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Tanaka H, Funahashi J, Hirano T. Live-cell imaging of endocytosed synaptophysin around individual hippocampal presynaptic active zones. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1277729. [PMID: 37927445 PMCID: PMC10620501 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1277729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In presynaptic terminals 4 types of endocytosis, kiss-and-run, clathrin-mediated, bulk and ultrafast endocytosis have been reported to maintain repetitive exocytosis of neurotransmitter. However, detailed characteristics and relative contribution of each type of endocytosis still need to be determined. Our previous live-cell imaging study demonstrated individual exocytosis events of synaptic vesicle within an active-zone-like membrane (AZLM) formed on glass using synaptophysin tagged with a pH-sensitive fluorescent protein. On the other hand, individual endocytosis events of postsynaptic receptors were recorded with a rapid extracellular pH exchange method. Combining these methods, here we live-cell imaged endocytosed synaptophysin with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy in rat hippocampal culture preparations. Clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis, which was seemingly bulk endocytosis, occurred within several seconds after electrical stimulation at multiple locations around AZLM at room temperature, with the locations varying trial to trial. The contribution of clathrin-independent endocytosis was more prominent when the number of stimulation pulses was large. The skewness of synaptophysin distribution in intracellular vesicles became smaller after addition of a clathrin inhibitor, which suggests that clathrin-dependent endocytosis concentrates synaptophysin. Ultrafast endocytosis was evident immediately after stimulation only at near physiological temperature and was the predominant endocytosis when the number of stimulation pulses was small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Tanaka
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junichiro Funahashi
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoo Hirano
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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2
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Gou X, Zhang Y, Xing Z, Ma C, Mao C, Zhu JJ. Site-selective heat boosting electrochemiluminescence for single cell imaging. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9074-9085. [PMID: 37655029 PMCID: PMC10466305 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02298f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In operando visualization of local electrochemical reactions provides mechanical insights into the dynamic transport of interfacial charge and reactant/product. Electrochemiluminescence is a crossover technique that quantitatively determines Faraday current and mass transport in a straightforward manner. However, the sensitivity is hindered by the low collision efficiency of radicals and side reactions at high voltage. Here, we report a site-selective heat boosting electrochemiluminescence microscopy. By generating a micron-scale heat point in situ at the electrode-solution interface, we achieved an enhancement of luminescence intensity up to 63 times, along with an advance of 0.2 V in applied voltage. Experimental results and finite element simulation demonstrate that the fundamental reasons are accelerated reaction rate and thermal convection via a photothermal effect. The concentrated electrochemiluminescence not only boosts the contrast of single cells by 20.54 times but also enables the site-selective cell-by-cell analysis of the heterogeneous membrane protein abundance. This electrochemical visualization method has great potential in the highly sensitive and selective analysis of local electron transfer events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Zejing Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Changjie Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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3
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Chutturi M, Gillela S, Yadav SM, Wibowo ES, Sihag K, Rangppa SM, Bhuyar P, Siengchin S, Antov P, Kristak L, Sinha A. A comprehensive review of the synthesis strategies, properties, and applications of transparent wood as a renewable and sustainable resource. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161067. [PMID: 36565890 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The uncertainties of the environment and the emission levels of nonrenewable resources have compelled humanity to develop sustainable energy savers and sustainable materials. One of the most abundant and versatile bio-based structural materials is wood. Wood has several promising advantages, including high toughness, low thermal conductivity, low density, high Young's modulus, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. Furthermore, while wood has many ecological and structural advantages, it does not meet optical transparency requirements. Transparent wood is ideal for use in various industries, including electronics, packaging, automotive, and construction, due to its high transparency, haze, and environmental friendliness. As a necessary consequence, current research on developing fine wood is summarized in this review. This review begins with an explanation of the history of fine wood. The concept and various synthesis strategies, such as delignification, refractive index measurement methods, and transparent lumber polymerization, are discussed. Approaches and techniques for the characterization of transparent wood are outlined, including microscopic, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Furthermore, the characterization, physical properties, mechanical properties, optical properties, and thermal conductivity of transparent wood are emphasized. Eventually, a brief overview of the various applications of fine wood is presented. The present review summarized the first necessary actions toward future transparent wood applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Chutturi
- Department of Forest Products and Utilization, Forest College and Research Institute, Hyderabad 502279, Telangana, India
| | - Swetha Gillela
- Department of Forest Products and Utilization, Forest College and Research Institute, Hyderabad 502279, Telangana, India
| | - Sumit Manohar Yadav
- Department of Forest Products and Utilization, Forest College and Research Institute, Hyderabad 502279, Telangana, India; Centre of Advanced Materials, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Eko Setio Wibowo
- Research Center for Biomaterials, National Research and Innovation of Indonesia, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; Department of Wood and Paper Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kapil Sihag
- Department of Forest Products and Utilization, Forest College and Research Institute, Hyderabad 502279, Telangana, India
| | - Sanjay Mavinkere Rangppa
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), 10800 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prakash Bhuyar
- International College (MJU-IC), Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), 10800 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Petar Antov
- Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lubos Kristak
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Arijit Sinha
- Department of Wood Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, 234 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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4
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van Heerden B, Kruger T. Theoretical comparison of real-time feedback-driven single-particle tracking techniques. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:084111. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0096729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time feedback-driven single-particle tracking is a technique that uses feedbackcontrol to enable single-molecule spectroscopy of freely diffusing particles in nativeor near-native environments. A number of different RT-FD-SPT approaches exist,and comparisons between methods based on experimental results are of limited usedue to differences in samples and setups. In this study, we used statistical calcu-lations and dynamical simulations to directly compare the performance of differentmethods. The methods considered were the orbital method, the Knight's Tour (gridscan) method and MINFLUX, and we considered both fluorescence-based and inter-ferometric scattering (iSCAT) approaches. There is a fundamental trade-off betweenprecision and speed, with the Knight's Tour method being able to track the fastestdiffusion but with low precision, and MINFLUX being the most precise but onlytracking slow diffusion. To compare iSCAT and fluorescence, different biologicalsamples were considered, including labeled and intrinsically fluorescent samples. Thesuccess of iSCAT as compared to fluorescence is strongly dependent on the particlesize and the density and photophysical properties of the fluorescent particles. Usinga wavelength for iSCAT that is negligibly absorbed by the tracked particle allowsan increased illumination intensity, which results in iSCAT providing better trackingfor most samples. This work highlights the fundamental aspects of performance inRT-FD-SPT and should assist with the selection of an appropriate method for a par-ticular application. The approach used can easily be extended to other RT-FD-SPTmethods.
