueller JD, Jameson DM, Taussig R, Albanesi JP. Gain-of-Function Properties of a Dynamin 2 Mutant Implicated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:745940. [PMID: 34744632 PMCID: PMC8563704 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.745940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding dynamin 2 (DNM2), a GTPase that catalyzes membrane constriction and fission, are associated with two autosomal-dominant motor disorders, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and centronuclear myopathy (CNM), which affect nerve and muscle, respectively. Many of these mutations affect the pleckstrin homology domain of DNM2, yet there is almost no overlap between the sets of mutations that cause CMT or CNM. A subset of CMT-linked mutations inhibit the interaction of DNM2 with phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate, which is essential for DNM2 function in endocytosis. In contrast, CNM-linked mutations inhibit intramolecular interactions that normally suppress dynamin self-assembly and GTPase activation. Hence, CNM-linked DNM2 mutants form abnormally stable polymers and express enhanced assembly-dependent GTPase activation. These distinct effects of CMT and CNM mutations are consistent with current findings that DNM2-dependent CMT and CNM are loss-of-function and gain-of-function diseases, respectively. In this study, we present evidence that at least one CMT-causing DNM2 mutant (ΔDEE; lacking residues 555DEE557) forms polymers that, like the CNM mutants, are resistant to disassembly and display enhanced GTPase activation. We further show that the ΔDEE mutant undergoes 2-3-fold higher levels of tyrosine phosphorylation than wild-type DNM2. These results suggest that molecular mechanisms underlying the absence of pathogenic overlap between DNM2-dependent CMT and CNM should be re-examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara C. Tassin
- Department of Pharmacology, U.T. Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Barbara Barylko
- Department of Pharmacology, U.T. Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Per Niklas Hedde
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Derk D. Binns
- Department of Pharmacology, U.T. Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Nicholas G. James
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Joachim D. Mueller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - David M. Jameson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Ronald Taussig
- Department of Pharmacology, U.T. Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Joseph P. Albanesi
- Department of Pharmacology, U.T. Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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12
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Baratam K, Jha K, Srivastava A. Flexible pivoting of dynamin pleckstrin homology domain catalyzes fission: insights into molecular degrees of freedom. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1306-1319. [PMID: 33979205 PMCID: PMC8351549 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-12-0794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal dynamin1 functions in the release of synaptic vesicles by orchestrating the process of GTPase-dependent membrane fission. Dynamin1 associates with the plasma membrane–localized phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) through the centrally located pleckstrin homology domain (PHD). The PHD is dispensable as fission (in model membranes) can be managed, even when the PHD-PIP2 interaction is replaced by a generic polyhistidine- or polylysine-lipid interaction. However, the absence of the PHD renders a dramatic dampening of the rate of fission. These observations suggest that the PHD-PIP2–containing membrane interaction could have evolved to expedite fission to fulfill the requirement of rapid kinetics of synaptic vesicle recycling. Here, we use a suite of multiscale modeling approaches to explore PHD–membrane interactions. Our results reveal that 1) the binding of PHD to PIP2-containing membranes modulates the lipids toward fission-favoring conformations and softens the membrane, and 2) PHD associates with membrane in multiple orientations using variable loops as pivots. We identify a new loop (VL4), which acts as an auxiliary pivot and modulates the orientation flexibility of PHD on the membrane—a mechanism that we believe may be important for high-fidelity dynamin collar assembly. Together, these insights provide a molecular-level understanding of the catalytic role of PHD in dynamin-mediated membrane fission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirtika Jha
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Anand Srivastava
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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13
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Kar UP, Dey H, Rahaman A. Cardiolipin targets a dynamin-related protein to the nuclear membrane. eLife 2021; 10:64416. [PMID: 33661098 PMCID: PMC7946437 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamins are targeted to specific cellular membranes that they remodel via membrane fusion or fission. The molecular basis of conferring specificity to dynamins for their target membrane selection is not known. Here, we report a mechanism of nuclear membrane recruitment of Drp6, a dynamin member in Tetrahymena thermophila. Recruitment of Drp6 depends on a domain that binds to cardiolipin (CL)-rich bilayers. Consistent with this, nuclear localization of Drp6 was inhibited either by depleting cellular CL or by substituting a single amino acid residue that abolished Drp6 interactions with CL. Inhibition of CL synthesis, or perturbation in Drp6 recruitment to nuclear membrane, caused defects in the formation of new macronuclei post-conjugation. Taken together, our results elucidate a molecular basis of target membrane selection by a nuclear dynamin and establish the importance of a defined membrane-binding domain and its target lipid in facilitating nuclear expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Pallabi Kar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research-HBNI, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Himani Dey
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research-HBNI, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Abdur Rahaman
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research-HBNI, Bhubaneswar, India
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14
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Ford MGJ, Chappie JS. The structural biology of the dynamin-related proteins: New insights into a diverse, multitalented family. Traffic 2019; 20:717-740. [PMID: 31298797 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin-related proteins are multidomain, mechanochemical GTPases that self-assemble and orchestrate a wide array of cellular processes. Over the past decade, structural insights from X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy have reshaped our mechanistic understanding of these proteins. Here, we provide a historical perspective on these advances that highlights the structural attributes of different dynamin family members and explores how these characteristics affect GTP hydrolysis, conformational coupling and oligomerization. We also discuss a number of lingering challenges remaining in the field that suggest future directions of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn G J Ford
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua S Chappie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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15
