1
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Temple KJ, Wright EN, Fierke CA, Gibbs RA. Exploration of GGTase-I substrate requirements. Part 1: Synthesis and biochemical evaluation of novel aryl-modified geranylgeranyl diphosphate analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3499-502. [PMID: 27342750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein geranylgeranylation is a type of post-translational modification that aids in the localization of proteins to the plasma member where they elicit cellular signals. To better understand the isoprenoid requirements of GGTase-I, a series of aryl-modified geranylgeranyl diphosphate analogs were synthesized and screened against mammalian GGTase-I. Of our seven-member library of compounds, six analogs proved to be substrates of GGTase-I, with 6d having a krel=1.93 when compared to GGPP (krel=1.0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla J Temple
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; The Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47909, USA.
| | - Elia N Wright
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Carol A Fierke
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; The Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47909, USA
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2
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Troutman JM, Erickson KM, Scott PM, Hazel JM, Martinez CD, Dodbele S. Tuning the production of variable length, fluorescent polyisoprenoids using surfactant-controlled enzymatic synthesis. Biochemistry 2015; 54:2817-27. [PMID: 25897619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bactoprenyl diphosphate (BPP), a two-E eight-Z configuration C55 isoprenoid, serves as a critical anchor for the biosynthesis of complex glycans central to bacterial survival and pathogenesis. BPP is formed by the polymerase undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (UppS), which catalyzes the elongation of a single farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) with eight Z-configuration isoprene units from eight isopentenyl diphosphates. In vitro analysis of UppS and other polyprenyl diphosphate synthases requires the addition of a surfactant such as Triton X-100 to stimulate the release of the hydrophobic product from the enzyme for effective and efficient turnover. Here using a fluorescent 2-nitrileanilinogeranyl diphosphate analogue of FPP, we have found that a wide range of surfactants can stimulate release of product from UppS and that the structure of the surfactant has a major impact on the lengths of products produced by the protein. Of particular importance, shorter chain surfactants promote the release of isoprenoids with four to six Z-configuration isoprene additions, while larger chain surfactants promote the formation of natural isoprenoid lengths (8Z) and larger. We have found that the product chain lengths can be readily controlled and coarsely tuned by adjusting surfactant identity, concentration, and reaction time. We have also found that binary mixtures of just two surfactants can be used to fine-tune isoprenoid lengths. The surfactant effects discovered do not appear to be significantly altered with an alternative isoprenoid substrate. However, the surfactant effects do appear to be dependent on differences in UppS between bacterial species. This work provides new insights into surfactant effects in enzymology and highlights how these effects can be leveraged for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of otherwise difficult to obtain glycan biosynthesis probes. This work also provides key reagents for the systematic analysis of structure-activity relationships between glycan biosynthesis enzymes and isoprenoid structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry M Troutman
- †Department of Chemistry, ‡Nanoscale Science Program, and §The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Katelyn M Erickson
- †Department of Chemistry, ‡Nanoscale Science Program, and §The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Phillip M Scott
- †Department of Chemistry, ‡Nanoscale Science Program, and §The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Joseph M Hazel
- †Department of Chemistry, ‡Nanoscale Science Program, and §The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Christina D Martinez
- †Department of Chemistry, ‡Nanoscale Science Program, and §The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Samantha Dodbele
- †Department of Chemistry, ‡Nanoscale Science Program, and §The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
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3
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Roe SJ, Oldfield MF, Geach N, Baxter A. A convergent stereocontrolled synthesis of [3-(14) C]solanesol. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 56:485-91. [PMID: 24285526 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, we report the synthesis of ~5 mCi of [3-(14) C]solanesol (1) prepared from ethyl [3-(14) C]acetoacetate and (all-E)-octaprenyl bromide (2) in four steps, with a specific radioactivity of 19.83 mCi/mmol and with a chemical/stereochemical and radiochemical purity of ≥ 95%. (Figure ). Position 3 of the chain was selected for (14) C labelling because of the metabolic stability of this position. Unlabelled (all-E)-octaprenyl (18) (Scheme ) necessary for this work was prepared via a convergent iterative 'allyl-allyl' coupling approach of precursors easily derived from readily available inexpensive starting materials.(1)
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Roe
- Selcia Ltd, Fyfield Business & Research Park, Fyfield Road, Ongar, Essex, CM5 0GS, UK
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4
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Jarchow-Choy SK, Koppisch AT, Fox DT. Synthetic Routes to Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway Intermediates and Downstream Isoprenoids. CURR ORG CHEM 2014; 18:1050-1072. [PMID: 25009443 PMCID: PMC4082188 DOI: 10.2174/1385272819666140501001101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenoids constitute the largest class of natural products with greater than 55,000 identified members. They play essential roles in maintaining proper cellular function leading to maintenance of human health, plant defense mechanisms against predators, and are often exploited for their beneficial properties in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Most impressively, all known isoprenoids are derived from one of two C5-precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) or dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). In order to study the enzyme transformations leading to the extensive structural diversity found within this class of compounds there must be access to the substrates. Sometimes, intermediates within a biological pathway can be isolated and used directly to study enzyme/pathway function. However, the primary route to most of the isoprenoid intermediates is through chemical catalysis. As such, this review provides the first exhaustive examination of synthetic routes to isoprenoid and isoprenoid precursors with particular emphasis on the syntheses of intermediates found as part of the 2C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. In addition, representative syntheses are presented for the monoterpenes (C10), sesquiterpenes (C15), diterpenes (C20), triterpenes (C30) and tetraterpenes (C40). Finally, in some instances, the synthetic routes to substrate analogs found both within the MEP pathway and downstream isoprenoids are examined.