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Pandard J, Pan N, Ait-Yahiatène E, Grimaud L, Lemaître F, Guille-Collignon M. From FFN dual probe screening to ITO microdevice for exocytosis monitoring: electrochemical and fluorescence requirements. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Na Pan
- PSL: Universite PSL Chemistry FRANCE
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Xu Y, Jin L, Toomre D. Imaging Single-Vesicle Exocytosis with Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (TIRFM). Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2473:157-164. [PMID: 35819765 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2209-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) provides extremely thin optical sectioning with excellent signal-to-noise ratios, which allows for visualization of membrane dynamics at the cell surface with superb spatiotemporal resolution. In this chapter, TIRFM is used to record and analyze exocytosis of single glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) containing vesicles in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Luhong Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Derek Toomre
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Khakalo A, Mäkelä T, Johansson LS, Orelma H, Tammelin T. High-Throughput Tailoring of Nanocellulose Films: From Complex Bio-Based Materials to Defined Multifunctional Architectures. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7428-7438. [PMID: 33225237 PMCID: PMC7673207 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates a high-throughput approach to fabricate nanocellulose films with multifunctional performance using conventionally existing unit operations. The approach comprises cast-coating and direct interfacial atmospheric plasma-assisted gas-phase modification along with the microscale patterning technique (nanoimprint lithography, NIL), all applied in roll-to-roll mode, to introduce organic functionalities in conjunction with structural manipulation. Our strategy results in multifunctional cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) films in which the high optical transmittance (∼90%) is retained while the haze can be adjusted (2-35%). Concomitantly, the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance can be tuned (50-21 mJ/m2 with the water contact angle ranging from ∼20 up to ∼120°), while intrinsic hygroscopicity of CNF films is not significantly compromised. Therefore, a challenge to produce multifunctional bio-based materials with properties defined by various high-performance applications conjoined to the lack of efficient processing strategies is elucidated. Overall, economically and ecologically viable strategy, which was realized by facile and upscalable unit operations using the R2R technology, is introduced to expand the properties' spaces and thus offer a vast variety of interesting applications for CNF films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Khakalo
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 4E, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tapio Mäkelä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 3, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Leena-Sisko Johansson
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Hannes Orelma
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 4E, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 4E, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
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Khakalo A, Tanaka A, Korpela A, Orelma H. Delignification and Ionic Liquid Treatment of Wood toward Multifunctional High-Performance Structural Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:23532-23542. [PMID: 32337962 PMCID: PMC7660570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Wood-based multifunctional materials with excellent mechanical performance are increasingly considered for sustainable advanced applications due to their unique hierarchical structure and inherent reinforcing cellulose phase orientation. Nonetheless, a wider multipurpose utilization of wood materials is so far hampered because of constraints arising from scalable functionalization, efficient processing, facile shaping as well asnatural heterogeneity and durability. This study introduces a multifunctional all-wood material fabrication method relying on delignification, ionic liquid (IL) treatment, and pressure-assisted consolidation of wood. Structure-retaining controlled delignification of wood was performed to enable direct access to the hierarchical cellulose assembly, while preserving the highly aligned and thus beneficial wood structural directionality. As a following step, the obtained biobased scaffold with an increased porosity was infiltrated with an IL and heat-activated to partially dissolve and soften the cellulose fiber surface. Samples washed with water to remove IL exhibited pronounced isotropic flexibility, which upon combined compression and lateral shear allowed the fabrication of various 3D shapes with adjustable fiber architecture. The obtained very compact and totally additive-free all-wood materials were extensively characterized, revealing superior mechanical performance, and gained multifunctionality compared to native wood.
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9
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Jin L, Zhao F, Lin W, Zhou X, Kuang C, Nedzved A, Ablameyko S, Liu X, Xu Y. Development of fan‐shaped tracker for single particle tracking. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:1056-1065. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luhong Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness AppraisalZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Fengqiang Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness AppraisalZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Wanni Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness AppraisalZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness AppraisalZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Cuifang Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Alexander Nedzved
- National Academy of Sciences, United Institute of Informatics ProblemsBelarusian State University Minsk 220012 Republic of Belarus
| | - Sergey Ablameyko
- National Academy of Sciences, United Institute of Informatics ProblemsBelarusian State University Minsk 220012 Republic of Belarus
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yingke Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness AppraisalZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310016 China
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10
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Cui MR, Zhao W, Li XL, Xu CH, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Simultaneous monitoring of action potentials and neurotransmitter release from neuron-like PC12 cells. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1105:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Swaminathan D, Dickinson GD, Demuro A, Parker I. Noise analysis of cytosolic calcium image data. Cell Calcium 2019; 86:102152. [PMID: 31918030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellular Ca2+ signals are often constrained to cytosolic micro- or nano-domains where stochastic openings of Ca2+ channels cause large fluctuations in local Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+ 'noise'). With the advent of TIRF microscopy to image the fluorescence of Ca2+-sensitive probes from attoliter volumes it has become possible to directly monitor these signals, which closely track the gating of plasmalemmal and ER Ca2+-permeable channels. Nevertheless, it is likely that many physiologically important Ca2+ signals are too small to resolve as discrete events in fluorescence recordings. By analogy with noise analysis of electrophysiological data, we explore here the use of statistical approaches to detect and analyze such Ca2+ noise in images obtained using Ca2+-sensitive indicator dyes. We describe two techniques - power spectrum analysis and spatio-temporal correlation - and demonstrate that both effectively identify discrete, spatially localized calcium release events (Ca2+ puffs). Moreover, we show they are able to detect localized noise fluctuations in a case where discrete events cannot directly be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Swaminathan
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA92697, USA.
