1
|
Tacrine Derivatives in Neurological Disorders: Focus on Molecular Mechanisms and Neurotherapeutic Potential. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7252882. [PMID: 36035218 PMCID: PMC9410840 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7252882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tacrine is a drug used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease as a cognitive enhancer and inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, its clinical application has been restricted due to its poor therapeutic efficacy and high prevalence of detrimental effects. An attempt was made to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie tacrine and its analogues influence over neurotherapeutic activity by focusing on modulation of neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and regulatory role in gene and protein expression, energy metabolism, Ca2+ homeostasis modulation, and osmotic regulation. Regardless of this, analogues of tacrine are considered as a model inhibitor of cholinesterase in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. The variety both in structural make-up and biological functions of these substances is the main appeal for researchers' interest in them. A new paradigm for treating neurological diseases is presented in this review, which includes treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease, as well as other neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease and the synthesis and biological properties of newly identified versatile tacrine analogues and hybrids. We have also shown that these analogues may have therapeutic promise in the treatment of neurological diseases in a variety of experimental systems.
Collapse
|
2
|
Carreiras MDC, Marco-Contelles J. Five-Membered-Ring-Fused Tacrines as Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease Agents. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOur endeavors in the design, synthesis, and biological assessment of five-membered-ring-fused tacrines as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer’s disease are summarized. Particularly, we have identified racemic 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3-b]quinolin-5-amine, a pyranopyrazolotacrine, as having the best nontoxic profile at the highest concentrations used (300 μM); this allows cell viability, is less hepatotoxic than tacrine, and is a potent noncompetitive AChE inhibitor (IC50 = 1.52 ± 0.49 μM). It is able to completely inhibit the EeAChE-induced Aβ1–40 aggregation in a statistically significant manner without affecting the Aβ1–40 self-aggregation at 25 μM, and shows strong neuroprotective effects (EC50 = 0.82 ± 0.17 μM).1 Introduction2 Furo-, Thieno-, and Pyrrolotacrines3 Pyrazolo-, Oxazolo-, and Isoxazolotacrines4 Indolotacrines5 Pyrano- and Pyridopyrazolotacrines6 Conclusions and Outlook
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Zhu L, Wan W, Huang X. Gold-Catalyzed Oxidative Cascade Cyclization of 1,3-Diynamides: Polycyclic N-Heterocycle Synthesis via Construction of a Furopyridinyl Core. Org Lett 2020; 22:3279-3285. [PMID: 32242410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A facile and practical approach to construct a furopyridinyl motif through a gold-catalyzed cascade cyclization of easily accessible diynamides is described. This strategy offers a straightforward approach to furo[2,3-c]isoquinoline and 6H-furo[3',2':5,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indole derivatives. The reaction could build up four new bonds and two additional heteroaromatic rings via a single operation. The heterocyclic products show promising blue luminous performance with fluorescence quantum yields up to 75%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jibing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Fujian College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Fujian College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Fujian College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Fujian College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mollabagher H, Taheri S, Mojtahedi MM, Seyedmousavi S. Cu-metal organic frameworks (Cu-MOF) as an environment-friendly and economical catalyst for one pot synthesis of tacrine derivatives. RSC Adv 2020; 10:1995-2003. [PMID: 35494562 PMCID: PMC9047972 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10111j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the catalytic activity of Cu-MOF for the one-pot synthesis of tacrine derivatives via a four-component reaction of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, aldehydes, malononitrile and cycloketones in the presence of AlCl3. The structure of the synthesized compound is confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and MASS. The catalyst prepared under pressure is characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and SEM. The noteworthy advantages of this procedure include its broad substrate scope, high yields up to 93%, atom economy, using readily available starting materials and a powerful recyclable nano catalyst. Additionally, there is no need to use column chromatography for purifying products so, it has the potential for large-scale applications in pharmaceutical industries. Another advantage of this method is the ability to recycle the catalyst up to 3 times and reuse it. The present work describes the catalytic activity of Cu-MOF for the one-pot synthesis of tacrine derivatives via a four-component reaction of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, aldehydes, malononitrile and cycloketones in the presence of AlCl3.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Mollabagher
