1
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Galashov A, Kazakova E, Stieger CE, Hackenberger CPR, Seitz O. Rapid building block-economic synthesis of long, multi- O-GalNAcylated MUC5AC tandem repeat peptides. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1297-1305. [PMID: 38274058 PMCID: PMC10806717 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05006h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of mucin function requires access to highly O-glycosylated peptides with multiple tandem repeats. Solid-phase synthesis would be a suitable method, however, the central problem in the synthesis of mucin glycopeptides is the need to use precious and potentially vulnerable glycoamino acid building blocks in excess. In this article, we report the development of a method based on SPPS and native chemical ligation/desulfurization chemistry that allows the rapid, reliable, and glyco-economical synthesis of long multi-O-GalNAcylated peptides. To facilitate access to the glycosyl donor required for the preparation of Fmoc-Ser/Thr(αAc3GalNAc)-OH we used an easily scalable azidophenylselenylation of galactal instead of azidonitration. The problem of low yield when coupling glycoamino acids in small excess was solved by carrying out the reactions in 2-MeTHF instead of DMF and using DIC/Oxyma. Remarkably, quantitative coupling was achieved within 10 minutes using only 1.5 equivalents of glycoamino acid. The method does not require (microwave) heating, thus avoiding side reactions such as acetyl transfer to the N-terminal amino acid. This method also improved the difficult coupling of glycoamino acid to the hydrazine-resin and furnished peptides carrying 10 GalNAc units in high purities (>95%) of crude products. Combined with a one-pot method involving native chemical ligation at a glycoamino acid junction and superfast desulfurization, the method yielded highly pure MUC5AC glycopeptides comprising 10 octapeptide tandem repeats with 20 α-O-linked GalNAc residues within a week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseniy Galashov
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Ekaterina Kazakova
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Christian E Stieger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Christian P R Hackenberger
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Oliver Seitz
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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2
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He X, Chen Y, Guo J, Niu W. Site-Specific Incorporation of Sulfotyrosine into Proteins in Mammalian Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2676:233-243. [PMID: 37277637 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3251-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine O-sulfation (PTS) plays a crucial role in numerous extracellular protein-protein interactions. It is involved in diverse physiological processes and the development of human diseases, including AIDS and cancer. To facilitate the study of PTS in live mammalian cells, an approach for the site-specific synthesis of tyrosine-sulfated proteins (sulfoproteins) was developed. This approach takes advantage of an evolved Escherichia coli tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase to genetically encode sulfotyrosine (sTyr) into any proteins of interest (POI) in response to a UAG stop codon. Here, we give a step-by-step account of the incorporation of sTyr in HEK293T cells using the enhanced green fluorescent protein as an example. This method can be widely applied to incorporating sTyr into any POI to investigate the biological functions of PTS in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan He
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jiantao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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3
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He X, Guo J, Niu W. Studying Protein Tyrosine O-Sulfation in Mammalian Cells with Genetically Encoded Sulfotyrosine. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e301. [PMID: 34767302 PMCID: PMC8597929 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine O-sulfation (PTS) is a post-translational modification (PTM) that occurs exclusively on secreted and membrane-bound proteins. It participates in a wide range of important biological processes and is involved in the development of many diseases. The biomedical importance of PTS can only be fully unveiled when the right chemical/biological tools are available. This article outlines the steps for using an engineered Escherichia coli tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase to genetically encode sulfotyrosine (sTyr) for biological investigations of PTS in mammalian cells. Two basic protocols are described to demonstrate this methodology, including the site-specific incorporation of sTyr into eGFP protein in HEK293T cells and the functional study of an sTyr-containing CXCR4 protein using a calcium mobilization assay. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Site-specific incorporation of sTyr into eGFP Basic Protocol 2: Functional study of site-specifically sulfated CXCR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan He
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Jiantao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
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4
