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Yang S, Yuan H, Guo K, Wei Z, Ming M, Yi J, Jiang L, Han Z. Fluorinated chlorin chromophores for red-light-driven CO 2 reduction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5704. [PMID: 38977670 PMCID: PMC11231220 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of low-energy photons in light-driven reactions is an effective strategy for improving the efficiency of solar energy conversion. In nature, photosynthetic organisms use chlorophylls to harvest the red portion of sunlight, which ultimately drives the reduction of CO2. However, a molecular system that mimics such function is extremely rare in non-noble-metal catalysis. Here we report a series of synthetic fluorinated chlorins as biomimetic chromophores for CO2 reduction, which catalytically produces CO under both 630 nm and 730 nm light irradiation, with turnover numbers of 1790 and 510, respectively. Under appropriate conditions, the system lasts over 240 h and stays active under 1% concentration of CO2. Mechanistic studies reveal that chlorin and chlorinphlorin are two key intermediates in red-light-driven CO2 reduction, while corresponding porphyrin and bacteriochlorin are much less active forms of chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuting Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Ming
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinzhi Yi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiji Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Panagiotakis S, Mavroidi B, Athanasopoulos A, Charalambidis G, Coutsolelos AG, Pelecanou M, Yannakopoulou K. Amphiphilic Chlorin-β-cyclodextrin Conjugates in Photo-Triggered Drug Delivery: The Role of Aggregation. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300743. [PMID: 38345604 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Conjugates of chlorins with β-cyclodextrin connected either directly or via a flexible linker were prepared. In aqueous medium these amphiphilic conjugates were photostable, produced singlet oxygen at a rate similar to clinically used temoporfin and formed irregular nanoparticles via aggregation. Successful loading with the chemotherapeutic drug tamoxifen was evidenced in solution by the UV-Vis spectral changes and dynamic light scattering profiles. Incubation of MCF-7 cells with the conjugates revealed intense spotted intracellular fluorescence suggestive of accumulation in endosome/lysosome compartments, and no dark toxicity. Incubation with the tamoxifen-loaded conjugates revealed also practically no dark toxicity. Irradiation of cells incubated with empty conjugates at 640 nm and 4.18 J/cm2 light fluence caused >50 % cell viability reduction. Irradiation following incubation with tamoxifen-loaded conjugates resulted in even higher toxicity (74 %) indicating that the produced reactive oxygen species had triggered tamoxifen release in a photochemical internalization (PCI) mechanism. The chlorin-β-cyclodextrin conjugates displayed less-lasting effects with time, compared to the corresponding porphyrin-β-cyclodextrin conjugates, possibly due to lower tamoxifen loading of their aggregates and/or their less effective lodging in the cell compartments' membranes. The results suggest that further to favorable photophysical properties, other parameters are important for the in vitro effectiveness of the photodynamic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Panagiotakis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patr. Grigoriou E' & 27 Neapoleos str., 15341, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Barbara Mavroidi
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patr. Grigoriou E' & 27 Neapoleos str., 15341, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Athanasopoulos
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patr. Grigoriou E' & 27 Neapoleos str., 15341, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Georgios Charalambidis
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- current address: Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios G Coutsolelos
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Pelecanou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patr. Grigoriou E' & 27 Neapoleos str., 15341, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Konstantina Yannakopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patr. Grigoriou E' & 27 Neapoleos str., 15341, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
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Soy R, Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. The photodynamic activity properties of a series of structurally analogous tetraarylporphyrin, chlorin and N-confused porphyrin dyes and their Sn(IV) complexes. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103815. [PMID: 37777078 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of tetraarylporphyrin, -chlorin and N-confused porphyrin dyes with 4‑methoxy‑meso-aryl rings (1-Por, 1-Chl and 1-NCP) and their Sn(IV) complexes (1-SnPor, 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP) have been synthesized and characterized. The heavy atom effect of the Sn(IV) ion results in relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield values of 0.67, 0.71 and 0.85 for 1-SnPor, 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP, respectively. The photodynamic activities of 1-Por, 1-Chl, 1-NCP, 1-SnPor, 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP were determined against MCF-7 breast cancer cells through illumination with Thorlabs 625 or 660 nm (240 or 280 mW.cm-2) light emitting diodes (LEDs) for 20 min. The IC50 values for 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP lie between 1.4 - 6.1 and 1.6 - 4.8 µM upon photoirradiation with the 660 and 625 nm LEDs, respectively, while higher values of >10 µM were obtained for 1-SnPor and the free base dyes. In a similar manner, 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP were found to also have significantly higher photodynamic antimicrobial activity against planktonic Gram-(+) Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-(-) Escherichia coli bacteria than the other dyes studied. Upon illumination with Thorlabs 625 and 660 nm LEDs for 75 min, Log10 reduction values of 7.62 and > 2.40-3.69 were obtained with 1 and 5 µM solutions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodah Soy
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, SRM University - AP, Amaravati 522502, India
