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Angeli A, Kartsev V, Petrou A, Lichitsky B, Komogortsev A, Geronikaki A, Supuran CT. Substituted furan sulfonamides as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Synthesis, biological and in silico studies. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106621. [PMID: 37257407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide involved in several of biological processes, such as respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show wide diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. Fifteen novel furyl sulfonamides were designed, synthesized and evaluated against four human isoforms: hCA I, hCA II, hCA IV and hCA IX. Compounds appeared to be very active mostly against hCAI (8) and hCA IV (11) isoforms being more potent than reference drug acetazolamide (AAZ). It should be mentioned that four compounds were more active than AAZ against hCA IX isoform, with compound 13d to be selective against hCA I (SI 70), hCA II (SI 13.5) and hCA IV (SI 20). Furthermore, docking was performed for some of these compounds on all isoforms I order to understand the possible interactions with the active site. The most active compounds showed good bioavailability and drug likeness scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- NeuroFarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, no. 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | | | - Anthi Petrou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Boris Lichitsky
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey Komogortsev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NeuroFarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Sapmaz A, Çalışır Ü, Akkemik E, Çiçek B. Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Benzo-Azacrown Ethers and In Vitro Inhibition Studies on hCA I–II. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363223020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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3
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Pandya N, Singh M, Rani R, Kumar V, Kumar A. G-quadruplex-mediated specific recognition, stabilization and transcriptional repression of bcl-2 by small molecule. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 734:109483. [PMID: 36513132 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The presence of the G-quadruplex (G4) structure in the promoter region of the human bcl-2 oncogenes makes it a promising target for developing anti-cancer therapeutics. Bcl-2 inhibits apoptosis, and its frequent overexpression in cancer cells contributes to tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy. Small molecules that can specifically bind to bcl-2 G4 with high affinity and selectivity are remaining elusive. Here, we report that small molecule 1,3-bis-) furane-2yl-methylidene-amino) guanidine (BiGh) binds to bcl-2 G4 DNA structure with very high affinity and selectivity over other genomic G4 DNA structures and duplex DNA. BiGh stabilizes folded parallel conformation of bcl-2 G4 via non-covalent and electrostatic interactions and increases the thermal stabilization up to 15 °C. The ligand significantly suppresses the bcl-2 transcription in HeLa cells by a G4-dependent mechanism and induces cell cycle arrest which promotes apoptosis. The in silico ADME profiling confirms the potential 'drug-likeness' of BiGh. Our results showed that BiGh stabilizes the bcl-2 G-quadruplex motif, downregulates the bcl-2 gene transcription as well as translation process in cervical cancer cells, and exhibits potential anti-cancer activity. This work provides a potential platform for the development of lead compound(s) as G4 stabilizers with drug-like properties of BiGh for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali Pandya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Mamta Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Reshma Rani
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Vinit Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
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Hou Z, Li C, Liu Y, Zhang M, Wang Y, Fan Z, Guo C, Lin B, Liu Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of carbohydrate-based sulphonamide derivatives as topical antiglaucoma agents through selective inhibition of carbonic anhydrase II. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:383-390. [PMID: 31865756 PMCID: PMC6968511 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1705293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new carbohydrate-based sulphonamide derivatives were designed, synthesised by employing the so-call ‘sugar-tail’ approach. The compounds were evaluated in vitro against a panel of CAs. Compared to their parent compound p-sulfamoylbenzoic acid, these compounds showed nearly 100-fold improvement in their binding affinities against hCA II in vitro. All of compounds showed great water solubility and the pH value of their water solutions of compounds is 7.0. Such properties are advantageous to make them much less irritating to the eye when applied topical glaucomatous drugs, compared to the relatively highly acidic dorzolamide preparations (pH 5.5). Notably, compounds 7d, 7 g, 7 h demonstrated to topically lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucomatous animals better than brinzolamide when applied as a 1% solution directly into the eye. Low cytotoxicity on human cornea epithelial cell was observed in the tested concentrations by the MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuanchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yichuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhanfang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Even though significant advances have been made in its management, currently available antiglaucoma therapies suffer from considerable drawbacks. Typically, the success and efficacy of glaucoma medications are undermined by their limited bioavailability to target tissues and the inadequate adherence demonstrated by patients with glaucoma. The latter is due to a gradual decrease in tolerability of lifelong topical therapies and the significant burden to patients of prescribed stepwise antiglaucoma regimens with frequent dosing which impact quality of life. On the other hand, glaucoma surgery is restricted by the inability of antifibrotic agents to efficiently control the wound healing process without causing severe collateral damage and long-term complications. Evolution of the treatment paradigm for patients with glaucoma will ideally include prevention of retinal ganglion cell degeneration by the successful delivery of neurotrophic factors, anti-inflammatory drugs, and gene therapies. Nanotechnology-based treatments may surpass the limitations of currently available glaucoma therapies through optimized targeted drug delivery, increased bioavailability, and controlled release. This review addresses the recent advances in glaucoma treatment strategies employing nanotechnology, including medical and surgical management, neuroregeneration, and neuroprotection.
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Structure-activity relationship of human carbonic anhydrase-II inhibitors: Detailed insight for future development as anti-glaucoma agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 95:103557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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An overview of structurally diversified anticonvulsant agents. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:321-344. [PMID: 31259739 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There are several limited approaches to treat epilepsy in hospitals, for example, using medicines, surgery, electrical stimulation and dietary interventions. Despite the availability of all these new and old approaches, seizure is particularly difficult to manage. The quest for new antiepileptic molecules with more specificity and less CNS toxicity continues for medicinal chemists until a new and ideal drug arrives. This review covers new antiseizure molecules of different chemical classes, the exact mode of action of which is still unidentified. Newer agents include sulfonamides, thiadiazoles, semi- and thiosemicarbazones, pyrrolidine-2,5-diones, imidazoles, benzothiazoles and amino acid deriva tives. These new chemical entities can be useful for the design and development of forthcoming antiseizure agents.