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Zhang J, Liu D, Saikam V, Gadi MR, Gibbons C, Fu X, Song H, Yu J, Kondengaden SM, Wang PG, Wen L. Machine-Driven Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycopeptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19825-19829. [PMID: 32677091 PMCID: PMC7733604 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Historically, researchers have put considerable effort into developing automation systems to prepare natural biopolymers such as peptides and oligonucleotides. The availability of such mature systems has significantly advanced the development of natural science. Over the past twenty years, breakthroughs in automated synthesis of oligosaccharides have also been achieved. A machine-driven platform for glycopeptide synthesis by a reconstructed peptide synthesizer is described. The designed platform is based on the use of an amine-functionalized silica resin to facilitate the chemical synthesis of peptides in organic solvent as well as the enzymatic synthesis of glycan epitopes in the aqueous phase in a single reaction vessel. Both syntheses were performed by a peptide synthesizer in a semiautomated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Varma Saikam
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Madhusudhan R Gadi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | | | - Xuan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Heliang Song
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jin Yu
- Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Peng G Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
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5
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He X, Chen Y, Beltran DG, Kelly M, Ma B, Lawrie J, Wang F, Dodds E, Zhang L, Guo J, Niu W. Functional genetic encoding of sulfotyrosine in mammalian cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4820. [PMID: 32973160 PMCID: PMC7515910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine O-sulfation (PTS) plays a crucial role in extracellular biomolecular interactions that dictate various cellular processes. It also involves in the development of many human diseases. Regardless of recent progress, our current understanding of PTS is still in its infancy. To promote and facilitate relevant studies, a generally applicable method is needed to enable efficient expression of sulfoproteins with defined sulfation sites in live mammalian cells. Here we report the engineering, in vitro biochemical characterization, structural study, and in vivo functional verification of a tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase mutant for the genetic encoding of sulfotyrosine in mammalian cells. We further apply this chemical biology tool to cell-based studies on the role of a sulfation site in the activation of chemokine receptor CXCR4 by its ligand. Our work will not only facilitate cellular studies of PTS, but also paves the way for economical production of sulfated proteins as therapeutic agents in mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan He
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Daisy Guiza Beltran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Maia Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Justin Lawrie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Eric Dodds
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Jiantao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA.
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA.
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6
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Zhang J, Liu D, Saikam V, Gadi MR, Gibbons C, Fu X, Song H, Yu J, Kondengaden SM, Wang PG, Wen L. Machine‐Driven Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycopeptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Varma Saikam
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | | | | | - Xuan Fu
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Heliang Song
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Jin Yu
- Imperial College London Du Cane Road London W12 0NN UK
| | | | - Peng G. Wang
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
- School of Medicine Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
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7
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Zhang Q, Li Z, Song X. Preparation of Complex Glycans From Natural Sources for Functional Study. Front Chem 2020; 8:508. [PMID: 32719769 PMCID: PMC7348041 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One major barrier in glycoscience is the lack of diverse and biomedically relevant complex glycans in sufficient quantities for functional study. Complex glycans from natural sources serve as an important source of these glycans and an alternative to challenging chemoenzymatic synthesis. This review discusses preparation of complex glycans from several classes of glycoconjugates using both enzymatic and chemical release approaches. Novel technologies have been developed to advance the large-scale preparation of complex glycans from natural sources. We also highlight recent approaches and methods developed in functional and fluorescent tagging and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) isolation of released glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhonghua Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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8
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Hattie M, Stubbs KA. Generalising a Simple Methodology for the Regioselective Anomeric Deacetylation of Carbohydrates. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Hattie
- School of Molecular Sciences University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - Keith A. Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Australia
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9
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Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most prevalent posttranslational modifications that profoundly affects the structure and functions of proteins in a wide variety of biological recognition events. However, the structural complexity and heterogeneity of glycoproteins, usually resulting from the variations of glycan components and/or the sites of glycosylation, often complicates detailed structure-function relationship studies and hampers the therapeutic applications of glycoproteins. To address these challenges, various chemical and biological strategies have been developed for producing glycan-defined homogeneous glycoproteins. This review highlights recent advances in the development of chemoenzymatic methods for synthesizing homogeneous glycoproteins, including the generation of various glycosynthases for synthetic purposes, endoglycosidase-catalyzed glycoprotein synthesis and glycan remodeling, and direct enzymatic glycosylation of polypeptides and proteins. The scope, limitation, and future directions of each method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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10