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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Wahnou H, Youlyouz-Marfak I, Liagre B, Sol V, Oudghiri M, Duval RE, Limami Y. Shining a Light on Prostate Cancer: Photodynamic Therapy and Combination Approaches. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1767. [PMID: 37376215 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major health concern worldwide, and current treatments, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, are associated with significant side effects and limitations. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative that has the potential to provide a minimally invasive and highly targeted approach to treating prostate cancer. PDT involves the use of photosensitizers (PSs) that are activated by light to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can induce tumor cell death. There are two main types of PSs: synthetic and natural. Synthetic PSs are classified into four generations based on their structural and photophysical properties, while natural PSs are derived from plant and bacterial sources. Combining PDT with other therapies, such as photothermal therapy (PTT), photoimmunotherapy (PIT), and chemotherapy (CT), is also being explored as a way to improve its efficacy. This review provides an overview of conventional treatments for prostate cancer, the underlying principles of PDT, and the different types of PSs used in PDT as well as ongoing clinical studies. It also discusses the various forms of combination therapy being explored in the context of PDT for prostate cancer, as well as the challenges and opportunities associated with this approach. Overall, PDT has the potential to provide a more effective and less invasive treatment option for prostate cancer, and ongoing research is aimed at improving its selectivity and efficacy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Wahnou
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, B.P. 2693, Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco
| | - Ibtissam Youlyouz-Marfak
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat 26000, Morocco
| | | | - Vincent Sol
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Mounia Oudghiri
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, B.P. 2693, Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco
| | | | - Youness Limami
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, B.P. 2693, Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat 26000, Morocco
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Soy R, Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. The Photodynamic Anticancer and Antibacterial Activity Properties of a Series of meso-Tetraarylchlorin Dyes and Their Sn(IV) Complexes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104030. [PMID: 37241769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of tetraarylchlorins with 3-methoxy-, 4-hydroxy- and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl meso-aryl rings (1-3-Chl) and their Sn(IV) complexes (1-3-SnChl) were synthesized and characterized so that their potential utility as photosensitizer dyes for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) can be assessed. The photophysicochemical properties of the dyes were assessed prior to in vitro PDT activity studies against MCF-7 breast cancer cells through irradiation with Thorlabs 625 or 660 nm LED for 20 min (240 or 280 mW·cm-2). PACT activity studies were performed against both planktonic bacteria and biofilms of Gram-(+) S. aureus and Gram-(-) E. coli upon irradiation with Thorlabs 625 and 660 nm LEDs for 75 min. The heavy atom effect of the Sn(IV) ion results in relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield values of 0.69-0.71 for 1-3-SnChl. Relatively low IC50 values between 1.1-4.1 and 3.8-9.4 µM were obtained for the 1-3-SnChl series with the Thorlabs 660 and 625 nm LEDs, respectively, during the PDT activity studies. 1-3-SnChl were also found to exhibit significant PACT activity against planktonic S. aureus and E. coli with Log10 reduction values of 7.65 and >3.0, respectively. The results demonstrate that the Sn(IV) complexes of tetraarylchlorins merit further in depth study as photosensitizers in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodah Soy
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University-AP, Amaravati 522502, India
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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Souce M, Tfayli A, Rosilio V, Nicolis I, Kasselouri A. Photosensitizers incorporation in SOPC films at different hydration levels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184077. [PMID: 36302493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, two photosensitizing drugs, Temoporfin and Verteporfin have been studied. Both have regular approval in Europe, Temoporfin for the treatment of head and neck cancers and Verteporfin for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The treatment modality, known as "Photodynamic Therapy" (PDT), involves drug activation with visible light in the presence of oxygen and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to destroy the pathological tissues. Both drugs are inactive in the absence of light, presenting only few side effects. The incorporation of the two drugs into a SOPC bilayer -used as a model membrane- was studied by ATR-FTIR. An original approach was applied, involving lyotropic transitions and a very slow dehydration rate of the sample. In low water content and dry film, Temoporfin highly affects stretching vibrations of SOPC chains and polar groups, showing that Temoporfin is inserted into the bilayer in both apolar and polar regions. In fully hydrated layers, Temoporfin - SOPC interactions still take place but only impact Temoporfin vibration bands. Verteporfin shows smaller effect on both chain and polar groups' vibrations of SOPC, with the exception of choline group, suggesting that Verteporfin is inserted into the bilayer to a lesser extent and remains at the bilayer polar interface. These results can be used to better understand drugs behavior in biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Souce
- Lip(Sys)(2), Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Ali Tfayli
- Lip(Sys)(2), Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Véronique Rosilio
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Ioannis Nicolis
- UR 7537 - BioSTM « Biostatistique, Traitement et Modélisation des données biologiques » Université Paris Cité, F-75270 Paris cedex 06, France
| | - Athena Kasselouri
- Lip(Sys)(2), Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France.