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Mishra CB, Kumari S, Angeli A, Bua S, Tiwari M, Supuran CT. Discovery of Benzenesulfonamide Derivatives as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors with Effective Anticonvulsant Action: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3151-3165. [PMID: 29566486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two series of novel benzenesulfonamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their human carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory activity against four isoforms, hCA I, hCA II, hCA VII, and hCA IX. It was found that compounds of both series showed low to medium nanomolar inhibitory potential against all isoforms. Some of these derivatives displayed selective inhibition against the epileptogenesis related isoforms hCA II and VII, within the nanomolar range. These potent hCA II and VII inhibitors were evaluated as anticonvulsant agents against MES and sc-PTZ induced convulsions. These sulfonamides effectively abolished induced seizures in both models. Furthermore, time dependent seizure protection capability of the most potent compound was also evaluated. A long duration of action was displayed, with efficacy up to 6 h after drug administration. The compound appeared as an orally active anticonvulsant agent without showing neurotoxicity in a rotarod test, a nontoxic chemical profile being observed in subacute toxicity study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhushan Mishra
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , 110007 Delhi , India
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , 110007 Delhi , India
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , 50019 Florence , Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , 50019 Florence , Italy
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , 110007 Delhi , India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , 50019 Florence , Italy
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Monier M, El-Mekabaty A, Elattar KM. Five-membered ring systems with one heteroatom: Synthetic routes, chemical reactivity, and biological properties of furan-carboxamide analogues. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1421227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Monier
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, KSA
| | - Ahmed El-Mekabaty
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Elattar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Mishra CB, Kumari S, Angeli A, Monti SM, Buonanno M, Tiwari M, Supuran CT. Discovery of Benzenesulfonamides with Potent Human Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory and Effective Anticonvulsant Action: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Assessment. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2456-2469. [PMID: 28253618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report two series of novel benzenesulfonamide derivatives acting as effective carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors. The synthesized compounds were tested against human (h) isoforms hCA I, hCA II, hCA VII, and hCA XII. The first series of compounds, 4-(3-(2-(4-substitued piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)ureido)benzenesulfonamides, showed low nanomolar inhibitory action against hCA II, being less effective against the other isoforms. The second series, 2-(4-substitued piperazin-1-yl)-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)acetamide derivatives, showed low nanomolar inhibitory activity against hCA II and hCA VII, isoforms involved in epileptogenesis. Some of these derivatives were evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity and displayed effective seizure protection against MES and scPTZ induced seizures in Swiss Albino mice. These sulfonamides were also found effective upon oral administration to Wistar rats and inhibited MES induced seizure episodes in this animal model of the disease. Some of the new compounds showed a long duration of action in the performed time course anticonvulsant studies, being nontoxic in subacute toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhushan Mishra
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi , Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi , Delhi, India
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB) CNR ,via Mezzocannone, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Buonanno
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB) CNR ,via Mezzocannone, Naples, Italy
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi , Delhi, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Florence, Italy
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Bragagni M, Bozdag M, Carta F, Scozzafava A, Lanzi C, Masini E, Mura P, Supuran CT. Cyclodextrin complexation highly enhances efficacy of arylsulfonylureido benzenesulfonamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as a topical antiglaucoma agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6223-7. [PMID: 26319622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two new sulfonamides incorporating arylsulfonylureido moieties were complexed with gamma cyclodextrin (γ-CD), hydroxypropyl-gamma cyclodextrin (HPγ-CD), hydroxypropyl-beta cyclodextrin (HPβ-CD) and hydroxyethyl-beta cyclodextrin (HEβ-CD) in order to obtain drug formulations with effective topical intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects, in an animal model of glaucoma. The HPγ-CD was the best solubilizing agent for the two sulfonamides and its complexes were characterized in detail and administered to rabbits with eye hypertension of 45-50 mmHg. The peak IOP lowering was observed after 1h post-administration and was of 36-37 mmHg. A low IOP pressure (of around-35 mmHg) was then maintained for the next 24h post-administration, which has not been observed before with any IOP lowering drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bragagni
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Murat Bozdag
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Andrea Scozzafava
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Cecilia Lanzi
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmacologia, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuela Masini
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmacologia, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Mura
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
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Inhibition of tumor-associated human carbonic anhydrase isozymes IX and XII by a new class of substituted-phenylacetamido aromatic sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5228-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Güzel-Akdemir Ö, Akdemir A, Isik S, Vullo D, Supuran CT. o-Benzenedisulfonimido–sulfonamides are potent inhibitors of the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms CA IX and CA XII. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:1386-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Aggarwal M, McKenna R. Update on carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: a patent review (2008 – 2011). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:903-15. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.707646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Synthesis and evaluation of new carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3221-8. [PMID: 21524585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of new sulfamide derivatives have been synthesized, their structures were confirmed by (1)H NMR and ESI-MS. Some target compounds were assessed by the tool of Dock6, and inhibition effects of all the new compounds on carbonic anhydrase II have been investigated. In addition, some compounds have been investigated for their antihypoxic effects in mice. Results indicated that nine target compounds exhibit as effectively as acetazolamide and 10 compounds have more potent inhibition effects on carbonic anhydrase II than acetazolamide. Three of them (I-8, I-18 and I'-3) can prolong markedly the survival time of mice in hypoxia, which are worth carrying out further studies.