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Zhou Z, Ding W, Li C, Wu Z. Synthesis and immunological study of a wall teichoic acid-based vaccine against E. faecium U0317. J Carbohydr Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2017.1390576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenzhang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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11
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Ju T, Hu D, Xiang SH, Guo J. Sulfotyrosine dipeptide: Synthesis and evaluation as HIV-entry inhibitor. Bioorg Chem 2016; 68:105-11. [PMID: 27475281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is responsible for the worldwide AIDS pandemic. Due to the lack of prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine, drug treatment of the infected patients becomes essential to reduce the viral load and to slow down progression of the disease. Because of drug resistance, finding new antiviral agents is necessary for AIDS drug therapies. The interaction of gp120 and co-receptor (CCR5/CXCR4) mediates the entry of HIV-1 into host cells, which has been increasingly exploited in recent years as the target for new antiviral agents. A conserved co-receptor binding site on gp120 that recognizes sulfotyrosine (sTyr) residues represents a structural target to design novel HIV entry inhibitors. In this work, we developed an efficient synthesis of sulfotyrosine dipeptide and evaluated it as an HIV-1 entry inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ju
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Duoyi Hu
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Shi-Hua Xiang
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States.
| | - Jiantao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States.
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12
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Chen W, Dong J, Li S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Yoon L, Wu P, Sharpless KB, Kelly JW. Synthesis of Sulfotyrosine-Containing Peptides by Incorporating Fluorosulfated Tyrosine Using an Fmoc-Based Solid-Phase Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1835-8. [PMID: 26696445 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine O-sulfation is a common protein post-translational modification that regulates many biological processes, including leukocyte adhesion and chemotaxis. Many peptides with therapeutic potential contain one or more sulfotyrosine residues. We report a one-step synthesis for Fmoc-fluorosulfated tyrosine. An efficient Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthetic strategy is then introduced for incorporating the fluorosulfated tyrosine residue into peptides of interest. Standard simultaneous peptide-resin cleavage and removal of the acid-labile side-chain protecting groups affords the crude peptides containing fluorosulfated tyrosine. Basic ethylene glycol, serving both as solvent and reactant, transforms the fluorosulfated tyrosine peptides into sulfotyrosine peptides in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Suhua Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Leonard Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - K Barry Sharpless
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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13
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Chen W, Dong J, Li S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Yoon L, Wu P, Sharpless KB, Kelly JW. Synthesis of Sulfotyrosine-Containing Peptides by Incorporating Fluorosulfated Tyrosine Using an Fmoc-Based Solid-Phase Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Chen
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Suhua Li
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Leonard Yoon
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - K. Barry Sharpless
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Jeffery W. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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14
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Yu F, McConnell MS, Nguyen HM. Scalable synthesis of Fmoc-protected GalNAc-threonine amino acid and T(N) antigen via nickel catalysis. Org Lett 2015; 17:2018-21. [PMID: 25853273 PMCID: PMC4752204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The highly α-selective and scalable synthesis of the Fmoc-protected GalNAc-threonine amino acid and TN antigen in gram scale (0.5-1 g) is described. The challenging 1,2-cis-2-amino glycosidic bond is addressed through a coupling of threonine residues with C(2)-N-ortho-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidenamino trihaloacetimidate donors mediated by Ni(4-F-PhCN)4(OTf)2. The desired 1,2-cis-2-amino glycoside was obtained in 66% yield (3.77 g) with α-only selectivity and subsequently transformed into the Fmoc-protected GalNAc-threonine and TN antigen. This operationally simple procedure no longer requires utilization of the commonly used C(2)-azido donors and overcomes many of the limitations associated with the synthesis of 1,2-cis linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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15
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Arihara R, Kakita K, Suzuki N, Nakamura S, Hashimoto S. Glycosylation with 2-Acetamido-2-deoxyglycosyl Donors at a Low Temperature: Scope of the Non-Oxazoline Method. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4259-77. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Arihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kakita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Seiichi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shunichi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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16