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Jimah JR, Hinshaw JE. Structural Insights into the Mechanism of Dynamin Superfamily Proteins. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:257-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Li L, Kołodziej T, Jafari N, Chen J, Zhu H, Rajfur Z, Huang C. Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation regulates phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type I γ 90 activity and cell invasion. FASEB J 2018; 33:631-642. [PMID: 30040488 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800296r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type I γ (PIPKIγ90) regulates cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. However, it is unknown how cellular signals regulate those processes. Here, we show that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a protein kinase that regulates cell migration and invasion, phosphorylates PIPKIγ90 at S453, and that Cdk5-mediated PIPKIγ90 phosphorylation is essential for cell invasion. Moreover, Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation down-regulates the activity of PIPKIγ90 and the secretion of fibronectin, an extracellular matrix protein that regulates cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, inhibition of PIPKIγ activity with the chemical inhibitor UNC3230 suppresses fibronectin secretion in a dose-dependent manner, whereas depletion of Cdk5 enhances fibronectin secretion. With total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we found that secreted fibronectin appears as round dots, which colocalize with Tks5 and CD9 but not with Zyxin. These data suggest that Cdk5-mediated PIPKIγ90 phosphorylation regulates cell invasion by controlling PIPKIγ90 activity and fibronectin secretion.-Li, L., Kołodziej, T., Jafari, N., Chen, J., Zhu, H., Rajfur, Z., Huang, C. Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation regulates phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type I γ 90 activity and cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Li
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tomasz Kołodziej
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Naser Jafari
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; and
| | - Haining Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; and
| | - Zenon Rajfur
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Cai Huang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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17
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Lu B, Kennedy B, Clinton RW, Wang EJ, McHugh D, Stepanyants N, Macdonald PJ, Mears JA, Qi X, Ramachandran R. Steric interference from intrinsically disordered regions controls dynamin-related protein 1 self-assembly during mitochondrial fission. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10879. [PMID: 30022112 PMCID: PMC6051998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-assembling, mechanoenzymatic dynamin superfamily GTPase, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), catalyzes mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission. Distinct intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in Drp1 substitute for the canonical pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and proline-rich domain (PRD) of prototypical dynamin, which cooperatively regulate endocytic vesicle scission. Whether the Drp1 IDRs function analogously to the corresponding dynamin domains however remains unknown. We show that an IDR unique to the Drp1 GTPase (G) domain, the 'extended 80-loop', albeit dissimilar in location, structure, and mechanism, functions akin to the dynamin PRD by enabling stable Drp1 mitochondrial recruitment and by suppressing Drp1 cooperative GTPase activity in the absence of specific partner-protein interactions. Correspondingly, we find that another IDR, the Drp1 variable domain (VD), in conjunction with the conserved stalk L1N loop, functions akin to the dynamin PH domain; first, in an 'auto-inhibitory' capacity that restricts Drp1 activity through a long-range steric inhibition of helical inter-rung G-domain dimerization, and second, as a 'fulcrum' for Drp1 self-assembly in the proper helical register. We show that the Drp1 VD is necessary and sufficient for specific Drp1-phospholipid interactions. We further demonstrate that the membrane-dependent VD conformational rearrangement essential for the alleviation of Drp1 auto-inhibition is contingent upon the basal GTP hydrolysis-dependent generation of Drp1 dimers from oligomers in solution. IDRs thus conformationally couple the enzymatic and membrane activities of Drp1 toward membrane fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Bridget Kennedy
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ryan W Clinton
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Emily Jue Wang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Daniel McHugh
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Natalia Stepanyants
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Patrick J Macdonald
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jason A Mears
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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18
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Wang H, Lo WT, Vujičić Žagar A, Gulluni F, Lehmann M, Scapozza L, Haucke V, Vadas O. Autoregulation of Class II Alpha PI3K Activity by Its Lipid-Binding PX-C2 Domain Module. Mol Cell 2018; 71:343-351.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Brereton E, Fassi E, Araujo GC, Dodd J, Telegrafi A, Pathak SJ, Shinawi M. Mutations in the PH Domain of DNM1 are associated with a nonepileptic phenotype characterized by developmental delay and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:294-300. [PMID: 29397573 PMCID: PMC5902389 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dynamin 1 is a protein involved in the synaptic vesicle cycle, which facilitates the exocytosis of neurotransmitters necessary for normal signaling and development in the central nervous system. Pathogenic variants in DNM1 have been implicated in global developmental delay (DD), severe intellectual disability (ID), and notably, epileptic encephalopathy. All previously reported DNM1 pathogenic variants causing this severe phenotype occur in the GTPase and Middle domains of the dynamin 1 protein. Methods We used whole‐exome sequencing to characterize the molecular basis of DD and autistic symptoms in two identical siblings. Results The twin siblings exhibit mild to moderate ID and autistic symptoms but no epileptic encephalopathy. Exome sequencing revealed a genetic variant, c.1603A>G (p.Lys535Glu), in the PH domain of dynamin 1. Previous in vitro studies showed that mutations at Lys535 inhibit endocytosis and impair PH loop binding to PIP2. Conclusions Our data suggest a previously undescribed milder phenotype associated with a missense genetic variant in the PH domain of dynamin 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Brereton
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emily Fassi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gabriel C Araujo
- Department of Psychology, St Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan Dodd
- Department of Psychology, St Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Sheel J Pathak
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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20
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Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that continually adapt their morphology by fusion and fission events. An imbalance between fusion and fission has been linked to major neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases. A member of the Dynamin superfamily, dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), a dynamin-related GTPase, is required for mitochondrial membrane fission. Self-assembly of DRP1 into oligomers in a GTP-dependent manner likely drives the division process. We show here that DRP1 self-assembles in two ways: i) in the presence of the non-hydrolysable GTP analog GMP-PNP into spiral-like structures of ~36 nm diameter; and ii) in the presence of GTP into rings composed of 13-18 monomers. The most abundant rings were composed of 16 monomers and had an outer and inner ring diameter of ~30 nm and ~20 nm, respectively. Three-dimensional analysis was performed with rings containing 16 monomers. The single-particle cryo-electron microscopy map of the 16 monomer DRP1 rings suggests a side-by-side assembly of the monomer with the membrane in a parallel fashion. The inner ring diameter of 20 nm is insufficient to allow four membranes to exist as separate entities. Furthermore, we observed that mitochondria were tubulated upon incubation with DRP1 protein in vitro. The tubes had a diameter of ~ 30nm and were decorated with protein densities. These findings suggest DRP1 tubulates mitochondria, and that additional steps may be required for final mitochondrial fission.