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Özensoy Ö, Arslan M, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: purification and inhibition studies of pigeon (Columba livia var. domestica) red blood cell carbonic anhydrase with sulfonamides. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 26:749-53. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.570759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Özen Özensoy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenz, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Balikesir University, Science & Art Faculty, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Mikail Arslan
- Susurluk Technical Vocational School of Higher Education, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenz, Italy
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Maresca A, Supuran CT. (R)-/(S)-10-Camphorsulfonyl-substituted aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides selectively inhibit mitochondrial over cytosolic carbonic anhydrases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1334-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Scozzafava A, Saramet I, Banciu MD, Supuran CT. Carbonic Anhydrase Activity Modulators: Synthesis of Inhibitors and Activators Incorporating 2-substituted-thiazol-4-yl-methyl Scaffolds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360109162383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scozzafava
- Universite degli Studi, Laboratorio di Chimica Inorganica e Bioinorganica, Via Gino Capponi 7,1–50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Ioana Saramet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, T. Vuia Str.6, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea D. Banciu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Polytechnic University, Splaiul Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Universite degli Studi, Laboratorio di Chimica Inorganica e Bioinorganica, Via Gino Capponi 7,1–50121, Florence, Italy
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Güzel Ö, Innocenti A, Scozzafava A, Salman A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides incorporating phenacetyl, pyridylacetyl and thienylacetyl tails act as potent inhibitors of human mitochondrial isoforms VA and VB. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:4894-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Güzel Ö, Innocenti A, Scozzafava A, Salman A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Phenacetyl-, pyridylacetyl- and thienylacetyl-substituted aromatic sulfonamides act as potent and selective isoform VII inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3170-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bülbül M, Hisar O, Beydemir S, Ciftçi M, Küfrevioğlu OI. TheIn VitroandIn VivoInhibitory Effects of Some Sulfonamide Derivatives on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase Activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 18:371-5. [PMID: 14567552 DOI: 10.1080/1475636031000138769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of 5-(3alpha, 12alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholanamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide (1), 5-(3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholanamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide (2), 5-(3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-triacetoxy-5-beta-cholanamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide (3) and acetazolamide on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (RT) erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase (CA) were investigated. The RT erythrocyte CA was obtained by affinity chromatography with a yield of 20.9%, a specific activity of 422.5EU/mg protein and a purification of 222.4-fold. The purity of the enzyme was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Inhibitory effects of the sulfonamides and acetazolamide on the RT erythrocyte CA were determined using the CO2-Hydratase method in vitro and in vivo studies. From in vitro studies, it was found that all the compounds inhibited CA. The obtained I50 value for the sulfonamides (1), (2) and (3) and acetazolamide were 0.83, 0.049, 0.82 and 0.052 microM, respectively. From in vivo studies, it was observed that CA was inhibited by the sulfonamides (1), (2) and (3) and acetazolamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Bülbül
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Dumlupinar University, Kütahya, Turkey
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Ozensoy O, Isik S, Arslan O, Arslan M, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of red blood cell ostrich (Struthio camelus) carbonic anhydrase with a series of aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 20:383-7. [PMID: 16206834 DOI: 10.1080/14756360500141960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purification of red blood cell carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from ostrich (scCA) blood is reported, as well as an inhibition study of this enzyme with a series of aromatic and heterocylic sulfonamides. The ostrich enzyme showed a high activity, comparable to that of the human isozyme II, with kcat, of 1.2 x 10(6) s(-1) and kcat/KM of 1.8 x 10(7) M(-1)s(-1), and an inhibition profile quite different from that of the human red blood cell cytosolic isozymes hCA I and II. scCA has generally a lower affinity for sulfonamide inhibitors as compared to hCA I and II. The only sulfonamide which behaved as a very potent inhibitor of this enzyme was ethoxzolamide (KI = 3.9 nM) whereas acetazolamide and sulfanilamide behaved as weaker inhibitors (inhibition constants in the range 303-570 nM). Several other aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides, mostly derivatives of sulfanilamide, homosulfanilamide, 4-aminoethylbenzenesulfonamide or 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide, showed good affinities for the ostrich enzyme, with KI values in the range 25-72 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozen Ozensoy
- Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Ciftçi M, Bülbül M, Gül M, Gümüştekin K, Dane S, Süleyman H. Effects of nicotine and Vitamin E on Carbonic anhydrase activity in some rat tissues In Vivo and In Vitro. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 20:103-8. [PMID: 15895692 DOI: 10.1080/14756360400002098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of nicotine, nicotine + vitamin E and nicotine + Hippophea rhamnoides L. extract (HRe-1) on muscle, heart, lungs, testicle, kidney, stomach, brain and liver carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1.) enzyme activities were investigated in vivo. Groups of rats were given nicotine (0.5 mg/kg/day, i.p.), nicotine + vitamin E (75 mg/kg/day, i.g.), nicotine + HRe-1 (250 mg/kg/day, i.g.) and a control group vehicle only. The results showed that nicotine inhibited the heart, lung, stomach and liver CA enzyme activities by approximately 80% (p < 0.001), approximately 94% (p < 0.001), approximately 47% (p < 0.001) and approximately 81% (p < 0.001) respectively, and activated muscle and kidney, but had no effects on the testicle and brain CA activities. Nicotine + vitamin E inhibited the heart and liver CA enzyme activities by approximately 50% (p < 0.001), and approximately 50% (p < 0.001), respectively, and nicotine + vitamin E activated the muscle CA activity. However, nicotine + vitamin E had no effect on lung, testicle, kidney, stomach and brain CA activities. Nicotine + HRe-1 inhibited the heart and stomach CA enzyme activities by approximately 51% (p < 0.001), and approximately 32% (p < 0.002), respectively, and activated the muscle and brain CA activities, but had no effects on the lung, testicle, kidney, and liver CA activities. In vitro CA inhibition results for similar experiments correlated well with the in vivo experimental results in lungs, testicles, kidney, stomach, brain and liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ciftçi
