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Liu S, Sun L, Liang F, Wang Z, Zhao J, Li S, Ke X, Li Z, Wu L. Ecotoxicity of thallium to two soil animal species with different niches and modification by organic materials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174733. [PMID: 39032744 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Soil thallium (Tl) contamination is of major public concern but little is known about soil Tl ecological toxicity or potential ecological remediation strategies. Here, two soil animal species with different ecological niches, Folsomia candida and Enchytraeus crypticus, were used to test Tl toxicity and modification by exogenous organic materials (i.e. maize straw and biochar). The endpoints of Tl ecotoxicity to F. candida and E. crypticus were studied at two biological levels, i.e., the individual (body Tl concentrations) and the population (survival, reproduction, and growth). Thallium concentrations in F. candida and E. crypticus increased with increasing soil Tl concentration, and their survival and reproduction rates decreased with increasing soil Tl concentration. The LC50 value of Tl effects on F. candida mortality (28 d) was 24.0 mg kg-1 and the EC50 value of reproduction inhibition was 6.51 mg kg-1. The corresponding values were 4.15 mg kg-1 and 2.31 mg kg-1 respectively for E. crypticus showing higher sensitivity to soil Tl than F. candida. These effective values are comparable to or much lower than the environmental Tl concentrations in field soils, suggesting high potential ecological risk. Both biochar and straw can decrease animal body Tl concentrations in different ways, i.e. reducing Tl availability or offering clean food sources, and addition of exogenous organic materials clearly mitigated Tl ecotoxicity in highly polluted soil. The results highlight the potential Tl ecological risk to soil animals and the potential use of organic materials to control the toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment, MOE, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Key Laboratory of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment, MOE, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China.
| | - Fang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Zinan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Jiejie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment, MOE, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Shaobin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Xin Ke
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China.
| | - Longhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
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Kirichenko-Babko M, Bulak P, Kaczor M, Proc-Pietrycha K, Bieganowski A. Arthropods in landfills and their accumulation potential for toxic elements: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118612. [PMID: 38442814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Landfills, as a source of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), pose a threat to the environment and human health. A literature review was conducted to explore the diversity of arthropods inhabiting solid waste landfills, as well as on the bioaccumulation of PTEs by arthropods. This review presents scientific papers over the last 20 years. Their importance in landfill ecosystems has been the subject of research; however, the issue of the accumulation of compounds such as toxic elements is emphasized only in a few studies. The bioaccumulation of PTEs was studied for 10 arthropod species that founded in landfills: Orthomorpha coarctata and Trigoniulus corallinus (class Diplopoda), Armadillidium vulgare and Trachelipus rathkii (class Malacostraca), the 6 species of the class Insecta - Zonocerus variegatus, Anacanthotermes ochraceus, Macrotermes bellicosus, Austroaeschna inermis, Calathus fuscipes and Harpalus rubripes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kirichenko-Babko
- Department of Natural Environment Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland; Department of Invertebrate Fauna and Systematics, Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences, B. Khmelnitsky 15, 01054, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Piotr Bulak
- Department of Natural Environment Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Kaczor
- Department of Natural Environment Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kinga Proc-Pietrycha
- Department of Natural Environment Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bieganowski
- Department of Natural Environment Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
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3
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Knoll S, Cappai MG. Foraging Activity of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L., 1758) and Exposure to Cadmium: a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04118-3. [PMID: 38443599 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Honey bees are commonly exposed to a broad spectrum of xenobiotics, including heavy metals. Heavy metal toxicity is of concern in the context of global pollinator declines, especially since honey bees seem to be particularly susceptible to xenobiotics in general. Here we summarize current knowledge on the interplay between cadmium, one of the most toxic and mobile elements in the environment, and honey bees, the primary managed pollinator species worldwide. Overall, cadmium pollution has been shown to be ubiquitous, affecting industrial, urban and rural areas alike. Uptake of this heavy metal by plants serves as the primary route of exposure for bees (through pollen and nectar). Reported cadmium toxicity consists of lethal and sublethal effects (reduced development and growth) in both adult and larval stages, as well as various molecular responses related to detoxification and cellular antioxidant defence systems. Other effects of cadmium in honey bees include the disruption of synaptic signalling, calcium metabolism and muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Knoll
- Institute of Animal Productions of the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cappai
- Institute of Animal Productions of the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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4
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Matić D, Vlahović M, Grčić A, Filipović A, Ilijin L, Mrdaković M, Mutić J, Đurđić S, Perić-Mataruga V. Antioxidative enzymes, alkaline phosphatases and Hsp70 expression in larvae of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) from unpolluted and polluted forests after chronic cadmium treatment. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 273:109721. [PMID: 37597714 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure of populations to pollution may result in enhanced ability to cope with environmental stress. To compare the responses of two Lymantria dispar populations living in unpolluted and polluted forests (UP and PP, respectively), we chronically exposed larvae to cadmium at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg Cd/g dry food (Cd1 and Cd2, respectively). We examined cadmium accumulation in the midgut and hemolymph, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and alkaline phosphatases (ALP) in the midgut, as well as Hsp70 protein expression in the midgut, hemolymph, and brain and evaluated these parameters as biomarkers of cadmium contamination. Larvae from PP, fed a control diet, showed higher activity of SOD and increased Hsp70 expression compared with larvae from UP. Excessive amounts of Cd were accumulated in the midgut of all Cd-fed larvae, whereas Cd content in the hemolymph was elevated only in larvae from PP after Cd2 treatment. In larvae from UP, Cd2 treatment decreased the activity of CAT and induced the expression of Hsp70 in the midgut and hemolymph. In larvae from PP, exposure to both Cd concentrations strongly attenuated SOD and CAT activities, while Hsp70 expression was not induced in any organ/tissue. Cd did not affect ALP activity in either population. Midgut Cd content proved to be a suitable indicator of Cd contamination for both polluted and unpolluted habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Matić
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Vlahović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Anja Grčić
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Filipović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Larisa Ilijin
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marija Mrdaković
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Mutić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Slađana Đurđić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Perić-Mataruga
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia.