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7
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Dingiswayo S, Burgess K, Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. Photodynamic Antitumor and Antimicrobial Activities of Free-Base Tetra(4-methylthiolphenyl)chlorin and Its Tin(IV) Complex. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200115. [PMID: 35604018 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Meso-tetra(4-methylthiolphenyl)chlorin (3) and its Sn(IV) complex (3-Sn) have been synthesized and characterized. The heavy atom effects of the Sn(IV) ion and sulfur atoms result in relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield values of 0.40 and 0.48. The photodynamic activities against MCF-7 breast cancer cells were determined through irradiation with a Thorlabs 660 nm LED for 30 min (280 mW.cm-2). IC50 values of 7.8 and 3.9 μM were obtained, respectively. 3-Sn was found to have significant photodynamic antimicrobial activity against both gram-(+) S. aureus and gram-(-) E. coli bacteria upon irradiation with a Thorlabs 660 nm LED for 75 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somila Dingiswayo
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Kristen Burgess
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
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8
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Aroso RT, Schaberle FA, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM. Photodynamic disinfection and its role in controlling infectious diseases. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1497-1545. [PMID: 34705261 PMCID: PMC8548867 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is witnessing a revival of its origins as a response to the rise of multi-drug resistant infections and the shortage of new classes of antibiotics. Photodynamic disinfection (PDDI) of microorganisms is making progresses in preclinical models and in clinical cases, and the perception of its role in the clinical armamentarium for the management of infectious diseases is changing. We review the positioning of PDDI from the perspective of its ability to respond to clinical needs. Emphasis is placed on the pipeline of photosensitizers that proved effective to inactivate biofilms, showed efficacy in animal models of infectious diseases or reached clinical trials. Novel opportunities resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic are briefly discussed. The molecular features of promising photosensitizers are emphasized and contrasted with those of photosensitizers used in the treatment of solid tumors. The development of photosensitizers has been accompanied by the fabrication of a variety of affordable and customizable light sources. We critically discuss the combination between photosensitizer and light source properties that may leverage PDDI and expand its applications to wider markets. The success of PDDI in the management of infectious diseases will ultimately depend on the efficacy of photosensitizers, affordability of the light sources, simplicity of the procedures, and availability of fast and efficient treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael T Aroso
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fábio A Schaberle
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís G Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mariette M Pereira
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Lin Y, Zhou T, Bai R, Xie Y. Chemical approaches for the enhancement of porphyrin skeleton-based photodynamic therapy. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1080-1099. [PMID: 32329382 PMCID: PMC7241559 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1755669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of photodynamic therapy (PDT), remarkable studies have been conducted to generate photosensitisers (PSs), especially porphyrin PSs. A variety of chemical modifications of the porphyrin skeleton have been introduced to improve cellular delivery, stability, and selectivity for cancerous tissues. This review aims to highlight the developments in porphyrin-based structural modifications, with a specific emphasis on the role of PDT in anticancer treatment and the design of PSs to achieve a synergistic effect on multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renren Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Volov AN, Burtsev ID. New glycosylated platinum(II) phthalocyanine containing ribose moiety – synthesis and photophysical properties. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Photodynamic performance of amphiphilic chlorin e6 derivatives with appropriate properties: A comparison between different-type liposomes as delivery systems. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101799. [PMID: 32380255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many aspects are currently being investigated, with the aim of improving the application of PDT in the clinic by rendering it more effective. One of the current trends focuses on the use of nanocarriers. The aim of this study is to describe novel photosensitizers among polyol amide chlorin e6 derivatives for photodynamic therapy (PDT) using liposomes. METHODS In addition to their intracellular localization and antiproliferative activity against HCT116 cells, appropriate photophysical features have been determined (especially high 1O2 quantum yield production). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Fluorescent microscopy demonstrated that the compounds entered the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, mitochondria and partially the cytoplasm. All of the chlorins showed no dark cytotoxicity; however, high phototoxicity was observed. Using optical and electron microscopy, we investigated the impact of chlorin-based PDT upon cell damage leading to cell death. Chl ara 3 was identified as the most promising compound among polyol amide chlorin e6 derivatives and improved phototoxicity was observed as compared with a clinically approved temoporfin. Our results indicate that newly-synthesized chlorins seem to be promising candidates for PDT application, and two of them (chl ara 3 and chl mme 2) may create promising new drugs, both in the form of a free compound and as a liposomal formulation.