- Atatürk University, Arts and Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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Hisar O, Beydemir S, Gülçin I, Küfrevioğlu OI, Supuran CT. Effects of low molecular weight plasma inhibitors of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase-II isozyme activityin vitroand rat erythrocytesin vivo. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 20:35-9. [PMID: 15895682 DOI: 10.1080/1475636040001704461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of low molecular weight plasma inhibitors from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (RT) were investigated on the carbonic anhydrase enzyme (CA) activities in in vitro human and in in vivo Sprague-Dawley rat erythrocytes. The RT blood was used as extracellular fluid (plasma) source and plasma inhibitors were obtained by dialysis of the plasma. For the in vitro study, human carbonic anhydrase-II (HCA-II) isozyme was obtained by Sepharose 4B-L-tyrosine-sulfanylamide affinity chromatography with an overall purification of about 646-fold. The enzyme (specific activity of 7750 EU/mg protein) was obtained with a yield of 71.1% and SDS-PAGE showed a single band. From in vitro studies, the I50 value for RT plasma inhibitors obtained was 0.37 mg/ml. From in vivo studies on rat erythrocytes, CA activity was significantly inhibited by the inhibitors from the extracellular fluid of RT for up to 3 h (p < 0.05) following intraperitoneal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olcay Hisar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Turkey
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Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrases: novel therapeutic applications for inhibitors and activators. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008; 7:168-81. [PMID: 18167490 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2398] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs), a group of ubiquitously expressed metalloenzymes, are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, ureagenesis, tumorigenicity and the growth and virulence of various pathogens. In addition to the established role of CA inhibitors (CAIs) as diuretics and antiglaucoma drugs, it has recently emerged that CAIs could have potential as novel anti-obesity, anticancer and anti-infective drugs. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that CA activation may provide a novel therapy for Alzheimer's disease. This article discusses the biological rationale for the novel uses of inhibitors or activators of CA activity in multiple diseases, and highlights progress in the development of specific modulators of the relevant CA isoforms, some of which are now being evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Rm 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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Tuccinardi T, Nuti E, Ortore G, Supuran CT, Rossello A, Martinelli A. Analysis of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II: Docking Reliability and Receptor-Based 3D-QSAR Study. J Chem Inf Model 2007; 47:515-25. [PMID: 17295464 DOI: 10.1021/ci600469w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of Gold software to predict the binding disposition of carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors was evaluated using CA II as a case study. The best procedure was subsequently used for docking almost 300 CA II ligands, and the best poses were used as an alignment tool for the development of a 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study. Evaluation of the resulting 3D-QSAR model allowed us to indicate the ligand properties and residues important for CA II inhibition. Since CAs are an important target involved in many pathologies such as glaucoma, obesity, and tumors, the results obtained could accurately predict the binding affinity of newly designed CA II inhibitors. Furthermore, it is reasonable that this strategy could be profitably used also for the investigation of other CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Hillebrecht A, Supuran CT, Klebe G. Integrated approach using protein and ligand information to analyze selectivity- and affinity-determining features of carbonic anhydrase isozymes. ChemMedChem 2006; 1:839-53. [PMID: 16902938 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The application and comparison of selected protein- and ligand-based approaches to elucidate factors important for affinity and selectivity towards the carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II, and IV are described. Carbonic anhydrases are abundant in pro- and eukaryotes. These enzymes catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and H(+) ions and are thus involved in many important physiological and pathophysiological processes. Due to the fact that the human carbonic anhydrase family consists of 16 closely related isozymes, the design of selective inhibitors is a special challenge for medicinal chemists. In order to extract selectivity-determining features, we applied purely ligand-based 3D QSAR techniques as well as qualitative comparative molecular field analyses of the targets' binding sites using consensus principal component analysis (CPCA). The dataset for the QSAR studies was deliberately compiled from 1,748 inhibitors and comprises about 140 ligands, mainly of the sulfonamide type. Additionally, we employed the novel AFMoC approach, which intrinsically combines protein and ligand information. The simultaneous use of these different techniques gives deeper insight into selectivity and affinity-determining features and provides quantitative models for prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hillebrecht
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Weber A, Böhm M, Supuran CT, Scozzafava A, Sotriffer CA, Klebe G. 3D QSAR Selectivity Analyses of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Insights for the Design of Isozyme Selective Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2006; 46:2737-60. [PMID: 17125213 DOI: 10.1021/ci600298r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 3D QSAR selectivity analysis of carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors using a data set of 87 CA inhibitors is reported. After ligand minimization in the binding pockets of CA I, CA II, and CA IV isoforms, selectivity CoMFA and CoMSIA 3D QSAR models have been derived by taking the affinity differences (DeltapKi) with respect to two CA isozymes as independent variables. Evaluation of the developed 3D QSAR selectivity models allows us to determine amino acids in the respective CA isozymes that possibly play a crucial role for selective inhibition of these isozymes. We further combined the ligand-based 3D QSAR models with the docking program AUTODOCK in order to screen for novel CA inhibitors. Correct binding modes are predicted for various CA inhibitors with respect to known crystal structures. Furthermore, in combination with the developed 3D QSAR models we could successfully estimate the affinity of CA inhibitors even in cases where the applied scoring function failed. This novel strategy to combine AUTODOCK poses with CoMFA/CoMSIA 3D QSAR models can be used as a guideline to assess the relevance of generated binding modes and to accurately predict the binding affinity of newly designed CA inhibitors that could play a crucial role in the treatment of pathologies such as tumors, obesity, or glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Weber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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Ozensoy O, Nishimori I, Vullo D, Puccetti L, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Inhibition of the human transmembrane isozyme XIV with a library of aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:6089-93. [PMID: 16006130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Revised: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The first inhibition study of the transmembrane carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isozymes hCA XIV with a library of aromatic and heteroaromatic sulfonamides synthesized earlier is reported. Most of the inhibitors were sulfanilamide, homosulfanilamide and 4-aminoethyl-benzenesulfonamide derivatives, to which tails that would induce diverse physicochemical properties have been attached at the amino moiety. Several of these compounds were metanilamide, benzene-1,3-disulfonamide or the 1,3,4-thiadiazole/thiadiazoline-2-sulfonamide derivatives. The tails incorporated in these molecules were of the alkyl/aryl-carboxamido/ sulfonamido-, ureido- or thioureido-types. The sulfanilamides acylated at the 4-amino group with short aliphatic/aromatic moieties incorporating 2-6 carbon atoms showed modest hCA XIV inhibitory activity (K(I)-s in the range of 1.25-4.2 microM) which were anyhow better than that of sulfanilamide (K(I) of 5.4 microM). Better activity showed the homosulfanilamide and 4-aminoethyl-benzenesulfonamide derivatives bearing arylsulfonamido/ureido and thioureido moieties, with K(I)'s in the range of 203-935 nM. The best activity was observed for the heteroaromatic compounds incorporating 1,3,4-thiadiazole/thiadiazoline-2-sulfonamide and 5-arylcarboxamido/sulfonamido moieties, with K(I)'s in the range of 10-85 nM. All these compounds were generally also much better inhibitors of the other two transmembrane CA isozyme, hCA IX and XII. Thus, highly potent hCA XIV inhibitors were detected, but isozyme-specific inhibitors were not discovered for the moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozen Ozensoy