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21
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Dar S, Pucadyil TJ. The pleckstrin-homology domain of dynamin is dispensable for membrane constriction and fission. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 28:152-160. [PMID: 28035046 PMCID: PMC5221619 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-09-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical dynamins engage in rapid vesicle release during synaptic vesicle recycling and contain a lipid-binding domain called the pleckstrin-homology domain (PHD). An analysis of a reengineered dynamin construct lacking the PHD shows that the PHD acts as a catalyst to enhance the rates of dynamin-induced membrane fission. Classical dynamins bind the plasma membrane–localized phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate using the pleckstrin-homology domain (PHD) and engage in rapid membrane fission during synaptic vesicle recycling. This domain is conspicuously absent among extant bacterial and mitochondrial dynamins, however, where loop regions manage membrane recruitment. Inspired by the core design of bacterial and mitochondrial dynamins, we reengineered the classical dynamin by replacing its PHD with a polyhistidine or polylysine linker. Remarkably, when recruited via chelator or anionic lipids, respectively, the reengineered dynamin displayed the capacity to constrict and sever membrane tubes. However, when analyzed at single-event resolution, the tube-severing process displayed long-lived, highly constricted prefission intermediates that contributed to 10-fold reduction in bulk rates of membrane fission. Our results indicate that the PHD acts as a catalyst in dynamin-induced membrane fission and rationalize its adoption to meet the physiologic requirement of a fast-acting membrane fission apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Dar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pashan, Pune Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Thomas J Pucadyil
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pashan, Pune Maharashtra 411008, India
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22
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Moustaq L, Smaczynska-de Rooij II, Palmer SE, Marklew CJ, Ayscough KR. Insights into dynamin-associated disorders through analysis of equivalent mutations in the yeast dynamin Vps1. MICROBIAL CELL 2016; 3:147-158. [PMID: 28357347 PMCID: PMC5349089 DOI: 10.15698/mic2016.04.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The dynamins represent a superfamily of proteins that have been shown to function
in a wide range of membrane fusion and fission events. An increasing number of
mutations in the human classical dynamins, Dyn-1 and Dyn-2 has been reported,
with diseases caused by these changes ranging from Charcot-Marie-Tooth disorder
to epileptic encephalopathies. The budding yeast, Saccharomyces
cerevisiae expresses a single dynamin-related protein that
functions in membrane trafficking, and is considered to play a similar role to
Dyn-1 and Dyn-2 during scission of endocytic vesicles at the plasma membrane.
Large parts of the dynamin protein are highly conserved across species and this
has enabled us in this study to select a number of disease causing mutations and
to generate equivalent mutations in Vps1. We have then studied these mutants
using both cellular and biochemical assays to ascertain functions of the protein
that have been affected by the changes. Specifically, we demonstrate that the
Vps1-G397R mutation (Dyn-2 G358R) disrupts protein oligomerization, Vps1-A447T
(Dyn-1 A408T) affects the scission stage of endocytosis, while Vps1-R298L (Dyn-1
R256L) affects lipid binding specificity and possibly an early stage in
endocytosis. Overall, we consider that the yeast model will potentially provide
an avenue for rapid analysis of new dynamin mutations in order to understand the
underlying mechanisms that they disrupt
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Moustaq
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Sarah E Palmer
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Kathryn R Ayscough
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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23
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Macdonald PJ, Francy CA, Stepanyants N, Lehman L, Baglio A, Mears JA, Qi X, Ramachandran R. Distinct Splice Variants of Dynamin-related Protein 1 Differentially Utilize Mitochondrial Fission Factor as an Effector of Cooperative GTPase Activity. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:493-507. [PMID: 26578513 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.680181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple isoforms of the mitochondrial fission GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) arise from the alternative splicing of its single gene-encoded pre-mRNA transcript. Among these, the longer Drp1 isoforms, expressed selectively in neurons, bear unique polypeptide sequences within their GTPase and variable domains, known as the A-insert and the B-insert, respectively. Their functions remain unresolved. A comparison of the various biochemical and biophysical properties of the neuronally expressed isoforms with that of the ubiquitously expressed, and shortest, Drp1 isoform (Drp1-short) has revealed the effect of these inserts on Drp1 function. Utilizing various biochemical, biophysical, and cellular approaches, we find that the A- and B-inserts distinctly alter the oligomerization propensity of Drp1 in solution as well as the preferred curvature of helical Drp1 self-assembly on membranes. Consequently, these sequences also suppress Drp1 cooperative GTPase activity. Mitochondrial fission factor (Mff), a tail-anchored membrane protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane that recruits Drp1 to sites of ensuing fission, differentially stimulates the disparate Drp1 isoforms and alleviates the autoinhibitory effect imposed by these sequences on Drp1 function. Moreover, the differential stimulatory effects of Mff on Drp1 isoforms are dependent on the mitochondrial lipid, cardiolipin (CL). Although Mff stimulation of the intrinsically cooperative Drp1-short isoform is relatively modest, CL-independent, and even counter-productive at high CL concentrations, Mff stimulation of the much less cooperative longest Drp1 isoform (Drp1-long) is robust and occurs synergistically with increasing CL content. Thus, membrane-anchored Mff differentially regulates various Drp1 isoforms by functioning as an allosteric effector of cooperative GTPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher A Francy
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | | | - Lance Lehman
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics
| | | | - Jason A Mears
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Xin Qi
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, and
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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24
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A high-throughput platform for real-time analysis of membrane fission reactions reveals dynamin function. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1588-96. [PMID: 26479317 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin, the paradigmatic membrane fission catalyst, assembles as helical scaffolds that hydrolyse GTP to sever the tubular necks of clathrin-coated pits. Using a facile assay system of supported membrane tubes (SMrT) engineered to mimic the dimensions of necks of clathrin-coated pits, we monitor the dynamics of a dynamin-catalysed tube-severing reaction in real time using fluorescence microscopy. We find that GTP hydrolysis by an intact helical scaffold causes progressive constriction of the underlying membrane tube. On reaching a critical dimension of 7.3 nm in radius, the tube undergoes scission and concomitant splitting of the scaffold. In a constant GTP turnover scenario, scaffold assembly and GTP hydrolysis-induced tube constriction are kinetically inseparable events leading to tube-severing reactions occurring at timescales similar to the characteristic fission times seen in vivo. We anticipate SMrT templates to allow dynamic fluorescence-based detection of conformational changes occurring in self-assembling proteins that remodel membranes.