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12
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Pandey V, Raza MK, Joshi P, Gupta I. Synthesis of Water-Soluble Thioglycosylated trans-A 2B 2 Type Porphyrins: Cellular Uptake Studies and Photodynamic Efficiency. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6309-6322. [PMID: 32320242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of water-soluble thioglycosylated A2B2 type porphyrins and their zinc(II) complexes is reported. The water-soluble trans-A2B2 porphyrins were synthesized in two steps, via [2+2] condensation between thioglycosylated dipyrromethanes and aromatic aldehydes in 15-21% yields. The thioglycosylated trans-A2B2 porphyrins showed decent in vitro singlet oxygen generation, which was supported by the intracellular DCFDA study. The in vitro cellular investigations of thioglycosylated A2B2 porphyrins were carried out in lung cancer cells (A549) to test their photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) activity. The PDT study revealed significant cytotoxicities of porphyrins with IC50 values between 23.3 and 44.2 μM in the dark, whereas, after visible light exposure, the photosensitizers exhibited IC50 values around 11.1-23.8 μM. The water-soluble thioglycosylated zinc(II) porphyrins having two meso-N-butylcarbazole groups exhibited an excellent degree of photocytotoxicity (IC50 = 4.6-8.8 μM). The flow cytometry analysis revealed that cellular uptake and ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation efficiency of water-soluble thioglycosylated zinc(II) porphyrins were considerably higher than nonmetalated porphyrins. Confocal microscopy images displayed substantial distribution in the endoplasmic reticulum with partial colocalization in mitochondria and lysosomes of water-soluble thioglycosylated zinc(II) porphyrins in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Pandey
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj Campus, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Md Kausar Raza
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Pooja Joshi
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj Campus, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Iti Gupta
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj Campus, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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13
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Wiehe A, O'Brien JM, Senge MO. Trends and targets in antiviral phototherapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2565-2612. [PMID: 31397467 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-established treatment option in the treatment of certain cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions. Though best-known for its application in tumor therapy, historically the photodynamic effect was first demonstrated against bacteria at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, in light of spreading antibiotic resistance and the rise of new infections, this photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, is gaining considerable attention. This review focuses on the PDI of viruses as an alternative treatment in antiviral therapy, but also as a means of viral decontamination, covering mainly the literature of the last decade. The PDI of viruses shares the general action mechanism of photodynamic applications: the irradiation of a dye with light and the subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are the effective phototoxic agents damaging virus targets by reacting with viral nucleic acids, lipids and proteins. Interestingly, a light-independent antiviral activity has also been found for some of these dyes. This review covers the compound classes employed in the PDI of viruses and their various areas of use. In the medical area, currently two fields stand out in which the PDI of viruses has found broader application: the purification of blood products and the treatment of human papilloma virus manifestations. However, the PDI of viruses has also found interest in such diverse areas as water and surface decontamination, and biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Wiehe
- biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany. and Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica M O'Brien
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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14
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Klingenburg R, Stark CBW, Wiehe A. Nucleophilic Thioglycosylation of Pentafluorophenyl-Substituted Porphyrinoids: Synthesis of Glycosylated Calix[ n]phyrin and [28]Hexaphyrin Systems. Org Lett 2019; 21:5417-5420. [PMID: 31268337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of carbohydrate thiolates for facile, high-yielding, regio- and stereoselective nucleophilic substitution reactions of complex pentafluorophenyl-substituted porphyrinoids is reported. The title reaction has successfully been applied to calix[4]phyrin, calix[6]phyrin, and [28]hexaphyrin substrates. The novel glycoporphyrinoid products with their extraordinary structures and unique photophysical properties are soluble in aqueous solutions and can serve as platforms for applications in biomedicine, catalysis, coordination, or redox chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Klingenburg
- Fachbereich Chemie, Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Hamburg , Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany.,biolitec Research GmbH , Otto-Schott-Strasse 15 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Christian B W Stark
- Fachbereich Chemie, Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Hamburg , Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany.,biolitec Research GmbH , Otto-Schott-Strasse 15 , 07745 Jena , Germany
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15