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17
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A Modular Approach to the Total Synthesis of Tunicamycins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6618-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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18
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Hurevich M, Seeberger PH. Automated glycopeptide assembly by combined solid-phase peptide and oligosaccharide synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1851-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48761j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Automated synthesis of glycopeptides was achieved using monosaccharide and amino acid building blocks. Using polystyrene beads equipped with photo-labile linker as solid support, all synthetic manipulations were performed using a single instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattan Hurevich
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Biomolecular Systems
- 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Biomolecular Systems
- 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universitat Berlin
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
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19
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Jacobson JM, Kitov PI, Bundle DR. The synthesis of a multivalent heterobifunctional ligand for specific interaction with Shiga toxin 2 produced by E. coli O157:H7. Carbohydr Res 2013; 378:4-14. [PMID: 23768952 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a potentially fatal complication of food poisoning caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7, especially those strains that produce the Stx2 Shiga toxin. Multivalent inhibitors based on the P(k) trisaccharide are most effective against Stx1 the less dangerous of the two Shiga toxins. Inhibitors containing a terminal 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-galactopyranosyl residue in place of the terminal α-d-galactopyranosyl residue of P(k) trisaccharide have been shown to exhibit preferential binding to Stx2. A multivalent heterobifunctional P(k) analog containing 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-galactopyranose has been synthesized in a format that facilitates the ablation of toxin activity via supramolecular complex formation between Stx and the endogenous protein, Human serum amyloid P component (HuSAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Jacobson
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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Yosief HO, Weiss PAA, S.Iyer PS. Capture of uropathogenic E. coli by using synthetic glycan ligands specific for the pap-pilus. Chembiochem 2013; 14:251-9. [PMID: 23307594 PMCID: PMC5453672 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biotinylated mono- and biantennary di-/trisaccharides were synthesized to evaluate their ability to capture E. coli strains that express pilus types with different receptor specificities. The synthesized biotinylated di-/trisaccharides contain Galα(1→4)Gal, Galα(1→4)GalNHAc, GalNHAcα(1→4)Gal, Galα(1→4)Galβ(1→4)Glc and GalNHAcα(1→4)Galβ(1→4)Glc as carbohydrate epitopes. These biotinylated oligosaccharides were immobilized on streptavidin-coated magnetic beads, and incubated with different strains of live E. coli. Capturing ability was assessed by using a luciferase assay that detects bacterial ATP. The trisaccharides containing Galα(1→4)Galβ(1→4)Glc and the disaccharides containing Galα(1→4)Gal as the epitopes exhibited strong capturing ability for uropathogenic E. coli strains with the pap pilus genotype, including CFT073, J96 and J96 pilE. The same ligands failed to capture E. coli strains with fim, prs, or foc genotypes. Uropathogenic CFT073 was also captured moderately by biantennary disaccharides containing a GalNHAc moiety at the reducing end; however, other saccharides containing GalNHAc at the nonreducing end did not capture the CFT073 strain. These synthetic glycoconjugates could potentially be adapted as rapid diagnostic agents to differentiate between different E. coli pathovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailemichael O. Yosief
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 301 Clifton Court, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio-4522
| | - Professor Alison A. Weiss
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; OH-45220
| | - Professor Suri S.Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, 788 Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Avenue, Atlanta, GA-30302
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Kakita K, Tsuda T, Suzuki N, Nakamura S, Nambu H, Hashimoto S. A stereocontrolled construction of 2-azido-2-deoxy-1,2-cis-α-galactosidic linkages utilizing 2-azido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxygalactopyranosyl diphenyl phosphates: stereoselective synthesis of mucin core 5 and core 7 structures. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Feng J, Hevey R, Ling CC. Synthesis of a Forssman antigen derivative for use in a conjugate vaccine. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2650-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hsu CH, Hung SC, Wu CY, Wong CH. Toward automated oligosaccharide synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11872-923. [PMID: 22127846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates have been shown to play important roles in biological processes. The pace of development in carbohydrate research is, however, relatively slow due to the problems associated with the complexity of carbohydrate structures and the lack of general synthetic methods and tools available for the study of this class of biomolecules. Recent advances in synthesis have demonstrated that many of these problems can be circumvented. In this Review, we describe the methods developed to tackle the problems of carbohydrate-mediated biological processes, with particular focus on the issue related to the development of the automated synthesis of oligosaccharides. Further applications of carbohydrate microarrays and vaccines to human diseases are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsiung Hsu