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
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Ozensoy O, Puccetti L, Fasolis G, Arslan O, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Inhibition of the tumor-associated isozymes IX and XII with a library of aromatic and heteroaromatic sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4862-6. [PMID: 16168653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 04/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of the two transmembrane, tumor-associated isozymes of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) of human origin, hCA IX and XII, with a library of aromatic and heteroaromatic sulfonamides has been investigated. Most of them were sulfanilamide, homosulfanilamide, and 4-aminoethyl-benzenesulfonamide derivatives, to which tails that should induce diverse physico-chemical properties have been attached at the amino moiety, whereas several of these compounds were derived from metanilamide, benzene-1,3-disulfonamide or the 1,3,4-thiadiazole/thiadiazoline-2-sulfonamides. The tails were of the alkyl/aryl-carboxamido/sulfonamido-, ureido or thioureido type. Against hCA IX the investigated compounds showed inhibition constants in the range of 3-294 nM, whereas against hCA XII in the range of 1.9-348 nM, respectively. The best hCA IX inhibitors were ureas/thioureas incorporating 4-aminoethyl-benzenesulfonamide and metanilamide moieties. The best hCA XII inhibitors were 1,3,4-thiadiazole/thiadiazoline-2-sulfonamides incorporating 5-acylamido or 5-arylsulfonylamido moieties. These compounds also inhibited appreciably the cytosolic isozymes hCA I and II, but some selectivity for the transmembrane, tumor-associated isozymes was observed for some of them, which is an encouraging result for the design of novel therapies targeting hypoxic tumors, in which these carbonic anhydrases are highly overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozen Ozensoy
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Room 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
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Morgan PE, Supuran CT, Casey JR. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors that directly inhibit anion transport by the human Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, AE1. Mol Membr Biol 2005; 21:423-33. [PMID: 15764372 DOI: 10.1080/09687860400014872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.1.) catalyze reversible hydration of CO2 to HCO3- + H+. Bicarbonate transport proteins, which catalyze the transmembrane movement of membrane-impermeant bicarbonate, function in cooperation with CA. Since CA and bicarbonate transporters share the substrate, bicarbonate, we examined whether novel competitive inhibitors of CA also have direct inhibitory effects on bicarbonate transporters. We expressed the human erythrocyte membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, AE1, in transfected HEK293 cells as a model bicarbonate transporter. AE1 activity was assessed in both Cl-/NO3- exchange assays, which were independent of CA activity, and in Cl-/HCO3- exchange assays. Transport was measured by following changes of intracellular [Cl-] and pH, using the intracellular fluorescent reporter dyes 6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium and 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)carboxyfluorescein, respectively. We examined the effect of 16 different carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on AE1 transport activity. Among these 12 were newly-reported compounds; two were clinically used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (celecoxib and valdecoxib) and two were anti-convulsant drugs (topiramate and zonisamide). Celecoxib and four of the novel compounds significantly inhibited AE1 Cl-/NO3- exchange activity with EC50 values in the range 0.22-2.8 microM. It was evident that bulkier compounds had greater AE1 inhibitory potency. Maximum inhibition using 40 microM of each compound was only 22-53% of AE1 transport activity, possibly because assays were performed in the presence of competing substrate. In Cl-/HCO3- exchange assays, which depend on functional CA to produce transport substrate, 40 microM celecoxib inhibited AE1 by 62+/-4%. We conclude that some carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, including clinically-used celecoxib, will inhibit bicarbonate transport at clinically-significant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio E Morgan
- Membrane Protein Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
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Supuran CT, Scozzafava A. Applications of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and activators in therapy. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.12.2.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pastorekova S, Parkkila S, Pastorek J, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrases: current state of the art, therapeutic applications and future prospects. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2004; 19:199-229. [PMID: 15499993 DOI: 10.1080/14756360410001689540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are wide-spread enzymes, present in mammals in at least 14 different isoforms. Some of these isozymes are cytosolic (CA I, CA II, CA III, CA VII, CA XIII), others are membrane-bound (CA IV, CA IX, CA XII and CA XIV), CA V is mitochondrial and CA VI is secreted in the saliva and milk. Three cytosolic acatalytic forms are also known (CARP VIII, CARP X and CARP XI). The catalytically active isoforms, which play important physiological and patho-physiological functions, are strongly inhibited by aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides. The catalytic and inhibition mechanisms of these enzymes are understood in great detail, and this greatly helped the design of potent inhibitors, some of which possess important clinical applications. The use of such CA inhibitors (CAIs) as antiglaucoma drugs are discussed in detail, together with the recent developments that led to isozyme-specific and organ-selective inhibitors. A recent discovery is connected with the involvement of CAs and their sulfonamide inhibitors in cancer: many potent CAIs were shown to inhibit the growth of several tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo, thus constituting interesting leads for developing novel antitumor therapies. Future prospects for drug design of inhibitors of these ubiquitous enzymes are dealt with. Although activation of CAs has been a controversial issue for some time, recent kinetic, spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic experiments offered an explanation of this phenomenon, based on the catalytic mechanism. It has been demonstrated recently, that molecules that act as carbonic anhydrase activators (CAAs) bind at the entrance of the enzyme active site participating in facilitated proton transfer processes between the active site and the reaction medium. In addition to CA II-activator adducts, X-ray crystallographic studies have been also reported for ternary complexes of this isozyme with activators and anion (azide) inhibitors. Structure-activity correlations for diverse classes of activators is discussed for the isozymes for which the phenomenon has been studied, i.e., CA I, II, III and IV. The possible physiological relevance of CA activation/inhibition is also addressed, together with recent pharmacological/ biomedical applications of such compounds in different fields of life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pastorekova