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Reubold TF, Faelber K, Plattner N, Posor Y, Ketel K, Curth U, Schlegel J, Anand R, Manstein DJ, Noé F, Haucke V, Daumke O, Eschenburg S. Crystal structure of the dynamin tetramer. Nature 2015; 525:404-8. [PMID: 26302298 DOI: 10.1038/nature14880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanochemical protein dynamin is the prototype of the dynamin superfamily of large GTPases, which shape and remodel membranes in diverse cellular processes. Dynamin forms predominantly tetramers in the cytosol, which oligomerize at the neck of clathrin-coated vesicles to mediate constriction and subsequent scission of the membrane. Previous studies have described the architecture of dynamin dimers, but the molecular determinants for dynamin assembly and its regulation have remained unclear. Here we present the crystal structure of the human dynamin tetramer in the nucleotide-free state. Combining structural data with mutational studies, oligomerization measurements and Markov state models of molecular dynamics simulations, we suggest a mechanism by which oligomerization of dynamin is linked to the release of intramolecular autoinhibitory interactions. We elucidate how mutations that interfere with tetramer formation and autoinhibition can lead to the congenital muscle disorders Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy and centronuclear myopathy, respectively. Notably, the bent shape of the tetramer explains how dynamin assembles into a right-handed helical oligomer of defined diameter, which has direct implications for its function in membrane constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Reubold
- Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Katja Faelber
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Kristallographie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nuria Plattner
- Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - York Posor
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Ketel
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Curth
- Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Forschungseinrichtung Strukturanalyse, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeanette Schlegel
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Kristallographie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roopsee Anand
- Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dietmar J Manstein
- Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Forschungseinrichtung Strukturanalyse, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Noé
- Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Daumke
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Kristallographie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Eschenburg
- Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Posor Y, Eichhorn-Grünig M, Haucke V. Phosphoinositides in endocytosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:794-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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27
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Francy CA, Alvarez FJD, Zhou L, Ramachandran R, Mears JA. The mechanoenzymatic core of dynamin-related protein 1 comprises the minimal machinery required for membrane constriction. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11692-703. [PMID: 25770210 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.610881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that continually undergo cycles of fission and fusion. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a large GTPase of the dynamin superfamily, is the main mediator of mitochondrial fission. Like prototypical dynamin, Drp1 is composed of a mechanochemical core consisting of the GTPase, middle, and GTPase effector domain regions. In place of the pleckstrin homology domain in dynamin, however, Drp1 contains an unstructured variable domain, whose function is not yet fully resolved. Here, using time-resolved EM and rigorous statistical analyses, we establish the ability of full-length Drp1 to constrict lipid bilayers through a GTP hydrolysis-dependent mechanism. We also show the variable domain limits premature Drp1 assembly in solution and promotes membrane curvature. Furthermore, the mechanochemical core of Drp1, absent of the variable domain, is sufficient to mediate GTP hydrolysis-dependent membrane constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Francy
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, and
| | - Frances J D Alvarez
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, and
| | - Louie Zhou
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, and
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, and the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Jason A Mears
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, and
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28
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Wu CY, Lin MW, Wu DC, Huang YB, Huang HT, Chen CL. The role of phosphoinositide-regulated actin reorganization in chemotaxis and cell migration. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5541-54. [PMID: 25420930 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for cell motility and chemotaxis. Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) and membrane lipids, especially phosphoinositides PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 are involved in the regulation of this reorganization. At least 15 ABPs have been reported to interact with, or regulated by phosphoinositides (PIPs) whose synthesis is regulated by extracellular signals. Recent studies have uncovered several parallel intracellular signalling pathways that crosstalk in chemotaxing cells. Here, we review the roles of ABPs and phosphoinositides in chemotaxis and cell migration. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cytoskeleton, Extracellular Matrix, Cell Migration, Wound Healing and Related Topics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Wu
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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29
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Shin NY, Choi H, Neff L, Wu Y, Saito H, Ferguson SM, De Camilli P, Baron R. Dynamin and endocytosis are required for the fusion of osteoclasts and myoblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 207:73-89. [PMID: 25287300 PMCID: PMC4195819 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201401137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin function is essential for cell–cell fusion in both osteoclast precursors and myoblasts in part through its effects on endocytosis. Cell–cell fusion is an evolutionarily conserved process that leads to the formation of multinucleated myofibers, syncytiotrophoblasts and osteoclasts, allowing their respective functions. Although cell–cell fusion requires the presence of fusogenic membrane proteins and actin-dependent cytoskeletal reorganization, the precise machinery allowing cells to fuse is still poorly understood. Using an inducible knockout mouse model to generate dynamin 1– and 2–deficient primary osteoclast precursors and myoblasts, we found that fusion of both cell types requires dynamin. Osteoclast and myoblast cell–cell fusion involves the formation of actin-rich protrusions closely associated with clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the apposed cell. Furthermore, impairing endocytosis independently of dynamin also prevented cell–cell fusion. Since dynamin is involved in both the formation of actin-rich structures and in endocytosis, our results indicate that dynamin function is central to the osteoclast precursors and myoblasts fusion process, and point to an important role of endocytosis in cell–cell fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nah-Young Shin
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hyewon Choi
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Lynn Neff
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Shawn M Ferguson
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
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30
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Abstract
Dynamin is a large GTPase that mediates plasma membrane fission during clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Dynamin assembles into polymers on the necks of budding membranes in cells and has been shown to undergo GTP-dependent conformational changes that lead to membrane fission in vitro. Recent efforts have shed new light on the mechanisms of dynamin-mediated fission, yet exactly how dynamin performs this function in vivo is still not fully understood. Dynamin interacts with a number of proteins during the endocytic process. These interactions are mediated by the C-terminal proline-rich domain (PRD) of dynamin binding to SH3 domain-containing proteins. Three of these dynamin-binding partners (intersectin, amphiphysin and endophilin) have been shown to play important roles in the clathrin-mediated endocytosis process. They promote dynamin-mediated plasma membrane fission by regulating three important sequential steps in the process: recruitment of dynamin to sites of endocytosis; assembly of dynamin into a functional fission complex at the necks of clathrin-coated pits (CCPs); and regulation of dynamin-stimulated GTPase activity, a key requirement for fission.