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hsu CH, Hung SC, Wu CY, Wong CH. Auf dem Weg zur automatisierten Oligosaccharid- Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ju T, Otto VI, Cummings RD. The Tn antigen-structural simplicity and biological complexity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:1770-91. [PMID: 21259410 PMCID: PMC7159538 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycoproteins in animal cells contain a variety of glycan structures that are added co- and/or posttranslationally to proteins. Of over 20 different types of sugar-amino acid linkages known, the two major types are N-glycans (Asn-linked) and O-glycans (Ser/Thr-linked). An abnormal mucin-type O-glycan whose expression is associated with cancer and several human disorders is the Tn antigen. It has a relatively simple structure composed of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine with a glycosidic α linkage to serine/threonine residues in glycoproteins (GalNAcα1-O-Ser/Thr), and was one of the first glycoconjugates to be chemically synthesized. The Tn antigen is normally modified by a specific galactosyltransferase (T-synthase) in the Golgi apparatus of cells. Expression of active T-synthase is uniquely dependent on the molecular chaperone Cosmc, which is encoded by a gene on the X chromosome. Expression of the Tn antigen can arise as a consequence of mutations in the genes for T-synthase or Cosmc, or genes affecting other steps of O-glycosylation pathways. Because of the association of the Tn antigen with disease, there is much interest in the development of Tn-based vaccines and other therapeutic approaches based on Tn expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzhong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4001, Atlanta, GA 30322 (USA), Fax: (+1) 404‐727‐2738
| | - Vivianne I. Otto
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland)
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4001, Atlanta, GA 30322 (USA), Fax: (+1) 404‐727‐2738
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Ju T, Otto VI, Cummings RD. Das Tn-Antigen - strukturell einfach und biologisch komplex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Ludek OR, Gu W, Gildersleeve JC. Activation of glycosyl trichloroacetimidates with perchloric acid on silica (HClO(4)-SiO(2)) provides enhanced alpha-selectivity. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:2074-8. [PMID: 20692651 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining high stereoselectivity in glycosylation reactions is often challenging in the absence of neighboring group participation. In this study, we demonstrate that activation of glycosyl trichloroacetimidate donors with immobilized perchloric acid on silica (HClO(4)-SiO(2)) provides higher alpha-selectivity than trimethylsilyl triflate (TMSOTf) for reactions that do not involve neighboring group participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf R Ludek
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Krishnamurthy VR, Dougherty A, Kamath M, Song X, Cummings RD, Chaikof EL. Synthesis of an Fmoc-threonine bearing core-2 glycan: a building block for PSGL-1 via Fmoc-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1541-7. [PMID: 20561607 PMCID: PMC2902660 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Selectins (L, E, and P) are vascular endothelial molecules that play an important role in the recruitment of leukocytes to inflamed tissue. In this regard, P-Selectin glycoprotein-1 (PSGL-1) has been identified as a ligand for P-Selectin. PSGL-1 binds to P-Selectin through the interaction of core-2 O-glycan expressing sialyl Lewis(x) oligosaccharide and the three tyrosine sulfate residues. Herein, we report the synthesis of threonine-linked core-2 O-glycan as an amino acid building block for the synthesis of PSGL-1. This building block was further incorporated in the Fmoc-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis to provide a portion of the PSGL-1 glycopeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata R Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, and Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ann Dougherty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, and Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Medha Kamath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, and Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Elliot. L. Chaikof
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, and Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Abstract
In this account, we describe the results of a research program directed to the proposition that chemical synthesis can play a valuable role in identifying biologic level molecules worthy of pharma level development. We recount our journey towards the chemical synthesis of homogeneous erythropoietin, the challenges we encountered, and our efforts to address deficiencies in the current "state of the art" of glycopeptide synthesis. Here we describe new methods for the synthesis of glycopeptides that have emerged from the erythropoietin adventure, including the development of unique C-terminal acyl donors, novel amide bond forming methods, and new ligation and coupling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Kan
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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30