- Centre of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 842 45 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Innocenti A, Casini A, Alcaro MC, Papini AM, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: The First On-Resin Screening of a 4-Sulfamoylphenylthiourea Library. J Med Chem 2004; 47:5224-9. [PMID: 15456265 DOI: 10.1021/jm049692i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors are widely employed in the diagnosis and treatment of diverse diseases such as glaucoma and different neuromuscular disorders. Moreover, an emerging area is represented by their use in the prevention and treatment of tumors. In this paper we propose an optimized synthesis of on-resin CA inhibitor libraries to be used for a high-throughput biological screening. A library of 4-sulfamoylphenylthioureas, previously described to be attractive candidates as novel antiglaucoma drugs, has been synthesized by a solid-phase approach, avoiding the formation of thiohydantoin side products. The on-resin screening assay has been developed for the inhibition tests of different CA isozymes with the on-resin supported sulfonamides, allowing the direct identification of the biologically active lead compounds. These results allow the development of new designed libraries in the solid phase of sulfonamide CA inhibitors characterized by a set of prefixed parameters to be used as possible drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Innocenti
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Pastorekova S, Casini A, Scozzafava A, Vullo D, Pastorek J, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: the first selective, membrane-impermeant inhibitors targeting the tumor-associated isozyme IX. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:869-73. [PMID: 15012984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2003] [Revised: 12/03/2003] [Accepted: 12/03/2003] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of the tumor-associated transmembrane carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) isozyme possessing an extracellular active site has been investigated with a series of positively-charged, pyridinium derivatives of sulfanilamide, homosulfanilamide and 4-aminoethylbenzenesulfonamide. Inhibition data for the physiologically relevant isozymes I and II (cytosolic forms) and IV (membrane-bound) were also provided for comparison. A very interesting inhibition profile against CA IX with these sulfonamides has been observed. Several nanomolar (K(i)'s in the range of 6-54 nM) CA IX inhibitors have also been detected. Because CA IX is a highly active isozyme predominantly expressed in tumor tissues with bad prognosis of disease progression, this finding is very promising for the potential design of CA IX-specific inhibitors with applications as anti-tumor agents. This is the first report of inhibitors that may selectively target CA IX, due to their membrane-impermeability and high affinity for this clinically relevant isozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pastorekova
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 842 45 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Sun YJ, Zhang LZ, Cheng P, Lin HK, Yan SP, Liao DZ, Jiang ZH, Shen PW. Spectroscopic properties, catalytic activities and mechanism studies of [(TpPh)Co(X)(CH3OH)m]·nCH3OH: bicarbonate dehydration in the presence of inhibitors. Biophys Chem 2004; 109:281-93. [PMID: 15110946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2003.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2003] [Revised: 11/30/2003] [Accepted: 12/02/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two inhibitor-containing 'half-sandwich' cobalt(II) complexes [(TpPh)Co(X)(CH3OH)m] x nCH3OH ((TpPh) = hydrotris (3-phenylpyrazolyl)borate; 1: X- = N3-, m = 1, n = 2; 2: X- = NCS-, m = 0, n = 0) have been synthesized and used as the catalysts in the bicarbonate dehydration reaction. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, which shows that N3- and NCS- coordinate to the Co(II) ions of 1 and 2, respectively, with the Co-N bond lengths of 1.992(6) A and 1.901(3) A. The coordination geometries of the Co(II) complexes in solution are five-coordinated trigonal bipyramid as revealed by the spectroscopic measurements. The dehydration kinetic measurements of HCO3- are performed by the stopped-flow techniques at pH < 7.9. The apparent dehydration rate constant k(obs) varies linearly with Co(II) complex and H+ concentrations, respectively, and the catalytic activity of 2 is lower than that of 1. The aqua Co(II) complex must be the reactive catalytic species in the catalyzed dehydration reaction and the rate-determining step is the substitution of the labile water molecule by HCO3-. The k(obs) values increase with increasing reaction temperature, and the large negative entropy of activation also indicates the associative activation mode. The inhibition ability of NCS- is stronger than that of N3-, which can be rationalized by the decreases in the Co-N(N3-/NCS-) bond lengths and effective atomic charges of the Co(II) ions based on the X-ray crystallographic data and theoretical calculations in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ji Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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39
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Vullo D, Franchi M, Gallori E, Antel J, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Inhibition of Mitochondrial Isozyme V with Aromatic and Heterocyclic Sulfonamides. J Med Chem 2004; 47:1272-9. [PMID: 14971907 DOI: 10.1021/jm031057+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first inhibition study of the mitochondrial isozyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) V (of murine origin) with a series of aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides is reported. Inhibition data of the cytosolic isozymes CA I and CA II and the membrane-bound isozyme CA IV with these inhibitors are also provided for comparison. Several low nanomolar CA V inhibitors were detected (KI values in the range of 4-15 nM), most of them belonging to the acylated sulfanilamide, ureido-benzenesulfonamide, 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide, and aminobenzolamide type of compounds. The clinically used inhibitors acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, dorzolamide, brinzolamide, and topiramate on the other hand were less effective CA V inhibitors, showing inhibition constants in the range of 47-63 nM. Some of the investigated sulfonamides, such as the ureido-benzenesulfonamides and the acylated sulfanilamides showed higher affinity for CA V than for the other isozymes, CA II included, which is a remarkable result, since most compounds investigated up to now inhibited the cytosolic isozyme CA II better. These results prompt us to hypothesize that the selective inhibition of CA V, or the dual inhibition of CA II and CA V, may lead to the development of novel pharmacological applications for such sulfonamides, for example in the treatment or prevention of obesity, by inhibiting CA-mediated lipogenetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vullo
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Rm. 188, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
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40