| | - George D Dickinson
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA92697, USA
| | - Angelo Demuro
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA92697, USA
| | - Ian Parker
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA92697, USA; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA92697, USA
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12
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Ding H, Guo W, Su B. Imaging Cell‐Matrix Adhesions and Collective Migration of Living Cells by Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:449-456. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Weiliang Guo
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
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13
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Ding H, Guo W, Su B. Imaging Cell‐Matrix Adhesions and Collective Migration of Living Cells by Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Weiliang Guo
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
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14
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Chien FC, Lin CY, Abrigo G. Enhancing the blinking fluorescence of single-molecule localization imaging by using a surface-plasmon-polariton-enhanced substrate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:27245-27255. [PMID: 30182107 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02942c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution imaging based on single-molecule localization microscopy combined with the surface plasmon polariton (SPP)-enhanced fluorescence of spontaneously blinking fluorophores was demonstrated to visualize the nanoscale-level positioning information of cell-adhesion-associated proteins. Glass substrates with a deposited silver layer were utilized to induce a SPP-enhanced field on the silver surface and significantly strengthen the fluorescence signals of the fluorophores by more than 300%. The illumination power density for localization imaging at a spatial resolution of 25 ± 11 nm was 31.6 W cm-2. This low illumination power density will facilitate the reduction of phototoxicity of the biospecimens for single-molecule localization imaging. The proposed strategy provides a uniform distribution of the SPP-enhanced field on the silver surface, enabling visualization of the spatial distribution of labeled proteins without interference caused by the enhanced field distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Ching Chien
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
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15
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Combs CA, Shroff H. Fluorescence Microscopy: A Concise Guide to Current Imaging Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 79:2.1.1-2.1.25. [DOI: 10.1002/cpns.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Combs
- NHLBI Light Microscopy Facility, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
| | - Hari Shroff
- NIBIB Section on High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
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16
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Sum CH, Shortall SM, Nicastro JA, Slavcev R. Specific Systems for Imaging. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2018; 110:69-97. [PMID: 30536227 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78259-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microscopy allows for the characterization of small objects invisible to the naked eye, a technique that, since its conception, has played a key role in the development across nearly every field of science and technology. Given the nanometer size of the materials explored in the field of nanotechnology, the contributions of modern microscopes that can visualize these materials are indispensable, and the ever-improving technology is paramount to the future success of the field. This chapter will focus on four fundamental areas of microscopy used in the field of nanotechnology including fluorescence microscopy (Sect. 3.1), particle tracking and photoactivated localization microscopy (Sect. 3.2), quantum dots and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (Sect. 3.3), and cellular MRI and PET labeling (Sect. 3.4). The functionality, as well as the current and recommended usage of each given imaging system, will be discussed.
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Pandey V, Gupta S, Elangovan R. Compact 3D printed module for fluorescence and label-free imaging using evanescent excitation. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2017; 6:015007. [PMID: 29076809 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aa967a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is widely used for selective excitation and high-resolution imaging of fluorophores, and more recently label-free nanosized objects, with high vertical confinement near a liquid-solid interface. Traditionally, high numerical aperture objectives (>1.4) are used to simultaneously generate evanescent waves and collect fluorescence emission signals which limits their use to small area imaging (<0.1 mm2). Objective-based TIRFs are also expensive as they require dichroic mirrors and efficient notch filters to prevent specular reflection within the objective lenses. We have developed a compact 3D module called cTIRF that can generate evanescent waves in microscope glass slides via a planar waveguide illumination. The module can be attached as a fixture to any existing optical microscope, converting it into a TIRF and enabling high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) fluorescence imaging using any magnification objective. As the incidence optics is perpendicular to the detector, label-free evanescent scattering-based imaging of submicron objects can also be performed without using emission filters. SNR is significantly enhanced in this case as compared to cTIRF alone, as seen through our model experiments performed on latex beads and mammalian cells. Extreme flexibility and the low cost of our approach makes it scalable for limited resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Pandey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
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Dynamic Ca 2+ imaging with a simplified lattice light-sheet microscope: A sideways view of subcellular Ca 2+ puffs. Cell Calcium 2017; 71:34-44. [PMID: 29604962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe the construction of a simplified, inexpensive lattice light-sheet microscope, and illustrate its use for imaging subcellular Ca2+ puffs evoked by photoreleased i-IP3 in cultured SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells loaded with the Ca2+ probe Cal520. The microscope provides sub-micron spatial resolution and enables recording of local Ca2+ transients in single-slice mode with a signal-to-noise ratio and temporal resolution (2ms) at least as good as confocal or total internal reflection microscopy. Signals arising from openings of individual IP3R channels are clearly resolved, as are stepwise changes in fluorescence reflecting openings and closings of individual channels during puffs. Moreover, by stepping the specimen through the light-sheet, the entire volume of a cell can be scanned within a few hundred ms. The ability to directly visualize a sideways (axial) section through cells directly reveals that IP3-evoked Ca2+ puffs originate at sites in very close (≤a few hundred nm) to the plasma membrane, suggesting they play a specific role in signaling to the membrane.
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Das T, Bhattacharya K. Refractive index profilometry using the total internally reflected light field. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:9241-9246. [PMID: 29216096 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.009241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A full-field polarization-based technique is presented for quantitative evaluation of the spatial distribution of the refractive index in macro and micro samples. The sample is mounted on a glass-air interface of a prism, illuminated by a linearly polarized collimated light beam, and two intensity frames are digitally recorded with specific orientations of an analyzer. The pair of intensity data frames captured with this simple setup is combined through an algorithm specially developed for the purpose, to yield the phase difference between the transverse electric and transverse magnetic components of the total internally reflected light field. The phase difference is then related to the refractive index of the sample. Experimental results for refractive index variations in a laser-etched glass plate and red blood corpuscles are presented. One of the salient features of the proposed technique is that the depth of measurement is dependent on the penetration depth of the sample's evanescent field, which is typically of the order of a few hundred nanometers, thereby facilitating refractive index measurements along a thin section of the sample.
