1
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The Blessed Union of Glycobiology and Immunology: A Marriage That Worked. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:medicines10020015. [PMID: 36827215 PMCID: PMC9967969 DOI: 10.3390/medicines10020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we discuss the main aspects regarding the recognition of cell surface glycoconjugates and the immunomodulation of responses against the progression of certain pathologies, such as cancer and infectious diseases. In the first part, we talk about different aspects of glycoconjugates and delve deeper into the importance of N-glycans in cancer immunotherapy. Then, we describe two important lectin families that have been very well studied in the last 20 years. Examples include the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectins (siglecs), and galectins. Finally, we discuss a topic that needs to be better addressed in the field of glycoimmunology: the impact of oncofetal antigens on the cells of the immune system. New findings in this area are of great importance for advancement, especially in the field of oncology, since it is already known that cellular interactions mediated by carbohydrate-carbohydrate and/or carbohydrate proteins are able to modulate the progression of different types of cancer in events that compromise the functionality of the immune responses.
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2
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Shivatare SS, Shivatare VS, Wong CH. Glycoconjugates: Synthesis, Functional Studies, and Therapeutic Developments. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15603-15671. [PMID: 36174107 PMCID: PMC9674437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often expressed on the cell surfaces. Among the three major classes of glycoconjugates, proteoglycans and glycoproteins contain glycans linked to the protein backbone via amino acid residues such as Asn for N-linked glycans and Ser/Thr for O-linked glycans. In glycolipids, glycans are linked to a lipid component such as glycerol, polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate, fatty acid ester, or sphingolipid. Recently, glycoconjugates have become better structurally defined and biosynthetically understood, especially those associated with human diseases, and are accessible to new drug, diagnostic, and therapeutic developments. This review describes the status and new advances in the biological study and therapeutic applications of natural and synthetic glycoconjugates, including proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The scope, limitations, and novel methodologies in the synthesis and clinical development of glycoconjugates including vaccines, glyco-remodeled antibodies, glycan-based adjuvants, glycan-specific receptor-mediated drug delivery platforms, etc., and their future prospectus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vidya S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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3
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Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most abundant and one of the most important biomacromolecules in Nature. Except for energy-related compounds, carbohydrates can be roughly divided into two categories: Carbohydrates as matter and carbohydrates as information. As matter, carbohydrates are abundantly present in the extracellular matrix of animals and cell walls of various plants, bacteria, fungi, etc., serving as scaffolds. Some commonly found polysaccharides are featured as biocompatible materials with controllable rigidity and functionality, forming polymeric biomaterials which are widely used in drug delivery, tissue engineering, etc. As information, carbohydrates are usually referred to the glycans from glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans, which bind to proteins or other carbohydrates, thereby meditating the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. These glycans could be simplified as synthetic glycopolymers, glycolipids, and glycoproteins, which could be afforded through polymerization, multistep synthesis, or a semisynthetic strategy. The information role of carbohydrates can be demonstrated not only as targeting reagents but also as immune antigens and adjuvants. The latter are also included in this review as they are always in a macromolecular formulation. In this review, we intend to provide a relatively comprehensive summary of carbohydrate-based macromolecular biomaterials since 2010 while emphasizing the fundamental understanding to guide the rational design of biomaterials. Carbohydrate-based macromolecules on the basis of their resources and chemical structures will be discussed, including naturally occurring polysaccharides, naturally derived synthetic polysaccharides, glycopolymers/glycodendrimers, supramolecular glycopolymers, and synthetic glycolipids/glycoproteins. Multiscale structure-function relationships in several major application areas, including delivery systems, tissue engineering, and immunology, will be detailed. We hope this review will provide valuable information for the development of carbohydrate-based macromolecular biomaterials and build a bridge between the carbohydrates as matter and the carbohydrates as information to promote new biomaterial design in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Yingle Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Kongchang Wei
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Department of Materials meet Life, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Xuyang Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rongying Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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4
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Amjad AM. DENDRIMERS IN ANTICANCER TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY: ACCOMPLISHMENTS, CHALLENGES AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE. PHARMACY & PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2021-9-1-4-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are nanoparticles with unique features including globular 3D shape and nanometer size. The availability of numerous terminal functional groups and modifiable surface engineering permit modification of dendrimer surface with several therapeutic agents, diagnostic moieties and targeting substances.The aim. To enlighten the readers regarding design, development, limitations, challenges and future directions regarding anticancer bio-dendrimers.Materials and methods. The data base was represented by such systems as Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed. gov, Google-Academy. A search was carried out for the following keywords and combinations: Polypropylene imine (PPI); Poly-L-lysine (PLL); polyamidoamine (PAMAM); cancer; drug delivery; dendrimers.Results. High encapsulation of drug and effective passive targeting are also among their therapeutic uses. Herein, we have described latest developments in chemotherapeutic delivery of drugs by dendrimers. For the most part, the potential and efficacy of dendrimers are anticipated to have considerable progressive effect on drug targeting and delivery.Conclusion. The newest discoveries have shown that the dendritic nanocarriers have many unique features that endorse more research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Amjad
- Northern Border University
Rafha, Saudi Arabia, 76322
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5
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Anderluh M, Berti F, Bzducha-Wróbel A, Chiodo F, Colombo C, Compostella F, Durlik K, Ferhati X, Holmdahl R, Jovanovic D, Kaca W, Lay L, Marinovic-Cincovic M, Marradi M, Ozil M, Polito L, Reina JJ, Reis CA, Sackstein R, Silipo A, Švajger U, Vaněk O, Yamamoto F, Richichi B, van Vliet SJ. Recent advances on smart glycoconjugate vaccines in infections and cancer. FEBS J 2021; 289:4251-4303. [PMID: 33934527 PMCID: PMC9542079 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the greatest achievements in biomedical research preventing death and morbidity in many infectious diseases through the induction of pathogen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Currently, no effective vaccines are available for pathogens with a highly variable antigenic load, such as the human immunodeficiency virus or to induce cellular T-cell immunity in the fight against cancer. The recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has reinforced the relevance of designing smart therapeutic vaccine modalities to ensure public health. Indeed, academic and private companies have ongoing joint efforts to develop novel vaccine prototypes for this virus. Many pathogens are covered by a dense glycan-coat, which form an attractive target for vaccine development. Moreover, many tumor types are characterized by altered glycosylation profiles that are known as "tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens". Unfortunately, glycans do not provoke a vigorous immune response and generally serve as T-cell-independent antigens, not eliciting protective immunoglobulin G responses nor inducing immunological memory. A close and continuous crosstalk between glycochemists and glycoimmunologists is essential for the successful development of efficient immune modulators. It is clear that this is a key point for the discovery of novel approaches, which could significantly improve our understanding of the immune system. In this review, we discuss the latest advancements in development of vaccines against glycan epitopes to gain selective immune responses and to provide an overview on the role of different immunogenic constructs in improving glycovaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Anderluh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Anna Bzducha-Wróbel
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Cinzia Colombo
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Compostella
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Durlik
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Xhenti Ferhati
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dragana Jovanovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Wieslaw Kaca
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Luigi Lay
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Marinovic-Cincovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marco Marradi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Musa Ozil
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Laura Polito
- National Research Council, CNR-SCITEC, Milan, Italy
| | - Josè Juan Reina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Spain.,Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
| | - Celso A Reis
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Urban Švajger
- Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ondřej Vaněk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fumiichiro Yamamoto