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Yakavets I, Millard M, Zorin V, Lassalle HP, Bezdetnaya L. Current state of the nanoscale delivery systems for temoporfin-based photodynamic therapy: Advanced delivery strategies. J Control Release 2019; 304:268-287. [PMID: 31136810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enthusiasm for photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a promising technique to eradicate various cancers has increased exponentially in recent decades. The majority of clinically approved photosensitizers are hydrophobic in nature, thus, the effective delivery of photosensitizers at the targeted site is the main hurdle associated with PDT. Temoporfin (mTHPC, medicinal product name: Foscan®), is one of the most potent clinically approved photosensitizers, is not an exception. Successful temoporfin-PDT requires nanoscale delivery systems for selective delivery of photosensitizer. Over the last 25 years, the number of papers on nanoplatforms developed for mTHPC delivery such as conjugates, host-guest inclusion complexes, lipid-and polymer-based nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes is burgeoning. However, none of them appeared to be "ultimate". The present review offers the description of different challenges and achievements in nanoparticle-based mTHPC delivery focusing on the synergetic combination of various nano-platforms to improve temoporfin delivery at all stages of biodistribution. Furthermore, the association of different nanoparticles in one nanoplatform might be considered as an advanced strategy allowing the combination of several treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Yakavets
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Laboratory of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimosti Avenue, 220030 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Marie Millard
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Vladimir Zorin
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimosti Avenue, 220030 Minsk, Belarus; International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University, Dauhabrodskaja 23, 220030 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Henri-Pierre Lassalle
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Lina Bezdetnaya
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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16
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Daghildjian K, Kasselouri A, N’Diaye M, Michel JP, Vergnaud J, Poyer F, Maillard P, Rosilio V. Mannose distribution in glycoconjugated tetraphenylporphyrins governs their uptake mechanism and phototoxicity. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tetraphenylporphyrins (TPPs) have been proposed for the treatment of retinoblastoma by photodynamic therapy. Glycoconjugated compounds were synthesized for improving TPP solubility and amphipathy, and to specifically target mannose receptors overexpressed at the surface of cells. The efficiency of four TPP derivatives with different chemical structures was compared by phototoxicity tests and flow cytometry experiments. Interestingly, the absence/presence and distribution of saccharide moieties in the various compounds affected differently their mechanism of interaction with cancer cells and their phototoxic efficiency. For glycodendrimeric TPP-1 and TPP-2 incubated with retinoblastoma cells, a fast two-step uptake-equilibrium process was observed, whereas for a dendrimeric TPP without saccharide moieties (TPP-1c) and a glycoconjugated compound with no dendrimeric structure (TPP(DegMan)[Formula: see text] uptake was very slow. The difference in uptake profiles and kinetics between TPP-1c on the one hand and TPP-1 and TPP-2 on the other hand would account for the interaction of the two glycodendrimeric compounds with a mannose receptor. These TPPs encapsulated in endosomes would induce less damage to cells upon illumination. TPP(DegMan)[Formula: see text] showed the highest phototoxicity, but its efficiency was unaffected by pretreatment of cells by mannan. The penetration of this glycoconjugated compound in cells and its phototoxic effect appeared independent of its interaction with a mannose receptor. Thus, if glycoconjugation influenced TPPs behavior in solution and interaction with serum proteins, phototoxicity was not necessarily related to upfront molecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Daghildjian
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J.B. Clément, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Athena Kasselouri
- Lip(Sys)2, Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Marline N’Diaye
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J.B. Clément, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Michel
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J.B. Clément, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Juliette Vergnaud
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J.B. Clément, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Florent Poyer
- Institut Curie, Research Center, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, UMR 9187, U 1196, Chemistry, Modelling and Imaging for Biology (CMIB), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 110-112, Centre Universitaire, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Maillard
- Institut Curie, Research Center, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, UMR 9187, U 1196, Chemistry, Modelling and Imaging for Biology (CMIB), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 110-112, Centre Universitaire, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Rosilio
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J.B. Clément, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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17