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20
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Liu X, Savy A, Maurin S, Grimaud L, Darchen F, Quinton D, Labbé E, Buriez O, Delacotte J, Lemaître F, Guille-Collignon M. A Dual Functional Electroactive and Fluorescent Probe for Coupled Measurements of Vesicular Exocytosis with High Spatial and Temporal Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- Ecole normale supérieure; PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06; CNRS; Département de Chimie, PASTEUR; 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
| | - Alexandra Savy
- Ecole normale supérieure; PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06; CNRS; Département de Chimie, PASTEUR; 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
| | - Sylvie Maurin
- Ecole normale supérieure; PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06; CNRS; Département de Chimie, PASTEUR; 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
| | - Laurence Grimaud
- Ecole normale supérieure; PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06; CNRS; Département de Chimie, PASTEUR; 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
| | - François Darchen
- Laboratoire de Neurophotonique, CNRS UMR 8250; Université Paris Descartes; 45, rue des Saints-Pères 75006 Paris France
| | - Damien Quinton
- Ecole normale supérieure; PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06; CNRS; Département de Chimie, PASTEUR; 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
| | - Eric Labbé
- Ecole normale supérieure; PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06; CNRS; Département de Chimie, PASTEUR; 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
| | - Olivier Buriez
- Ecole normale supérieure; PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06; CNRS; Département de Chimie, PASTEUR; 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
| | - Jérôme Delacotte
- Ecole normale supérieure; PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06; CNRS; Département de Chimie, PASTEUR; 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
| | - Frédéric Lemaître
- Ecole normale supérieure; PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06; CNRS; Département de Chimie, PASTEUR; 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
| | - Manon Guille-Collignon
- Ecole normale supérieure; PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06; CNRS; Département de Chimie, PASTEUR; 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
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21
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Liu X, Savy A, Maurin S, Grimaud L, Darchen F, Quinton D, Labbé E, Buriez O, Delacotte J, Lemaître F, Guille-Collignon M. A Dual Functional Electroactive and Fluorescent Probe for Coupled Measurements of Vesicular Exocytosis with High Spatial and Temporal Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2366-2370. [PMID: 28117543 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Fluorescent False Neurotransmitter 102 (FFN102), a synthesized analogue of biogenic neurotransmitters, was demonstrated to show both pH-dependent fluorescence and electroactivity. To study secretory behaviors at the single-vesicle level, FFN102 was employed as a new fluorescent/electroactive dual probe in a coupled technique (amperometry and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM)). We used N13 cells, a stable clone of BON cells, to specifically accumulate FFN102 into their secretory vesicles, and then optical and electrochemical measurements of vesicular exocytosis were experimentally achieved by using indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrodes. Upon stimulation, FFN102 started to diffuse out from the acidic intravesicular microenvironment to the neutral extracellular space, leading to fluorescent emissions and to the electrochemical oxidation signals that were simultaneously collected from the ITO electrode surface. The correlation of fluorescence and amperometric signals resulting from the FFN102 probe allows real-time monitoring of single exocytotic events with both high spatial and temporal resolution. This work opens new possibilities in the investigation of exocytotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- Ecole normale supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Savy
- Ecole normale supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Maurin
- Ecole normale supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Grimaud
- Ecole normale supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France
| | - François Darchen
- Laboratoire de Neurophotonique, CNRS UMR 8250, Université Paris Descartes, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Damien Quinton
- Ecole normale supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Eric Labbé
- Ecole normale supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Buriez
- Ecole normale supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Delacotte
- Ecole normale supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Lemaître
- Ecole normale supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Manon Guille-Collignon
- Ecole normale supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France
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22
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Kondo T, Chen WJ, Schlau-Cohen GS. Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Photosynthetic Systems. Chem Rev 2017; 117:860-898. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kondo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wei Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gabriela S. Schlau-Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
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23
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Itofusa R, Tojima T, Kamiguchi H. Visualization of Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis During Semaphorin-Guided Axonal Growth. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1493:287-298. [PMID: 27787859 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6448-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) guides axonal growth during neuronal network development. Accumulating evidence indicates that Sema3A-induced growth cone collapse and repulsion involve endocytic membrane trafficking in the growth cone. It is now possible to visualize endocytic processes in living cells using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), a powerful tool for imaging dynamic subcellular events at the plasma membrane. In this chapter, we describe a method for TIRFM observation and analysis of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in growth cones of chicken dorsal root ganglion neurons that receive an extracellular concentration gradient of Sema3A in a culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rurika Itofusa
- Laboratory for Neuronal Growth Mechanisms, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takuro Tojima
- Laboratory for Neuronal Growth Mechanisms, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamiguchi
- Laboratory for Neuronal Growth Mechanisms, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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24
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Barr VA, Sherman E, Yi J, Akpan I, Rouquette-Jazdanian AK, Samelson LE. Development of nanoscale structure in LAT-based signaling complexes. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4548-4562. [PMID: 27875277 PMCID: PMC5201021 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.194886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The adapter molecule linker for activation of T cells (LAT) plays a crucial role in forming signaling complexes induced by stimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR). These multi-molecular complexes are dynamic structures that activate highly regulated signaling pathways. Previously, we have demonstrated nanoscale structure in LAT-based complexes where the adapter SLP-76 (also known as LCP2) localizes to the periphery of LAT clusters. In this study, we show that initially LAT and SLP-76 are randomly dispersed throughout the clusters that form upon TCR engagement. The segregation of LAT and SLP-76 develops near the end of the spreading process. The local concentration of LAT also increases at the same time. Both changes require TCR activation and an intact actin cytoskeleton. These results demonstrate that the nanoscale organization of LAT-based signaling complexes is dynamic and indicates that different kinds of LAT-based complexes appear at different times during T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valarie A Barr
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eilon Sherman
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Jason Yi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Itoro Akpan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Lawrence E Samelson
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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25
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Kong W, Du W, Liu K, Wang C, Liu L, Zhao Z, Luo X. Launching deep subwavelength bulk plasmon polaritons through hyperbolic metamaterials for surface imaging with a tuneable ultra-short illumination depth. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17030-17038. [PMID: 27714023 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03313j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) composed of multiple nanometal-dielectric films are proposed for launching deep subwavelength bulk plasmon polaritons (BPPs) as uniform, large area surface imaging illumination sources with a skin depth even beyond 10 nm. Benefiting from the coupled plasmon modes over a wide wavevector range in HMMs, the illumination depth could be continually tuned, simply by adjusting the incidence angle of light impinged on a grating structure for BPP excitation. As an example, the illumination depths of 19-63 nm at a light wavelength of 532 nm are demonstrated with SiO2-Ag multifilms. Moreover, the structure holds its deep subwavelength illumination depth for a broad light wavelength range, resembling that of light total internal reflection in a prism with an ultra high refractive index. Furthermore, a fluorescent nanoparticle based micro-zone system was employed for estimating the illumination depth of the HMM structure. The method is believed to provide access for surface imaging features in ultra thin layers especially for bio-samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Wenjuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaipeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Changtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Xiangang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
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26
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Ma Y, Benda A, Nicovich PR, Gaus K. Measuring membrane association and protein diffusion within membranes with supercritical angle fluorescence microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:1561-1576. [PMID: 27446675 PMCID: PMC4929661 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical angle fluorescence (SAF) detection combines the axial discrimination and exquisite signal-to-noise ratio of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) with the lateral discrimination and convenience of confocal excitation. This combination makes SAF ideal for fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) on membranes and other structures in close proximity to the coverslip. Here we report a straightforward modification of a commercial microscope to implement SAF FCS and demonstrate in both model supported lipid bilayers and cellular systems that this approach shows an increase in signal from membrane-bound fluorophores relative to fluorophores in solution, benchmarked against line-scanning FCS. SAF FCS allowed us to demonstrate that activation of the T cell receptor resulted in the recruitment of the kinase Lck to the plasma membrane as well as a reduction in Lck mobility within the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Ma
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052 Australia
- ARC Center of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Aleš Benda
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Lowy Cancer Research Center, University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- IMCF at BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Philip R. Nicovich
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052 Australia
- ARC Center of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052 Australia
- ARC Center of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052 Australia
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27
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Selective Labeling of Proteins on Living Cell Membranes Using Fluorescent Nanodiamond Probes. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6040056. [PMID: 28335184 PMCID: PMC5302567 DOI: 10.3390/nano6040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The impeccable photostability of fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) is an ideal property for use in fluorescence imaging of proteins in living cells. However, such an application requires highly specific labeling of the target proteins with FNDs. Furthermore, the surface of unmodified FNDs tends to adsorb biomolecules nonspecifically, which hinders the reliable targeting of proteins with FNDs. Here, we combined hyperbranched polyglycerol modification of FNDs with the β-lactamase-tag system to develop a strategy for selective imaging of the protein of interest in cells. The combination of these techniques enabled site-specific labeling of Interleukin-18 receptor alpha chain, a membrane receptor, with FNDs, which eventually enabled tracking of the diffusion trajectory of FND-labeled proteins on the membrane surface.