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Kale R, McGannon C, Fuller-Schaefer C, Hatch D, Flagler M, Gamage S, Weiss A, Iyer S. Differentiation between Structurally Homologous Shiga 1 and Shiga 2 Toxins by Using Synthetic Glycoconjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200703680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Kale R, McGannon C, Fuller-Schaefer C, Hatch D, Flagler M, Gamage S, Weiss A, Iyer S. Differentiation between Structurally Homologous Shiga 1 and Shiga 2 Toxins by Using Synthetic Glycoconjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:1265-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Geng Y, Zhang LH, Ye XS. Pre-activation protocol leading to highly stereoselectivity-controllable glycosylations of oxazolidinone protected glucosamines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:597-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b712591g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Payne RJ, Ficht S, Tang S, Brik A, Yang YY, Case DA, Wong CH. Extended Sugar-Assisted Glycopeptide Ligations: Development, Scope, and Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:13527-36. [DOI: 10.1021/ja073653p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Payne
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, and The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Simon Ficht
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, and The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Sishi Tang
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, and The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, and The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Yang
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, and The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - David A. Case
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, and The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, and The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Seibert C, Sakmar TP. Toward a framework for sulfoproteomics: Synthesis and characterization of sulfotyrosine-containing peptides. Biopolymers 2007; 90:459-77. [PMID: 17680702 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine sulfation is one of the most common post-translational modifications in secreted and transmembrane proteins and a key modulator of extracellular protein-protein interactions. Several proteins known to be tyrosine sulfated play important roles in physiological processes, and in some cases a direct link between protein function and tyrosine sulfation has been established. In blood coagulation, tyrosine sulfation of factor VIII is required for efficient binding of von Willebrand factor; in leukocyte adhesion, tyrosine sulfation of the P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 mediates high-affinity binding to P-selectin; and in leukocyte chemotaxis, tyrosine sulfation of chemokine receptors is required for optimal interaction with chemokine ligands. Furthermore, tyrosine sulfation has been implicated in several infectious diseases. In particular, tyrosine sulfation of the HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5 is required for viral entry into host cells and tyrosine sulfation of the Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines is crucial for erythrocyte invasion by the malaria parasite plasmodium vivax. Despite increasing interest in tyrosine sulfation in recent years, the sulfoproteome still remains largely unexplored. To date, only a relatively small number of sulfotyrosine-containing peptides and proteins have been identified, and a specific role for tyrosine sulfation has not been established for most of these. Here, we provide an overview of the biology and enzymology of tyrosine sulfation and discuss recent developments in preparative and analytical methods that are central to sulfoproteome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Seibert
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Abstract
Sugar-assisted ligation (SAL) presents an attractive strategy for the synthesis of glycopeptides, including the synthesis of cysteine-free beta-O-linked and N-linked glycopeptides. Here we extended the utility of SAL for the synthesis of alpha-O-linked glycopeptides and glycoproteins. In order to explore SAL in the context of glycoprotein synthesis, we developed a new chemical synthetic route for the alpha-O-linked glycoprotein diptericin epsilon. In the first stage of our synthesis, diptericin segment Cys(Acm)37-Gly(52) and segment Val(53)-Phe(82) were assembled by SAL through a Gly-Val ligation junction. Subsequently, after Acm deprotection, diptericin segment Cys(37)-Phe(82) was ligated to segment Asp(1)-Asn(36) by means of native chemical ligation (NCL) to give the full sequence of diptericin epsilon. In the final synthetic step, hydrogenolysis was applied to remove the thiol handle from the sugar moiety with the concomitant conversion of mutated Cys(37) into the native alanine residue. In addition, we extended the applicability of SAL to the synthesis of glycopeptides containing cysteine residues by carrying out selective desulfurization of the sulfhydryl-modified sugar moiety in the presence of acetamidomethyl (Acm) protected cysteine residues. The results presented here demonstrated for the first time that SAL could be a general and useful tool in the chemical synthesis of glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Simon Ficht
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- E-mail: ,
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- E-mail: ,