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Chen YT, Xie J, Seto CT. Peptidic alpha-ketocarboxylic acids and sulfonamides as inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases. J Org Chem 2003; 68:4123-5. [PMID: 12737607 DOI: 10.1021/jo034113n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One common approach for designing protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) inhibitors is to incorporate a nonhydrolyzable phosphotyrosine (pTyr) mimic into a peptide substrate for PTPases. This report describes the synthesis of three such nonhydrolyzable pTyr mimics that contain alpha-ketoacid, alpha-hydroxyacid, and methylenesulfonamide functional groups in place of the phosphate. These pTyr mimics were incorporated into the peptide sequence Ac-Asp-Ala-Asp-Glu-X-Leu-NH(2), where X is the pTyr mimic, and analyzed for activity against the Yersinia PTPase and PTP1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook St. Box H, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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41
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Abstract
At least 14 different carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms were isolated in higher vertebrates, where these zinc enzymes play crucial physiological roles. Some of these isozymes are cytosolic (CA I, CA II, CA III, CA VII), others are membrane-bound (CA IV, CA IX, CA XII, and CA XIV), CA V is mitochondrial and CA VI is secreted in saliva. Three acatalytic forms are also known, which are denominated CA related proteins (CARP), CARP VIII, CARP X, and CARP XI. Several important physiological and physio-pathological functions are played by many CA isozymes, which are strongly inhibited by aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides as well as inorganic, metal complexing anions. The catalytic and inhibition mechanisms of these enzymes are understood in detail, and this helped the design of potent inhibitors, some of which possess important clinical applications. The use of such enzyme inhibitors as antiglaucoma drugs will be discussed in detail, together with the recent developments that led to isozyme-specific and organ-selective inhibitors. A recent discovery is connected with the involvement of CAs and their sulfonamide inhibitors in cancer: several potent sulfonamide inhibitors inhibited the growth of a multitude of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, thus constituting interesting leads for developing novel antitumor therapies. Furthermore, some other classes of compounds that interact with CAs have recently been discovered, some of which possess modified sulfonamide or hydroxamate moieties. Some sulfonamides have also applications as diagnostic tools, in PET and MRI or as antiepileptics or for the treatment of other neurological disorders. Future prospects for drug design applications for inhibitors of these ubiquitous enzymes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Rm 188, Polo Scientifico, 50019-Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
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42
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Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Preparation of potent sulfonamides inhibitors incorporating bile acid tails. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1551-7. [PMID: 12039560 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of TBDMS-protected bile acids (cholic, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, lithocholic, ursodeoxycholic acids) or dehydrocholic acid with aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides possessing free amino/hydroxy moieties, in the presence of carbodiimides, afforded after deprotection of the OTBDMS ethers, a series of sulfonamides incorporating bile acid moieties in their molecules. Many such derivatives showed strong inhibitory properties against three isozymes of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), that is CA I, II and IV, zinc enzymes playing critical roles in many pathologies, and which represent interesting targets for developing diverse pharmacological agents. Some of the most active derivatives, incorporating 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide or benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide functionalities in their molecules, showed low nanomolar affinity for CA II and CAIV. Furthermore, the bioavailability of these derivatives in rabbits is comparable to that of acetazolamide, being in the range of 85-90%, showing them as promising candidates for systemically acting CA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scozzafava
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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43
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Scozzafava A, Menabuoni L, Mincione F, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. A general approach for the preparation of water-soluble sulfonamides incorporating polyamino-polycarboxylate tails and of their metal complexes possessing long-lasting, topical intraocular pressure-lowering properties. J Med Chem 2002; 45:1466-76. [PMID: 11906288 DOI: 10.1021/jm0108202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of polyamino-polycarboxylic acids or their dianhydrides with aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides possessing a free amino/imino/hydrazino/hydroxy group afforded mono- and bis-sulfonamides containing polyamino-polycarboxylic acid moieties in their molecule. The acids/anhydrides used in synthesis included IDA, NTA, EDDA, EDTA and EDTA dianhydride, DTPA and DTPA dianhydride, EGTA and EGTA dianhydride, and EDDHA, among others. All the newly prepared derivatives showed strong affinity toward isozymes I, II, and IV of carbonic anhydrase (CA). Metal complexes of the new compounds have also been prepared. Metal ions used in such preparations included di- and trivalent main-group and transition cations, such as Zn(II), Cu(II), Al(III), etc. Some of the new sulfonamides/disulfonamides obtained in this way, as well as their metal complexes, behaved as nanomolar CA inhibitors against isozymes II and IV, being slightly less effective in inhibiting isozyme I. Some of these sulfonamides as well as their metal complexes strongly lowered intraocular pressure (IOP) when applied topically, directly into the normotensive/glaucomatous rabbit eye, as 1-2% water solutions/suspensions. The good water solubility of these sulfonamide CA inhibitors, correlated with the neutral pH of their water solutions used in the ophthalmologic applications and the long duration of action of the IOP-lowering effect, makes them interesting candidates for developing novel types of antiglaucoma drugs devoid of serious topical side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scozzafava
- Laboratorio di Chimica Inorganica e Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Gino Capponi 7, I-50121, Florence, Italy
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44
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Masereel B, Rolin S, Abbate F, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: anticonvulsant sulfonamides incorporating valproyl and other lipophilic moieties. J Med Chem 2002; 45:312-20. [PMID: 11784136 DOI: 10.1021/jm0109199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides incorporating valproyl moieties were prepared to design antiepileptic compounds possessing in their structure two moieties known to induce such a pharmacological activity: valproic acid, one of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs, and the sulfonamide residue included in acetazolamide and topiramate, two carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with antiepileptic properties. Some of these derivatives showed very high inhibitory potency against three carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes, such as CA I, CA II, and CA IV, involved in important physiological processes. Topiramate, a recently developed antiepileptic drug possessing a sulfamate moiety, also shares this property, although earlier literature data reported this compound to be a weak-moderate CA I, II, and IV inhibitor. The valproyl derivative of acetazolamide (5-valproylamido-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide, 6M) was one of the best hCA I and hCA II inhibitor in the series and exhibited very strong anticonvulsant properties in an MES test in mice. In consequence, other 1,3,4-thiadiazolesulfonamide derivatives possessing potent CA inhibitory properties and substituted with different alkyl/arylcarboxamido/sulfonamido/ureido moieties in the 5 position have been investigated for their anticonvulsant effects in the same animal model. It was observed that some lipophilic derivatives, such as 5-benzoylamido-, 5-toluenesulfonylamido-, 5-adamantylcarboxamido-, and 5-pivaloylamido-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide, show promising in vivo anticonvulsant properties and that these compounds may be considered as interesting leads for developing anticonvulsant or selective cerebrovasodilator drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Masereel