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28
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Li Y, Fu Q, Yu S, Yan M, Berglund L. Optically Transparent Wood from a Nanoporous Cellulosic Template: Combining Functional and Structural Performance. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1358-64. [PMID: 26942562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Optically transparent wood (TW) with transmittance as high as 85% and haze of 71% was obtained using a delignified nanoporous wood template. The template was prepared by removing the light-absorbing lignin component, creating nanoporosity in the wood cell wall. Transparent wood was prepared by successful impregnation of lumen and the nanoscale cellulose fiber network in the cell wall with refractive-index-matched prepolymerized methyl methacrylate (MMA). During the process, the hierarchical wood structure was preserved. Optical properties of TW are tunable by changing the cellulose volume fraction. The synergy between wood and PMMA was observed for mechanical properties. Lightweight and strong transparent wood is a potential candidate for lightweight low-cost, light-transmitting buildings and transparent solar cell windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, and §School of Information and Communication Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qiliang Fu
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, and §School of Information and Communication Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shun Yu
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, and §School of Information and Communication Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Min Yan
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, and §School of Information and Communication Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Berglund
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, and §School of Information and Communication Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Application of Variable Angle Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy to Investigate Protein Dynamics in Intact Plant Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1363:123-32. [PMID: 26577785 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3115-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Variable angle total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (VA-TIRFM) is an optical method to observe the molecular events occurring in an extremely thin region near the plasma membrane. Recently, the VA-TIRFM technique has been widely used to study fluorescently labeled target molecules in living animal and plant cells. Here, we describe the optical principle of the VA-TIRFM technique and provide a detailed experimental procedure for the study of living plant cells.
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30
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Agnarsson B, Lundgren A, Gunnarsson A, Rabe M, Kunze A, Mapar M, Simonsson L, Bally M, Zhdanov VP, Höök F. Evanescent Light-Scattering Microscopy for Label-Free Interfacial Imaging: From Single Sub-100 nm Vesicles to Live Cells. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11849-11862. [PMID: 26517791 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Advancement in the understanding of biomolecular interactions has benefited greatly from the development of surface-sensitive bioanalytical sensors. To further increase their broad impact, significant efforts are presently being made to enable label-free and specific biomolecule detection with high sensitivity, allowing for quantitative interpretation and general applicability at low cost. In this work, we have addressed this challenge by developing a waveguide chip consisting of a flat silica core embedded in a symmetric organic cladding with a refractive index matching that of water. This is shown to reduce stray light (background) scattering and thereby allow for label-free detection of faint objects, such as individual sub-20 nm gold nanoparticles as well as sub-100 nm lipid vesicles. Measurements and theoretical analysis revealed that light-scattering signals originating from single surface-bound lipid vesicles enable characterization of their sizes without employing fluorescent lipids as labels. The concept is also demonstrated for label-free measurements of protein binding to and enzymatic (phospholipase A2) digestion of individual lipid vesicles, enabling an analysis of the influence on the measured kinetics of the dye-labeling of lipids required in previous assays. Further, diffraction-limited imaging of cells (platelets) binding to a silica surface showed that distinct subcellular features could be visualized and temporally resolved during attachment, activation, and spreading. Taken together, these results underscore the versatility and general applicability of the method, which due to its simplicity and compatibility with conventional microscopy setups may reach a widespread in life science and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Agnarsson
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lundgren
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Michael Rabe
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Angelika Kunze
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen , D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mokhtar Mapar
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Simonsson
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marta Bally
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Vladimir P Zhdanov
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Fredrik Höök
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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31
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Schäfer M, Radon Y, Klein T, Herrmann S, Schwender H, Verveer PJ, Ickstadt K. A Bayesian mixture model to quantify parameters of spatial clustering. Comput Stat Data Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Fang Y. Total internal reflection fluorescence quantification of receptor pharmacology. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2015; 5:223-40. [PMID: 25922915 PMCID: PMC4493547 DOI: 10.3390/bios5020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy has been widely used as a single molecule imaging technique to study various fundamental aspects of cell biology, owing to its ability to selectively excite a very thin fluorescent volume immediately above the substrate on which the cells are grown. However, TIRF microscopy has found little use in high content screening due to its complexity in instrumental setup and experimental procedures. Inspired by the recent demonstration of label-free evanescent wave biosensors for cell phenotypic profiling and drug screening with high throughput, we had hypothesized and demonstrated that TIRF imaging is also amenable to receptor pharmacology profiling. This paper reviews key considerations and recent applications of TIRF imaging for pharmacology profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Fang
- Biochemical Technologies, Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831, USA.