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Giraud A, Chabaud O, Lejeune PJ, Barbaria J, Mallet B. The plasminogen-like molecule apically secreted by epithelial thyroid cells is sulfated. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 346:746-50. [PMID: 16780793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Plasminogen (Pl), a circulating protease synthesized in the liver, is also present in several tissues. In the thyroid gland a Pl-like protease was found in the apical lumen where it is involved, through its proteolytic activity, in luminal degradation of thyroglobulin (Tg). Here, we showed for the first time that the Pl-like protease apically secreted by epithelial thyroid cells is sulfated, both on tyrosine residue(s) and on oligosaccharide side chains. The Pl molecule is composed of a large N-terminal moiety made of five distinct Kringle domains (K1-K5) separated by small peptidic fragments, and of a C-terminal domain with serine protease activity. Using a software tool able to predict tyrosine sulfation sites in protein sequences we localized the potential tyrosine sulfation sites of Pl. Then, we became aware that, whatever the species considered, at least three of the four potential tyrosine sulfation sites of Pl were located on Kringle sites, and more precisely, for K1, on the highly conserved binding domain of K1. We determined with the same software tool which potential sulfation sites were the most likely to be really sulfated. We hypothesize that the sulfation of these sites modulates the binding properties of Pl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Giraud
- INSERM U555, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Bd. Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.
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38
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Abstract
This review describes the recent advances in the field of glycopeptide and small glycoprotein synthesis. The strategies covered include chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis, native chemical ligation (NCL), and expressed chemical ligation. The importance of glycopeptide synthesis is exemplified by giving the reader an overview of how versatile and important these well-defined glycopeptides are as tools in glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Buskas
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, USA
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Abstract
The development of chemical and enzymatic methods for the synthesis of homogeneous glycoproteins is a fascinating challenge at the interface between chemistry and biology. Discussed here are the currently available methods for preparation of homogeneous glycoproteins. These methods include (1) glycopeptide ligation; (2) glycoprotein remodeling; and (3) in vivo suppressor tRNA technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Fumoto M, Hinou H, Ohta T, Ito T, Yamada K, Takimoto A, Kondo H, Shimizu H, Inazu T, Nakahara Y, Nishimura SI. Combinatorial Synthesis of MUC1 Glycopeptides: Polymer Blotting Facilitates Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis of Highly Complicated Mucin Glycopeptides. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:11804-18. [PMID: 16104759 DOI: 10.1021/ja052521y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chemoselective polymer blotting method allows for rapid and efficient synthesis of glycopeptides based on a "catch and release" strategy between solid-phase and water-soluble polymer supports. We have developed a heterobifunctional linker sensitive to glutamic acid specific protease (BLase). The general procedure consists of five steps, namely (i) the solid-phase synthesis of glycopeptide containing BLase sensitive linker, (ii) subsequent deprotections and the release of the glycopeptide from the resin, (iii) chemoselective blotting of the glycopeptide intermediates in the presence of water-soluble polymers with oxylamino functional groups, (iv) sugar elongations using glycosyltransferases, and (v) the release of target glycopeptides from the polymer platform by selective BLase promoted hydrolysis. The combined use of the solid-phase chemical syntheses of peptides and the enzymatic syntheses of carbohydrates on water-soluble polymers would greatly contribute to the production of complicated glycopeptide libraries, thereby enhancing applicative research. We report here a high-throughput synthetic system for the various types of MUC1 glycopeptides exhibiting a variety of sugar moieties. It is our belief that this concept will become part of the entrenched repertoire for the synthesis of biologically important glycopeptides on the basis of glycosyltransferase reactions in automated and combinatorial syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Fumoto
- Glycochemosynthesis Team, Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan
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41
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Cid MB, Alfonso F, Martín-Lomas M. A Study on the Influence of the Structure of the Glycosyl Acceptors on the Stereochemistry of the Glycosylation Reactions with 2-Azido-2-Deoxy-Hexopyranosyl Trichloroacetimidates. Chemistry 2004; 11:928-38. [PMID: 15593131 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The stereochemical outcome of glycosylations with 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-gluco- and D-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidates as glycosyl donors has been investigated by using a series of chiro-inositol derivatives as glycosyl acceptors. The influence of the absolute configuration, the conformation and the conformational flexibility of the glycosyl acceptor has been studied by using different glycosyl donors under similar pre-established experimental conditions. Although the structure of the acceptor may play a role in governing the stereochemistry of these glycosylations, the results show that, in general terms, the relative influence of these factors is difficult to evaluate. For a given set of experimental conditions, the stereochemical course of these glycosylations depends on structural features of both glycosyl donor and glycosyl acceptor. It is a balance of these factors, where the structure of the glycosyl donor always plays a major role, which determines the stereochemistry of the coupling reaction. Therefore, the examples reported in the literature in which the structure of the glycosyl acceptor appears to be crucial in determining the stereochemistry of the reaction constitute particularly favorable cases which do not presently allow any further generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Belén Cid
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Spain.