- Immunohematology & Glycobiology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Kaur A, Kaushik D, Piplani S, Mehta SK, Petrovsky N, Salunke DB. TLR2 Agonistic Small Molecules: Detailed Structure-Activity Relationship, Applications, and Future Prospects. J Med Chem 2020; 64:233-278. [PMID: 33346636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in microbial species. Among the various TLRs, TLR2 has a special place due to its ability to sense the widest repertoire of PAMPs owing to its heterodimerization with either TLR1 or TLR6, broadening its ligand diversity against pathogens. Various scaffolds are reported to activate TLR2, which include naturally occurring lipoproteins, synthetic lipopeptides, and small heterocyclic molecules. We described a detailed SAR in TLR2 agonistic scaffolds and also covered the design and chemistry for the conjugation of TLR2 agonists to antigens, carbohydrates, polymers, and fluorophores. The approaches involved in delivery of TLR2 agonists such as lipidation of antigen, conjugation to polymers, phosphonic acids, and other linkers to achieve surface adsorption, liposomal formulation, and encapsulating nanoparticles are elaborated. The crystal structure analysis and computational modeling are also included with the structural features that facilitate TLR2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Deepender Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sakshi Piplani
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, Australia 5046.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia, 5042
| | - Surinder K Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, Australia 5046.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia, 5042
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.,National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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7
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Du JJ, Wang CW, Xu WB, Zhang L, Tang YK, Zhou SH, Gao XF, Yang GF, Guo J. Multifunctional Protein Conjugates with Built-in Adjuvant (Adjuvant-Protein-Antigen) as Cancer Vaccines Boost Potent Immune Responses. iScience 2020; 23:100935. [PMID: 32146328 PMCID: PMC7063246 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer vaccines are not successful in clinical trials, mainly due to the challenges associated with breaking immune tolerance. Herein, we report a new strategy using an adjuvant-protein-antigen (three-in-one protein conjugates with built-in adjuvant) as an anticancer vaccine, in which both the adjuvant (small-molecule TLR7 agonist) and tumor-associated antigen (mucin 1, MUC1) are covalently conjugated to the same carrier protein (BSA). It is shown that the protein conjugates with built-in adjuvant can increase adjuvant's stimulation, prevent adjuvant's systemic toxicities, facilitate the codelivery of adjuvants and antigens, and enhance humoral and cellular immune responses. The IgG antibody titers elicited by the self-adjuvanting three-in-one protein conjugates were significantly higher than those elicited by the vaccine mixed with TLR7 agonist (more than 15-fold) or other traditional adjuvants. Importantly, the potent immune responses against cancer cells suggest that this new vaccine construct is an effective strategy for the personalized antitumor immunotherapy. Adjuvant-protein-antigen protein conjugates act as new cancer vaccine strategy Built-in adjuvant of TLR7 agonist can reduce toxicities and enhance immune stimulations Three-in-one protein conjugates boost potent immune responses against cancer cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Du
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Bio-sensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Chang-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Bio-sensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wen-Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Bio-sensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Bio-sensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Yuan-Kai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Bio-sensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Shi-Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Bio-sensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Gao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Bio-sensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Bio-sensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
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8
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Mettu R, Chen CY, Wu CY. Synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines: challenges and opportunities. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:9. [PMID: 31900143 PMCID: PMC6941340 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines based on bacterial capsular polysaccharides (CPS) have been extremely successful in preventing bacterial infections. The glycan antigens for the preparation of CPS based glycoconjugate vaccines are mainly obtained from bacterial fermentation, the quality and length of glycans are always inconsistent. Such kind of situation make the CMC of glycoconjugate vaccines are difficult to well control. Thanks to the advantage of synthetic methods for carbohydrates syntheses. The well controlled glycan antigens are more easily to obtain, and them are conjugated to carrier protein to from the so-call homogeneous fully synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines. Several fully glycoconjugate vaccines are in different phases of clinical trial for bacteria or cancers. The review will introduce the recent development of fully synthetic glycoconjugate vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Mettu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Yun Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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9
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Li Q, Guo Z. Recent Advances in Toll Like Receptor-Targeting Glycoconjugate Vaccines. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071583. [PMID: 29966261 PMCID: PMC6100623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many malignant cell surface carbohydrates resulting from abnormal glycosylation patterns of certain diseases can serve as antigens for the development of vaccines against these diseases. However, carbohydrate antigens are usually poorly immunogenic by themselves, thus they need to be covalently coupled with immunologically active carrier molecules to be functional. The most well established and commonly used carriers are proteins. In recent years, the use of toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands to formulate glycoconjugate vaccines has gained significant attention because TLR ligands can serve not only as carrier molecules but also as built-in adjuvants to form fully synthetic and self-adjuvanting conjugate vaccines, which have several advantages over carbohydrate-protein conjugates and formulated mixtures with external adjuvants. This article reviews recent progresses in the development of conjugate vaccines based on TLR ligands. Two major classes of TLR ligands, lipopeptides and lipid A derivatives will be covered with more focus on monophosohoryl lipid A (MPLA) and related analogs, which are TLR4 ligands demonstrated to be able to provoke T cell-dependent, adaptive immune responses. Corresponding conjugate vaccines have shown promising application potentials to multiple diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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10
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Broecker F, Götze S, Hudon J, Rathwell DCK, Pereira CL, Stallforth P, Anish C, Seeberger PH. Synthesis, Liposomal Formulation, and Immunological Evaluation of a Minimalistic Carbohydrate-α-GalCer Vaccine Candidate. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4918-4927. [PMID: 29742893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fully synthetic glycan-based vaccines hold great potential as preventive and therapeutic vaccines against infectious diseases as well as cancer. Here, we present a two-component platform based on the facile conjugation of carbohydrate antigens to α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) to yield fully synthetic vaccine candidates. Formulation of the cancer-associated Tn antigen glycolipid model vaccine candidate into liposomes of different sizes and subsequent immunization of mice generated specific, high-affinity antibodies against the carbohydrate antigen with characteristics of T cell-dependent immunity. Liposome formulation elicited more reproducible glycan immunity than a conventional glycoconjugate vaccine bearing the same glycan antigen did. Further evaluation of the immune response revealed that the size of the liposomes influenced the glycan antibody responses toward either a cellular (Th1) or a humoral (Th2) immune phenotype. The glycolipid vaccine platform affords strong and robust antiglycan antibody responses in vivo without the need for an external adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Broecker
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14424 Potsdam , Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Sebastian Götze
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14424 Potsdam , Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Jonathan Hudon
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14424 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Dominea C K Rathwell
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14424 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Claney L Pereira
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14424 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Pierre Stallforth
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14424 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Chakkumkal Anish
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14424 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14424 Potsdam , Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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11
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Recent progress of fully synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine using TLR agonist as build-in adjuvant. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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12
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The Synthesis and Biological Characterization of Acetal-Free Mimics of the Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Antigens. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2017; 74:137-237. [PMID: 29173726 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carcinomas express unique carbohydrates, known as tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), on their surface. These are potential targets for anticancer vaccines; however, to date, no such vaccine has reached the clinic. One factor that may complicate the success of this effort is the lability of the glycosidic bond. Acetal-free carbohydrates are analogues that lack the glycosidic linkage by replacing either the endo or exo oxygen with a methylene. This chapter summarizes the seminal syntheses of the mucin TACAs, provides an overview of common techniques for the synthesis of carbasugars and C-glycosides, reviews the syntheses published to date of acetal-free TACA analogues, and provides an overview of their observed biological activity. We conclude by offering a summation of the challenges remaining to the field biologically and the potential that acetal-free TACAs have of answering several basic questions in carbohydrate immunology.