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31
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Mulcahy LA, Pink RC, Carter DRF. Routes and mechanisms of extracellular vesicle uptake. J Extracell Vesicles 2014; 3:24641. [PMID: 25143819 PMCID: PMC4122821 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v3.24641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1752] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles released by donor cells that can be taken up by recipient cells. Despite their discovery decades ago, it has only recently become apparent that EVs play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. EVs can carry a range of nucleic acids and proteins which can have a significant impact on the phenotype of the recipient. For this phenotypic effect to occur, EVs need to fuse with target cell membranes, either directly with the plasma membrane or with the endosomal membrane after endocytic uptake. EVs are of therapeutic interest because they are deregulated in diseases such as cancer and they could be harnessed to deliver drugs to target cells. It is therefore important to understand the molecular mechanisms by which EVs are taken up into cells. This comprehensive review summarizes current knowledge of EV uptake mechanisms. Cells appear to take up EVs by a variety of endocytic pathways, including clathrin-dependent endocytosis, and clathrin-independent pathways such as caveolin-mediated uptake, macropinocytosis, phagocytosis, and lipid raft–mediated internalization. Indeed, it seems likely that a heterogeneous population of EVs may gain entry into a cell via more than one route. The uptake mechanism used by a given EV may depend on proteins and glycoproteins found on the surface of both the vesicle and the target cell. Further research is needed to understand the precise rules that underpin EV entry into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ann Mulcahy
- Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ryan Charles Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - David Raul Francisco Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Briguglio JS, Turkewitz AP. Tetrahymena thermophila: a divergent perspective on membrane traffic. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2014; 322:500-16. [PMID: 24634411 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahymena thermophila, a member of the Ciliates, represents a class of organisms distantly related from commonly used model organisms in cell biology, and thus offers an opportunity to explore potentially novel mechanisms and their evolution. Ciliates, like all eukaryotes, possess a complex network of organelles that facilitate both macromolecular uptake and secretion. The underlying endocytic and exocytic pathways are key mediators of a cell's interaction with its environment, and may therefore show niche-specific adaptations. Our laboratory has taken a variety of approaches to identify key molecular determinants for membrane trafficking pathways in Tetrahymena. Studies of Rab GTPases, dynamins, and sortilin-family receptors substantiate the widespread conservation of some features but also uncover surprising roles for lineage-restricted innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Briguglio
- The Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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33
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Mehrotra N, Nichols J, Ramachandran R. Alternate pleckstrin homology domain orientations regulate dynamin-catalyzed membrane fission. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:879-90. [PMID: 24478459 PMCID: PMC3952856 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-09-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolated dynamin PH domain is an assembly-independent sensor of membrane curvature but not a curvature generator. In full-length dynamin, the PH alternates between two different orientations on the membrane surface during the GTP hydrolysis cycle, causing dramatic fluctuations in the diameter of dynamin polymers. The self-assembling GTPase dynamin catalyzes endocytic vesicle scission via membrane insertion of its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PH domain–dependent membrane fission remain obscure. Membrane-curvature–sensing and membrane-curvature–generating properties have been attributed, but it remains to be seen whether the PH domain is involved in either process independent of dynamin self-assembly. Here, using multiple fluorescence spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, we demonstrate that the isolated PH domain does not act to bend membranes but instead senses high membrane curvature through hydrophobic insertion into the membrane bilayer. Furthermore, we use a complementary set of short- and long-distance Förster resonance energy transfer approaches to distinguish PH-domain orientation from proximity at the membrane surface in full-length dynamin. We reveal, in addition to the GTP-sensitive “hydrophobic mode,” the presence of an alternate, GTP-insensitive “electrostatic mode” of PH domain–membrane interactions that retains dynamin on the membrane surface during the GTP hydrolysis cycle. Stabilization of this alternate orientation produces dramatic variations in the morphology of membrane-bound dynamin spirals, indicating that the PH domain regulates membrane fission through the control of dynamin polymer dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Mehrotra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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34
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Tan J, Oh K, Burgess J, Hipfner DR, Brill JA. PI4KIIIα is required for cortical integrity and cell polarity during Drosophila oogenesis. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:954-66. [PMID: 24413170 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.129031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides regulate myriad cellular processes, acting as potent signaling molecules in conserved signaling pathways and as organelle gatekeepers that recruit effector proteins to membranes. Phosphoinositide-generating enzymes have been studied extensively in yeast and cultured cells, yet their roles in animal development are not well understood. Here, we analyze Drosophila melanogaster phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIα (PI4KIIIα) during oogenesis. We demonstrate that PI4KIIIα is required for production of plasma membrane PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2 and is crucial for actin organization, membrane trafficking and cell polarity. Female germ cells mutant for PI4KIIIα exhibit defects in cortical integrity associated with failure to recruit the cytoskeletal-membrane crosslinker Moesin and the exocyst subunit Sec5. These effects reflect a unique requirement for PI4KIIIα, as egg chambers from flies mutant for either of the other Drosophila PI4Ks, fwd or PI4KII, show Golgi but not plasma membrane phenotypes. Thus, PI4KIIIα is a vital regulator of a functionally distinct pool of PtdIns4P that is essential for PtdIns(4,5)P2-dependent processes in Drosophila development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Tan
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL, 686 Bay Street, Room 15.9716, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
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Zhang C, Omran AG, He F, Deng X, Wu L, Peng J, Yin F. Screening and identification of dynamin-1 interacting proteins in rat brain synaptosomes. Brain Res 2013; 1543:17-27. [PMID: 24211660 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dynamin-1 is a multi-domain GTPase that is crucial for the fission stage of synaptic vesicle recycling and vesicle trafficking. In this study, we constructed prokaryotic expression plasmids for the four functional domains of dynamin-1, which are pGEX-4T-2-PH, pGEX-4T-2-PRD, pGEX-4T-2-GED and pGEX-4T-2-GTPase. Glutathione S-transferase pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to screen and identify dynamin-1 interacting proteins in rat brain synaptosomes. We identified a set of 63 candidate protein interactions, including 36 proteins interacting with dynamin-1 C-terminal proline-rich domain (PRD), 14 with pleckstrin-homology domain (PH), 7 with GTPase effector domain (GED) and 6 with GTPase domain, consisting of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, metabolic enzymes and other proteins. We selected three previously unreported dynamin-1 interacting proteins to verify their interaction with dynamin-1 under native conditions. Using co-IP, we found that Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor (Rab GDI) and chloride channel 3 (ClC-3) do interact with dynamin-1, but not with TUC-4b (the TOAD-64/Ulip/CRMP (TUC) family member). Those novel interactions detected in our study offer valuable insight into the protein-protein interacting network that could enhance our understanding of dynamin-1 mediated synaptic vesicle recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciliu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| | - Ahmed Galal Omran
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| | - Xiaolu Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Hunan 410008, PR China.