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5
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Matić D, Vlahović M, Ilijin L, Grčić A, Filipović A, Todorović D, Perić-Mataruga V. Implications of long-term exposure of a Lymantria dispar L. population to pollution for the response of larval midgut proteases and acid phosphatases to chronic cadmium treatment. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 250:109172. [PMID: 34461292 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) presence in terrestrial ecosystems is a serious threat that requires continuous development of biomonitoring tools. Ideally, a suitable biomarker of exposure should respond to the toxicant consistently in different populations regardless of previous exposure to pollution. Here we considered the activities and isoform patterns of certain proteases and acid phosphatases (ACP) in the midgut of Lymantria dispar larvae as well as the integrated biomarker response (IBR) for application in Cd biomonitoring. We compared the responses of caterpillars originating from unpolluted and polluted localities after they had been chronically subjected to dietary Cd (50 and 100 μg Cd/g dry food). The population inhabiting the unpolluted forest was far more sensitive to Cd exposure as the activities of total proteases, trypsin (TRY) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) were mostly reduced while the activities of total and non-lysosomal ACP were increased. Non-lysosomal ACP activity was elevated in larvae from the contaminated site in response to the higher Cd concentration. Exposure to the metal resulted in numerous alterations in the pattern of enzyme isoforms, but the responses of the two populations were similar except that larvae from the polluted locality were more tolerant to the lower Cd concentration. Non-lysosomal ACP activity and the appearance of ACP isoforms 4 and 5 together with the IBR index are the most promising indicators of Cd presence, potentially applicable even in populations with a history of exposure to pollution. TRY and total ACP activities could be used to monitor populations at uncontaminated localities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Matić
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Vlahović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Larisa Ilijin
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anja Grčić
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Filipović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dajana Todorović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Perić-Mataruga
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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6
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Comparative transcriptome analysis of the gills and hepatopancreas from Macrobrachium rosenbergii exposed to the heavy metal Cadmium (Cd 2+). Sci Rep 2021; 11:16140. [PMID: 34373575 PMCID: PMC8352946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95709-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal Cadmium (Cd2+) pollution has become a severe environmental problem for aquatic organisms. In crustaceans, gills (Gi) and hepatopancreas (Hp) play a vital role in the toxicology. However, in Macrobrachium rosenbergill, there are few researches about gill and hepatopancreases responding to Cd2+ stress at a molecular level. In this study, transcriptomic analysis was applied to characterize gene expression profiles of gills and hepatopancreas of M. rosenbergill after Cd2+ exposure for 0 h, 3 h and 3 d. Six cDNA libraries (Gi 0 h, Gi 3 h, Gi 3 d, Hp 0 h, Hp 3 h, and Hp 3 d) were constructed and a total of 66,676 transcripts and 48,991 unigenes were annotated. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were isolated by comparing the Cd2+ treated time-point libraries (3 h and 3 d group) with the control library (0 h group). The results showed that most of the DEGs were down-regulated after Cd2+ exposure and the number of DEGs among gill groups were significantly higher than those among hepatopancreas groups. GO functional and KEGG pathway analysis suggested many key DEGs in response to the Cd2+ stress, such as metallothionein and Hemocyanin. Additionally, a total of six DEGs were randomly selected to further identify their expressional profile by qPCR. The results indicated that these DEGs were involved in the response to Cd2+. This comparative transcriptome provides valuable molecular information on the mechanisms of responding to Cd2+ stress in M. rosenbergii, which lays the foundation for further understanding of heavy metal stress.
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7
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Vargas HCM, Panfilio KA, Roelofs D, Rezende GL. Increase in egg resistance to desiccation in springtails correlates with blastodermal cuticle formation: Eco-evolutionary implications for insect terrestrialization. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2020; 336:606-619. [PMID: 32649025 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Land colonization was a major event in the history of life. Among animals, insects exerted a staggering terrestrialization success, due to traits usually associated with postembryonic life stages, while the egg stage has been largely overlooked in comparative studies. In many insects, after blastoderm differentiation, the extraembryonic serosal tissue wraps the embryo and synthesizes the serosal cuticle, an extracellular matrix that lies beneath the eggshell and protects the egg against water loss. In contrast, in noninsect hexapods such as springtails (Collembola) the early blastodermal cells synthesize a blastodermal cuticle. Here, we investigate the relationship between blastodermal cuticle formation and egg resistance to desiccation in the springtails Orchesella cincta and Folsomia candida, two species with different oviposition environments and developmental rates. The blastodermal cuticle becomes externally visible in O. cincta and F. candida at 22% and 29% of embryogenesis, respectively. To contextualize, we describe the stages of springtail embryogenesis, exemplified by F. candida. Our physiological assays then showed that blastodermal cuticle formation coincides with an increase in egg viability in a dry environment, significantly contributing to hatching success. However, protection differs between species: while O. cincta eggs survive at least 2 hr outside a humid environment, the survival period recorded for F. candida eggs is only 15 min, which correlates with this species' requirement for humid microhabitats. We suggest that the formation of this cuticle protects the eggs, constituting an ancestral trait among hexapods that predated and facilitated the process of terrestrialization that occurred during insect evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena C M Vargas
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil.,Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dick Roelofs
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gustavo L Rezende
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil.,School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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8
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Purać J, Nikolić TV, Kojić D, Ćelić AS, Plavša JJ, Blagojević DP, Petri ET. Identification of a metallothionein gene in honey bee Apis mellifera and its expression profile in response to Cd, Cu and Pb exposure. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:731-745. [PMID: 30575191 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins are ubiquitous proteins important in metal homeostasis and detoxification. However, they have not previously been identified in honey bees or other Hymenoptera, where metallothioneins could be of ecophysiological and ecotoxicological significance. Better understanding of the molecular responses to stress induced by toxic metals could contribute to honey bee conservation. In addition, honey bee metallothionein could represent a biomarker for monitoring environmental quality. Here we identify and characterize a metallothionein gene in Apis mellifera (AmMT). AmMT is 1,680 bp long and encodes a 48 amino acids protein with 15 cysteines and no aromatic residues. A metal response element upstream of the start codon, coupled with numerous cis-regulatory elements indicate the functional context of AmMT. Molecular modelling predicts several transition metal binding sites, and comparative phylogenetic analysis revealed five putative metallothionein proteins in three other hymenoptera species. AmMT was characterized by cloning the full-length coding sequence of the putative metallothionein. Recombinant AmMT was found to increase metal tolerance upon overexpression in Escherichia coli supplemented with Cd, Cu or Pb. Finally, in laboratory tests on honey bees, gene expression profiles showed a dose-dependant relationship between Cd, Cu and Pb concentrations present in food and AmMT expression, while field experiments showed induction of AmMT in bees from an industrial site compared to those from an urban area. These studies suggest that AmMT has metal binding properties in agreement with a possible role in metal homeostasis. Further functional and structural characterization of metallothionein in honey bees and other Hymenoptera are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Purać
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana V Nikolić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Danijela Kojić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Anđelka S Ćelić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovana J Plavša
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Duško P Blagojević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Edward T Petri
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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9
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Tarnawska M, Kafel A, Augustyniak M, Rost-Roszkowska M, Babczyńska A. Microevolution or wide tolerance? Level of stress proteins in the beet armyworm Spodoptera eqigua hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) exposed to cadmium for over 150 generations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 178:1-8. [PMID: 30980963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the cadmium tolerance developed in the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua selected for over 150 generations may be related to synthesis of the stress proteins metallothioneins (Mts) and 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70). To achieve this, six S. exigua strains (control, k), 150-generation Cd exposure strain (cd), and four 18-generation Cd exposure strains differing in Cd concentration (cd44, cd22, cd11, cd5) were reared. Stress protein level was measured in the midgut of the 5th larval stage after 1-6, 12 and 18 generations. Cd contents was measured in the pupae. Unlike Cd concentration, which depended on metal contents in food but was not generation-dependent, the pattern of Mts and HSP70 concentrations changed in experimental strains from generation to generation. Stress protein levels in the insects exposed to the highest Cd concentration (the same as in the 150-generation Cd exposure strain), initially higher than in the control strain, after the 12th generation did not differ from the level measured in the control strains. It seems therefore that stress proteins play a protective role in insects of lower tolerance to cadmium. The tolerance developed during multigenerational exposure probably relies on mechanisms other than Mt and HSP70 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Tarnawska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Alina Kafel
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- Department of Histology and Animal Histology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Babczyńska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40007, Katowice, Poland.