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Salman Taheri
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Girek M, Szymański P. Phyto‐Tacrine Hybrids as Promising Drugs to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Girek
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryDrug Analyses and RadiopharmacyMedical University of Lodz 90-151 Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1 Poland
| | - Paweł Szymański
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryDrug Analyses and RadiopharmacyMedical University of Lodz 90-151 Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1 Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sunke R, Nallapati SB, Kumar JS, Shiva Kumar K, Pal M. Use of AlCl3 in Friedel Crafts arylation type reactions and beyond: an overview on the development of unique methodologies leading to N-heteroarenes. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:4042-4057. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00468k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An overview on the development of unique methodologies that highlight the use of AlCl3 in reactions leading to new N-heteroarenes of biological significance is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajnikanth Sunke
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- Hyderabad Central University
- Hyderabad-500 046
- India
| | - Suresh Babu Nallapati
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- Hyderabad Central University
- Hyderabad-500 046
- India
| | - Jetta Sandeep Kumar
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- Hyderabad Central University
- Hyderabad-500 046
- India
| | - K. Shiva Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Osmania University
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | - Manojit Pal
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- Hyderabad Central University
- Hyderabad-500 046
- India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ivanov DV, Igidov NM, Rubtsov AE. Synthesis of 2-amino-5-(2-aryl-2-oxoethylidene)-4-oxo-1H-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylic acids derivatives by recyclization of 5-arylfuran-2,3-diones under the action of cyanoacetic acid derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428016050109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Sirakanyan SN, Hovakimyan AA, Noravyan AS. Synthesis, transformations and biological properties of furo[2,3-b]pyridines. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
9
|
Jasselin-Hinschberger A, Comoy C, Chartoire A, Fort Y. Elaboration of Furopyridine Scaffolds. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
10
|
Isoxazolotacrines as non-toxic and selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Future Med Chem 2014; 6:1883-91. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Owing to the complex nature of Alzheimer's disease, there is a renewed and growing search for multitarget non-toxic tacrines as simple, easily available drugs in order to stop the progress and development of the disease. Results: This paper describes our preliminary results on the synthesis, in vitro biochemical evaluation and molecular modeling of isoxazolotacrines as potential drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Novel 3-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-b]quinolin-4-amine (OC41) is a promising, 31% less toxic than tacrine in HepG2 cells, and selective reversible human butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor (IC50 = 5.08 ± 1.12 µM), also showing good drug-like properties according to the absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, Toxicity analysis. Conclusion: A new family of non-hepatotoxic permeable tacrine analogs, showing selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibition, have been discovered for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yar M, Bajda M, Mehmood RA, Sidra LR, Ullah N, Shahzadi L, Ashraf M, Ismail T, Shahzad SA, Khan ZA, Naqvi SAR, Mahmood N. Design and Synthesis of New Dual Binding Site Cholinesterase Inhibitors: in vitro Inhibition Studies with in silico Docking. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2014; 11:331-338. [PMID: 24719609 PMCID: PMC3977535 DOI: 10.2174/15701808113106660078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cholinesterases (ChEs) play a vital role in the regulation of cholinergic transmission. The inhibition of ChEs is
considered to be involved in increasing acetylcholine level in the brain and thus has been implicated in the treatment of
Alzheimer’s disease. We have designed and synthesized a series of novel indole derivatives and screened them for inhibition
of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Most of the tested compounds exhibited inhibitory
activity against AChE and BChE. Among them 4f and 6e showed the highest AChE inhibitory activity with
IC50 91.21±0.06 and 68.52±0.04 μM, respectively. However compound 5a exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against
BChE (IC50 55.21±0.12 μM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Marek Bajda
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Poland and Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Cracow, Medyczna 9, Poland
| | - Rana Atif Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Lala Rukh Sidra