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McGeachie AB, Odell LR, Quan A, Daniel JA, Chau N, Hill TA, Gorgani NN, Keating DJ, Cousin MA, van Dam EM, Mariana A, Whiting A, Perera S, Novelle A, Young KA, Deane FM, Gilbert J, Sakoff JA, Chircop M, McCluskey A, Robinson PJ. Pyrimidyn compounds: dual-action small molecule pyrimidine-based dynamin inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:1507-18. [PMID: 23642287 DOI: 10.1021/cb400137p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin is required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Its GTPase activity is stimulated by phospholipid binding to its PH domain, which induces helical oligomerization. We have designed a series of novel pyrimidine-based "Pyrimidyn" compounds that inhibit the lipid-stimulated GTPase activity of full length dynamin I and II with similar potency. The most potent analogue, Pyrimidyn 7, has an IC50 of 1.1 μM for dynamin I and 1.8 μM for dynamin II, making it among the most potent dynamin inhibitors identified to date. We investigated the mechanism of action of the Pyrimidyn compounds in detail by examining the kinetics of Pyrimidyn 7 inhibition of dynamin. The compound competitively inhibits both GTP and phospholipid interactions with dynamin I. While both mechanisms of action have been previously observed separately, this is the first inhibitor series to incorporate both and thereby to target two distinct domains of dynamin. Pyrimidyn 6 and 7 reversibly inhibit CME of both transferrin and EGF in a number of non-neuronal cell lines as well as inhibiting synaptic vesicle endocytosis (SVE) in nerve terminals. Therefore, Pyrimidyn compounds block endocytosis by directly competing with GTP and lipid binding to dynamin, limiting both the recruitment of dynamin to membranes and its activation. This dual mode of action provides an important new tool for molecular dissection of dynamin's role in endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. McGeachie
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Luke R. Odell
- Centre for Chemical Biology,
Chemistry, The University of Newcastle,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Annie Quan
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - James A. Daniel
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ngoc Chau
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Hill
- Centre for Chemical Biology,
Chemistry, The University of Newcastle,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Nick N. Gorgani
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Damien J. Keating
- Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001,
Australia
| | - Michael A. Cousin
- Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001,
Australia
| | - Ellen M. van Dam
- The Garvan Institute, 384 Victoria Street,
Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Anna Mariana
- Centre for Chemical Biology,
Chemistry, The University of Newcastle,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | | | - Swetha Perera
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Aimee Novelle
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Kelly A. Young
- Centre for Chemical Biology,
Chemistry, The University of Newcastle,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Fiona M. Deane
- Centre for Chemical Biology,
Chemistry, The University of Newcastle,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jayne Gilbert
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298,
Australia
| | - Jennette A. Sakoff
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298,
Australia
| | - Megan Chircop
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Centre for Chemical Biology,
Chemistry, The University of Newcastle,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Phillip J. Robinson
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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37
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Dynamin-catalyzed membrane fission requires coordinated GTP hydrolysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55691. [PMID: 23383266 PMCID: PMC3561337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin is the most-studied membrane fission machinery and has served as a paradigm for studies of other fission GTPases; however, several critical questions regarding its function remain unresolved. In particular, because most dynamin GTPase domain mutants studied to date equally impair both basal and assembly-stimulated GTPase activities, it has been difficult to distinguish their respective roles in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) or in dynamin catalyzed membrane fission. Here we compared a new dynamin mutant, Q40E, which is selectively impaired in assembly-stimulated GTPase activity with S45N, a GTP-binding mutant equally defective in both basal and assembly-stimulated GTPase activities. Both mutants potently inhibit CME and effectively recruit other endocytic accessory proteins to stalled coated pits. However, the Q40E mutant blocks at a later step than S45N, providing additional evidence that GTP binding and/or basal GTPase activities of dynamin are required throughout clathrin coated pit maturation. Importantly, using in vitro assays for assembly-stimulated GTPase activity and membrane fission, we find that the latter is much more potently inhibited by both dominant-negative mutants than the former. These studies establish that efficient fission from supported bilayers with excess membrane reservoir (SUPER) templates requires coordinated GTP hydrolysis across two rungs of an assembled dynamin collar.