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5
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Yamamoto Y, Ikizakura K, Ito H, Miyaura N. Cross-coupling reaction with lithium methyltriolborate. Molecules 2012; 18:430-9. [PMID: 23275051 PMCID: PMC6270471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18010430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We newly developed lithium methyltriolborate as an air-stable white solid that is convenient to handle. The good performance of this triolborate for metal-catalyzed bond-forming reactions was demonstrated in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with haloarenes. Cross-coupling reaction of [MeB(OCH₂)₃CCH₃]Li with aryl halides occurred in the presence of Pd(OAc)₂/RuPhos complex in refluxing MeOH/H₂O and the absence of bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Yamamoto
- Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
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6
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Shou Q, Wohlmuth H, He X, Liu L, Shen Z. Chemical constituents from Fritillaria anhuiensis. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Chassaing S, Specklin S, Weibel JM, Pale P. Vinyl triflates derived from 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and analogs: access and applications to organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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8
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Placzek AT, Krzysiak AJ, Gibbs RA. Chemical Probes of Protein Prenylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415922-8.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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9
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Wada A, Wang F, Suhara Y, Yamano Y, Okitsu T, Nakagawa K, Okano T. Efficient synthesis and biological evaluation of demethyl geranylgeranoic acid derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:5795-806. [PMID: 20673632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic retinoids have generated in the fields of dermatology and oncology due to their potent anti-proliferative and differentiation activities. We efficiently synthesized different demethyl geranylgeranoic acid (GGA) analogs, and evaluated their biological activities. Among the demethyl analogs synthesized, 3-demethyl derivative exhibited the highest anti-proliferative activity in HL-60 cells. In addition, a 3-demethyl derivative induced apoptosis more potently than 9Z-retinoic acid. These activities were due to the high binding affinity of 3-demethyl derivative for retinoid receptors. We found that, in a conjugated polyene system combined with a methyl substituent, the position of the methyl played an important role in the regulation of gene transcription and apoptosis-inducing activity. These results provided useful information on the structure-activity relationships of GGA derivatives that function as acyclic retinoic acid analogs. This information is likely to be useful in the development of new anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimori Wada
- Department of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Japan.
