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Ling J, Zhou L. Picking Two out of Three: Defluorinative Annulation of Trifluoromethyl Alkenes for the Synthesis of Monofluorinated Carbo- and Heterocycles. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300332. [PMID: 38251926 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand of organofluorine compounds in medicine, agriculture, and materials sciences makes sophisticated methods for their synthesis ever more necessary. Nowadays, not only the C-F bond formation but also the selective C-F bond cleavage of readily available poly- or perfluorine-containing compounds have become powerful tools for the effective synthesis of organofluorine compounds. The defluorinative cross-coupling of trifluoromethyl alkenes with various nucleophiles or radical precursors in an SN 2' manner is a convergent route to access gem-difluoroalkenes, which in turn react with nucleophiles or radical precursors via an SN V-type reaction. If the SN V reactions occur intramolecularly, the dual C-F bond cleavage of trifluoromethyl alkenes allows facile assembly of monofluorinated cyclic skeletons with structural complexity and diversity. In this personal account, we summarized the advances in this field on the basis of coupling and cyclization partners, including binucleophiles, alkynes, diradical precursors and radical precursors bearing a nucleophilic site. Accordingly, the annulation reactions can be achieved by base-mediated sequential SN 2'/SN V reactions, transition metal catalyzed or mediated reactions, photoredox catalysis, and the combination of photocatalytic reactions with SN V reaction. In the context of seminal works of others in this field, a concise summary of the contributions of the authors is also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Ling
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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2
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He ZQ, Chen SJ, Chen GS, Lin JH, Wu JM, Liu YL. Base-Controlled Divergent Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1- b][1,3]thiazines from 2-Mercaptobenzimidazoles and β-CF 3-1,3-Enynes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13262-13271. [PMID: 37619215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
A base-controlled divergent cyclization between 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles and β-CF3-1,3-enynes providing either trifluoromethylated or fluorinated benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazines has been developed. The β-CF3-1,3-enyne, as a three-carbon synthon, underwent a 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU)-catalyzed tandem hydroamination/intramolecular hydrothiolation to give CF3-substituted 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine, whereas reaction with KOH afforded fluorinated 4H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine exclusively. In addition, the synthetic utility of this methodology was showcased through a variety of downstream derivatizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qing He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Shu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Hao Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Ming Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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3
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Stereoselective formation of Z-monofluoroalkenes by nickel-catalyzed defluorinative coupling of gem-difluoroalkenes with lithium organoborates. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Cao CL, Zhang GX, Xue F, Deng HP. Photoinduced C–H monofluoroalkenylation with gem-difluoroalkenes through hydrogen atom transfer under batch and flow conditions. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01689j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A mild and effective protocol for the monofluoroalkenylation of C–H bonds with gem-difluoroalkenes through the synergetic merger of photoredox and bromine-based hydrogen atom transfer catalysis under batch and flow conditions is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Lin Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guang-Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Institute of Material Physics & Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hong-Ping Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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5
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Shah BM, Modi P, Trivedi P. Recent Medicinal Chemistry Approach for the Development of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3595-3621. [PMID: 33045957 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201012153255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes, a metabolic disease, occurs due to a decreased or no effect of insulin on the blood glucose level. The current oral medications stimulate insulin release, increase glucose absorption and its utilization, and decrease hepatic glucose output. Two major incretin hormones like Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagonlike peptide - 1 (GLP-1) stimulate insulin release after a meal, but their action is inhibited by enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase- IV. OBJECTIVE The activity of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP prolongs and extends with DPP IV inhibitors, which