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13
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Shcharbin D, Shcharbina N, Dzmitruk V, Pedziwiatr-Werbicka E, Ionov M, Mignani S, de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, Muñoz-Fernández MA, Majoral JP, Bryszewska M. Dendrimer-protein interactions versus dendrimer-based nanomedicine. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 152:414-422. [PMID: 28167455 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are hyperbranched polymers belonging to the huge class of nanomedical devices. Their wide application in biology and medicine requires understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of their interactions with biological systems. Summarizing, electrostatic force plays the predominant role in dendrimer-protein interactions, especially with charged dendrimers. Other kinds of interactions have been proven, such as H-bonding, van der Waals forces, and even hydrophobic interactions. These interactions depend on the characteristics of both participants: flexibility and surface charge of a dendrimer, rigidity of protein structure and the localization of charged amino acids at its surface. pH and ionic strength of solutions can significantly modulate interactions. Ligands and cofactors attached to a protein can also change dendrimer-protein interactions. Binding of dendrimers to a protein can change its secondary structure, conformation, intramolecular mobility and functional activity. However, this strongly depends on rigidity versus flexibility of a protein's structure. In addition, the potential applications of dendrimers to nanomedicine are reviwed related to dendrimer-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzmitry Shcharbin
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of NASB, Minsk, Belarus.
| | | | - Volha Dzmitruk
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of NASB, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Elzbieta Pedziwiatr-Werbicka
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maksim Ionov
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Serge Mignani
- Université Paris Descartes, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie pharmacologiques et toxicologique, Paris, France
| | - F Javier de la Mata
- Departamento Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain; Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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14
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Lewicky JD, Ulanova M, Jiang ZH. Synthesis of a TLR4 Agonist-Carbohydrate Antigen Conjugate As A Self-Adjuvanting Cancer Vaccine. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D. Lewicky
- Department of Chemistry; Lakehead University; 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay Ontario P7B 5E1 Canada
- Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada; 41 Ramsey Lake Road Sudbury, Ontario P3E 5J1 Canada
| | - Marina Ulanova
- Medical Sciences Division; Northern Ontario School of Medicine; Lakehead University; 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay Ontario P7B 5E1 Canada
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry; Lakehead University; 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay Ontario P7B 5E1 Canada
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15
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Vartak A, Sucheck SJ. Recent Advances in Subunit Vaccine Carriers. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4020012. [PMID: 27104575 PMCID: PMC4931629 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lower immunogenicity of synthetic subunit antigens, compared to live attenuated vaccines, is being addressed with improved vaccine carriers. Recent reports indicate that the physio-chemical properties of these carriers can be altered to achieve optimal antigen presentation, endosomal escape, particle bio-distribution, and cellular trafficking. The carriers can be modified with various antigens and ligands for dendritic cells targeting. They can also be modified with adjuvants, either covalently or entrapped in the matrix, to improve cellular and humoral immune responses against the antigen. As a result, these multi-functional carrier systems are being explored for use in active immunotherapy against cancer and infectious diseases. Advancing technology, improved analytical methods, and use of computational methodology have also contributed to the development of subunit vaccine carriers. This review details recent breakthroughs in the design of nano-particulate vaccine carriers, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Vartak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Steven J Sucheck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Are there general rules to obtain efficient immunization against carbohydrate antigens? Thanks to technological advances in glycobiology and glycochemistry we entered a new era in which the rational design of carbohydrate vaccines has become an achievable goal. The aim of this Tutorial Review is to present the most recent accomplishments in the field of semi and fully synthetic carbohydrate vaccines against viruses, bacteria and cancer. It is also pointed out that the understanding of the chemical and biochemical processes related to immunization allows the modern chemist to rationally design carbohydrate vaccines with improved efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Peri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy.
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17
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Abstract
Carbohydrate signatures on tumor cells have functional implications in tumor growth and metastasis and constitute valuable tools in cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy. Increasing data regarding the mechanisms by which they are recognized by the immune system are facilitating the design of more efficient immunotherapeutic protocols based on cancer-associated glycan structures. Recent molecular and proteomic studies revealed that carbohydrates are recognized, not only by B cells and antibodies, but also by cells from the innate arm of immunity, as well as by T cells, and are able to induce specific T-cell immunity and cytotoxicity. In this review, we discuss and update the different strategies targeting tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens that are being evaluated for antitumor immunotherapy, an approach that will be highly relevant, especially when combined with other strategies, in the future fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Freire
- UdelaR, Facultad de Medicina, Dept. Inmunobiología, Gral. Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- UdelaR, Facultad de Medicina, Dept. Inmunobiología, Gral. Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología tumoral, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
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18
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D’Amelio N, Coslovi A, Rossi M, Uggeri F, Paoletti S. Understanding the structural specificity of Tn antigen for its receptor: an NMR solution study. Carbohydr Res 2012; 351:114-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Recent advances in developing synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapies. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:545-84. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can often be distinguished from healthy cells by the expression of unique carbohydrate sequences decorating the cell surface as a result of aberrant glycosyltransferase activity occurring within the cell; these unusual carbohydrates can be used as valuable immunological targets in modern vaccine designs to raise carbohydrate-specific antibodies. Many tumor antigens (e.g., GM2, Ley, globo H, sialyl Tn and TF) have been identified to date in a variety of cancers. Unfortunately, carbohydrates alone evoke poor immunogenicity, owing to their lack of ability in inducing T-cell-dependent immune responses. In order to enhance their immunogenicity and promote long-lasting immune responses, carbohydrates are often chemically modified to link to an immunogenic protein or peptide fragment for eliciting T-cell-dependent responses. This review will present a summary of efforts and advancements made to date on creating carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines, and will include novel approaches to overcoming the poor immunogenicity of carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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20
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Sarkar S, Lombardo SA, Herner DN, Talan RS, Wall KA, Sucheck SJ. Synthesis of a Single-Molecule l-Rhamnose-Containing Three-Component Vaccine and Evaluation of Antigenicity in the Presence of Anti-l-Rhamnose Antibodies. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:17236-46. [PMID: 21080675 DOI: 10.1021/ja107029z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Steven A. Lombardo
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Danielle N. Herner
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Rommel S. Talan
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Katherine A. Wall
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Steven J. Sucheck
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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21
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Abstract
Recent technological advances in glycobiology and glycochemistry are paving the way for a new era in carbohydrate vaccine design. This is enabling greater efficiency in the identification, synthesis and evaluation of unique glycan epitopes found on a plethora of pathogens and malignant cells. Here, we review the progress being made in addressing challenges posed by targeting the surface carbohydrates of bacteria, protozoa, helminths, viruses, fungi and cancer cells for vaccine purposes.