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Kierdaszuk B, Berdynski M, Karolczak J, Redowicz MJ, Zekanowski C, Kaminska AM. A novel mutation in the DNM2 gene impairs dynamin 2 localization in skeletal muscle of a patient with late onset centronuclear myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2013; 23:219-28. [PMID: 23374900 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathies constitute a group of heterogeneous congenital myopathies characterized by the presence of abnormal, centrally located nuclei within muscle fibers. Centronuclear myopathies can be caused by mutations of several different genes, including DNM2, encoding dynamin 2 (DNM2) a large GTPase involved in membrane trafficking and endocytosis. We report a 52-year-old female with slowly progressive muscle weakness, and a family history of the disease. Clinical, morphological, biochemical and genetic analyses of the proband and her family members were performed, including analyses of the proband's muscle biopsy. A novel D614N mutation, located in the C-terminal region pleckstrin-homology (PH) domain of DNM2 was identified in the proband and four family members, who exhibited similar symptoms. The mutation was associated with profound changes in the localization of DNM2 in muscle fibers without significant changes in protein expression. Mutated DNM2 and proteins involved in the membrane trafficking or membrane compartments maintenance were dislocalized within the myofiber, and concentrated at centrally located nuclei. This novel causative mutation (D614N) within the DNM2 gene in a large Polish centronuclear myopathy family with a late age of overt clinical manifestation caused profound changes in DNM2 localization and impaired proper organization of myofibers, and skeletal muscle functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biruta Kierdaszuk
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
Neurons can sustain high rates of synaptic transmission without exhausting their supply of synaptic vesicles. This property relies on a highly efficient local endocytic recycling of synaptic vesicle membranes, which can be reused for hundreds, possibly thousands, of exo-endocytic cycles. Morphological, physiological, molecular, and genetic studies over the last four decades have provided insight into the membrane traffic reactions that govern this recycling and its regulation. These studies have shown that synaptic vesicle endocytosis capitalizes on fundamental and general endocytic mechanisms but also involves neuron-specific adaptations of such mechanisms. Thus, investigations of these processes have advanced not only the field of synaptic transmission but also, more generally, the field of endocytosis. This article summarizes current information on synaptic vesicle endocytosis with an emphasis on the underlying molecular mechanisms and with a special focus on clathrin-mediated endocytosis, the predominant pathway of synaptic vesicle protein internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Saheki
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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Scheffzek K, Welti S. Pleckstrin homology (PH) like domains - versatile modules in protein-protein interaction platforms. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2662-73. [PMID: 22728242 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The initial reports on pleckstrin homology (PH) domains almost 20 years ago described them as sequence feature of proteins involved in signal transduction processes. Investigated at first along the phospholipid binding properties of a small subset of PH representatives, the PH fold turned out to appear as mediator of phosphotyrosine and polyproline peptide binding to other signaling proteins. While phospholipid binding now seems rather the exception among PH-like domains, protein-protein interactions established as more and more important feature of these modules. In this review we focus on the PH superfold as a versatile protein-protein interaction platform and its three-dimensional integration in an increasing number of available multidomain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Scheffzek
- Division Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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41
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Coutinho-Budd J, Ghukasyan V, Zylka MJ, Polleux F. The F-BAR domains from srGAP1, srGAP2 and srGAP3 regulate membrane deformation differently. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:3390-401. [PMID: 22467852 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.098962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination of membrane deformation and cytoskeletal dynamics lies at the heart of many biological processes critical for cell polarity, motility and morphogenesis. We have recently shown that Slit-Robo GTPase-activating protein 2 (srGAP2) regulates neuronal morphogenesis through the ability of its F-BAR domain to regulate membrane deformation and induce filopodia formation. Here, we demonstrate that the F-BAR domains of two closely related family members, srGAP1 and srGAP3 [designated F-BAR(1) and F-BAR(3), respectively] display significantly different membrane deformation properties in non-neuronal COS7 cells and in cortical neurons. F-BAR(3) induces filopodia in both cell types, though less potently than F-BAR(2), whereas F-BAR(1) prevents filopodia formation in cortical neurons and reduces plasma membrane dynamics. These three F-BAR domains can heterodimerize, and they act synergistically towards filopodia induction in COS7 cells. As measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, F-BAR(2) displays faster molecular dynamics than F-BAR(3) and F-BAR(1) at the plasma membrane, which correlates well with its increased potency to induce filopodia. We also show that the molecular dynamic properties of F-BAR(2) at the membrane are partially dependent on F-Actin. Interestingly, acute phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P(2)] depletion in cells does not interfere with plasma membrane localization of F-BAR(2), which is compatible with our result showing that F-BAR(2) binds to a broad range of negatively-charged phospholipids present at the plasma membrane, including phosphatidylserine (PtdSer). Overall, our results provide novel insights into the functional diversity of the membrane deformation properties of this subclass of F-BAR-domains required for cell morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeda Coutinho-Budd
- Neurobiology Curriculum University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7250, USA
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42
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Tóth DJ, Tóth JT, Gulyás G, Balla A, Balla T, Hunyady L, Várnai P. Acute depletion of plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate impairs specific steps in endocytosis of the G-protein-coupled receptor. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:2185-97. [PMID: 22357943 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.097279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor endocytosis plays an important role in regulating the responsiveness of cells to specific ligands. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P(2)] has been shown to be crucial for endocytosis of some cell surface receptors, such as EGF and transferrin receptors, but its role in G-protein-coupled receptor internalization has not been investigated. By using luciferase-labeled type 1 angiotensin II (AT1R), type 2C serotonin (5HT2CR) or β(2) adrenergic (β2AR) receptors and fluorescently tagged proteins (β-arrestin-2, plasma-membrane-targeted Venus, Rab5) we were able to follow the sequence of molecular interactions along the endocytic route of the receptors in HEK293 cells using the highly sensitive method of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer and confocal microscopy. To study the role of plasma membrane PtdIns(4,5)P(2) in receptor endocytosis, we used our previously developed rapamycin-inducible heterodimerization system, in which the recruitment of a 5-phosphatase domain to the plasma membrane degrades PtdIns(4,5)P(2). Here we show that ligand-induced interaction of AT1, 5HT2C and β(2)A receptors with β-arrestin-2 was unaffected by PtdIns(4,5)P(2) depletion. However, trafficking of the receptors to Rab5-positive early endosomes was completely abolished in the absence of PtdIns(4,5)P(2). Remarkably, removal of the receptors from the plasma membrane was reduced but not eliminated after PtdIns(4,5)P(2) depletion. Under these conditions, stimulated AT1 receptors clustered along the plasma membrane, but did not enter the cells. Our data suggest that in the absence of PtdIns(4,5)P(2), these receptors move into clathrin-coated membrane structures, but these are not cleaved efficiently and hence cannot reach the early endosomal compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel J Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Eleniste PP, Du L, Shivanna M, Bruzzaniti A. Dynamin and PTP-PEST cooperatively regulate Pyk2 dephosphorylation in osteoclasts. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:790-800. [PMID: 22342188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone loss is caused by the dysregulated activity of osteoclasts which degrade the extracellular bone matrix. The tyrosine kinase Pyk2 is highly expressed in osteoclasts, and mice lacking Pyk2 exhibit an increase in bone mass, in part due to impairment of osteoclast function. Pyk2 is activated by phosphorylation at Y402 following integrin activation, but the mechanisms leading to Pyk2 dephosphorylation are poorly understood. In the current study, we examined the mechanism of action of the dynamin GTPase on Pyk2 dephosphorylation. Our studies reveal a novel mechanism for the interaction of Pyk2 with dynamin, which involves the binding of Pyk2's FERM domain with dynamin's plextrin homology domain. In addition, we demonstrate that the dephosphorylation of Pyk2 requires dynamin's GTPase activity and is mediated by the tyrosine phosphatase PTP-PEST. The dephosphorylation of Pyk2 by dynamin and PTP-PEST may be critical for terminating outside-in integrin signaling, and for stabilizing cytoskeletal reorganization during osteoclast bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre P Eleniste
- Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Ferguson SM, De Camilli P. Dynamin, a membrane-remodelling GTPase. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2012; 13:75-88. [PMID: 22233676 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 693] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dynamin, the founding member of a family of dynamin-like proteins (DLPs) implicated in membrane remodelling, has a critical role in endocytic membrane fission events. The use of complementary approaches, including live-cell imaging, cell-free studies, X-ray crystallography and genetic studies in mice, has greatly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms by which dynamin acts, its essential roles in cell physiology and the specific function of different dynamin isoforms. In addition, several connections between dynamin and human disease have also emerged, highlighting specific contributions of this GTPase to the physiology of different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Ferguson
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
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45
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Cellular Mechanisms for the Biogenesis and Transport of Synaptic and Dense-Core Vesicles. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 299:27-115. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394310-1.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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46
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Abstract
Dynamin-related proteins (DRPs) are multi-domain GTPases that function via oligomerization and GTP-dependent conformational changes to play central roles in regulating membrane structure across phylogenetic kingdoms. How DRPs harness self-assembly and GTP-dependent conformational changes to remodel membranes is not understood. Here we present the crystal structure of an assembly-deficient mammalian endocytic DRP, dynamin 1, lacking the proline-rich domain, in its nucleotide-free state. The dynamin 1 monomer is an extended structure with the GTPase domain and bundle signalling element positioned on top of a long helical stalk with the pleckstrin homology domain flexibly attached on its opposing end. Dynamin 1 dimer and higher order dimer multimers form via interfaces located in the stalk. Analysis of these interfaces provides insight into DRP family member specificity and regulation and provides a framework for understanding the biogenesis of higher order DRP structures and the mechanism of DRP-mediated membrane scission events.
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Faelber K, Posor Y, Gao S, Held M, Roske Y, Schulze D, Haucke V, Noé F, Daumke O. Crystal structure of nucleotide-free dynamin. Nature 2011; 477:556-60. [PMID: 21927000 DOI: 10.1038/nature10369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin is a mechanochemical GTPase that oligomerizes around the neck of clathrin-coated pits and catalyses vesicle scission in a GTP-hydrolysis-dependent manner. The molecular details of oligomerization and the mechanism of the mechanochemical coupling are currently unknown. Here we present the crystal structure of human dynamin 1 in the nucleotide-free state with a four-domain architecture comprising the GTPase domain, the bundle signalling element, the stalk and the pleckstrin homology domain. Dynamin 1 oligomerized in the crystals via the stalks, which assemble in a criss-cross fashion. The stalks further interact via conserved surfaces with the pleckstrin homology domain and the bundle signalling element of the neighbouring dynamin molecule. This intricate domain interaction rationalizes a number of disease-related mutations in dynamin 2 and suggests a structural model for the mechanochemical coupling that reconciles previous models of dynamin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Faelber
- Crystallography, Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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48
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McMahon HT, Boucrot E. Molecular mechanism and physiological functions of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2011; 12:517-33. [PMID: 21779028 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1520] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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49
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Shih YL, Huang KF, Lai HM, Liao JH, Lee CS, Chang CM, Mak HM, Hsieh CW, Lin CC. The N-terminal amphipathic helix of the topological specificity factor MinE is associated with shaping membrane curvature. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21425. [PMID: 21738659 PMCID: PMC3124506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pole-to-pole oscillations of the Min proteins in Escherichia coli are required for the proper placement of the division septum. Direct interaction of MinE with the cell membrane is critical for the dynamic behavior of the Min system. In vitro, this MinE-membrane interaction led to membrane deformation; however, the underlying mechanism remained unclear. Here we report that MinE-induced membrane deformation involves the formation of an amphipathic helix of MinE2–9, which, together with the adjacent basic residues, function as membrane anchors. Biochemical evidence suggested that the membrane association induces formation of the helix, with the helical face, consisting of A2, L3, and F6, inserted into the membrane. Insertion of this helix into the cell membrane can influence local membrane curvature and lead to drastic changes in membrane topology. Accordingly, MinE showed characteristic features of protein-induced membrane tubulation and lipid clustering in in vitro reconstituted systems. In conclusion, MinE shares common protein signatures with a group of membrane trafficking proteins in eukaryotic cells. These MinE signatures appear to affect membrane curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Shih
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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50
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Sammons MR, James ML, Clayton JE, Sladewski TE, Sirotkin V, Lord M. A calmodulin-related light chain from fission yeast that functions with myosin-I and PI 4-kinase. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:2466-77. [PMID: 21693583 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.067850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fission yeast myosin-I (Myo1p) not only associates with calmodulin, but also employs a second light chain called Cam2p. cam2Δ cells exhibit defects in cell polarity and growth consistent with a loss of Myo1p function. Loss of Cam2p leads to a reduction in Myo1p levels at endocytic patches and a 50% drop in the rates of Myo1p-driven actin filament motility. Thus, Cam2p plays a significant role in Myo1p function. However, further studies indicated the existence of an additional Cam2p-binding partner. Cam2p was still present at cortical patches in myo1Δ cells (or in myo1-IQ2 mutants, which lack an intact Cam2p-binding motif), whereas a cam2 null (cam2Δ) suppressed cytokinesis defects of an essential light chain (ELC) mutant known to be impaired in binding to PI 4-kinase (Pik1p). Binding studies revealed that Cam2p and the ELC compete for Pik1p. Cortical localization of Cam2p in the myo1Δ background relied on its association with Pik1p, whereas overexpression studies indicated that Cam2p, in turn, contributes to Pik1p function. The fact that the Myo1p-associated defects of a cam2Δ mutant are more potent than those of a myo1-IQ2 mutant suggests that myosin light chains can contribute to actomyosin function both directly and indirectly (via phospholipid synthesis at sites of polarized growth).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Sammons
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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