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10
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Wang X, Gao Q, Liu X, Wang XP, Lei C, Sayed WAA, Zhu F. Metallothionein in Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), a potential biomarker for organic waste system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5379-5385. [PMID: 29209974 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758), is an important economic fly as its larvae can be used for recycling organic waste, such as food waste and manure. H. illucens larvae (BSFL) could uptake Cd from substrates and accumulate it inside bodies, which need to be monitored during waste treatment. Metallothionein (MT) usually serve as biomarker because of its role in metal homeostasis, detoxification, and dose response of heavy metals. Therefore, a MT gene was cloned from H. illucens (HIMT) that encoded 40 amino acids with typical cysteine rich features, which had a high sequence identity with other insect MTs. The expression of HIMT and total MT protein was measured in BSFL fed by meals spiked with gradient dose of Cd (0, 5, 50, 500 mg/kg) for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, respectively. Dose-associated response of HIMT and total MT were found and the possible correlative range of Cd was from 5 to 50 mg/kg. The expression of HIMT might be a potential biomarker for monitoring Cd contamination by H. illucens in terrestrial organic matters, which might further apply in waste transformation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Gao
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoliang Lei
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Waheed A A Sayed
- Biological Application Department, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fen Zhu
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Matić D, Vlahović M, Kolarević S, Perić Mataruga V, Ilijin L, Mrdaković M, Vuković Gačić B. Genotoxic effects of cadmium and influence on fitness components of Lymantria dispar caterpillars. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:1270-1277. [PMID: 27613326 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study extends our previous findings concerning the sensitivity of Lymantria dispar larvae to cadmium in light of ecotoxicological risk assessment. Here we report the results of the comet assay performed for the first time on this species. We examined the chronic effects of two cadmium concentrations (50 and 100 μg Cd/g dry food) on DNA integrity and haemocyte viability, as well as on fitness-related traits (larval mass and development duration parameters). All parameters were assessed individually and then used to calculate the integrated biomarker response (IBR) index. Egg-masses of L. dispar were collected from two locations in Serbia - the uncontaminated Homolje mountains and a metal-polluted area near Bor copper mines, smelter and refinery. Distinctive patterns in the response of these populations to cadmium exposure were noticed. In haemocytes of larvae from the pollution-free location both cadmium treatments increased the level of DNA damage, although in a similar range. Haemocyte viability and larval mass were reduced, while duration of the fourth instar and total development time were prolonged in a concentration-dependent manner. Cadmium tolerance was noticeable in the population from the metal-contaminated site at all organizational levels. Nevertheless, haemocyte viability in that population was reduced by the stronger treatment. Haemocyte viability was recognized as a promising biomarker due to the evident response of both populations to dietary cadmium. Genotoxicity, fitness-related traits and the IBR index could be used for biomonitoring of sensitive populations not previously exposed to metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Matić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Vlahović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Perić Mataruga
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Larisa Ilijin
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Mrdaković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Vuković Gačić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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12
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Faddeeva-Vakhrusheva A, Derks MFL, Anvar SY, Agamennone V, Suring W, Smit S, van Straalen NM, Roelofs D. Gene Family Evolution Reflects Adaptation to Soil Environmental Stressors in the Genome of the Collembolan Orchesella cincta. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:2106-17. [PMID: 27289101 PMCID: PMC4987106 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Collembola (springtails) are detritivorous hexapods that inhabit the soil and its litter layer. The ecology of the springtail Orchesella cincta is extensively studied in the context of adaptation to anthropogenically disturbed areas. Here, we present a draft genome of an O. cincta reference strain with an estimated size of 286.8 Mbp, containing 20,249 genes. In total, 446 gene families are expanded and 1,169 gene families evolved specific to this lineage. Besides these gene families involved in general biological processes, we observe gene clusters participating in xenobiotic biotransformation. Furthermore, we identified 253 cases of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Although the largest percentage of them originated from bacteria (37.5%), we observe an unusually high percentage (30.4%) of such genes of fungal origin. The majority of foreign genes are involved in carbohydrate metabolism and cellulose degradation. Moreover, some foreign genes (e.g., bacillopeptidases) expanded after HGT. We hypothesize that horizontally transferred genes could be advantageous for food processing in a soil environment that is full of decaying organic material. Finally, we identified several lineage-specific genes, expanded gene families, and horizontally transferred genes, associated with altered gene expression as a consequence of genetic adaptation to metal stress. This suggests that these genome features may be preadaptations allowing natural selection to act on. In conclusion, this genome study provides a solid foundation for further analysis of evolutionary mechanisms of adaptation to environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martijn F L Derks
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Seyed Yahya Anvar
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria Agamennone
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Suring
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Smit
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Roelofs
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Ardestani MM, van Straalen NM, van Gestel CAM. Uptake and elimination kinetics of metals in soil invertebrates: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 193:277-295. [PMID: 25043314 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Uptake and elimination kinetics of metals in soil invertebrates are a function of both soil and organism properties. This study critically reviewed metal toxicokinetics in soil invertebrates and its potential use for assessing bioavailability. Uptake and elimination rate constants of different metals are summarized. Invertebrates have different strategies for essential and non-essential metals. As a consequence, different types of models must be applied to describe metal uptake and elimination kinetics. We discuss model parameters for each metal separately and show how they are influenced by exposure concentrations and by physiological properties of the organisms. Soil pH, cation exchange capacity, clay and organic matter content significantly affect uptake rates of non-essential metals in soil invertebrates. For essential metals, kinetics is hardly influenced by soil properties, but rather prone to physiological regulation mechanisms of the organisms. Our analysis illustrates that toxicokinetics can be a valuable measurement to assess bioavailability of soil-bound metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Nguyen AH, Altomare LE, McElwain MC. Decreased accumulation of cadmium in Drosophila selected for resistance suggests a mechanism independent of metallothionein. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:245-9. [PMID: 24929542 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals, including cadmium, are common contaminants in environments subject to human activity. Responses to exposure in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, are dosage-dependent and resistance is selectable. While metallothionein-mediated sequestration has been extensively studied as a mechanism of cadmium resistance, a link between selection for resistance and an increased accumulation of cadmium has yet to be demonstrated. To address this need, we have selected wild-type flies for cadmium resistance for 20 generations and tested metal content using mass spectrometry. Resistant flies were observed to contain lower levels of cadmium, arguing for a mechanism of cadmium resistance that is not mediated by increased sequestration. This, coupled with genetic evidence suggesting the involvement of factors located on the X chromosome, suggests a gene other than metallothionein may be involved in resistance in this line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin H Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Dr, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA
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15
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Whitehead A. Evolutionary Genomics of Environmental Pollution. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 781:321-37. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7347-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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16
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Pauwels M, Frérot H, Souleman D, Vandenbulcke F. Using biomarkers in an evolutionary context: lessons from the analysis of biological responses of oligochaete annelids to metal exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 179:343-350. [PMID: 23707006 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities may lead to the accumulation of inorganic and organic compounds in topsoils. Biota living in close contact with contaminated soils may experience stress at different levels of biological organization throughout the continuum from molecular to community level. Biological responses observed at the individual or infra-individual level of biological organization led to the development of biomarkers. The development of biomarkers consists often in evidencing biological modifications following a contaminant stress in laboratory conditions, using naïve organisms and it is sometime proposed to use the biological state of individuals from sentinel species collected in the field to evaluate the level of environmental exposure. However, considering the possibility of local adaptation following long-term exposure, organisms response sampled in the field may substantially differ from laboratory specimens. In this review, we discuss this point focusing on the definition and validity of molecular biomarkers of metal pollution using earthworms of the Lumbricidae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Pauwels
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8198, Université Lille Nord de France, Bâtiment SN2, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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17
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Dallinger R, Höckner M. Evolutionary concepts in ecotoxicology: tracing the genetic background of differential cadmium sensitivities in invertebrate lineages. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:767-778. [PMID: 23576190 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In many toxicological and ecotoxicological studies and experimental setups, the investigator is mainly interested in traditional parameters such as toxicity data and effects of toxicants on molecular, cellular or physiological functions of individuals, species or statistical populations. It is clear, however, that such approaches focus on the phenotype level of animal species, whilst the genetic and evolutionary background of reactions to environmental toxicants may remain untold. In ecotoxicological risk assessment, moreover, species sensitivities towards pollutants are often regarded as random variables in a statistical approach. Beyond statistics, however, toxicant sensitivity of every species assumes a biological significance, especially if we consider that sensitivity traits have developed in lineages of species with common evolutionary roots. In this article, the genetic and evolutionary background of differential Cd sensitivities among invertebrate populations and species and their potential of adaptation to environmental Cd exposure will be highlighted. Important evolutionary and population genetic concepts such as genome structure and their importance for evolutionary adaptation, population structure of affected individuals, as well as micro and macroevolutionary mechanisms of Cd resistance in invertebrate lineages will be stressed by discussing examples of work from our own laboratory along with a review of relevant literature data and a brief discussion of open questions along with some perspectives for further research. Both, differences and similarities in Cd sensitivity traits of related invertebrate species can only be understood if we consider the underlying evolutionary processes and genetic (or epigenetic) mechanisms. Keeping in mind this perception can help us to better understand and interpret more precisely why the sensitivity of some species or species groups towards a certain toxicant (or metal) may be ranked in the lower or higher range of species sensitivity distributions. Hence, such a perspective will transcend a purely statistical view of the sensitivity distributions concept, and will enhance ecotoxicology in many respects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Dallinger
- Institut für Zoologie und Limnologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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18
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Shu Y, Zhang G, Wang J. Response of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura to zinc stress: Zn accumulation, metallothionein and cell ultrastructure of the midgut. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 438:210-217. [PMID: 23000546 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
By exposing the common cutworm Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae to a range of Zinc (Zn) stress, we investigated the effects of dietary Zn on Zn accumulation, metallothionein (MT), and on the ultrastructure of the midgut. The techniques we used were inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), real-time PCR combined with cadmium-hemoglobin total saturation, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. There was a significant dose-response relationship between the Zn accumulations in the midgut of the larvae and the Zn concentrations in the diet. Furthermore, both MT content and MT gene expression in the midgut were significantly induced in the 50-500 mg Zn/kg treatments, and were significantly positively correlated with the Zn accumulations in the midgut. When S. litura larvae were fed with the diet treated with 500 mg Zn/kg, Zn accumulation and MT content in the midgut was 4450.85 mg Zn/kg and 372.77 mg/kg, respectively, thereafter there was a little increase; the level of MT gene expression was maximal, thereafter there was a sharp decrease. TEM showed that numerous electron-dense granules (EDGs) and vacuoles appeared in the cytoplasm of the midgut cells, their number and size being closely correlated with the Zn accumulations in the midgut. Moreover, the nuclei were strongly influenced by Zn stress, evidenced by chromatin condensation and irregular nuclear membranes. Therefore, after being exposed to Zn in the threshold (500 mg Zn/kg) range, S. litura larvae could accumulate Zn in the midgut, which led to the induction of MT and changes in cell ultrastructure (mainly the presence of EDGs). The induction of MT and precipitation of Zn in EDGs may be the effective detoxification mechanisms by which the herbivorous insect S. litura defends itself against heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Shu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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19
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Costa D, Mariën J, Janssens TKS, van Gestel CAM, Driessen G, Sousa JP, van Straalen NM, Roelofs D. Influence of adaptive evolution of cadmium tolerance on neutral and functional genetic variation in Orchesella cincta. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:2078-2087. [PMID: 22717685 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to environmental toxicants, such as metals, can affect population genetic diversity, both at neutral and selectable loci. At the transcriptional level, evolution of metal tolerance is possible due to the existence of polymorphisms in the cis-regulatory sequences of stress-responsive genes such as the metallothionein gene (mt). This study investigated the influence of cadmium adaptation on genetic diversity of soil-living Orchesella cincta (Collembola) populations in neutral (microsatellites and AFLP) and in functional (mt promoter) markers. Also, the influence of cis- and trans-acting factors on increased tolerance was addressed. No reduced genetic diversity was observed in two tolerant populations compared to five sensitive populations, either in neutral or in selectable markers. Extensive migration along with a large population size may explain the high genetic diversity measured. The metal-tolerant phenotype seems to be mostly influenced by genetic factors acting in cis on mt gene expression. The results suggest that certain promoter genotypes, which are found mainly or exclusively in Cd-tolerant populations, contribute to higher constitutive mt gene expression in individuals from these populations. However, more studies are needed to clearly unravel the influence of cis/trans-regulatory evolution in tolerant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Costa
- Department of Life Sciences, IMAR-CMA, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401, Coimbra, Portugal.