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22
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Heegaard PMH, Boas U, Sorensen NS. Dendrimers for vaccine and immunostimulatory uses. A review. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 21:405-18. [PMID: 19886668 DOI: 10.1021/bc900290d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are well-defined (monodisperse) synthetic globular polymers with a range of interesting chemical and biological properties. Chemical properties include the presence of multiple accessible surface functional groups that can be used for coupling biologically relevant molecules and methods that allow for precise heterofunctionalization of surface groups. Biologically, dendrimers are highly biocompatible and have predictable biodistribution and cell membrane interacting characteristics determined by their size and surface charge. Dendrimers have optimal characteristics to fill the need for efficient immunostimulating compounds (adjuvants) that can increase the efficiency of vaccines, as dendrimers can provide molecularly defined multivalent scaffolds to produce highly defined conjugates with small molecule immunostimulators and/or antigens. The review gives an overview on the use of dendrimers as molecularly defined carriers/presenters of small antigens, including constructs that have built-in immunostimulatory (adjuvant) properties, and as stand-alone adjuvants that can be mixed with antigens to provide efficient vaccine formulations. These approaches allow the preparation of molecularly defined vaccines with highly predictable and specific properties and enable knowledge-based vaccine design substituting the traditional empirically based approaches for vaccine development and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M H Heegaard
- Innate Immunology Group, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Chemical Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Buskas T, Thompson P, Boons GJ. Immunotherapy for cancer: synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5335-49. [PMID: 19724783 PMCID: PMC2787243 DOI: 10.1039/b908664c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids of cancer cells, which correlates with poor survival rates, is being exploited for the development of immunotherapies for cancer. In particular, advances in the knowledge of cooperation between the innate and adaptive system combined with the implementation of efficient synthetic methods for assembly of oligosaccharides and glycopeptides is providing avenues for the rationale design of vaccine candidates. In this respect, fully synthetic vaccine candidates show great promise because they incorporate only those elements requires for relevant immune responses, and hence do not suffer from immune suppression observed with classical carbohydrate-protein conjugate vaccines. Such vaccines are chemically well-defined and it is to be expected that they can be produced in a reproducible fashion. In this feature article, recent advances in the development of fully synthetic sub-unit carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Buskas
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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24
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Said Hassane F, Phalipon A, Tanguy M, Guerreiro C, Bélot F, Frisch B, Mulard LA, Schuber F. Rational design and immunogenicity of liposome-based diepitope constructs: application to synthetic oligosaccharides mimicking the Shigella flexneri 2a O-antigen. Vaccine 2009; 27:5419-26. [PMID: 19559116 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have designed chemically defined diepitope constructs consisting of liposomes displaying at their surface synthetic oligosaccharides mimicking the O-antigen of the Shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide (B-cell epitope) and influenza hemagglutinin peptide HA 307-319 (Th epitope). Using well controlled and high-yielding covalent bioconjugation reactions, the two structurally independent epitopes were coupled to the lipopeptide Pam(3)CAG, i.e. a TLR2 ligand known for its adjuvant properties, anchored in preformed vesicles. The synthetic construct containing a pentadecasaccharide corresponding to three O-antigen repeating units triggered T-dependent anti-oligosaccharide and anti-S. flexneri 2a LPS antibody responses when administered i.m. to BALB/c mice. Moreover, the long-lasting anti-LPS antibody response afforded protection against a S. flexneri 2a challenge. These results show that liposome diepitope constructs could be attractive alternatives in the development of synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatouma Said Hassane
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS - UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
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25
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Bay S, Fort S, Birikaki L, Ganneau C, Samain E, Coïc YM, Bonhomme F, Dériaud E, Leclerc C, Lo-Man R. Induction of a melanoma-specific antibody response by a monovalent, but not a divalent, synthetic GM2 neoglycopeptide. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:582-7. [PMID: 19226501 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The GM2 ganglioside represents an important target for specific anticancer immunotherapy. We designed and synthesized a neoglycopeptide immunogen displaying one or two copies of the GM2 tetrasaccharidic moiety. These glycopeptides were prepared using the Huisgen cycloaddition, which enables the efficient ligation of the alkyne-functionalized biosynthesized GM2 with an azido CD4(+) T cell epitope peptide. It is worth noting that the GM2 can be produced on a gram scale in bacteria, which can be advantageous for a scale-up of the process. We show here for the first time that a fully synthetic glycopeptide, which is based on a ganglioside carbohydrate moiety, can induce human tumor cell-specific antibodies after immunization in mice. Interestingly, the monovalent, but not the divalent, form of GM2 peptide construct induced antimelanoma antibodies. Unlike traditional vaccines, this vaccine is a pure chemically-defined entity, a key quality for consistent studies and safe clinical evaluation. Therefore, such carbohydrate-peptide conjugate represents a promising cancer vaccine strategy for active immunotherapy targeting gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bay
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, URA CNRS, Paris, France.