are responsible for the stimulation of insulin secretion and regulation of blood glucose level. DPP IV inhibitors have shown effectiveness and endurability with a neutral effect on weight as well as less chances of hypoglycemia in the management of type 2 diabetes. These journeys started from Sitagliptin (marketed in 2006) to Evogliptin (marketed in 2015, Korea). CONCLUSION Treatment of type 2 diabetes includes lifestyle changes, oral medications, and insulin. Newer and superior therapies are needed more than currently prescribed drugs. Various heterocyclic derivatives have been tried, but due to masking of DASH proteins, CYP enzymes, and hERG channel, they showed side effects. Based on these, the study has been focused on the development of safe, influential, selective, and long-lasting inhibitors of DPP IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumi M Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382023, India
| | - Palmi Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institutes of Pharmacy, Sarkhej, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382210, India
| | - Priti Trivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382023, India
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Adam AT, Fronczek FR, Colby DA. Synthesis of β-Fluoro-α,β-Unsaturated Amides from the Fragmentation of Morpholine 3,3,3-Trifluoropropanamide by Grignard Reagents. Org Lett 2020; 22:2630-2633. [PMID: 32181669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroalkenes serve as bioisosteres to peptide bonds and are resistant to hydrolytic enzymes in vivo. Currently, α-fluoro-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds are readily accessible via general synthetic methods; however, β-fluoro-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups are more challenging to construct. To address this need, we have designed a reagent, morpholine 3,3,3-trifluoropropanamide, that creates (E)-β-fluoro-α,β-unsaturated amides upon the addition of many commonly used Grignard reagents. Reactions with this reagent enable a high level of stereocontrol in the fluoroalkene product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna T Adam
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - David A Colby
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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7
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Tiwari V, Bingham JT, Vyas S, Singh A. Intermolecular fluoroamination of allenes towards substituted vinyl fluorides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9044-9049. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01697g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Allene difunctionalization: Selectfluor mediated intermolecular aminofluorination of allenes with triazole and tetrazole nucleophiles towards vinyl fluorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | | | - Shubham Vyas
- Department of Chemistry
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden
- USA
| | - Anand Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
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8
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Sun S, Jia Q, Zhang Z. Applications of amide isosteres in medicinal chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2535-2550. [PMID: 31377035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Isosteric replacement of amide groups is a classic practice in medicinal chemistry. This digest highlights the applications of most commonly employed amide isosteres in drug design aiming at improving potency and selectivity, optimizing physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, eliminating or modifying toxicophores, as well as providing novel intellectual property of lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Sun
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, BC V5G 4W8, Canada.
| | - Qi Jia
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, BC V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Zaihui Zhang
- Signalchem Lifesciences Corp., 110-13210, Vanier Place, Richmond, BC V6V 2J2, Canada
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9
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Synthesis of 2,2-diaryl-1,1-difluoroethenes via Pd-catalyzed dehydrosulfonylative cross-coupling of α-[difluoro(phenylsulfonyl)methyl]benzyl tosylates with arylboronic acids. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Fustero S, Sedgwick DM, Román R, Barrio P. Recent advances in the synthesis of functionalised monofluorinated compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9706-9725. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05181j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, we have tackled the synthesis of interesting monofluorinated organic molecules, such as: dihydronaphthalene derivatives, β-fluoro sulfones and related carbonyl compounds, fluorohydrins and allylic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas
| | - Daniel M. Sedgwick
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas
| | - Raquel Román
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe
- E-46012 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Pablo Barrio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas
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11