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33
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Mettlen M, Danuser G. Imaging and modeling the dynamics of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 6:a017038. [PMID: 25167858 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a017038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) plays a central role in cellular homeostasis and is mediated by clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). Live-cell imaging has revealed a remarkable heterogeneity in CCP assembly kinetics, which can be used as an intrinsic source of mechanistic information on CCP regulation but also poses several major problems for unbiased analysis of CME dynamics. The backbone of unveiling the molecular control of CME is an imaging-based inventory of the full diversity of individual CCP behaviors, which requires detection and tracking of structural fiduciaries and regulatory proteins with an accuracy of >99.9%, despite very low signals. This level of confidence can only be achieved by combining appropriate imaging modalities with self-diagnostic computational algorithms for image analysis and data mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235-9039
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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34
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Woods DA, Bain CD. Total internal reflection spectroscopy for studying soft matter. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:1071-1096. [PMID: 24651911 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52817k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Total internal reflection (TIR) spectroscopy is a widely used technique to study soft matter at interfaces. This tutorial review aims to provide researchers with an overview of the principles, experimental design and applications of TIR spectroscopy to enable them to understand how this class of techniques might be used in their research. It also highlights limitations and pitfalls of TIR techniques, which will assist readers in critically analysing the literature. Techniques covered include attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), TIR fluorescence, TIR Raman scattering and cavity-enhanced techniques. Other related techniques are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Woods
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
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35
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Single-molecule and single-particle imaging of molecular motors in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2014; 105:131-59. [PMID: 25095994 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0856-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Motor proteins are multi-potent molecular machines, whose localisation, function and regulation are achieved through tightly controlled processes involving conformational changes and interactions with their tracks, cargos and binding partners. Understanding how these complex machines work requires dissection of these processes both in space and time. Complementing the traditional ensemble measurements, single-molecule assays enable the detection of rare or short-lived intermediates and molecular heterogeneities, and the measurements of subpopulation dynamics. This chapter is focusing on the fluorescence imaging of single motors and their cargo. It discusses what is required in order to achieve single-molecule imaging with high temporal and spatial resolution and how these requirements are met both in vitro and in vivo. It also presents a general overview and applied examples of the major single-molecule imaging techniques and experimental assays which have been used to study motor proteins.
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Fujimoto M, Tsutsumi N. Dynamin-related proteins in plant post-Golgi traffic. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:408. [PMID: 25237312 PMCID: PMC4154393 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Membrane traffic between two organelles begins with the formation of transport vesicles from the donor organelle. Dynamin-related proteins (DRPs), which are large multidomain GTPases, play crucial roles in vesicle formation in post-Golgi traffic. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that animal dynamins, which are members of DRP family, assemble into ring- or helix-shaped structures at the neck of a bud site on the donor membrane, where they constrict and sever the neck membrane in a GTP hydrolysis-dependent manner. While much is known about DRP-mediated trafficking in animal cells, little is known about it in plant cells. So far, two structurally distinct subfamilies of plant DRPs (DRP1 and DRP2) have been found to participate in various pathways of post-Golgi traffic. This review summarizes the structural and functional differences between these two DRP subfamilies, focusing on their molecular, cellular and developmental properties. We also discuss the molecular networks underlying the functional machinery centering on these two DRP subfamilies. Furthermore, we hope that this review will provide direction for future studies on the mechanisms of vesicle formation that are not only unique to plants but also common to eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Fujimoto
- *Correspondence: Masaru Fujimoto, Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan e-mail:
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37
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Johnson HE, Haugh JM. Quantitative analysis of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling using live-cell total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CELL BIOLOGY 2013; 61:14.14.1-14.14.24. [PMID: 24510804 DOI: 10.1002/0471143030.cb1414s61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This unit focuses on the use of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy and image analysis methods to study the dynamics of signal transduction mediated by class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) in mammalian cells. The first four protocols cover live-cell imaging experiments, image acquisition parameters, and basic image processing and segmentation. These methods are generally applicable to live-cell TIRF experiments. The remaining protocols outline more advanced image analysis methods, which were developed in our laboratory for the purpose of characterizing the spatiotemporal dynamics of PI3K signaling. These methods may be extended to analyze other cellular processes monitored using fluorescent biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath E Johnson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jason M Haugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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Kisler K, Chow RH, Dominguez R. Fluorescently-Labeled Estradiol Internalization and Membrane Trafficking in Live N-38 Neuronal Cells Visualized with Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Suppl 12. [PMID: 24353903 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.s12-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol is a steroid hormone that binds and activates estradiol receptors. Activation of these receptors is known to modulate neuronal physiology and provide neuroprotection, but it is not completely understood how estradiol mediates these actions on the nervous system. Activation of a sub-population of estradiol receptor-α (ERα), originally identified as a nuclear protein, localizes to the plasma membrane and appears to be a critical step in neuroprotection against brain injury and disease. Previously we showed that estradiol stimulates the rapid and transient trafficking of plasma membrane ERα in primary hypothalamic neurons, and internalization of membrane-impermeant estradiol (E6BSA-FITC) into cortical neuron endosomes in vitro. These findings support the concept that estradiol activates and down-regulates plasma membrane ERα by triggering endocytosis. Here, we use TIRFM (total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy) to image the trafficking of E6BSA-FITC, and GFP-labeled ERα, in live cells in real time. We show that activation of plasma membrane ERs by E6BSA-FITC result in internalization of the fluorescent ligand in live N-38 neurons, an immortalized hypothalamic cell line. Pretreatment with ER antagonist ICI 182,780 decreased the number of E6BSA-FITC labeled puncta observed. We also observed in live N-38 neurons that E6BSA-FITC co-localized with FM4-64 and LysoTracker fluorescent dyes that label endosomes and lysosomes. Our results provide further evidence that plasma membrane ERα activation results in endocytosis of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra Kisler
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, USA
| | - Robert H Chow
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, USA
| | - Reymundo Dominguez
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, USA
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40
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Yip CM. Correlative optical and scanning probe microscopies for mapping interactions at membranes. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 950:439-56. [PMID: 23086889 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-137-0_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Innovative approaches for real-time imaging on molecular-length scales are providing researchers with powerful strategies for characterizing molecular and cellular structures and dynamics. Combinatorial techniques that integrate two or more distinct imaging modalities are particularly compelling as they provide a means for overcoming the limitations of the individual modalities and, when applied simultaneously, enable the collection of rich multi-modal datasets. Almost since its inception, scanning probe microscopy has closely associated with optical microscopy. This is particularly evident in the fields of cellular and molecular biophysics where researchers are taking full advantage of these real-time, in situ, tools to acquire three-dimensional molecular-scale topographical images with nanometer resolution, while simultaneously characterizing their structure and interactions though conventional optical microscopy. The ability to apply mechanical or optical stimuli provides an additional experimental dimension that has shown tremendous promise for examining dynamic events on sub-cellular length scales. In this chapter, we describe recent efforts in developing these integrated platforms, the methodology for, and inherent challenges in, performing coupled imaging experiments, and the potential and future opportunities of these research tools for the fields of molecular and cellular biophysics with a specific emphasis on the application of these coupled approaches for the characterization of interactions occurring at membrane interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Yip
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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41
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Synaptic vesicle exocytosis in hippocampal synaptosomes correlates directly with total mitochondrial volume. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 49:223-30. [PMID: 22772899 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity in many regions of the central nervous system leads to the continuous adjustment of synaptic strength, which is essential for learning and memory. In this study, we show by visualizing synaptic vesicle release in mouse hippocampal synaptosomes that presynaptic mitochondria and, specifically, their capacities for ATP production are essential determinants of synaptic vesicle exocytosis and its magnitude. Total internal reflection microscopy of FM1-43 loaded hippocampal synaptosomes showed that inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation reduces evoked synaptic release. This reduction was accompanied by a substantial drop in synaptosomal ATP levels. However, cytosolic calcium influx was not affected. Structural characterization of stimulated hippocampal synaptosomes revealed that higher total presynaptic mitochondrial volumes were consistently associated with higher levels of exocytosis. Thus, synaptic vesicle release is linked to the presynaptic ability to regenerate ATP, which itself is a utility of mitochondrial density and activity.