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Tracy EC, Bowman MJ, Pandey RK, Baumann H. Cell-specific Retention and Action of Pheophorbide-based Photosensitizers in Human Lung Cancer Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:846-859. [PMID: 30378688 DOI: 10.1111/php.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study determined in primary cultures of human lung cancer cells the cell specificity of chlorin-based photosensitizers. Epithelial cells (ECs) preferentially retained 3-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinylpyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) and related structural variants. Tumor-associated fibroblasts (Fb) differ from EC by a higher efflux rate of HPPH. Immunoblot analyses indicated dimerization of STAT3 as a reliable biomarker of the photoreaction. Compared to mitochondria/ER-localized photoreaction by HPPH, the photoreaction by lysosomally targeted HPPH-lactose showed a trend toward lower STAT3 cross-linking. Lethal consequence of the photoreaction differed between EC and Fb with the latter cells being more resistant. A survey of lung tumor cases indicated a large quantitative range by which EC retains HPPH. The specificity of HPPH retention defined in vitro could be confirmed in vivo in selected cases grown as xenografts. HPPH retention as a function of the tetrapyrrole structure was evaluated by altering side groups on the porphyrin macrocycle. The presence or absence of a carboxylic acid at position 172 proved to be critical. A benzyl group at position 20 enhanced retention in a subset of cancer cells with low HPPH binding. This study indicated experimental tools that are potentially effective in defining the photosensitizer preference and application for individual patient's cancer lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Tracy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (RPCCC), Buffalo, NY
| | - Mary-Jo Bowman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (RPCCC), Buffalo, NY
| | - Ravendra K Pandey
- Department of Cell Stress Biology/PDT Center, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (RPCCC), Buffalo, NY
| | - Heinz Baumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (RPCCC), Buffalo, NY
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18
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Thompson SA, Aggarwal A, Singh S, Adam AP, Tome JP, Drain CM. Compromising the plasma membrane as a secondary target in photodynamic therapy-induced necrosis. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5224-5228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Chen S, Poyer F, Garcia G, Fiorini-Debuisschert C, Rosilio V, Maillard P. Amphiphilic Glycoconjugated Porphyrin Heterodimers as Two-Photon Excitable Photosensitizers: Design, Synthesis, Photophysical and Photobiological Studies. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201703013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Chen
- Department Chemistry and Modelisation and Imaging for Biology (CMIB); Institut Curie, Research Center; PSL Research University, Bât 110-112, Centre Universitaire; Rue Henri Becquerel F-91405 Orsay Cedex France
- CNRS UMR 9187 - INSERM U 1196; Université Paris-Saclay; Université Paris Sud 11, Bât 110-112, Centre Universitaire; Rue Henri Becquerel F-91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Florent Poyer
- Department Chemistry and Modelisation and Imaging for Biology (CMIB); Institut Curie, Research Center; PSL Research University, Bât 110-112, Centre Universitaire; Rue Henri Becquerel F-91405 Orsay Cedex France
- CNRS UMR 9187 - INSERM U 1196; Université Paris-Saclay; Université Paris Sud 11, Bât 110-112, Centre Universitaire; Rue Henri Becquerel F-91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Guillaume Garcia
- Department Chemistry and Modelisation and Imaging for Biology (CMIB); Institut Curie, Research Center; PSL Research University, Bât 110-112, Centre Universitaire; Rue Henri Becquerel F-91405 Orsay Cedex France
- CNRS UMR 9187 - INSERM U 1196; Université Paris-Saclay; Université Paris Sud 11, Bât 110-112, Centre Universitaire; Rue Henri Becquerel F-91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | | | - Véronique Rosilio
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, CNRS UMR 8612; Université Paris Sud 11; Université Paris-Saclay; 5 rue J.-B. Clément F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Philippe Maillard
- Department Chemistry and Modelisation and Imaging for Biology (CMIB); Institut Curie, Research Center; PSL Research University, Bât 110-112, Centre Universitaire; Rue Henri Becquerel F-91405 Orsay Cedex France
- CNRS UMR 9187 - INSERM U 1196; Université Paris-Saclay; Université Paris Sud 11, Bât 110-112, Centre Universitaire; Rue Henri Becquerel F-91405 Orsay Cedex France
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20
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Di Bari I, Granata G, Consoli GML, Sortino S. Simultaneous supramolecular activation of NO photodonor/photosensitizer ensembles by a calix[4]arene nanoreactor. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03704c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A calix[4]arene-based micellar nanoscaffold allows the co-encapsulation of photosensitizers with a NO photodonor, activating their response to light, otherwise precluded/limited in water medium, resulting in the simultaneous photogeneration of cytotoxic 1O2 and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Di Bari
- Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Department of Drug Science
- Catania
- Italy
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21
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Gaware VS, Håkerud M, Juzeniene A, Høgset A, Berg K, Másson M. Endosome Targeting meso-Tetraphenylchlorin-Chitosan Nanoconjugates for Photochemical Internalization. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1108-1126. [PMID: 28245649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four amphiphilic covalently linked meso-tetraphenylchlorin-chitosan nanoconjugates were synthesized and evaluated for use in photochemical internalization (PCI) in vitro and in vivo. The synthetic protocol for the preparation of two different hydrophobic chlorin photosensitizers, 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylchlorin and 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylchlorin, was optimized. These monofunctional photosensitizers were covalently attached to carrier chitosan via silyl-protected 3,6-di-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-chitosan (Di-TBDMS-chitosan) with 0.10 degree of substitution per glucosamine (DS). Hydrophilic moieties such as trimethylamine and/or 1-methylpiperazine were incorporated with 0.9 DS to give fully water-soluble conjugates after removal of the TBDMS groups. A dynamic light scattering (DLS) study confirmed the formation of nanoparticles with a 140-200 nm diameter. These nanoconjugates could be activated at 650 nm (red region) light, with a fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) of 0.43-0.45, and are thus suitable candidates for use in PCI. These nanoconjugates were taken up and localized in the endocytic vesicles of HCT116/LUC human colon carcinoma cells, and upon illumination they substantially enhanced plasmid DNA transfection. The nanoconjugates were also evaluated in preliminary in vivo experiments in tumor-bearing mice, showing that the nanoconjugates could induce a strong photodynamic therapy (PDT) and also PCI effects in treatment with bleomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek S Gaware