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20
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Grześ IM. Zinc kinetics in the ant Myrmica rubra originating from a metal pollution gradient. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 88:1015-1018. [PMID: 22551875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ants are efficient trace metal accumulators, but metal kinetics in ants has not been described. Workers of Myrmica rubra collected in seven meadows along a metal pollution gradient were exposed to dietary Zn (1000 mg kg(-1)) for a 80 day uptake period followed by 30 days of clean food. Zn concentrations in the ants from all study sites were found to have been maintained on a stable level, indicating very efficient Zn regulation. No proof of adaptation in terms of enhanced elimination or restricted accumulation of Zn was found. Nevertheless, the results illustrate the general kinetics of Zn in M. rubra, irrespective of the differences between sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena M Grześ
- Agricultural University, Department of Zoology and Ecology, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, Kraków, Poland.
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21
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Fisker KV, Sørensen JG, Holmstrup M. No costs on freeze tolerance in genetically copper adapted earthworm populations (Dendrobaena octaedra). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 154:204-7. [PMID: 21651991 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For nearly three centuries the area around Gusum, in south-east Sweden, has been highly polluted with copper. An earlier study in this area showed that populations of the freeze-tolerant earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra were genetically adapted to copper. Apparently, no life-history costs to reproduction or growth were imposed by this adaptation. In the present paper we therefore investigated how laboratory raised F1-generations of these populations coped when exposed to increased copper concentrations in the soil and to sub-zero temperatures. We found that D. octaedra from polluted sites accumulated the same amount of copper as reference worms. Furthermore, earthworms from polluted sites survived equally to reference worms when exposed to freezing temperatures (-8 or -12°C). However, when simultaneously exposed to the lowest temperature and copper, the worms from polluted sites survived significantly better than reference worms. The overall conclusion of this study is that worms from polluted sites seem to be better at handling copper and accrue no costs in terms of reduced cold tolerance in connection to genetic adaptation in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Vincents Fisker
- National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
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22
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de Boer ME, Berg S, Timmermans MJTN, den Dunnen JT, van Straalen NM, Ellers J, Roelofs D. High throughput nano-liter RT-qPCR to classify soil contamination using a soil arthropod. BMC Mol Biol 2011; 12:11. [PMID: 21362169 PMCID: PMC3060125 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-12-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To incorporate genomics data into environmental assessments a mechanistic perspective of interactions between chemicals and induced biological processes needs to be developed. Since chemical compounds with structural similarity often induce comparable biological responses in exposed animals, gene expression signatures can serve as a starting point for the assessment of chemicals and their toxicity, but only when relevant and stable gene panels are available. To design such a panel, we isolated differentially expressed gene fragments from the soil arthropod Folsomia candida, a species often used for ecotoxicological testing. Animals were exposed to two chemically distinct compounds, being a metal (cadmium) and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (phenanthrene). We investigated the affected molecular responses resulting from either treatment and developed and validated 44 qPCR assays for their responses using a high throughput nano-liter RT-qPCR platform for the analysis of the samples. Results Suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to retrieve stress-related gene fragments. SSH libraries revealed pathways involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and protein degradation for cadmium and biotransformation for phenanthrene to be overrepresented. Amongst a small cluster of SSH-derived cadmium responsive markers were an inflammatory response protein and an endo-glucanase. Conversely, cytochrome P450 family 6 or 9 was specifically induced by phenanthrene. Differential expressions of these candidate biomarkers were also highly significant in the independently generated test sample set. Toxicity levels in different training samples were not reflected by any of the markers' intensity of expressions. Though, a model based on partial least squares differential analysis (PLS-DA) (with RMSEPs between 9 and 22% and R2s between 0.82 and 0.97) using gene expressions of 25 important qPCR assays correctly predicted the nature of exposures of test samples. Conclusions For the application of molecular bio-indication in environmental assessments, multivariate analyses obviously have an added value over univariate methods. Our results suggest that compound discrimination can be achieved by PLS-DA, based on a hard classification of the within-class rankings of samples from a test set. This study clearly shows that the use of high throughput RT-qPCR could be a valuable tool in ecotoxicology combining high throughput with analytical sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel E de Boer
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Ecological Science, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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23
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Eraly D, Hendrickx F, Bervoets L, Lens L. Experimental exposure to cadmium affects metallothionein-like protein levels but not survival and growth in wolf spiders from polluted and reference populations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:2124-2131. [PMID: 20363062 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Both local adaptation and acclimation in tolerance mechanisms may allow populations to persist under metal pollution. However, both mechanisms are presumed to incur (energetic) costs and to trade-off with other life-history traits. To test this hypothesis, we exposed Pardosa saltans (Lycosidae) spiderlings originating from metal-polluted and unpolluted sites to a controlled cadmium (Cd) treatment, and compared contents of metal-binding metallothionein-like proteins (MTLPs), internal metal concentrations, and individual survival and growth rates with a reference treatment. While increased MTLP concentrations in offspring originating from both polluted and unpolluted populations upon exposure indicates a plastic tolerance mechanism, survival and growth rates remain largely unaffected, independent of the population of origin. However, MTLP and Cd concentrations were not significantly correlated. We suggest that MTLP production may be an important mechanism enabling P. saltans populations to persist in ecosystems polluted with heavy metals above a certain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Eraly
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Van den Broeck H, De Wolf H, Backeljau T, Blust R. Effect of metal accumulation on metallothionein level and condition of the periwinkle Littorina littorea along the Scheldt estuary (the Netherlands). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:1791-1799. [PMID: 19948373 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 10/31/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal (i.e. Ag, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) and metallothionein (MT) concentrations in the soft tissue of Littorina littorea were measured along the heavily polluted Western Scheldt (WS) and relatively clean Eastern Scheldt (ES) estuary. Along the WS metal and MT levels in periwinkles reflected the known downstream decreasing pollution gradient. Surprisingly in ES animals As, Mn and Zn concentrations decreased from east to west reflecting past pollution. Compared to the WS metal concentrations of ES periwinkles were significantly lower and both estuaries were maximally discriminated from each other based on their Cd soft tissue concentration using a canonical discriminant analysis. Furthermore, no overall difference was found in MT levels among animals from both estuaries. Using previously obtained condition data (i.e. dry/wet weight ratio and lipid content) the relation between soft tissue metal concentration (i.e. Cd, Cu and Zn) and fitness indicators (i.e. MT and condition data) was examined using a canonical correlation analysis. Periwinkles with a high metal load (i.e. Cd and Zn) also had high MT levels but were in a relatively poor condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Van den Broeck
- University of Antwerp - Groenenborger Campus, Laboratory of Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, Groenenborgerlaan 171, building U5, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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25
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Abstract
Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) females and males were chronically exposed
to three sublethal cadmium concentrations (10, 30 and 50 mg/g dry food mass)
in order to assess the effects of cadmium on larval and pupal duration, pupal
mass and longevity. On average, the presence of cadmium in food did not
affect larval duration while shortened pupal duration and reduced pupal mass
and longevity were recorded. The most significant effects were obtained at
the highest cadmium concentration. Females and males did not differ in
sensitivity of life history traits to cadmium exposure. It is concluded that
(1) cadmium exerts a strong adverse impact on the growth and development of
gypsy moths, and (2) the significance of the cadmium effects depends on the
dose.