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42
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Toomre D. Cellular imaging using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy: theory and instrumentation. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2012; 2012:414-24. [PMID: 22474668 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top068650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Live cell fluorescent microscopy is important in elucidating dynamic cellular processes such as cell signaling, membrane trafficking, and cytoskeleton remodeling. Often, transient intermediate states are revealed only when imaged and quantitated at the single-molecule, vesicle, or organelle level. Such insight depends on the spatiotemporal resolution and sensitivity of a given microscopy method. Confocal microscopes optically section the cell and improve image contrast and axial resolution (>600 nm) compared with conventional epifluorescence microscopes. Another approach, which can selectively excite fluorophores in an even thinner optical plane (<100 nm) is total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). The key principle of TIRFM is that a thin, exponentially decaying, evanescent field of excitation can be generated at the interface of two mediums of different refractive index (RI) (e.g., the glass coverslip and the biological specimen); as such, TIRFM is ill-suited to deep imaging of cells or tissue. However, for processes near the lower cell cortex, the sensitivity of TIRFM is exquisite. The recent availability of a very high numerical-aperture (NA) objective lens (>1.45) and turnkey TIRFM systems by all the major microscopy manufacturers has made TIRFM increasingly accessible and attractive to biologists, especially when performed in a quantitative manner and complemented with orthogonal genetic and molecular manipulations. This article discusses the optical principles of TIRFM (including a sample calculation of penetration depth), the components of a TIRFM setup, and the use of TIRFM in combination with other imaging modalities.
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Toomre D. Generating live cell data using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2012; 2012:439-46. [PMID: 22474670 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.ip068676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Live cell fluorescent microscopy is important in elucidating dynamic cellular processes such as cell signaling, membrane trafficking, and cytoskeleton remodeling. Often, transient intermediate states are revealed only when imaged and quantitated at the single-molecule, vesicle, or organelle level. Such insight depends on the spatiotemporal resolution and sensitivity of a given microscopy method. Confocal microscopes optically section the cell and improve image contrast and axial resolution (>600 nm) compared with conventional epifluorescence microscopes. Another approach, which can selectively excite fluorophores in an even thinner optical plane (<100 nm) is total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). The key principle of TIRFM is that a thin, exponentially decaying, evanescent field of excitation can be generated at the interface of two mediums of different refractive index (RI) (e.g., the glass coverslip and the biological specimen); as such, TIRFM is ill-suited to deep imaging of cells or tissue. However, for processes near the lower cell cortex, the sensitivity of TIRFM is exquisite. The recent availability of a very high numerical-aperture (NA) objective lens (>1.45) and turnkey TIRFM systems by all the major microscopy manufacturers has made TIRFM increasingly accessible and attractive to biologists, especially when performed in a quantitative manner and complemented with orthogonal genetic and molecular manipulations. This article discusses sample preparation for TIRFM, acquisition of time-lapse movies, and quantitative analysis. It also gives examples of imaging cytoskeleton dynamics and exo- and endocytosis using TIRFM.