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna Shahzadi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Tayaba Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Anjum Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ali Raza Naqvi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Mahmood
- Department of Allied Sciences and Chemical Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Design, synthesis, docking study and biological evaluation of some novel tetrahydrochromeno [3′,4′:5,6]pyrano[2,3-b]quinolin-6(7H)-one derivatives against acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 68:291-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
Skrzypek A, Matysiak J, Niewiadomy A, Bajda M, Szymański P. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,3,4-thiadiazole analogues as novel AChE and BuChE inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:311-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
14
|
Synthesis and X-ray structures of new cycloalka[e]pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives: novel tacrine analogues. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
León R, Garcia AG, Marco-Contelles J. Recent advances in the multitarget-directed ligands approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Med Res Rev 2011; 33:139-89. [PMID: 21793014 DOI: 10.1002/med.20248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With 27 million cases worldwide documented in 2006, Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes an overwhelming health, social, economic, and political problem to nations. Unless a new medicine capable to delay disease progression is found, the number of cases will reach 107 million in 2050. So far, the therapeutic paradigm one-compound-one-target has failed. This could be due to the multiple pathogenic mechanisms involved in AD including amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation to form plaques, τ hyperphosphorylation to disrupt microtubule to form neurofibrillary tangles, calcium imbalance, enhanced oxidative stress, impaired mitochondrial function, apoptotic neuronal death, and deterioration of synaptic transmission, particularly at cholinergic neurons. Approximately 100 compounds are presently been investigated directed to single targets, namely inhibitors of β and γ secretase, vaccines or antibodies that clear Aβ, metal chelators to inhibit Aβ aggregation, blockers of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, enhancers of mitochondrial function, antioxidants, modulators of calcium-permeable channels such as voltage-dependent calcium channels, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors for glutamate, or enhancers of cholinergic neurotransmission such as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase. In view of this complex pathogenic mechanisms, and the successful treatment of chronic diseases such as HIV or cancer, with multiple drugs having complementary mechanisms of action, the concern is growing that AD could better be treated with a single compound targeting two or more of the pathogenic mechanisms leading to neuronal death. This review summarizes the current therapeutic strategies based on the paradigm one-compound-various targets to treat AD. A treatment that delays disease onset and/or progression by 5 years could halve the number of people requiring institutionalization and/or dying from AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael León
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Lensfield road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Silva D, Chioua M, Samadi A, Carmo Carreiras M, Jimeno ML, Mendes E, Ríos CDL, Romero A, Villarroya M, López MG, Marco-Contelles J. Synthesis and pharmacological assessment of diversely substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline, and benzo[b]pyrazolo[4,3-g][1,8]naphthyridine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4676-81. [PMID: 21715067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and pharmacological analyses of a number of pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline and benzo[b]pyrazolo[4,3-g][1,8]naphthyridine derivatives are reported. We have synthesized the diversely substituted tacrine analogues 1-6, by Friedländer-type reaction of readily available o-amino-1-methyl-pyrazole-dicarbonitriles with cyclohexanone. The biological evaluation showed that pyrazolotacrines 1-6 are inhibitors of Electrophorus electricus acetylcholinesterase (EeAChE), in the micromolar range, and quite selective in respect to serum horse butyrylcholinesterase (eqBuChE) inhibition; the most interesting inhibitor is N-(5-amino-1-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]pyrazolo[4,3-g][1,8]naphthyridin-3-yl)acetamide (5) [IC(50) (EeAChE) = 0.069 ± 0.006 μM; IC(50) (eqBuChE) = 6.3 ± 0.6 μM]. Kinetic studies showed that compound 5 is a mixed-type inhibitor of EeAChE (K(i) = 155 nM). Inhibitor 5 showed a 45% neuroprotection value against rotenone/oligomycin A-induced neuronal death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av Prof Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Maalej E, Chabchoub F, Samadi A, de los Ríos C, Perona A, Morreale A, Marco-Contelles J. Synthesis, biological assessment and molecular modeling of 14-aryl-10,11,12,14-tetrahydro-9H-benzo[5,6]chromeno[2,3-b]quinolin-13-amines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2384-8. [PMID: 21411323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of racemic 