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42
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Grogan MJ, Pratt MR, Marcaurelle LA, Bertozzi CR. Homogeneous glycopeptides and glycoproteins for biological investigation. Annu Rev Biochem 2002; 71:593-634. [PMID: 12045107 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is widely recognized as a modulator of protein structure, localization, and cell-cell recognition in multicellular systems. Glycoproteins are typically expressed as mixtures of glycoforms, their oligosaccharides being generated by a template-independent biosynthetic process. Investigation of their function has been greatly assisted by sources of homogeneous material. This review summarizes current efforts to obtain homogeneous glycopeptide and glycoprotein materials by a variety of methods that draw from the techniques of recombinant expression, chemical synthesis, enzymatic transformation, and chemoselective ligation. Some of these techniques remove obstacles to glycoprotein synthesis by installing nonnative linkages and other modifications for facilitated assembly. The end purpose of the described approaches is the production of glycosylated materials for experiments relevant to the biological investigation of glycoproteins, although the strategies presented apply to other posttranslational modifications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Grogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California; Berkeley California 94720, USA.
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Mozhaev VV, Khmelnitsky YL, Sanchez-Riera F, Maurina-Brunker J, Rosson RA, Grund AD. Arylsulfotransferase from Clostridium innocuum-A new enzyme catalyst for sulfation of phenol-containing compounds. Biotechnol Bioeng 2002; 78:567-75. [PMID: 12115126 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Arylsulfotransferase (AST, EC 2.8.2.22), an enzyme capable of sulfating a wide range of phenol-containing compounds was purified from a Clostridium innocuum isolate (strain 554). The enzyme has a molecular weight of 320 kDa and is composed of four subunits. Unlike many mammalian and plant arylsulfotransferases, AST from Clostridium utilizes arylsulfates, including p-nitrophenyl sulfate, as sulfate donors, and is not reactive with 3-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS). The enzyme possesses broad substrate specificity and is active with a variety of phenols, quinones and flavonoids, but does not utilize primary and secondary alcohols and sugars as substrates. Arylsulfotransferase tolerates the presence of 10 vol% of polar cosolvents (dimethyl formamide, acetonitrile, methanol), but loses significant activity at higher solvent concentrations of 30-40 vol%. The enzyme retains high arylsulfotransferase activity in biphasic systems composed of water and nonpolar solvents, such as cyclohexane, toluene and chloroform, while in biphasic systems with more polar solvents (ethyl acetate, 2-pentanone, methyl tert-butyl ether, and butyl acetate) the enzyme activity is completely lost. High yields of AST-catalyzed sulfation were achieved in reactions with several phenols and tyrosine-containing peptides. Overall, AST studied in this work is a promising biocatalyst in organic synthesis to afford efficient sulfation of phenolic compounds under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V Mozhaev
- Biocatalysis Division, Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 2660 Crosspark Road, Coralville, Iowa 52241, USA
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