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26
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Bhalgat MK, Roberts JC, Mercer-Smith JA, Vessella RL, Lavallee DK. Effect of chemical modification strategy on the characteristics of copper-67-Labeled immunoconjugates, Part I: Immunoreactivity. Drug Deliv 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/10717549709033181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Niederhafner P, Reinis M, Sebestík J, Jezek J. Glycopeptide dendrimers, part III: a review. Use of glycopeptide dendrimers in immunotherapy and diagnosis of cancer and viral diseases. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:556-87. [PMID: 18275089 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycopeptide dendrimers containing different types of tumor associated-carbohydrate antigens (T(N), TF, sialyl-T(N), sialyl-TF, sialyl-Le(x), sialyl-Le(a) etc.) were used in diagnosis and therapy of different sorts of cancer. These dendrimeric structures with incorporated T-cell epitopes and adjuvants can be used as antitumor vaccines. Best results were obtained with multiantigenic vaccines, containing, e.g. five or six different TAAs. The topic of TAAs and their dendrimeric forms at molecular level are reviewed, including structure, syntheses, and biological activities. Use of glycopeptide dendrimers as antiviral vaccines against HIV and influenza is also described. Their syntheses, physico-chemical properties, and biological activities are given with many examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Niederhafner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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28
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Kärkkäinen TS, Ravindranathan Kartha K, MacMillan D, Field RA. Iodine-mediated glycosylation en route to mucin-related glyco-aminoacids and glycopeptides. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:1830-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Geraci C, Consoli GML, Galante E, Bousquet E, Pappalardo M, Spadaro A. Calix[4]arene Decorated with Four Tn Antigen Glycomimetic Units and P3CS Immunoadjuvant: Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Immunological Evaluation. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:751-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bc700411w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corrada Geraci
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, C.N.R., Via del Santuario 110, I-95028 Valverde (CT), Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche - Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia M. L. Consoli
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, C.N.R., Via del Santuario 110, I-95028 Valverde (CT), Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche - Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Eva Galante
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, C.N.R., Via del Santuario 110, I-95028 Valverde (CT), Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche - Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ennio Bousquet
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, C.N.R., Via del Santuario 110, I-95028 Valverde (CT), Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche - Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Pappalardo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, C.N.R., Via del Santuario 110, I-95028 Valverde (CT), Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche - Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Angelo Spadaro
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, C.N.R., Via del Santuario 110, I-95028 Valverde (CT), Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche - Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
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30
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Veprek P, Hajdúch M, Dzubak P, Kuklík R, Polakova J, Bezouska K. Comblike dendrimers containing Tn antigen modulate natural killing and induce the production of Tn specific antibodies. J Med Chem 2006; 49:6400-7. [PMID: 17034145 DOI: 10.1021/jm050741g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Comblike glycodendrimers were prepared by the chemoselective ligation of cysteine-modified glycopeptides (1-7) with a 3-maleimidopropionate-modified linear synthetic carrier (8). Glycodendrimers bearing mono-, di-, or tri-Tn clusters (9-11) were tested as inhibitors using plant and mammalian lectins. In the former group, the Codium fragile lectin showed moderate discrimination among 9, 10, and 11. In the latter group, A and B isoforms of rat NKR-P1 lectin strongly discriminated between 9 and 10. 10 caused a 4-fold increase in killing of the NK resistant tumor cell lines at concentrations as low as 10(-8) M. Surprisingly, 11 interacted exclusively with the rat NKR-P1B isoform and inhibited efficiently natural killing in both rats and humans, even in the presence of the activating compounds 9 and 10. Dinitrophenol haptenization or influenza virus hemagglutinin T-cell epitope conjugation increased the immunogenicity of the parent compounds and resulted in the production of Tn specific antibodies.
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MESH Headings
- 2,4-Dinitrophenol/chemistry
- Animals
- Antibody Formation
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/chemistry
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/immunology
- Cysteine/chemistry
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Dendrimers/chemical synthesis
- Dendrimers/chemistry
- Dendrimers/pharmacology
- Epitopes
- Female
- Glycopeptides/chemistry
- Haptens
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin M/biosynthesis
- Jurkat Cells
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins/chemistry
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Plant Lectins/chemistry
- Protein Binding
- Protein Isoforms/chemistry
- Rats
- Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Veprek
- Group of Glycoconjugates, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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31
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Ojeda R, de Paz JL, Barrientos AG, Martín-Lomas M, Penadés S. Preparation of multifunctional glyconanoparticles as a platform for potential carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines. Carbohydr Res 2006; 342:448-59. [PMID: 17173881 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel platform for anticancer vaccines has been prepared using glyconanotechnology recently developed in our laboratory. Ten different multifunctional gold glyconanoparticles incorporating sialylTn and Lewis(y) antigens, T-cell helper peptides (TT) and glucose in well defined average proportions and with differing density have been synthesised in one step and characterised using NMR and TEM. Size and nature of the linker were crucial to control kinetics of S-Au bond formation and to achieve the desired ligand ratio on the gold clusters. The technology presented here opens the way for tailoring polyvalent anticancer vaccines candidates and drug delivery carriers with defined average chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ojeda
- Grupo de Carbohidratos, Laboratory of Glyconanotechnology, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas-CSIC, Américo Vespucio, 49, E-41092 Seville, Spain
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32
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Buskas T, Ingale S, Boons GJ. Towards a fully synthetic carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccine: synthesis and immunological evaluation of a lipidated glycopeptide containing the tumor-associated tn antigen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:5985-8. [PMID: 16108081 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Therese Buskas
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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33
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Freire T, Lo-Man R, Piller F, Piller V, Leclerc C, Bay S. Enzymatic large-scale synthesis of MUC6-Tn glycoconjugates for antitumor vaccination. Glycobiology 2006; 16:390-401. [PMID: 16449349 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwj082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer, mucins are aberrantly O-glycosylated, and consequently, they express tumor-associated antigens such as the Tn determinant (alpha-GalNAc-O-Ser/Thr). As compared with normal tissues, they also exhibit a different pattern of expression. In particular, MUC6, which is normally expressed only in gastric tissues, has been detected in intestinal, pulmonary, colorectal, and breast carcinomas. Recently, we have shown that the MCF7 breast cancer cell line expresses MUC6-Tn glycoproteins in vivo. Cancer-associated mucins show antigenic differences from normal mucins, and as such, they may be used as potential targets for immunotherapy. To develop anticancer vaccines based on the Tn antigen, we prepared several MUC6-Tn glycoconjugates. To this end, we performed the GalNAc enzymatic transfer to two recombinant MUC6 proteins expressed in Escherichia coli, using UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (ppGalNAc-Ts), which catalyze in vivo the Tn antigen synthesis. We used either a mixture of ppGalNAc-Ts from MCF7 breast cancer cell extracts or a recombinant ppGalNAc-T1. In both cases, we achieved the synthesis of MUC6-Tn glycoconjugates at a semi-preparative scale (mg amounts). These glycoproteins displayed a high level of Tn antigens, although the overall density depends on both enzyme source and protein acceptor. These MUC6-Tn glycoconjugates were recognized by two anti-Tn monoclonal antibodies that are specific to human cancer cells. Moreover, the MUC6-Tn glycoconjugate glycosylated using MCF7 extracts as the ppGalNAc-T source was able to induce immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that recognized a human tumor cell line. In conclusion, the large-scaled production of MUC6 with tumor-relevant glycoforms holds considerable promise for developing effective anticancer vaccines, and further studies of their immunological properties are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Freire
- Unité de Chimie Organique URA CNRS 2128, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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34
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Buskas T, Ingale S, Boons GJ. Towards a Fully Synthetic Carbohydrate-Based Anticancer Vaccine: Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of a Lipidated Glycopeptide Containing the Tumor-Associated Tn Antigen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Lo-Man R, Vichier-Guerre S, Perraut R, Dériaud E, Huteau V, BenMohamed L, Diop OM, Livingston PO, Bay S, Leclerc C. A Fully Synthetic Therapeutic Vaccine Candidate Targeting Carcinoma-Associated Tn Carbohydrate Antigen Induces Tumor-Specific Antibodies in Nonhuman Primates. Cancer Res 2004; 64:4987-94. [PMID: 15256473 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently developed an efficient strategy based on a fully synthetic dendrimeric carbohydrate display (multiple antigenic glycopeptide; MAG) to induce anticarbohydrate antibody responses for therapeutic vaccination against cancer. Here, we show the superior efficacy of the MAG strategy over the traditional keyhole limpet hemocyanin glycoconjugate to elicit an anticarbohydrate IgG response against the tumor-associated Tn antigen. We highlight the influence of the aglyconic carrier elements of such a tumor antigen for their recognition by the immune system. Finally, we additionally developed the MAG system by introducing promiscuous HLA-restricted T-helper epitopes and performed its immunological evaluation in nonhuman primates. MAG:Tn vaccines induced in all of the animals strong tumor-specific anti-Tn antibodies that can mediate antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity against human tumor. Therefore, the preclinical evaluation of the MAG:Tn vaccine demonstrates that it represents a safe and highly promising immunotherapeutic molecularly defined tool for targeting breast, colon, and prostate cancers that express the carbohydrate Tn antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lo-Man
- Unité de Biologie des Régulations Immunitaires (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale E352) Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France.