14-aryl-10,11,12,14-tetrahydro-9H-benzo[5,6]chromeno[2,3-b]quinolin-13-amines (19-28), prepared by Friedländer reaction of 3-amino-1-aryl-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carbonitriles (10-18) with suitable cycloalkanones is described. These molecules are potent, in the nanomolar range [IC(50) (EeAChE)=7-101 nM], and selective inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The most potent inhibitor, 4-(13-amino-10,11,12,14-tetrahydro-9H-benzo[5,6]chromeno[2,3-b]quinolin-14-yl)phenol (20) [IC(50) (EeAChE)=7±2 nM] is four-fold more active than tacrine. Kinetic studies on compound 20 showed that this is a mixed-type inhibitor of EeAChE with a K(i) of 5.00 nM. However, racemic 20 was unable to displace propidium iodide, suggesting that the inhibitor does not strongly bind to the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. Docking, molecular dynamics stimulations, and MM-GBSA calculations agree well with this behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emna Maalej
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée: Hétérocycles, Corps Gras et Polymères Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hu H, Song L, Fang Q, Zheng J, Meng Z, Luo Y. Tin (IV) chloride-promoted one-pot synthesis of novel tacrine analogues. Molecules 2011; 16:1878-87. [PMID: 21343890 PMCID: PMC6259742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16021878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile synthesis of potential acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, the tacrine analogues 3a-p, has been accomplished by direct cyclocondensation of 1-aryl-4-cyano-5-aminopyrazole with β-ketoesters using tin(IV) chloride as catalyst. The structures of all the compounds have been confirmed by IR, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Linhai 317000, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Neuroactive Multifunctional Tacrine Congeners with Cholinesterase, Anti-Amyloid Aggregation and Neuroprotective Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2011. [PMCID: PMC4053961 DOI: 10.3390/ph4020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
20
|
Shiri M, Zolfigol MA, Kruger HG, Tanbakouchian Z. Friedländer Annulation in the Synthesis of Azaheterocyclic Compounds. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385464-3.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
21
|
Litvinov YM, Shestopalov AM. Synthesis, Structure, Chemical Reactivity, and Practical Significance of 2-Amino-4H-pyrans. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386011-8.00003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
22
|
Chen N, Liu C, Zhao L, Zhang H. 3D-QSAR study of multi-target-directed AchE inhibitors based on autodocking. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
23
|
de Los Ríos C, Egea J, Marco-Contelles J, León R, Samadi A, Iriepa I, Moraleda I, Gálvez E, García AG, López MG, Villarroya M, Romero A. Synthesis, inhibitory activity of cholinesterases, and neuroprotective profile of novel 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5129-43. [PMID: 20575555 DOI: 10.1021/jm901902w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
1,8-Naphthyridine derivatives related to 17 (ITH4012), a neuroprotective compound reported by our research group, have been synthesized. In general, they have shown better inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) than most tacrine derivatives previously synthesized in our laboratory. The compounds presented an interesting neuroprotective profile in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells stressed with rotenone/oligomycin A. Moreover, compound 14 (ethyl 5-amino-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridine-3-carboxylate) also caused protection in cells stressed with okadaic acid (OA) or amyloid beta 1-42 peptide (Abeta(1-42)). Interestingly, compound 14 prevented the OA-induced PP2A inhibition, one of the enzymes implicated in tau dephosphorylation. This compound also exhibited neuroprotection against neurotoxicity elicited by oxygen and glucose deprivation in hippocampal slices. Because these stressors caused neuronal damage related to physiopathological hallmarks found in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, we conclude that compound 14 deserves further in vivo studies in AD models to test its therapeutic potential in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal de Los Ríos
- Departamento de Farmacologia y Terapeutica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Teofilo Hernando, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li XY, Zhang J, Dai JP, Liu XM, Li ZW. Actions of bis(7)-tacrine and tacrine on transient potassium current in rat DRG neurons and potassium current mediated by K(V)4.2 expressed in Xenopus oocyte. Brain Res 2010; 1318:23-32. [PMID: 20043893 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bis(7)-tacrine [bis(7)-tetrahydroaminacrine] is a dimeric AChE inhibitor derived from tacrine with a potential to treat Alzheimer's disease. Actions of bis(7)-tacrine on ligand-gated ion channels and voltage-gated cation channels have been identified on neurons of both central and peripheral nervous systems. In the present study, the effect of bis(7)-tacrine was investigated on the K(V)4.2 encoded potassium currents expressed in Xenopus oocytes and the transient A-type potassium current (I(K(A))) on rat DRG neurons. Bis(7)-tacrine suppressed recombinant Kv4.2 potassium channels in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC(50) value of 0.53+/-0.13 muM. Tacrine also inhibited Kv4.2 channels, but with a much lower potency (IC(50) 74+/-15 muM).The possible mechanisms underlying the inhibition on potassium currents by bis(7)-tacrine/tacrine could be that inactivation of the transient potassium currents was accelerated and recovery of the native or Kv4.2 expressed potassium currents was suppressed by bis(7)-tacrine/tacrine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yuan Li