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26
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Wan G, Cheuk WK, Chan KM. Differential regulation of zebrafish metallothionein-II (zMT-II) gene transcription in ZFL and SJD cell lines by metal ions. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2009; 91:33-43. [PMID: 19019466 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two alleles of a zebrafish metallothionein II gene (zMT-II) promoter (zMT-IIA and zMT-IIB) containing 10 MREs in the 5'-flanking region (1514bp) were identified in zebrafish. These putative MREs were confirmed via electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) to have binding activities from the cellular and nuclear extracts of a zebrafish cell line, ZFL. Transient gene expression studies using zebrafish liver (ZFL) and caudal fin (SJD) cell lines also confirmed that the most distal cluster of MREs contributed to the maximal induction of zMT-IIA activity by Zn(2+) and that this Zn(2+) induction was dose-dependent. Further transient gene expression assay of the zMT-IIA gene promoter was carried out to study the effects of various metal ions (Zn(2+), Cd(2+), Cu(2+), Hg(+), As(3+), As(5+), Cr(3+) and Cr(6+)), and Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) were found to be the most efficient MT gene inducers of zMT-II. As(3+) was a weak inducer of zMT-II in the two cell lines, and Hg(+) caused significant induction only in the SJD cells. No significant induction was found in the other metal ion exposures. EMSA also identified transcription factor(s) of two different sizes from the cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts of the ZFL cells that were able to bind with the MREs, but no increase in MRE binding was detected in the extracts of these cells after Zn(2+) or Cd(2+) treatment, compared with untreated control cells. The mechanisms of MT gene transcription induction via metal ions are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Wan
- Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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Current research in soil invertebrate ecotoxicogenomics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2423(08)00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Metallothionein expression induced by nickel accumulation in the midgut of Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae exposed to nickel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-007-0480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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ROELOFS D, AARTS MGM, SCHAT H, VAN STRAALEN NM. Functional ecological genomics to demonstrate general and specific responses to abiotic stress. Funct Ecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Janssens TKS, Mariën J, Cenijn P, Legler J, van Straalen NM, Roelofs D. Recombinational micro-evolution of functionally different metallothionein promoter alleles from Orchesella cincta. BMC Evol Biol 2007; 7:88. [PMID: 17562010 PMCID: PMC1913499 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-7-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metallothionein (mt) transcription is elevated in heavy metal tolerant field populations of Orchesella cincta (Collembola). This suggests that natural selection acts on transcriptional regulation of mt in springtails at sites where cadmium (Cd) levels in soil reach toxic values This study investigates the nature and the evolutionary origin of polymorphisms in the metallothionein promoter (pmt) and their functional significance for mt expression. Results We sequenced approximately 1600 bp upstream the mt coding region by genome walking. Nine pmt alleles were discovered in NW-European populations. They differ in the number of some indels, consensus transcription factor binding sites and core promoter elements. Extensive recombination events between some of the alleles can be inferred from the alignment. A deviation from neutral expectations was detected in a cadmium tolerant population, pointing towards balancing selection on some promoter stretches. Luciferase constructs were made from the most abundant alleles, and responses to Cd, paraquat (oxidative stress inducer) and moulting hormone were studied in cell lines. By using paraquat we were able to dissect the effect of oxidative stress from the Cd specific effect, and extensive differences in mt induction levels between these two stressors were observed. Conclusion The pmt alleles evolved by a number of recombination events, and exhibited differential inducibilities by Cd, paraquat and molting hormone. In a tolerant population from a metal contaminated site, promoter allele frequencies differed significantly from a reference site and nucleotide polymorphisms in some promoter stretches deviated from neutral expectations, revealing a signature of balancing selection. Our results suggest that the structural differences in the Orchesella cincta metallothionein promoter alleles contribute to the metallothionein -over-expresser phenotype in cadmium tolerant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry KS Janssens
- Vrije Universiteit, Institute of Ecological Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janine Mariën
- Vrije Universiteit, Institute of Ecological Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Cenijn
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Legler
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Vrije Universiteit, Institute of Ecological Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Roelofs
- Vrije Universiteit, Institute of Ecological Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Timmermans MJTN, Ellers J, Van Straalen NM. Allelic diversity of metallothionein in Orchesella cincta (L.): traces of natural selection by environmental pollution. Heredity (Edinb) 2007; 98:311-9. [PMID: 17314922 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances made in statistical methods to detect selection from DNA sequence variation has resulted in an enormous increase in the number of studies reporting positive selection. However, a disadvantage of such statistical tests is that often no insight into the actual source of selection is obtained. Finer understanding of evolution can be obtained when those statistical tests are combined with field observations on allele frequencies. We assessed whether the metallothionein (mt) gene of Orchesella cincta (Collembola), which codes for a metal-binding protein, is subject to selection, by investigating alleles and allele frequencies among European metal-stressed and reference populations. Eight highly divergent alleles were resolved in Northwest Europe. At the nucleotide level, a total of 51 polymorphic sites (five of them implying amino-acid changes) were observed. Although statistical tests applied to the sequences alone showed no indication of selection, a G-test rejected the null hypothesis that alleles are homogeneously distributed over metal-stressed and reference populations. Analysis of molecular variance assigned a small, but significant amount of the total variance to differences between metal-stressed and non-stressed populations. In addition, it was shown that metal-stressed populations tend to be more genetically diversified at this locus than non-stressed ones. These results suggest that the mt gene and its surrounding DNA region are affected by environmental metal contamination. This study illustrates that, in addition to statistical tests, field observations on allele frequencies are needed to gain understanding of selection and adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J T N Timmermans