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland , Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.,PCI Biotech AS , Ullernchauséen 64, N0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Monika Håkerud
- PCI Biotech AS , Ullernchauséen 64, N0379 Oslo, Norway.,Oslo University Hospital , The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Biology, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Asta Juzeniene
- Oslo University Hospital , The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Biology, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Høgset
- PCI Biotech AS , Ullernchauséen 64, N0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Berg
- Oslo University Hospital , The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Biology, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Már Másson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland , Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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22
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Horne TK, Cronjé MJ. Mechanistics and photo-energetics of macrocycles and photodynamic therapy: An overview of aspects to consider for research. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 89:221-242. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamarisk K. Horne
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Johannesburg; Auckland Park South Africa
| | - Marianne J. Cronjé
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Johannesburg; Auckland Park South Africa
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23
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Folic acid conjugates with photosensitizers for cancer targeting in photodynamic therapy: Synthesis and photophysical properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Malachowska M, Sperduto C, Darmostuk M, Monti D, Venanzi M, Mancini G, D'Acunto CW, Králová J, Ruml T, Wimmer Z, Drašar PB. Porphyrins with directly meso-attached disaccharide moieties: Synthesis, self-assembly and cellular study. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616500875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of porphyrins with directly meso-attached “sucrose” moiety by the carbon C-6′ of its “fructose” end was synthesized, and their physico-chemical and aggregation properties studied by spectroscopic (fluorescence, circular dichroism, resonance light scattering) techniques. The effect of selected porphyrins on tumor cells was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Malachowska
- Dept Nat. Compds Chem., University of Chemical Technology, Prague, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Claudio Sperduto
- Dept Nat. Compds Chem., University of Chemical Technology, Prague, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Mariia Darmostuk
- Dept Biochem. Microbiol., University of Chemical Technology, Prague, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Donato Monti
- Dept Chem. Sci. Technol., University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Dept Chem. Sci. Technol., University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovana Mancini
- IMR-CNR, c/o Dept Chem., University of Rome, La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Walter D'Acunto
- Dept Biochem. Microbiol., University of Chemical Technology, Prague, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Králová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, v.v.i., 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Dept Biochem. Microbiol., University of Chemical Technology, Prague, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenĕk Wimmer
- Dept Nat. Compds Chem., University of Chemical Technology, Prague, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel B. Drašar
- Dept Nat. Compds Chem., University of Chemical Technology, Prague, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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25
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Gutsche CS, Ortwerth M, Gräfe S, Flanagan KJ, Senge MO, Reissig HU, Kulak N, Wiehe A. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution on Pentafluorophenyl-Substituted Dipyrranes and Tetrapyrroles as a Route to Multifunctionalized Chromophores for Potential Application in Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2016; 22:13953-13964. [PMID: 27549436 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The application of porphyrinoids in biomedical fields, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), requires the introduction of functional groups to tune their solubility for the biological environment and to allow a coupling to other active moieties or carrier systems. A valuable motif in this regard is the pentafluorophenyl (PFP) substituent, which can easily undergo a regiospecific nucleophilic replacement (SN Ar) of its para-fluorine atom by a number of nucleophiles. Here, it is shown that, instead of amino-substitution on the final porphyrinoid or BODIPY (boron dipyrromethene), the precursor 5-(PFP)-dipyrrane can be modified with amines (or alcohols). These dipyrranes were transformed into amino-substituted BODIPYs. Condensation of these dipyrranes with aldehydes gave access to trans-A2 B2 -porphyrins and trans-A2 B-corroles. By using pentafluorobenzaldehyde, it was possible to introduce another para-fluorine atom, which enabled the synthesis of multifunctionalized tetrapyrroles. Furthermore, alkoxy- and amino-substituted dipyrranes were applied to the synthesis of A3 B3 -hexaphyrins. The polar porphyrins that were prepared by using this method exhibited in vitro PDT activity against several tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Gutsche