- Institute for Electronics and Informatics, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Selvam NP, Babu TH, Perumal PT. A simple and convenient approach to the Friedländer synthesis of pyrano[2,3-b]pyridines. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
26
|
Abstract
The synthesis of highly potent and selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, tacrine analogues with the structure of fused 4-aminoquinolines and 4-aminopyridines, has been accomplished by direct cyclocondensation of 1-aryl-4-cyano-5-aminopyrazoles with cyclic ketones using tin(IV) chloride as catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Hu
- College of Pharmaceutial and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Linhai 317000, P.R. China
| | - Anjiang Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China
| | - Lisheng Ding
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Marco-Contelles J, Pérez-Mayoral E, Samadi A, Carreiras MDC, Soriano E. Recent Advances in the Friedländer Reaction. Chem Rev 2009; 109:2652-71. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800482c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres y Química Computacional (IQOG, CSIC), Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain, and iMed.UL, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Forcas Armadas, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elena Pérez-Mayoral
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres y Química Computacional (IQOG, CSIC), Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain, and iMed.UL, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Forcas Armadas, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Abdelouahid Samadi
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres y Química Computacional (IQOG, CSIC), Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain, and iMed.UL, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Forcas Armadas, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - María do Carmo Carreiras
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres y Química Computacional (IQOG, CSIC), Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain, and iMed.UL, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Forcas Armadas, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elena Soriano
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres y Química Computacional (IQOG, CSIC), Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain, and iMed.UL, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Forcas Armadas, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cavalli A, Bolognesi ML, Minarini A, Rosini M, Tumiatti V, Recanatini M, Melchiorre C. Multi-target-directed ligands to combat neurodegenerative diseases. J Med Chem 2008; 51:347-72. [PMID: 18181565 DOI: 10.1021/jm7009364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 823] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cavalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Solntseva EI, Bukanova JV, Marchenko E, Skrebitsky VG. Donepezil is a strong antagonist of voltage-gated calcium and potassium channels in molluscan neurons. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2007; 144:319-26. [PMID: 17126610 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in Alzheimer's disease therapy. The neuroprotective effect of donepezil has been demonstrated in a number of different models of neurodegeneration including beta-amyloid toxicity. Since the mechanisms of neurodegeneration involve the activation of both Ca(2+)- and K(+)-channels, the study of donepezil action on voltage-gated ionic currents looked advisable. In the present study, the action of donepezil on voltage-gated Ca(2+)- and K(+)-channels was investigated on isolated neurons of the edible snail (Helix pomatia) using the two-microelectrodes voltage-clamp technique. Donepezil rapidly and reversibly inhibited voltage activated Ca(2+)-current (I(Ca)) (IC(50)=7.9 microM) and three types of high threshold K(+)-current: Ca(2+)-dependent K(+)-current (I(C)) (IC(50)=6.4 microM), delayed rectifier K(+)-current (I(DR)) (IC(50)=8.0 microM) and fast transient K(+)-current (I(Adepol)) (IC(50)=9.1 microM). The drug caused a dual effect on low-threshold fast transient K(+)-current (I(A)), potentiating it at low (5 microM) concentration, but inhibiting at higher (7 microM and above) concentration. Donepezil also caused a significant hyperpolarizing shift of the voltage-current relationship of I(Ca) (but not of any type of K(+)-current). Results suggest the possible contribution of the blocking effect of donepezil on the voltage-gated Ca(2+)- and K(+)-channels to the neuroprotective effect of the drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Solntseva