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Sommer H, Fürstner A. Stereospecific Synthesis of Fluoroalkenes by Silver-Mediated Fluorination of Functionalized Alkenylstannanes. Chemistry 2016; 23:558-562. [PMID: 27883234 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The known procedures for the conversion of alkenylstannanes into the corresponding fluoroalkenes suffer from largely variable yields and a limited compatibility with functional groups; most notably, protodestannation becomes a serious issue whenever protic sites are present in the substrate. Outlined in this paper is a convenient alternative with a much improved application profile, which is largely unperturbed by free alcohols and amides of all sorts. Key to success is the use of F-TEDA-PF6 in combination with non-hygroscopic and bench-stable silver phosphinate (AgOP(O)Ph2 ) that acts as an essentially neutral, non-nucleophilic promotor and effective tin-scavenger at the same time. This new method opens many opportunities for late-stage fluorination of elaborate compounds far beyond the scope of the literature procedures, as witnessed by the preparation of a fluorinated macrolide antibiotic, a fluorinated prostaglandin derivative, and a set of fluorinated amino acid surrogates and peptide isosteres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Sommer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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12
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Xie J, Yu J, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Monofluoroalkenylation of Dimethylamino Compounds through Radical–Radical Cross‐Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9416-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jintao Yu
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz University (KAU) 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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13
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Xie J, Yu J, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Monofluoralkenylierung von Dimethylaminoverbindungen durch Radikal‐Radikal‐Kreuzkupplung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Jintao Yu
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz University (KAU) 21589 Jeddah Saudi-Arabien
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14
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Lázaro R, Román R, Sedgwick DM, Haufe G, Barrio P, Fustero S. Asymmetric Synthesis of Monofluorinated 1-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene and 1,3-Amino Alcohol Derivatives. Org Lett 2016; 18:948-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Lázaro
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Laboratorio
de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Román
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Daniel M. Sedgwick
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Pablo Barrio
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Santos Fustero
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Laboratorio
de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46012 Valencia, Spain
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15
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16
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Kumar R, Singh G, Todaro LJ, Yang L, Zajc B. E- or Z-Selective synthesis of 4-fluorovinyl-1,2,3-triazoles with fluorinated second-generation Julia-Kocienski reagents. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1536-49. [PMID: 25491086 PMCID: PMC4859785 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02179g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A highly modular approach to N-substituted 4-(1-fluorovinyl)triazoles is described. In situ desilylation and Cu-catalyzed ligation reaction of TMS-protected α-fluoropropargyl benzothiazole sulfone with aryl, alkyl, and metallocenyl azides furnished second-generation Julia-Kocienski reagents in good to excellent yields. Condensation reactions of these reagents with aldehydes can be tuned to yield E or Z-alkenes selectively. Under mild conditions with DBU as the base, reactions of aldehydes furnished E-alkenes as the major isomer. On the other hand, in condensation reactions with LHMDS as the base and in appropriate solvents, both aldehydes and ketones reacted to yield fluoroalkenes with Z-selectivity. Stereochemical assignment of E/Z olefins obtained in the reaction of a ketone with two Julia reagents was performed via X-ray crystallographic analysis and comparisons of NMR data. The method allows efficient and ready diversification of the N1-substituent and substituents at the double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, The City College and The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031
| | - Govindra Singh
- Department of Chemistry, The City College and The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031
| | - Louis J. Todaro
- The CUNY X-Ray Facility, Hunter College and The City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Lijia Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The City College and The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031
| | - Barbara Zajc
- Department of Chemistry, The City College and The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031