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36
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Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Symposia-in-Print. Bioorg Med Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Vichier-Guerre S, Lo-Man R, BenMohamed L, Dériaud E, Kovats S, Leclerc C, Bay S. Induction of carbohydrate-specific antibodies in HLA-DR transgenic mice by a synthetic glycopeptide: a potential anti cancer vaccine for human use. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 2003; 62:117-24. [PMID: 12895273 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2003.00074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, anticancer immunotherapy has emerged as a new exciting area for controlling tumors. In particular, vaccination using synthetic tumor-associated antigens (TAA), such as carbohydrate antigens hold promise for generating a specific antitumor response by targeting the immune system to cancer cells. However, development of synthetic vaccines for human use is hampered by the extreme polymorphism of human leukocyte-associated antigens (HLA). In order to stimulate a T-cell dependent anticarbohydrate response, and to bypass the HLA polymorphism of the human population, we designed and synthesized a glycopeptide vaccine containing a cluster of a carbohydrate TAA B-cell epitope (Tn antigen: alpha-GalNAc-Ser) covalently linked to peptides corresponding to the Pan DR 'universal' T-helper epitope (PADRE) and to a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope from the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The immunogenicity of the construct was evaluated in outbred mice as well as in HLA transgenic mice (HLA-DR1, and HLA-DR4). A strong T-cell dependent antibody response specific for the Tn antigen was elicited in both outbred and HLA transgenic mice. The antibodies induced by the glycopeptide construct efficiently recognized a human tumor cell line underlying the biological relevance of the response. The rational design and synthesis of the glycopeptide construct presented herein, together with its efficacy to induce antibodies specific for native tumor carbohydrate antigens, demonstrate the potential of a such synthetic molecule as an anticancer vaccine candidate for human use.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/immunology
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Glycopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Glycopeptides/therapeutic use
- HLA-DR Antigens
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vichier-Guerre
- Unité de Chimie Organique URA CNRS 2128, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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38
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Cunto-Amesty G, Monzavi-Karbassi B, Luo P, Jousheghany F, Kieber-Emmons T. Strategies in cancer vaccines development. Int J Parasitol 2003; 33:597-613. [PMID: 12782058 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(03)00054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The recent definition of tumour-specific immunity in cancer patients and the identification of tumour-associated antigens have generated renewed enthusiasm for the application of immune-based therapies for the treatment of malignancies. Recent developments in cancer vaccines have also been based on an improved understanding of the cellular interactions required to induce a specific anti-tumour immune response. Consequently, a number of cancer vaccines have entered clinical trials. Targeting broad-spectrum tumour-associated antigens has emerged as a strategy to lower the risk of tumour escape due to the loss of specific nominal antigen. Amongst the most challenging of tumour-associated antigens to which to target in active specific immunotherapy applications are carbohydrate antigens. As carbohydrates are intrinsically T-cell-independent antigens, more novel approaches are perhaps needed to drive specific-T-cell-dependent immune responses to carbohydrate antigens. In this context peptide mimetics of core structures of tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens might be developed to augment immune responses to these broad-spectrum antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cunto-Amesty
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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39
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Freire T, Casaravilla C, Carmona C, Osinaga E. Mucin-type O-glycosylation in Fasciola hepatica: characterisation of carcinoma-associated Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens and evaluation of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity. Int J Parasitol 2003; 33:47-56. [PMID: 12547345 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(02)00231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple mucin-type cancer-associated O-glycan structures, such as the Tn antigen (GalNAc-O-Ser/Thr), are expressed by certain helminth parasites. These antigens are involved in several types of receptor-ligand interactions, and they are potential targets for immunotherapy. The aim of this work was to study the initiation pathway of mucin-type O-glycosylation in Fasciola hepatica, performing a biochemical and immunohistochemical characterisation of Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens, and evaluating the ppGaNTase activity, which catalyses the first step in O-glycan biosynthesis. Using ELISA, both Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens were detected predominantly in the somatic and deoxycholate extracts. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that Tn antigen is preferentially expressed in testis, while sialyl-Tn glycoproteins were more widely distributed, being present in parenchymal cells, basal membrane of the tegument, and apical surface of epithelial cells lining the caeca. On the basis of their electrophoretic mobility, Tn glycoproteins were resolved as six components of 10, 37, 76, 125, 170 and 205 kDa, and sialyl-Tn components showed an apparent molecular mass of 28 and 32 kDa, and two broad bands of 90-110 and 170-190 kDa. The observation that only the 76 kDa Tn-glycoprotein remained in the 0.6 N perchloric acid-soluble fraction suggests that it could be a good candidate for mucin characterisation in this parasite. The ppGaNTase activity showed its maximal activity at pH 7-7.5 and 37 degrees C, showing that Mn(2+) was the best divalent cation activator. Using a panel of nine synthetic peptides as acceptor substrates, we found that F. hepatica ppGaNTase was able to glycosylate both threonines and serines, the best substrates being the peptides derived from the tandem repeat region of human mucins (MUC2 and MUC6), and from Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei glycoproteins. The results reported here constitute the first evidence on O-glycosylation pathways in F. hepatica, and may help to identify new biological characteristics of this parasite as well as of the host-parasite relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Freire
- Departamento de Bioqui;mica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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40
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Cipolla L, Rescigno M, Leone A, Peri F, La Ferla B, Nicotra F. Novel Tn antigen-containing neoglycopeptides: synthesis and evaluation as anti tumor vaccines. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:1639-46. [PMID: 11886825 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The fully unprotected alpha-C-glycosyl analogue of N-acetylgalactosamine 9 was conjugated by a non-natural oxime bond to the segment peptides (328--340)OVA and (327--339)OVA, affording neoglycopeptides 1--2 and 3, having one or two sugar units, respectively. The three neoglycopeptides were tested in vitro in an antigen presentation assay as antitumor vaccines. Neoglycopeptides 1--3 could be presented to and recognized by the T cell receptor; neoglycopeptide 3, bearing two B-epitopes, was presented to the TCR with higher efficiency, compared to neoglycopeptide 2, having only one B-epitope.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/drug effects
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/chemistry
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/immunology
- B7-2 Antigen
- Cancer Vaccines/chemical synthesis
- Cancer Vaccines/chemistry
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Glycoproteins/chemical synthesis
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Glycoproteins/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Membrane Glycoproteins/drug effects
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Oligopeptides/immunology
- Oligopeptides/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cipolla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, P.za della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy.