- Brain Research Institute, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Per. Obukha, 5, 105064, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Marco-Contelles J, León R, López MG, García AG, Villarroya M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 4H-pyrano[2,3-b]quinoline derivatives that block acetylcholinesterase and cell calcium signals, and cause neuroprotection against calcium overload and free radicals. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:1464-9. [PMID: 17030484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Revised: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of ethyl 5-amino-4-(3-pyridyl)-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[2,3-b]quinoline-3-carboxylates (9-11) is described. We have found that these compounds inhibit AChE with a mild potency, mitigates the [Ca(2+)](c) triggered by high K(+), and cause neuroprotection against Ca(2+) overloading and free radical-induced neuronal death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres (IQOG, CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Marco-Contelles J, León R, de los Ríos C, García AG, López MG, Villarroya M. New multipotent tetracyclic tacrines with neuroprotective activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:8176-85. [PMID: 17005406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2006] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and the biological evaluation (neuroprotection, voltage dependent calcium channel blockade, AChE/BuChE inhibitory activity and propidium binding) of new multipotent tetracyclic tacrine analogues (5-13) are described. Compounds 7, 8 and 11 showed a significant neuroprotective effect on neuroblastoma cells subjected to Ca(2+) overload or free radical induced toxicity. These compounds are modest AChE inhibitors [the best inhibitor (11) is 50-fold less potent than tacrine], but proved to be very selective, as for most of them no BuChE inhibition was observed. In addition, the propidium displacement experiments showed that these compounds bind AChE to the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE and, consequently, are potential agents that can prevent the aggregation of beta-amyloid. Overall, compound 8 is a modest and selective AChE inhibitor, but an efficient neuroprotective agent against 70mM K(+) and 60microM H(2)O(2). Based on these results, some of these molecules can be considered as lead candidates for the further development of anti-Alzheimer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres (IQOG, CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ershov OV, Melekhin EA, Bardasov IN, Kayukov YS, Eremkin AV, Nasakin OE. Reaction of 4-aryl-2-aminobuta-1,3-diene-1,1,3-tricarbonitriles with CH-nucleophiles: I. Synthesis of 5-aryl-2,4-diamino-8,8-dimethyl-6-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carbonitriles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428006090223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
33
|
2-Aminofurans and 3-Aminofurans. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(06)92001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
34
|
León R, Marco-Contelles J, García AG, Villarroya M. Synthesis, acetylcholinesterase inhibition and neuroprotective activity of new tacrine analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:1167-75. [PMID: 15670925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Revised: 11/03/2004] [Accepted: 11/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and the biological evaluation (acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity and neuroprotection) of the new tacrine analogues 2-14 is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael León
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres (IQOG, CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Stankovich L, Wicks D, Despotovski S, Liang D. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in Ion Channel Screening. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2004; 2:569-74. [PMID: 15671655 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2004.2.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This article examines the utility of atomic absorption spectroscopy, in conjunction with cold flux assays, to ion channel screening. The multiplicity of ion channels that can be interrogated using cold flux assays and atomic absorption spectroscopy is summarized. The importance of atomic absorption spectroscopy as a screening tool is further elaborated upon by providing examples of the relevance of ion channels to various physiological processes and targeted diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Stankovich
- Aurora Biomed Inc., 1001 East Pender Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6A 1W2.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shao D, Zou C, Luo C, Tang X, Li Y. Synthesis and evaluation of tacrine–E2020 hybrids as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4639-42. [PMID: 15324879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2004] [Revised: 06/29/2004] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tacrine-E2020 hybrids and some related compounds were prepared and their bioactivities on the Alzheimer's disease were assayed. The optimum hybrid inhibitor 3 is 37-fold more potent and 31-fold more selective than tacrine in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Shao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zhu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Synthesis, electrochemical and biological studies on polyfunctionalized 4-ferrocenyl-4H-pyran and 4-ferrocenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
38
|