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Sano S, Matsumoto T, Nanataki H, Tempaku S, Nakao M. Z-Selective Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction of 2-TOM-cyclopentanone for the synthesis of rac-N-Cbz-Gly-Ψ[(Z)-CF C]-Pro-OH dipeptide isostere. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Sano S, Matsumoto T, Nakao M. E-Selective Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction of 2-OBO-cyclopentanone for the synthesis of rac-N-Cbz-Gly-Ψ[(E)-CFC]-Pro-OH dipeptide isostere. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Fustero S, Simón-Fuentes A, Barrio P, Haufe G. Olefin Metathesis Reactions with Fluorinated Substrates, Catalysts, and Solvents. Chem Rev 2014; 115:871-930. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Santos Fustero
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Laboratorio
de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46012 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Barrio
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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20
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Gao B, Zhao Y, Hu M, Ni C, Hu J. gem
‐Difluoroolefination of Diaryl Ketones and Enolizable Aldehydes with Difluoromethyl 2‐Pyridyl Sulfone: New Insights into the Julia–Kocienski Reaction. Chemistry 2014; 20:7803-10. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling‐Ling Road, Shanghai 200032 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 21‐6416‐6128
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling‐Ling Road, Shanghai 200032 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 21‐6416‐6128
| | - Mingyou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling‐Ling Road, Shanghai 200032 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 21‐6416‐6128
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling‐Ling Road, Shanghai 200032 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 21‐6416‐6128
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling‐Ling Road, Shanghai 200032 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 21‐6416‐6128
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21
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Lemonnier G, Van Hijfte N, Sebban M, Poisson T, Couve-Bonnaire S, Pannecoucke X. Efficient access to fluorinated homoallylic alcohols through an indium promoted fluoroallylation reaction. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Xiong Y, Zhang X, Huang T, Cao S. Synthesis of N-(α-fluorovinyl)azoles by the reaction of difluoroalkenes with azoles. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6395-402. [PMID: 24702255 DOI: 10.1021/jo5005845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mild and versatile method for the construction of C-N bonds by the reaction of (2,2-difluorovinyl)arenes with various N-H-containing heterocycles in the presence of K3PO4 has been developed. The reaction proceeded efficiently at room temperature (25 °C) affording the (E)-N-α-fluorovinyl derivatives of azoles 3 in good to excellent yields with relatively high stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
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Patel BD, Ghate MD. Recent approaches to medicinal chemistry and therapeutic potential of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 74:574-605. [PMID: 24531198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is one of the widely explored novel targets for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) currently. Research has been focused on the strategy to preserve the endogenous glucagon like peptide (GLP)-1 activity by inhibiting the DPP-4 action. The DPP-4 inhibitors are weight neutral, well tolerated and give better glycaemic control over a longer duration of time compared to existing conventional therapies. The journey of DPP-4 inhibitors in the market started from the launch of sitagliptin in 2006 to latest drug teneligliptin in 2012. This review is mainly focusing on the recent medicinal aspects and advancements in the designing of DPP-4 inhibitors with the therapeutic potential of DPP-4 as a target to convey more clarity in the diffused data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika D Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India.
| | - Manjunath D Ghate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
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Juillerat-Jeanneret L. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV and its inhibitors: therapeutics for type 2 diabetes and what else? J Med Chem 2013; 57:2197-212. [PMID: 24099035 DOI: 10.1021/jm400658e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The proline-specific dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP-4, CD26), widely expressed in mammalians, releases X-Pro/Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides. DPP IV is responsible of the degradation of the incretin peptide hormones regulating blood glucose levels. Several families of DPP IV inhibitors have been synthesized and evaluated. Their positive effects on the degradation of the incretins and the control of blood glucose levels have been demonstrated in biological models and in clinical trials. Presently, several DPP IV inhibitors, the "gliptins", are approved for type 2 diabetes or are under clinical evaluation. However, the gliptins may also be of therapeutic interest for other diseases beyond the inhibition of incretin degradation. In this Perspective, the biological functions and potential substrates of DPP IV enzymes are reviewed and the characteristics of the DPP IV inhibitors are discussed in view of type 2 diabetes and further therapeutic interest.