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10
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Subramanian T, Liu S, Troutman JM, Andres DA, Spielmann HP. Protein farnesyltransferase-catalyzed isoprenoid transfer to peptide depends on lipid size and shape, not hydrophobicity. Chembiochem 2009; 9:2872-82. [PMID: 18985644 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Protein farnesyl transferase (FTase) catalyzes transfer of a 15-carbon farnesyl group from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to a conserved cysteine in the C-terminal Ca(1)a(2)X motif of a range of proteins, including the oncoprotein H-Ras ("C" refers to the cysteine, "a" to any aliphatic amino acid, and "X" to any amino acid) and the lipid chain interacts with, and forms part of the Ca(1)a(2)X peptide binding site. Previous studies have shown that H-Ras biological function is ablated when it is modified with lipids that are 3-5 orders of magnitude less hydrophobic than FPP. Here, we employed a library of anilinogeranyl diphosphate (AGPP) and phenoxygeranyl diphosphate (PGPP) derivatives with a range of polarities (log P (lipid alcohol) = 0.7-6.8, log P (farnesol) = 6.1) and shapes to examine whether FTase-catalyzed transfer to peptide is dependent on the hydrophobicity of the lipid. Analysis of steady-state transfer kinetics for analogues to dansyl-GCVLS peptide revealed that the efficiency of lipid transfer was highly dependent on both the shape and size, but was independent of the polarity of the analogue. These observations indicate that hydrophobic features of isoprenoids critical for their association with membranes and/or protein receptors are not required for efficient transfer to Ca(1)a(2)X peptides by FTase. Furthermore, the results of these studies indicate that the role played by the farnesyl lipid in the FTase mechanism is primarily structural. To explain these results we propose a model in which the FTase active site stabilizes a membrane interface-like environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaiah Subramanian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0084, USA
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11
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Minutolo F, Bertini S, Betti L, Danesi R, Gervasi G, Giannaccini G, Martinelli A, Papini AM, Peroni E, Placanica G, Rapposelli S, Tuccinardi T, Macchia M. Synthesis of stable analogues of geranylgeranyl diphosphate possessing a (Z,E,E)-geranylgeranyl side chain, docking analysis, and biological assays for prenyl protein transferase inhibition. ChemMedChem 2006; 1:218-24. [PMID: 16892354 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200500010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of novel stable analogues of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), in which the "natural" all-trans geranylgeranyl portion has been replaced by a (Z,E,E)-geranylgeranyl chain. The change in configuration and consequent change in the relative position of the polar portion with the lipophilic side chain did not improve the properties of the E,E,E analogues in their inhibition of geranylgeranyl protein transferase I (GGTase I). However, a significant level of GGTase I inhibition and selectivity for GGTase I over farnesyl transferase (FTase) was maintained the unsubstituted phosphonoacetamidoxy derivative 4 a. This has shed light on the relative importance of the configuration at the C2=C3 double bond among GGPP derivatives. Moreover, the biological activities of all the compounds reported herein, in particular the preferential FTase inhibitory activity shown by compound 6, were in good agreement with the results of docking analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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12
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Minutolo F, Antonello M, Barontini S, Bertini S, Betti L, Danesi R, Gervasi G, Giannaccini G, Papi C, Placanica G, Rapposelli S, Macchia M. Phosphonomethylphosphorylmethyl(oxy)-analogues of geranylgeranyl diphosphate as stable and selective geranylgeranyl protein transferase inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 59:887-92. [PMID: 15544793 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2004.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2004] [Accepted: 08/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The diphosphate moiety of geranylgeranyldiphosphate (GGdP) was replaced with metabolically and hydrolytically stable analogous polar portions, in an attempt to obtain new geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase) inhibitors, which could also be selective over congener enzyme farnesyltransferase (FTase). In particular, the phosphonomethylphosphorylmethoxy derivative showed the highest inhibition potency, accompanied by a satisfactory GGTase/FTase selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Anderson JL, Henriksen BS, Gibbs RA, Hrycyna CA. The isoprenoid substrate specificity of isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase: development of novel inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:29454-61. [PMID: 15946942 PMCID: PMC3401627 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m504982200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase (Icmt) is an integral membrane protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells that catalyzes the post-translational alpha-carboxylmethylesterification of CAAX motif proteins, including the oncoprotein Ras. Prior to methylation, these protein substrates all contain an isoprenylcysteine residue at the C terminus. In this study, we developed a variety of substrates and inhibitors of Icmt that vary in the isoprene moiety in order to gain information about the nature of the lipophilic substrate binding site. These isoprenoid-modified analogs of the minimal Icmt substrate N-acetyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine (AFC) were synthesized from newly and previously prepared farnesol analogs. Using both yeast and human Icmt enzymes, these compounds were found to vary widely in their ability to act as substrates, supporting the isoprenoid moiety as a key substrate recognition element for Icmt. Compound 3 is a competitive inhibitor of overexpressed yeast Icmt (K(I) = 17.1 +/- 1.7 microm). Compound 4 shows a mix of competitive and uncompetitive inhibition for both the yeast and the human Icmt proteins (yeast K(IC) = 35.4 +/- 3.4 microm, K(IU) = 614.4 +/- 148 microm; human K(IC) = 119.3 +/- 18.1 microm, K(IU) = 377.2 +/- 42.5 microm). These data further suggest that differences in substrate specificity exist between the human and yeast enzymes. Biological studies suggest that inhibition of Icmt results in Ras mislocalization and loss of cellular transformation ability, making Icmt an attractive and novel anticancer target. Further elaboration of the lead compounds synthesized and assayed here may lead to clinically useful higher potency inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Cancer Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Brian S. Henriksen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Cancer Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Cancer Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Address correspondence to: Christine A. Hrycyna, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, Tel: 765-494-7322, Fax: 765-494-0239, ; Richard A. Gibbs, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, Tel: 765-494-1456, Fax: 765-494-1414,