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44
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Scott JL, Musselman CA, Adu-Gyamfi E, Kutateladze TG, Stahelin RV. Emerging methodologies to investigate lipid-protein interactions. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:247-58. [PMID: 22327461 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib00143h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membranes are composed of hundreds of different lipids, ion channels, receptors and scaffolding complexes that act as signalling and trafficking platforms for processes fundamental to life. Cellular signalling and membrane trafficking are often regulated by peripheral proteins, which reversibly interact with lipid molecules in highly regulated spatial and temporal fashions. In most cases, one or more modular lipid-binding domain(s) mediate recruitment of peripheral proteins to specific cellular membranes. These domains, of which more than 10 have been identified since 1989, harbour structurally selective lipid-binding sites. Traditional in vitro and in vivo studies have elucidated how these domains coordinate their cognate lipids and thus how the parent proteins associate with membranes. Cellular activities of peripheral proteins and subsequent physiological processes depend upon lipid binding affinities and selectivity. Thus, the development of novel sensitive and quantitative tools is essential in furthering our understanding of the function and regulation of these proteins. As this field expands into new areas such as computational biology, cellular lipid mapping, single molecule imaging, and lipidomics, there is an urgent need to integrate technologies to detail the molecular architecture and mechanisms of lipid signalling. This review surveys emerging cellular and in vitro approaches for studying protein-lipid interactions and provides perspective on how integration of methodologies directs the future development of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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46
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Brutzer H, Schwarz FW, Seidel R. Scanning evanescent fields using a pointlike light source and a nanomechanical DNA gear. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:473-478. [PMID: 22148854 DOI: 10.1021/nl203876w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of three-dimensional inhomogeneous illumination fields is a challenge in modern microscopy. Here we use a four-arm DNA junction as a nanomechanical translation stage to move a single fluorescent quantum dot through an exponentially decaying evanescent field. Recording the emission of the quantum dot within the evanescent field as well as under homogeneous illumination allows one to directly obtain the intensity distribution of the excitation field without additional deconvolution. Our method will allow the characterization of a broad range of illumination fields and to study near-field effects between small optical probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hergen Brutzer
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
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Rondas D, Tomas A, Soto-Ribeiro M, Wehrle-Haller B, Halban PA. Novel mechanistic link between focal adhesion remodeling and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:2423-36. [PMID: 22139838 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.279885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton remodeling is well known to be positively involved in glucose-stimulated pancreatic β cell insulin secretion. We have observed glucose-stimulated focal adhesion remodeling at the β cell surface and have shown this to be crucial for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. However, the mechanistic link between such remodeling and the insulin secretory machinery remained unknown and was the major aim of this study. MIN6B1 cells, a previously validated model of primary β cell function, were used for all experiments. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy revealed the glucose-responsive co-localization of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin with integrin β1 at the basal cell surface after short term stimulation. In addition, blockade of the interaction between β1 integrins and the extracellular matrix with an anti-β1 integrin antibody (Ha2/5) inhibited short term glucose-induced phosphorylation of FAK (Tyr-397), paxillin (Tyr-118), and ERK1/2 (Thr-202/Tyr-204). Pharmacological inhibition of FAK activity blocked glucose-induced actin cytoskeleton remodeling and glucose-induced disruption of the F-actin/SNAP-25 association at the plasma membrane as well as the distribution of insulin granules to regions in close proximity to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, FAK inhibition also completely blocked short term glucose-induced activation of the Akt/AS160 signaling pathway. In conclusion, these results indicate 1) that glucose-induced activation of FAK, paxillin, and ERK1/2 is mediated by β1 integrin intracellular signaling, 2) a mechanism whereby FAK mediates glucose-induced actin cytoskeleton remodeling, hence allowing docking and fusion of insulin granules to the plasma membrane, and 3) a possible functional role for the Akt/AS160 signaling pathway in the FAK-mediated regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Rondas
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Characterizing system performance in total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 769:373-86. [PMID: 21748689 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-207-6_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF-M) has become an increasingly popular tool to study events in close proximity to the cell cortex, such as cell adhesion (Axelrod, J Cell Biol 89:141-145, 1981; Gingell et al., J Cell Biol 100:1334-1338, 1985; Patel et al., J Cell Sci 121:1159-1164, 2008), actin (Bretschneider et al., Curr Biol 14:1-10, 2004; Gerisch, Biophys J 87:3493-3503, 2004; Merrifield et al., Nat Cell Biol 4:691-698, 2002), and membrane dynamics (Oheim et al., Eur Biophys J 27:83-98, 1998; Steyer et al., Nature 388:474-478, 1997; Weisswange et al., J Cell Sci 118:4375-4380, 2005). In TIRF-M, dim fluorescence from cortical structures can be imaged with high contrast despite large cytoplasmic background from the bulk of the cell body. With any imaging method, standard samples are required to ensure correct alignment and monitor system performance over time. Here, we describe procedures for the production and use of a test sample to characterise and optimize TIRF system performance.
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Vizcay-Barrena G, Webb SED, Martin-Fernandez ML, Wilson ZA. Subcellular and single-molecule imaging of plant fluorescent proteins using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:5419-28. [PMID: 21865179 PMCID: PMC3223039 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) has been proven to be an extremely powerful technique in animal cell research for generating high contrast images and dynamic protein conformation information. However, there has long been a perception that TIRFM is not feasible in plant cells because the cell wall would restrict the penetration of the evanescent field and lead to scattering of illumination. By comparative analysis of epifluorescence and TIRF in root cells, it is demonstrated that TIRFM can generate high contrast images, superior to other approaches, from intact plant cells. It is also shown that TIRF imaging is possible not only at the plasma membrane level, but also in organelles, for example the nucleus, due to the presence of the central vacuole. Importantly, it is demonstrated for the first time that this is TIRF excitation, and not TIRF-like excitation described as variable-angle epifluorescence microscopy (VAEM), and it is shown how to distinguish the two techniques in practical microscopy. These TIRF images show the highest signal-to-background ratio, and it is demonstrated that they can be used for single-molecule microscopy. Rare protein events, which would otherwise be masked by the average molecular behaviour, can therefore be detected, including the conformations and oligomerization states of interacting proteins and signalling networks in vivo. The demonstration of the application of TIRFM and single-molecule analysis to plant cells therefore opens up a new range of possibilities for plant cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Vizcay-Barrena
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Stephen E. D. Webb
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Marisa L. Martin-Fernandez
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Zoe A. Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Yang Q, Karpikov A, Toomre D, Duncan JS. 3-D reconstruction of microtubules from multi-angle total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy using Bayesian framework. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING SOCIETY 2011; 20:2248-2259. [PMID: 21324778 DOI: 10.1109/tip.2011.2114359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy excites a thin evanescent field which theoretically decays exponentially. Each TIRF image is actually the projection of a 3-D volume and hence cannot alone produce an accurate localization of structures in the z-dimension, however, it provides greatly improved axial resolution for biological samples. Multiple angle-TIRF microscopy allows controlled variation of the incident angle of the illuminating laser beam, thus generating a set of images of different penetration depths with the potential to reconstruct the 3-D volume of the sample. With the ultimate goal to quantify important biological parameters of microtubules, we present a method to reconstruct 3-D position and orientation of microtubules based on multi-angle TIRF data, as well as experimental calibration of the actual decay function of the evanescent field at each angle. We validate our method using computer simulations, by creating a phantom simulating the curvilinear characteristics of microtubules and project the artificially constructed volume into a set of TIRF image for different penetration depth. The reconstructed depth information for the phantom data is shown to be accurate and robust to noise. We apply our method to microtubule TIRF images of PtK(2) cells in vivo. By comparing microtubule curvatures of the reconstruction results and several electron microscopy (EM) images of vertically sliced sample of microtubules, we find that the curvature statistics of our reconstruction agree well with the ground truth (EM data). Quantifying the distribution of microtubule curvature reveals an interesting discovery that microtubules can buckle and form local bendings of considerably small radius of curvature which is also visually spotted on the EM images, while microtubule bendings on a larger scale generally have a much larger radius and cannot bear the stress of a large curvature. The presented method has the potential to provide a reliable tool for 3-D reconstruction and tracking of microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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