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Prunier A, Calata C, Legros J, Maddaluno J, Pfund E, Lequeux T. Aza-Michael Access to Fluoroalkylidene Analogues of Biomolecules. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8083-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401356j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Prunier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, CNRS UMR 6507 & FR3038, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Charlène Calata
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, CNRS UMR 6507 & FR3038, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Julien Legros
- COBRA UMR 6014 CNRS & FR3038, INSA et Université de Rouen, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- COBRA UMR 6014 CNRS & FR3038, INSA et Université de Rouen, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Emmanuel Pfund
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, CNRS UMR 6507 & FR3038, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Lequeux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, CNRS UMR 6507 & FR3038, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
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Lemonnier G, Poisson T, Couve-Bonnaire S, Pannecoucke X. A practical and straightforward access to fluorinated homoallylic alcohols in aqueous media. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dutheuil G, Pierry C, Villiers E, Couve-Bonnaire S, Pannecoucke X. Straightforward asymmetric synthesis of Ala-Ψ[CFCH]-Pro, a proline-containing pseudodipeptide bearing a fluoroolefin as a peptide bond mimic. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40891k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Chang W, Mosley RT, Bansal S, Keilman M, Lam AM, Furman PA, Otto MJ, Sofia MJ. Inhibition of hepatitis C virus NS5A by fluoro-olefin based γ-turn mimetics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2938-42. [PMID: 22425564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The HCV non-structural protein NS5A has been established as a viable target for the development of direct acting antiviral therapy. From computational modeling studies strong intra-molecular hydrogen bonds were found to be a common structural moiety within known NS5A inhibitors that have low pico-molar replicon potency. Efforts to reproduce these γ-turn-like substructures provided a novel NS5A inhibitor based on a fluoro-olefin isostere. This fluoro-olefin containing inhibitor exhibited picomolar activity (EC(50)=79 pM) against HCV genotype 1b replicon without measurable cytotoxicity. This level of activity is comparable to the natural peptide-based inhibitors currently under clinic evaluation, and demonstrates that a peptidomimetic approach can serve as a useful strategy to produce potent and structurally unique inhibitors of HCV NS5A.
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Watanabe D, Koura M, Saito A, Yanai H, Nakamura Y, Okada M, Sato A, Taguchi T. Copper mediated defluorinative allylic alkylation of difluorohomoallyl alcohol derivatives directed to an efficient synthetic method for (Z)-fluoroalkene dipeptide isosteres. J Fluor Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hsu T, Tsai TY, Tseng YJ, Chiou MC, Lu CT, Chao YS, Jiaang WT. Synthesis of 3,3-Dimethylglutamic Acid Derivatives as DPP-IV Inhibitors and Evaluation of Their Chemical Stability. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201190049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Baraniuk JN, Jamieson MJ. Rhinorrhea, cough and fatigue in patients taking sitagliptin. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2010; 6:8. [PMID: 20462426 PMCID: PMC2877018 DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-6-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP IV, CD26) inhibitor indicated for treatment of Type II diabetes as a second line therapy after metformin. We report fifteen sitagliptin intolerant patients who developed anterior and posterior rhinorrhea, cough, dyspnea, and fatigue. Symptoms typically developed within 1 to 8 weeks of starting, and resolved within 1 week of stopping the drug. Peak expiratory flow rates increased 34% in 8 patients who stopped sitagliptin. Similar changes were found in 4 out of 5 persons who had confirmatory readministration. Chart review identified 17 patients who tolerated sitagliptin and had no symptomatic changes. The sitagliptin intolerant group had higher rates of clinically diagnosed allergic rhinitis (15/15 vs. 6/18; p = 0.00005), Fisher's Exact test) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor - induced cough (6/13 vs. 1/18; p = 0.012). Nasal and inhaled glucocorticoids may control the underlying allergic inflammation and abrogate this new sitagliptin - induced pharmacological syndrome. Potential mucosal and central nervous system mechanisms include disruption of neuropeptides and/or cytokines that rely on DPP IV for activation or inactivation, and T cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Baraniuk
- Department of Family Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN, USA.