- Department of Animal Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Morgan AJ, Kille P, Stürzenbaum SR. Microevolution and ecotoxicology of metals in invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:1085-96. [PMID: 17593704 DOI: 10.1021/es061992x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment of metal-contaminated habitats based on responses in the field is complicated by the evolution of local, metal-resistant ecotypes. The unpredictability of occurrence of genetically determined adaptive traits, in terms of site-specific geochemistry, a population's inferred exposure history, and in the physiology of resistance, exacerbates the problem. Micro-evolutionary events warrant the attention of ecotoxicologists because they undermine the application of the bedrock of toxicology, the dose-response curve, to in situ field assessments. Here we survey the evidence for the existence of genetically differentiated, metal-resistant, invertebrate populations; we also describe some of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the adaptations. Quantitative changes in tissue-metal partitioning, and in the molecular and cellular responses (biomarkers)to alterations in internal bioreactive metal pools, are widely accepted as indicators of toxicity and/or exposure in free-living organisms. Both can be modulated by resistance. The understanding that all genomes are intrinsicallyflexible, with subtle sequence changes in promoter regions or epigenetic adjustments conferring significant phenotypic consequences, is deemed highly relevant. Equally relevant is the systems biology insight that genes and proteins are woven into networks. We advocate that biomarker studies should work toward assimilating and exploiting these biological realities through monitoring the activities of suites of genes (transcriptomics) and their expressed products (proteomics), as well as profiling the metabolite signatures of individuals (metabolomics) and by using neutral genetic markers to genotype populations. Ecotoxicology requires robust tools that recognize the imprint of evolution on the constitution of field populations, as well as sufficient mechanistic understanding of the molecular-genetic observations to interpret them in meaningful environmental diagnostic ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A John Morgan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Cervera A, Maymó AC, Martínez-Pardo R, Garcerá MD. Vitellogenin polypeptide levels in one susceptible and one cadmium-resistant strain of Oncopeltus fasciatus (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), and its role in cadmium resistance. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 52:158-68. [PMID: 16289568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2005] [Revised: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metal Cd has recently been shown to have endocrine disrupting activity in different vertebrate species. In the insect Oncopeltus fasciatus, Cd exposure delays ovarian maturation and inhibits vitellogenesis, probably through a reduction in vitellogenin (Vg) polypeptide synthesis. An O. fasciatus strain was selected in the laboratory for Cd resistance with gradually increasing Cd concentrations for 50 generations. Cd-selected (OCdR) insects were 2.7-2.3 times more resistant to chronic exposure to Cd than susceptible (OS) insects. OCdR females showed increased (up to 90%) Vg polypeptide levels in hemolymph. Vg polypeptide synthesis was equally decreased in OCdR and OS females after acute Cd exposure, indicating that resistance in the OCdR strain was not due to a reduced sensitivity of the target of Cd. Vg polypeptide concentrations and ovarian maturation in acutely exposed OCdR females, however, were equal to those of control OS females. OCdR females chronically exposed to Cd showed a 30% decrease in Vg polypeptide concentrations, relative to control OS females. It is concluded that increased Vg polypeptide levels play an important role in resistance to the toxic effects of Cd on reproduction in the OCdR strain, and that this novel Cd resistance mechanism has the potential to evolve in vertebrate species in which Cd inhibits Vg synthesis by disruption of the endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Cervera
- Departamento de Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Lee SE, Yoo DH, Son J, Cho K. Proteomic evaluation of cadmium toxicity on the midgeChironomus riparius Meigen larvae. Proteomics 2006; 6:945-57. [PMID: 16372273 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200401349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Heavy-metal pollution of aquatic ecosystems is a widespread phenomenon after industrial consumption. Whether aquatic organisms are adapted to the heavy-metal pollutants or not, such environmental stress causes changes in physiological responses. In this study, the aquatic midge, Chironomus riparius Meigen, was used to find changes of expression of proteins in relation to cadmium exposure. Dose-response relationships between cadmium concentrations and mortality of 3rd instar midge larvae were observed and the protein levels were compared using PD-Quest after 2-DE. Comparing the intensity of protein spots, 21 proteins decreased and 18 proteins increased in response to cadmium treatment. With increased proteins, three enzymes such as S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, O-methyltransferase, and aspartokinase were involved in the glutathione biosynthesis and a key enzyme regulating fatty acid biosynthesis, oleyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase was also identified. According to the functional classification of decreased levels of proteins, they were involved in energy production, protein fate, nucleotide biosynthesis, cell division, transport and binding, signal transduction, and fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism in the cell. In addition, phenol hydroxylase, thioesterase, zinc metalloprotease, and aspartate kinase were newly expressed after cadmium exposure at the concentration of the LC(10 )value. Therefore, these proteins seem to be potential biomarkers for cadmium exposure in the aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Silvestre F, Dierick JF, Dumont V, Dieu M, Raes M, Devos P. Differential protein expression profiles in anterior gills of Eriocheir sinensis during acclimation to cadmium. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2006; 76:46-58. [PMID: 16249038 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Revised: 09/22/2005] [Accepted: 09/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Using a proteomic approach, we characterized different protein expression profiles in anterior gills of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, after cadmium (Cd) exposure. Two experimental conditions were tested: (i) an acute exposure (i.e. 500 microg Cd l(-1) for 3 days) for which physiological, biochemical and ultrastructural damage have been observed previously; (ii) a chronic exposure (i.e. 50 microg Cd l(-1) for 30 days) resulting in physiological acclimation, i.e. increased resistance to a subsequent acute exposure. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) revealed six protein spots differentially expressed after acute, and 31 after chronic Cd exposure. From these spots, 15 protein species were identified using MS/MS micro-sequencing and MS BLAST database searches. Alpha tubulin, glutathione S-transferase and crustacean calcium-binding protein 23 were down-regulated after an acute exposure, whereas another glutathione S-transferase isoform was up-regulated. Furthermore, analyses revealed the over-expression of protein disulfide isomerase, thioredoxin peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, a proteasome subunit and cathepsin D after chronic exposure. Under the same condition, ATP synthase beta, alpha tubulin, arginine kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase were down-regulated. These results demonstrate that acute and chronic exposure to waterborne Cd induced different responses at the protein expression level. Protein identification supports the idea that Cd mainly exerts its toxicity through oxidative stress induction and sulfhydryl-group binding. As a result, analyses showed the up-regulation of several antioxidant enzymes and chaperonins during acclimation process. The gill proteolytic capacity seems also to be increased. On the other hand, the clearly decreased abundance of several enzymes involved in energy transfer suggests that chronic metal exposure induced an important metabolic reshuffling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Silvestre