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41
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Bezouska K. Design, functional evaluation and biomedical applications of carbohydrate dendrimers (glycodendrimers). J Biotechnol 2002; 90:269-90. [PMID: 12071229 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-0352(01)00064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Receptors for carbohydrates of the lectin type are multisubunit and multivalent proteins with many important biological functions. In order to put their unique biological activities into use in biotechnology and biomedicine, efficient carbohydrate ligands of the glycodendrimer type have been constructed. Although these compounds may be branched into the multiple generations, structures bearing four to 16 terminal carbohydrate substituents have proved to be efficient ligands in most lectin systems. These compounds are rapidly finding important practical applications as antitumor and antiinfective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Bezouska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Praha, Czech Republic.
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42
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Allen JR, Harris CR, Danishefsky SJ. Pursuit of optimal carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines: preparation of a multiantigenic unimolecular glycopeptide containing the Tn, MBr1, and Lewis(y) antigens. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:1890-7. [PMID: 11456809 DOI: 10.1021/ja002779i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel preparation of nonnatural glycoamino acids starting from n-pentenyl glycosides is described. The approach involves a Horner-Emmons olefination with a suitably protected glycine-derived phosphonate, followed by catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation, which proceeds with excellent diastereomeric selectivity. The synthetic methodology was useful for the preparation of glycoamino acids containing the Tn antigen, the MBr1 antigen (Globo-H), the Le(y) antigen, and lactose. These glycoamino acids can also serve as units for peptide synthesis. The synthesis of polyvalent glycopeptides containing three different antitumor antigens is described (28 and 29), and these have been prepared for conjugation to carrier protein in order to access the immunogenicity for tumor immunotherapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Allen
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
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43
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Lo-Man R, Vichier-Guerre S, Bay S, Dériaud E, Cantacuzène D, Leclerc C. Anti-tumor immunity provided by a synthetic multiple antigenic glycopeptide displaying a tri-Tn glycotope. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:2849-54. [PMID: 11160353 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.4.2849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In many cancer cells the alteration of glycosylation processes leads to the expression of cryptic carbohydrate moieties, which make them good targets for immune intervention. Identification of cancer-associated glycotopes as well as progress in chemical synthesis have opened up the way for the development of fully synthetic immunogens that can induce anti-saccharide immune responses. Here, we synthesized a dendrimeric multiple antigenic glycopeptide (MAG) containing the Tn Ag O:-linked to a CD4(+) T cell epitope. This MAG is based on three consecutive Tn moieties (tri-Tn) corresponding to the glycotope recognized by an mAb (MLS 128) produced against the LS180 colon carcinoma cell line. The Abs induced by this MAG recognized murine and human tumor cell lines expressing the Tn Ag. Prophylactic vaccination using MAG provided protection of mice against tumor challenge. When used in active specific immunotherapy, the MAG carrying the tri-Tn glycotope was much more efficient than the mono-Tn analogue in promoting the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, in active specific immunotherapy, a linear glycopeptide carrying two copies of the tri-Tn glycotope was shown to be poorly efficient compared with the dendrimeric MAG. Therefore, both the clustering of carbohydrate Ags and the way they are displayed seem to be important parameters for stimulating efficient anti-saccharide immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/chemistry
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/immunology
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/chemical synthesis
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Carbohydrate Sequence
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/administration & dosage
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Female
- Glycopeptides/administration & dosage
- Glycopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Glycopeptides/immunology
- Glycopeptides/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Active
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Jurkat Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Poliovirus/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lo-Man
- Unité de Biologie des Régulations Immunitaires and Unité de Chimie Organique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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44
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Hakomori S. Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens defining tumor malignancy: basis for development of anti-cancer vaccines. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2001; 491:369-402. [PMID: 14533809 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1267-7_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tumors expressing a high level of certain types of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) exhibit greater metastasis and progression than those expressing low level of TACAs, as reflected in decreased patient survival rate. Well-documented examples of such TACAs are: (i) H/Le(y)/Le(a) in primary non-small cell lung carcinoma; (ii) sialyl-Le(x) (SLe(x)) and sialyl-Le(a) (SLe(a)) in various types of cancer; (iii) Tn and sialyl-Tn in colorectal, lung, breast, and many other cancers; (iv) GM2, GD2, and GD3 gangliosides in neuroectodermal tumors (melanoma and neuroblastoma); (v) globo-H in breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer; (vi) disialylgalactosylgloboside in renal cell carcinoma. Some glycosylations and TACAs suppress invasiveness and metastatic potential. Well-documented examples are: (i) blood group A antigen in primary lung carcinoma; (ii) bisecting beta1 --> 4GlcNAc of N-linked structure in melanoma and other cancers; (iii) galactosylgloboside (GalGb4) in seminoma. The biochemical mechanisms by which the above glycosylation changes promote or suppress tumor metastasis and invasion are mostly unknown. A few exceptional cases in which we have some knowledge are: (i) SLe(x) and SLe(a) function as E-selectin epitopes promoting tumor cell interaction with endothelial cells; (ii) some tumor cells interact through binding of TACA to specific proteins other than selectin, or to specific carbohydrate expressed on endothelial cells or other target cells (carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction); (iii) functional modification of adhesive receptor (integrin, cadherin, CD44) by glycosylation. So far, a few successful cases of anti-cancer vaccine in clinical trials have been reported, employing TACAs whose expression enhances malignancy. Examples are STn for suppression of breast cancer, GM2 and GD3 for melanoma, and globo-H for prostate cancer. Vaccine development canbe extended using other TACAs, with the following criteria for success: (i) the antigen is expressed highly on tumor cells; (ii) high antibody production depending on two factors: (a) clustering of antigen used in vaccine; (b) choice of appropriate carrier protein or lipid; (iii) high T cell response depending on choice of appropriate carrier protein or lipid; (iv) expression of the same antigen in normal epithelial tissues (e.g., renal, intestinal, colorectal) may not pose a major obstacle, i.e., these tissues are not damaged during immune response. Idiotypic anti-carbohydrate antibodies that mimic the surface profile of carbohydrate antigens, when administered to patients, elicit anti-carbohydrate antibody response, thus providing an effect similar to that of TACAs for suppression of tumor progression. An extension of this idea is the use of peptide mimetics of TACAs, based on phage display random peptide library. Although examples are so far highly limited, use of such "mimotopes" as immunogens may overcome the weak immunogenicity of TACAs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hakomori
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, University of Washington, 720 Broadway, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
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45