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Namur, FUNDP, 61 rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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45
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46
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Casini A, Mincione F, Ilies MA, Menabuoni L, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition against isozymes I, II and IV of topically acting antiglaucoma sulfonamides incorporating cis-5-norbornene-endo-3-carboxy-2-carboxamido moieties. JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION 2001; 16:113-23. [PMID: 11342280 DOI: 10.1080/14756360109162361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonamides incorporating cis-5-norbornene-endo-3-carboxy-2-carboxamido moieties in their molecules were prepared by reaction of cis-5-norbornene-endo-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride with aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides possessing free amino, hydrazino, or imino groups. Some of these compounds showed very good CA II and CA IV inhibitory properties, with affinities for the enzymes in the low nanomolar range. Some of the most active CA II inhibitors reported here have been formulated as aqueous solutions for topical administration as antiglaucoma agents in normotensive rabbits. Some of the derivatives incorporating cis-5-norbornene-endo-3-carboxy-2-carboxamido and aromatic sulfonamide moieties (as sodium salts) showed effective and longer lasting intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering as compared to dorzolamide, a widely used topical antiglaucoma drug. Compounds incorporating cis-5-norbornene-endo-2,3-carboximido moieties, although stronger in vitro CA inhibitors as compared to the corresponding cis-5-norbornene-endo-3-carboxy-2-carboxamido-;derivatives, showed no topical IOP lowering properties, probably due to their very poor water solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Casini
- Università degli Studi, Laboratorio di Chimica Inorganica e Bioinorganica, Via Gino Capponi 7, I-50121, Florence, Italy
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47
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Mincione F, Starnotti M, Menabuoni L, Scozzafava A, Casini A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: 4-sulfamoyl-benzenecarboxamides and 4-chloro-3-sulfamoyl-benzenecarboxamides with strong topical antiglaucoma properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1787-91. [PMID: 11425561 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of 4-carboxy-benzenesulfonamide or 4-chloro-3-sulfamoyl benzoic acid with carboxy-protected amino acids/dipeptides, or aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides/mercaptans afforded the corresponding benzene-carboxamide derivatives. These were tested as inhibitors of three carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes, CA I, II and IV. Some of the new derivatives showed affinity in the low nanomolar range for isozymes CA II and IV, involved in aqueous humor secretion within the eye, and were tested as topically acting anti-glaucoma agents, in normotensive and glaucomatous rabbits. Good in vivo activity and prolonged duration of action has been observed for some of these derivatives, as compared to the clinically used drugs dorzolamide and brinzolamide. Some of the 4-chloro-3-sulfamoyl benzenecarboxamides reported here showed higher affinity for CA I than for the sulfonamide avid isozyme CA II.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mincione
- Università degli Studi, Istituto Oculistico, Viale Morgagni 85, I-50134, Firenze, Italy
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48
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Scozzafava A, Menabuoni L, Mincione F, Mincione G, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis of sulfonamides incorporating dtpa tails and of their zinc complexes with powerful topical antiglaucoma properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:575-82. [PMID: 11229775 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of diethylenetriamino pentaacetic acid (dtpa) dianhydride with aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides possessing a free amino/imino/hydrazino/hydroxy group afforded bis-sulfonamides containing metal-complexing, polyamino-polycarboxylic acid moieties in their molecule. The corresponding mono-sulfonamide derivatives of dtpa were also obtained by an alternative method, from the free acid. Zn(II) complexes of these new sulfonamides were then prepared. Many of these derivatives showed nanomolar affinity towards isozymes I, II and IV of carbonic anhydrase (CA). Some of the best inhibitors were applied as 2% water solutions/suspensions into the eye of normotensive or glaucomatous albino rabbits, when strong and long-lasting intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scozzafava
- Università degli Studi, Laboratorio di Chimica Inorganica e Bioinorganica, Firenze, Italy
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49
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Casini A, Scozzafava A, Mincione F, Menabuoni L, Ilies MA, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: water-soluble 4-sulfamoylphenylthioureas as topical intraocular pressure-lowering agents with long-lasting effects. J Med Chem 2000; 43:4884-92. [PMID: 11123998 DOI: 10.1021/jm001051+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of sulfonamides has been obtained by reaction of 4-isothiocyanatobenzenesulfonamide with amines, amino acids, and oligopeptides. The new thiourea derivatives showed strong affinities toward isozymes I, II, and IV of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). In vitro inhibitory power was good (in the low-nanomolar range) for the derivatives of beta-phenylserine and alpha-phenylglycine, for those incorporating hydroxy and mercapto amino acids (Ser, Thr, Cys, Met), hydrophobic amino acids (Val, Leu, Ile), aromatic amino acids (Phe, His, Trp, Tyr, DOPA), and dicarboxylic amino acids as well as di/tri/tetrapeptides among others. Such CA inhibitors displayed very good water solubility (in the range of 2-3%) mainly as sodium (carboxylate) salts, with pH values of the obtained solutions being 6.5-7.0. Some of these preparations (such as the derivatives of Ser, beta-Ph-Ser, Leu, Asn, etc.) strongly lowered intraocular pressure (IOP) when applied topically, directly into the normotensive/glaucomatous rabbit eye, as 2% water solutions. It is interesting to note that not all the powerful CA inhibitors designed in the present study showed topical IOP-lowering effects (such as, for instance, the Cys and Lys derivatives, devoid of such properties) whereas the Pro, Arg, and oligopeptidyl thiourea derivatives showed reduced efficacy when administered topically. This may be due to the very hydrophilic nature of some of these compounds, whereas inhibitors with balanced hydro- and liposolubility also showed optimal in vivo effects. The interesting pharmacological properties of this new type of CA inhibitors, correlated with the neutral pH of their solutions used in ophthalmologic applications, make them attractive candidates for developing novel antiglaucoma drugs devoid of major ocular side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Casini
- Laboratorio di Chimica Inorganica e Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Gino Capponi 7, I-50121 Florence, Italy
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