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33
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Lo Presti L, Ellern A, Destro R, Lunelli B. Effect of Methoxy Substituents on the Structural and Electronic Properties of Fluorinated Cyclobutenes: A Study of Hexafluorocyclobutene and Its Vinyl Methoxy Derivatives by XRD and Periodic DFT Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3186-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8084809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Elettrochimica, Università di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy, Chemistry Department, Iowa State University, 1711 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, and Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) CNR, Via P.Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Arkady Ellern
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Elettrochimica, Università di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy, Chemistry Department, Iowa State University, 1711 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, and Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) CNR, Via P.Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Destro
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Elettrochimica, Università di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy, Chemistry Department, Iowa State University, 1711 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, and Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) CNR, Via P.Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Bruno Lunelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Elettrochimica, Università di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy, Chemistry Department, Iowa State University, 1711 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, and Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) CNR, Via P.Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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34
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Havale SH, Pal M. Medicinal chemistry approaches to the inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:1783-802. [PMID: 19217790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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35
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Diastereocontrolled addition of organometallic reagents to S-chiral N-(tert-butanesulfinyl)-α-fluoroenimines. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.10.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Michida M, Mukaiyama T. A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of (Z)-α-Fluoroacrylates: Lewis Base-catalyzed Carbonyl Fluoroolefination Using Fluoro(trimethylsilyl)ketene Ethyl Trimethylsilyl Acetal. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Edmondson SD, Wei L, Xu J, Shang J, Xu S, Pang J, Chaudhary A, Dean DC, He H, Leiting B, Lyons KA, Patel RA, Patel SB, Scapin G, Wu JK, Beconi MG, Thornberry NA, Weber AE. Fluoroolefins as amide bond mimics in dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2409-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Fluorine substituents have become a widespread and important drug component, their introduction facilitated by the development of safe and selective fluorinating agents. Organofluorine affects nearly all physical and adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties of a lead compound. Its inductive effects are relatively well understood, enhancing bioavailability, for example, by reducing the basicity of neighboring amines. In contrast, exploration of the specific influence of carbon-fluorine single bonds on docking interactions, whether through direct contact with the protein or through stereoelectronic effects on molecular conformation of the drug, has only recently begun. Here, we review experimental progress in this vein and add complementary analysis based on comprehensive searches in the Cambridge Structural Database and the Protein Data Bank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Müller
- Pharmaceuticals Division, Discovery Chemistry, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
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39
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Urban JJ, Tillman BG, Cronin WA. Fluoroolefins as peptide mimetics: a computational study of structure, charge distribution, hydration, and hydrogen bonding. J Phys Chem A 2007; 110:11120-9. [PMID: 16986846 DOI: 10.1021/jp062881n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The design of peptide mimetic compounds is greatly facilitated by the identification of functionalities that can act as peptide replacements. The fluoroalkene moiety has recently been employed for that purpose. The purpose of this work is to characterize prototypical fluoroalkenes (fluoroethylene and 2-fluoro-2-butene) with respect to key properties of peptides (amides) including structure, charge distribution, hydration, and hydrogen bonding. The results are compared to those obtained for model peptides (formamide, N-methylacetamide). Calculations have been carried out at the MP2 and B3LYP levels of theory with the 6-311++G(2d,p) and 6-311++G(2d,2p) basis sets. The results suggest that the fluoroalkene is similar in steric requirements to a peptide bond but that there is less charge separation. Calculations of the hydration free energies with the PCM bulk continuum solvent model indicate that the fluoroalkene has much smaller hydration free energies than an amide but that the difference in solvation free energy for cis and trans isomers is comparable. In studies of complexes with water molecules, the fluoroalkene is found to engage in interactions that are analogous to backbone hydrogen-bonding interactions that govern many properties of natural peptides and proteins but with smaller interaction energies. In addition, key structural differences are noted when the fluoroalkene is playing the role of hydrogen-bond acceptor which may have implications in binding, aggregation, and conformational preferences in fluoroalkene peptidomimetics. The issue of cooperativity in hydrogen-bonding interactions in complexes with multiple waters has also been investigated. The fluoroalkene is found to exhibit cooperative effects that mirror those of the peptide but are smaller in magnitude. Thus, pairwise addivitity of interactions appears to more adequately describe the fluoroalkenes than the peptides they are intended to mimic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Urban
- Chemistry Department, United States Naval Academy, 572 Holloway Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA.