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Glunz PW, Hintermann S, Williams LJ, Schwarz JB, Kuduk SD, Kudryashov V, Lloyd KO, Danishefsky SJ. Design and Synthesis of Ley-Bearing Glycopeptides that Mimic Cell Surface Ley Mucin Glycoprotein Architecture. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0011820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter W. Glunz
- Contribution from the Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, and the Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, New York, New York 10027
| | - Samuel Hintermann
- Contribution from the Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, and the Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, New York, New York 10027
| | - Lawrence J. Williams
- Contribution from the Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, and the Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, New York, New York 10027
| | - Jacob B. Schwarz
- Contribution from the Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, and the Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, New York, New York 10027
| | - Scott D. Kuduk
- Contribution from the Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, and the Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, New York, New York 10027
| | - Valery Kudryashov
- Contribution from the Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, and the Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, New York, New York 10027
| | - Kenneth O. Lloyd
- Contribution from the Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, and the Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, New York, New York 10027
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Contribution from the Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, and the Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, New York, New York 10027
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Abstract
Our studies on glycosphingolipids (GSLs) were initiated through isolation and structural characterization of lacto-series type 1 and 2 GSLs, and globo-series GSLs. Lacto-series structures included histo-blood group ABH and I/i antigens. Our subsequent studies were focused on GSL changes associated with: (i) ontogenic development and differentiation; (ii) oncogenic transformation and tumor progression. Various novel types of GSLs such as extended globo-series, sialyl-Le(x) (SLe(x)), sialyl-dimeric-Le(x) (SLe(x)-Le(x)), dimeric-Le(x) (Le(x)-Le(x)), Le(y)-on-Le(x), dimeric-Le(a) (Le(a)-Le(a)), Le(b)-on-Le(a), etc. were identified as tumor-associated antigens. These studies provide an essential basis for up- or down-regulation of key glycosyltransferase genes controlling development, differentiation, and oncogenesis. GSL structures established in our laboratory are summarized in Table 1, and structural changes of GSLs associated with ontogenesis and oncogenesis are summarized in Sections 2 and 3. Based on these results, we endeavored to find out the cell biological significance of GSL changes, focused on (i) cell adhesion, e.g., the compaction process of preimplantation embryo in which Le(x)-to-Le(x), Gb4-to-GalGb4 or -nLc4 play major roles; and (ii) modulation of signal transduction through interaction of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase with ganglioside, e.g., EGF receptor tyrosine kinase with GM3. Recent trends of studies on i and ii lead to the concept that GSL clusters (microdomains) are organized with various signal transducer molecules to form 'glycosignaling domains' (GSD). GSL-dependent adhesion occurs through clustered GSLs, and is coupled with activation of signal transducers (cSrc, Src family kinase, Rho A, etc.). Clustered GSLs involved in cell adhesion are recognized by GSLs on counterpart cells (carbohydrate-to-carbohydrate interaction), or by lectins (e.g., siglecs, selectins). Our major effort in utilization of GSLs in medical science has been for: (i) cancer diagnosis and treatment (vaccine development) based on tumor-associated GSLs and glycoepitopes; (ii) genetically defined phenotype for susceptibility to E. coli infection; (iii) clear identification of physiological E-selectin epitope (myeloglycan) expressed on neutrophils and myelocytes; (iv) characterization of sialyl poly-LacNAc epitopes recognized as male-specific antigens. Utilization of these GSLs or glycoepitopes in development of anti-adhesion approach to prevent tumor metastasis, infection, inflammation, or fertilization (i.e., contraceptive) is discussed. For each approach, development of mimetics of key GSLs or glycoepitopes is an important subject of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hakomori
- Division of Biomembrane Research, Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
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Vichier-Guerre S, Lo-Man R, Bay S, Deriaud E, Nakada H, Leclerc C, Cantacuzène D. Short synthetic glycopeptides successfully induce antibody responses to carcinoma-associated Tn antigen. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 2000; 55:173-80. [PMID: 10784033 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2000.00167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycopeptides containing a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (mono-, tri- or hexa-Tn antigen) as a B-cell epitope and a CD4+ T-cell epitope (PV: poliovirus or TT: tetanus toxin) were prepared for immunological studies. Several Tn antigen residues [FmocSer/Thr (alpha-GalNAc)-OH] were successively incorporated into the peptide sequence with unprotected carbohydrate groups. The tri- and hexa-Tn glycopeptides were recognized by MLS128, a Tn-specific monoclonal antibody. The position of the tri-Tn motif in the peptide sequence and the peptide backbone itself do not alter its antigenicity. As demonstrated by both ELISA and FACS analysis, the glycopeptides induced high titers of anti-Tn antibodies in mice, in the absence of a carrier molecule. In addition, the generated antibodies recognized the native Tn antigen on cancer cells. The antibody response obtained with a D-(Tn3)-PV glycopeptide containing three alpha-GalNAc-D-serine residues is similar that obtained with the Tn6-PV glycopeptide. These results demonstrate that short synthetic glycopeptides are able to induce anticancer antibody responses.
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Bousquet E, Spadaro A, Pappalardo MS, Bernardini R, Romeo R, Panza L, Ronsisvalle G. Synthesis and Immunostimulating Activity of A Thioglycolipopeptide Glycomimetic As A Potential Anticancer Vaccine Derived From Tn Antigen. J Carbohydr Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300008544097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Glunz PW, Hintermann S, Schwarz JB, Kuduk SD, Chen XT, Williams LJ, Sames D, Danishefsky SJ, Kudryashov V, Lloyd KO. Probing Cell Surface “Glyco-Architecture” through Total Synthesis. Immunological Consequences of a Human Blood Group Determinant in a Clustered Mucin-like Context. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja992309s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter W. Glunz
- Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research 1275 York Ave., New York, New York 10021 Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York 10027
| | - Samuel Hintermann
- Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research 1275 York Ave., New York, New York 10021 Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York 10027
| | - Jacob B. Schwarz
- Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research 1275 York Ave., New York, New York 10021 Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York 10027
| | - Scott D. Kuduk
- Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research 1275 York Ave., New York, New York 10021 Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York 10027
| | - Xiao-Tao Chen
- Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research 1275 York Ave., New York, New York 10021 Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York 10027
| | - Lawrence J. Williams
- Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research 1275 York Ave., New York, New York 10021 Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York 10027
| | - Dalibor Sames
- Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research 1275 York Ave., New York, New York 10021 Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York 10027
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research 1275 York Ave., New York, New York 10021 Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York 10027
| | - Valery Kudryashov
- Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research 1275 York Ave., New York, New York 10021 Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York 10027
| | - Kenneth O. Lloyd
- Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research 1275 York Ave., New York, New York 10021 Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York 10027
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