| | - Christine A. Hrycyna
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Cancer Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Address correspondence to: Christine A. Hrycyna, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, Tel: 765-494-7322, Fax: 765-494-0239, ; Richard A. Gibbs, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, Tel: 765-494-1456, Fax: 765-494-1414,
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14
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Applied Suzuki cross-coupling reaction for syntheses of biologically active compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-3158(06)80004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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15
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Minutolo F, Asso V, Bertini S, Betti L, Gervasi G, Ghilardi E, Giannaccini G, Placanica G, Prota G, Rapposelli S, Macchia M. Stable propylphosphonic acid analogues of geranylgeranyl diphosphate possessing inhibitory activity on geranylgeranyl protein transferase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 59:857-61. [PMID: 15544789 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2004.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2004] [Accepted: 06/26/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Stable analogues of geranylgeranyl diphosphate, possessing 3-(phosphono)propionamido moieties in the place of the metabolically unstable diphosphate portion, were prepared and submitted to prenyltransferase (GGTase and FTase) inhibition assays. In one case, an excellent GGTase inhibitory activity was obtained (IC(50) = 39 nM), accompanied by a certain degree of GGTase vs. FTase selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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16
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Minutolo F, Bertini S, Betti L, Danesi R, Gervasi G, Giannaccini G, Papi C, Placanica G, Barontini S, Rapposelli S, Macchia M. Stable analogues of geranylgeranyl diphosphate possessing improved geranylgeranyl versus farnesyl protein transferase inhibitory selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 13:4405-8. [PMID: 14643335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphonoacetamido(oxy) groups have proven to be good mimics of the diphosphate portion in geranylgeranyl protein transferase I (GGTase I) inhibitors. The introduction of small alkyl groups (Me, Et) into the diphosphate mimic moiety caused a further decrease in collateral farnesyl protein transferase (FTase) inhibitory activity, thereby improving GGTase I over FTase selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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17
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An Y, Shao Y, Alory C, Matteson J, Sakisaka T, Chen W, Gibbs RA, Wilson IA, Balch WE. Geranylgeranyl switching regulates GDI-Rab GTPase recycling. Structure 2003; 11:347-57. [PMID: 12623022 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-2126(03)00034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Rab GTPases, key regulators of membrane targeting and fusion, require the covalent attachment of geranylgeranyl lipids to their C terminus for function. To elucidate the role of lipid in Rab recycling, we have determined the crystal structure of Rab guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (alphaGDI) in complex with a geranylgeranyl (GG) ligand (H(2)N-Cys-(S-GG)-OMe). The lipid is bound beneath the Rab binding platform in a shallow hydrophobic groove. Mutation of the binding pocket in the brain-specific alphaGDI leads to mental retardation. Strikingly, lipid binding acts through a conserved allosteric switching mechanism to promote release of the GDI-Rab[GDP] complex from the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu An
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92130, USA
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18
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Fairlamb IJS. 3 Transition metals in organic synthesis : Part (ii) Stoichiometric applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b307004m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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El Oualid F, Bruining L, Leroy I, Cohen L, van Boom J, van der Marel G, Overkleeft H, Overhand M. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Protein:Geranylgeranyltransferase I Inhibitors Based on the CaaX Box: Incorporation of Sugar Amino Acids as Dipeptide Isosters. Helv Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1522-2675(200210)85:10<3455::aid-hlca3455>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farid El Oualid
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL‐2301 RA Leiden
| | - Leon Bruining
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL‐2301 RA Leiden
| | - Ingrid M. Leroy
- TNO Prevention and Health, Gaubius Laboratory, P.O. Box 2215, NL‐2301 CE Leiden
| | - Louis H. Cohen
- TNO Prevention and Health, Gaubius Laboratory, P.O. Box 2215, NL‐2301 CE Leiden
| | - Jacques H. van Boom
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL‐2301 RA Leiden
| | - Gijs A. van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL‐2301 RA Leiden
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL‐2301 RA Leiden
| | - Mark Overhand
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL‐2301 RA Leiden
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20
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Abstract
[structure: see text] Six farnesyl diphosphate analogues modified in the central isoprene unit have been prepared via our stereoselective vinyl triflate-mediated route to isoprenoids. The 7-allyl compound 6 is a modest inhibitor of mammalian protein-farnesyl transferase, but surprisingly the other five analogues are effective alternative substrates for this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwan S Rawat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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