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Organismes, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
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Roelofs D, Overhein L, de Boer ME, Janssens TKS, van Straalen NM. Additive genetic variation of transcriptional regulation: metallothionein expression in the soil insect Orchesella cincta. Heredity (Edinb) 2005; 96:85-92. [PMID: 16304605 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Field-selected metal tolerance in Orchesella cincta is correlated with overexpression of the single copy cadmium (Cd) inducible metallothionein (mt). Previously, we have demonstrated large phenotypic variation in mt gene expression, and a higher frequency of high-expression phenotypes in a tolerant population. Here, we describe midparent-offspring regression analysis of mt gene expression in a laboratory culture originating from a noncontaminated natural population. Families were either not exposed (n=47) or exposed to 0.5 micromol Cd per gram dry food (n=46). Mean mt gene expressions normalized to 28S rRNA and beta-actin RNA were generated using real-time RT-PCR applied to parents and offspring RNA and subjected to regression analysis. A significant heritability (h2) for mt gene expression was estimated between 0.36 (beta-actin normalized) and 0.46 (28S normalized) in Cd exposed families. Nontreated families did not yield a significant h2 value. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis of the metallothionein promoter sequence revealed eight promoter alleles that show structural variation. Three alleles show increased frequencies in families with high mt expression. Another gene, croquemort (isolated from a differential screening for 1 micromole Cd treatment) showed no h2 of gene expression in response to 0.5 micromol Cd. This gene codes for a receptor-protein involved in recognition of apoptotic cells and may participate in the general stress response. The present data suggest that evolution of metal tolerance in O. cincta can occur in the field by selection for high mt expression due to structural changes in mt cis-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Roelofs
- Vrije Universiteit, Institute of Ecological Science, Department of Animal Ecology, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Timmermans MJTN, Ellers J, Roelofs D, van Straalen NM. Metallothionein mRNA expression and cadmium tolerance in metal-stressed and reference populations of the springtail Orchesella cincta. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2005; 14:727-39. [PMID: 16160751 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-005-0020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Metal contamination in soil ecosystems is a permanent and often strong selection pressure. The present study investigates metal tolerance in 17 Orchesella cincta (Collembola) populations from metal-contaminated and reference sites, and combines analyses at the phenotypic and molecular level. Metal tolerance was phenotypically assayed by measuring survival times of laboratory cultures during exposure to cadmium. Comparisons of survival curves showed that five out of eight metal-stressed populations tested evolved increased cadmium tolerance (Stolberg, Plombieres, Hoboken, Hygum and Gusum). In addition, the role of the metallothionein (MT) gene in cadmium tolerance of O. cincta was studied by means of quantitative RT-PCR. The constitutive and Cd-induced MT mRNA expression of the laboratory cultures was measured. Results show that the mean constitutive MT mRNA expression of populations from polluted sites was significantly higher than of populations from reference sites. However, no correlation between MT mRNA expression levels after laboratory exposure to cadmium and field cadmium concentrations was observed. Furthermore, no relation between survival rate during exposure to cadmium and MT mRNA expression was detected. Our results suggest that constitutive MT mRNA expression plays a role in early protection against cadmium toxicity, and indicate that mechanisms other then MT up-regulation are involved in tolerance to prolonged exposure to cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn J T N Timmermans
- Department of Animal Ecology, Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Silvestre F, Trausch G, Devos P. Hyper-osmoregulatory capacity of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) exposed to cadmium; acclimation during chronic exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2005; 140:29-37. [PMID: 15792620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2004.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2004] [Revised: 12/03/2004] [Accepted: 12/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of waterborne cadmium on hyper-osmoregulatory capacity of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis acclimated to freshwater. For this purpose, crabs were submitted to acute (0.5 mg Cd L(-1) for 1, 2 or 3 days), chronic (10 or 50 microg Cd L(-1) for 30 days) or chronic, immediately followed by acute, exposure. While no effect was observed after 1 or 2 days, hemolymph osmolality, Na(+) and Cl(-) concentrations were significantly reduced after 3 days of acute exposure. Under this latter condition, the respiratory anterior gill ultrastructure, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and cytochrome c oxidase activities were significantly impaired. In contrast, the osmoregulatory posterior gill was unaffected for all treatments. As a consequence, we suggest that the observed hyper-osmoregulatory capacity impairment is the result of increased dissipative flow of ions and/or water through anterior gills. In contrast to acute exposure, chronic exposure did not induce any observable effect. However, crabs submitted to a known deleterious acute condition (0.5 mg Cd L(-1) for 3 days) directly after chronic exposure to 50 microg Cd L(-1) for 30 days showed normal hyper-osmoregulatory capacity with no change in gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity, and only little disturbance of anterior gill ultrastructure. These results demonstrate that a chronic cadmium exposure can induce acclimation mechanisms related to osmoregulation in this euryhaline decapod crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Silvestre
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Organismes, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium.
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Tylko G, Banach Z, Borowska J, Niklińska M, Pyza E. Elemental changes in the brain, muscle, and gut cells of the housefly,Musca domestica, exposed to heavy metals. Microsc Res Tech 2005; 66:239-47. [PMID: 15940683 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The toxic effects of heavy metals on organisms are well established. However, their specific action at the cellular level in different tissues is mostly unknown. We have used the housefly, Musca domestica, as a model organism to study the toxicity of four heavy metals: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb). These have been fed to larvae at low and high, semi-lethal concentrations, and their accumulation in the head, thorax, and abdomen was subsequently measured in adult flies. In addition, their impact on the cellular concentration of several elements important for cell metabolism-sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg++), phosphorous (P), sulphur (S), chloride (Cl-) and potassium (K+)-were measured in neural cells, muscle fibers, and midgut epithelial cells. Our study showed that the heavy metals accumulate mainly in the abdomen, in which the concentrations of two of the xenobiotic metals, Cd and Pb, were 213 and 23 times more concentrated, respectively, than in controls. All the heavy metals affected the cellular concentration of light elements in all cell types, but the changes observed were dependent on tissue type and were specific for each heavy metal, and its concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Tylko
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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