Marco JL, de los Ríos C, García AG, Villarroya M, Carreiras MC, Martins C, Eleutério A, Morreale A, Orozco M, Luque FJ. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling of diversely functionalized heterocyclic derivatives as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase/butyrylcholinesterase and modulators of Ca2+ channels and nicotinic receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:2199-218. [PMID: 15080920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2003] [Accepted: 02/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and the biological activity of compounds 5-40 as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), as well as modulators of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels and nicotinic receptors, are described. These molecules are tacrine analogues, which have been prepared from polyfunctionalized 6-amino-5-cyano-4H-pyrans, 6-amino-5-cyano-pyridines and 5-amino-2-aryl-3-cyano-1,3-oxazoles via Friedländer reaction with selected cycloalkanones. These compounds are moderate acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors, the BuChE/AChE selectivity of the most active molecules ranges from 10.0 (compound 29) to 76.9 (compound 16). Interestingly, the 'oxazolo-tacrine' derivatives are devoid of any activity. All compounds showed an important inhibitory effect on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Most of them also blocked L-type Ca(2+) channels, and three of them, 64, 19 and 67, the non-L type of Ca(2+) channels. Molecular modelling studies suggest that these compounds might bind at the peripheral binding site of AChE, which opens the possibility to design inhibitors able to bind at both, the catalytic and peripheral binding sites of the enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José L Marco
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres, IQOG, CSIC, C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Orozco C, de Los Rios C, Arias E, León R, García AG, Marco JL, Villarroya M, López MG. ITH4012 (Ethyl 5-Amino-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-phenylbenzol[1,8]naphthyridine-3-carboxylate), a Novel Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor with “Calcium Promotor” and Neuroprotective Properties. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 310:987-94. [PMID: 15111641 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.068189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethyl 5-amino-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-phenylbenzol[1,8] naphthyridine-3-carboxylate (ITH4012) is a novel tacrine derivative that can reduce cell death induced by various compounds with different mechanisms of action, such as thapsigargin (reticular stress), H2O2 (free radicals), and veratridine (calcium overload), in bovine chromaffin cell. Cell viability, quantified as lactic dehydrogenase release, was significantly reduced by ITH4012 at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 3 microM. In the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, ITH4012 also reduced amyloid beta25-35-induced apoptosis, determined by flow cytometry. ITH4012 caused a slight elevation in the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+ in fura 2-loaded bovine chromaffin cells, which could be related to the induction of protein synthesis relevant for cell survival. Blockade of protein synthesis by cycloheximide or blockade of Bcl-2's active site with HA14-1 (ethyl 2-amino-6-bromo-4-(1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate) reversed the cytoprotective action of ITH4012. Furthermore, exposure of bovine chromaffin cells for 24 or 48 h to neuroprotective concentrations of this compound enhanced, nearly 3-fold, the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. In conclusion, ITH4012 is a tacrine derivative that maintains acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting activity (IC50=0.8 microM) but has the additional property of acting as a calcium promotor, a property leading to neuroprotection through the induction of antiapoptotic proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Orozco
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bencharit S, Morton CL, Hyatt JL, Kuhn P, Danks MK, Potter PM, Redinbo MR. Crystal structure of human carboxylesterase 1 complexed with the Alzheimer's drug tacrine: from binding promiscuity to selective inhibition. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2003; 10:341-9. [PMID: 12725862 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(03)00071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) is a broad-spectrum bioscavenger that plays important roles in narcotic metabolism, clinical prodrug activation, and the processing of fatty acid and cholesterol derivatives. We determined the 2.4 A crystal structure of hCE1 in complex with tacrine, the first drug approved for treating Alzheimer's disease, and compare this structure to the Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase (AcChE)-tacrine complex. Tacrine binds in multiple orientations within the catalytic gorge of hCE1, while it stacks in the smaller AcChE active site between aromatic side chains. Our results show that hCE1's promiscuous action on distinct substrates is enhanced by its ability to interact with ligands in multiple orientations at once. Further, we use our structure to identify tacrine derivatives that act as low-micromolar inhibitors of hCE1 and may provide new avenues for treating narcotic abuse and cholesterol-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sompop Bencharit
- Department of Chemistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|