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Dutheuil G, Couve-Bonnaire S, Pannecoucke X. Diastereomeric fluoroolefins as peptide bond mimics prepared by asymmetric reductive amination of alpha-fluoroenones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:1290-2. [PMID: 17205591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Dutheuil
- ECOFH, IRCOF, UMR CNRS 6014, INSA de Rouen, 1 rue Tesniere, 76131 Mont Saint-Aignan, France
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41
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Dutheuil G, Couve-Bonnaire S, Pannecoucke X. Diastereomeric Fluoroolefins as Peptide Bond Mimics Prepared by Asymmetric Reductive Amination of α-Fluoroenones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Wiedeman PE. DPPIV inhibition: promising therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2007; 45:63-109. [PMID: 17280902 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(06)45502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Wiedeman
- Abbott Laboratories, Department R4CP, Building AP9B, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6113, USA
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Couve-Bonnaire S, Cahard D, Pannecoucke X. Chiral dipeptide mimics possessing a fluoroolefin moiety: a relevant tool for conformational and medicinal studies. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:1151-7. [PMID: 17406709 DOI: 10.1039/b701559c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of the amide bond in a peptide backbone is a promising strategy in peptidomimetic drug research. Over the various amide bond surrogates, the fluoroolefin moiety has been successfully developed as an effective mimic. Today, fluorine-containing compounds account for a large proportion of new active molecules in life sciences. The synthesis of fluoroolefin peptide mimics is not a trivial task and innovative approaches often need to be addressed, in particular for the stereocontrol of the double bond configuration and the chiral centres adjacent to the fluoroalkene. These fluorinated peptidomimetics have been synthesised and evaluated as metabolically stable and/or conformationally constrained analogs of enzyme inhibitors, and as tools for probing the function, structure, and binding process of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Couve-Bonnaire
- UMR CNRS 6014, ECOFH, IRCOF, INSA de Rouen, 1 rue Tesniere, F-76131, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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45
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Sano S, Kuroda Y, Saito K, Ose Y, Nagao Y. Tandem reduction–olefination of triethyl 2-acyl-2-fluoro-2-phosphonoacetates and a synthetic approach to Cbz-Gly-Ψ[(Z)-CFC]-Gly dipeptide isostere. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Application of divergent multi-component reactions in the synthesis of a library of peptidomimetics based on γ-amino-α,β-cyclopropyl acids. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Augustyns K, Van der Veken P, Haemers A. Inhibitors of proline-specific dipeptidyl peptidases: DPP IV inhibitors as a novel approach for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.15.10.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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48
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Berger Y, Chapuis Bernasconi C, Schmitt F, Neier R, Juillerat-Jeanneret L. Determination of Intracellular Prolyl/Glycyl Proteases in Intact Living Human Cells and Protoporphyrin IX Production as a Reporter System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 12:867-72. [PMID: 16125098 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2005.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Revised: 04/22/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The determination of enzyme activity or inhibition in intact living cells is a problem in the development of inhibitors for intracellular proteases. The production of fluorescent protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) from the nonfluorescent (N)-Gly/Pro-5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) substrates was used to evaluate the prolyl/glycyl-specific dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV)-like and prolyloligopeptidase (POP)-like activities of human cells. The results demonstrated that whereas POP-like activity could be attributed to the actual POP, the DPPIV-like activity could be related to actual DPPIV only in one colon cell line. In the other breast and colon cell lines, DPPIV-like activity was intracellular and displayed by other prolyl-specific aminopeptidases. Our experiments also demonstrated the involvement of glycyl-specific proteases in the processing of ALA precursors. These observations have important consequences for the development and evaluation of selective inhibitors for these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Berger
- University Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Bugnon 25, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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49
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Nakamura Y, Okada M, Sato A, Horikawa H, Koura M, Saito A, Taguchi T. Stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-fluoroalkenes directed to peptide isosteres: copper mediated reaction of trialkylaluminum with 4,4-difluoro-5-hydroxyallylic alcohol derivatives. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Augustyns K, Van der Veken P, Senten K, Haemers A. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors as new therapeutic agents for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.13.4.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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