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Marlene Ortwerth
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Susanna Gräfe
- biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Keith J Flanagan
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nora Kulak
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany. .,biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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26
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Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS. Synthetic Chlorins, Possible Surrogates for Chlorophylls, Prepared by Derivatization of Porphyrins. Chem Rev 2016; 117:344-535. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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27
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Photophysical Characterization and in Vitro Phototoxicity Evaluation of 5,10,15,20-Tetra(quinolin-2-yl)porphyrin as a Potential Sensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2016; 21:439. [PMID: 27043519 PMCID: PMC6273532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a selective and minimally invasive therapeutic approach, involving the combination of a light-sensitive compound, called a photosensitizer (PS), visible light and molecular oxygen. The interaction of these per se harmless agents results in the production of reactive species. This triggers a series of cellular events that culminate in the selective destruction of cancer cells, inside which the photosensitizer preferentially accumulates. The search for ideal PDT photosensitizers has been a very active field of research, with a special focus on porphyrins and porphyrin-related macrocycle molecules. The present study describes the photophysical characterization and in vitro phototoxicity evaluation of 5,10,15,20-tetra(quinolin-2-yl)porphyrin (2-TQP) as a potential PDT photosensitizer. Molar absorption coefficients were determined from the corresponding absorption spectrum, the fluorescence quantum yield was calculated using 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) as a standard and the quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation was determined by direct phosphorescence measurements. Toxicity evaluations (in the presence and absence of irradiation) were performed against HT29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cancer cells. The results from this preliminary study show that the hydrophobic 2-TQP fulfills several critical requirements for a good PDT photosensitizer, namely a high quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation (Φ∆ 0.62), absence of dark toxicity and significant in vitro phototoxicity for concentrations in the micromolar range.
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Singh S, Aggarwal A, Bhupathiraju NVSDK, Arianna G, Tiwari K, Drain CM. Glycosylated Porphyrins, Phthalocyanines, and Other Porphyrinoids for Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2015; 115:10261-306. [PMID: 26317756 PMCID: PMC6011754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunaina Singh
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College of the City University of New York, Long Island City, New York 11101, United States
| | - Amit Aggarwal
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College of the City University of New York, Long Island City, New York 11101, United States
| | - N. V. S. Dinesh K. Bhupathiraju
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Gianluca Arianna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Kirran Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Charles Michael Drain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
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29
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Rogers L, Sergeeva NN, Paszko E, Vaz GMF, Senge MO. Lead Structures for Applications in Photodynamic Therapy. 6. Temoporfin Anti-Inflammatory Conjugates to Target the Tumor Microenvironment for In Vitro PDT. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125372. [PMID: 25992651 PMCID: PMC4437655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the ongoing development of clinical photodynamic therapy (PDT), the search continues for optimized photosensitizers that can overcome some of the side effects associated with this type of treatment modality. The main protagonists being: post-treatment photosensitivity, due to only limited cellular selectivity and post-treatment tumor regrowth, due to the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory agents within the tumor microenvironment. A photosensitizer that could overcome one or both of these drawbacks would be highly attractive to those engaged in clinical PDT. Certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) when used in combination with PDT have shown to increase the cytotoxicity of the treatment modality by targeting the tumor microenvironment. Temoporfin (m-THPC), the gold standard chlorin-based photosensitizer (PS) since its discovery in the 1980's, has successfully been conjugated to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds, in an attempt to address the issue of post-treatment tumor regrowth. Using a modified Steglich esterification reaction, a library of "iPorphyrins" was successfully synthesized and evaluated for their PDT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Rogers
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152–160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Natalia N. Sergeeva
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, 8, Ireland
| | - Edyta Paszko
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, 8, Ireland
| | - Gisela M. F. Vaz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, 8, Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152–160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, 8, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Wang LX, Li JW, Huang JY, Li JH, Zhang LJ, O'Shea D, Chen ZL. Antitumor activity of photodynamic therapy with a chlorin derivative in vitro and in vivo. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6839-47. [PMID: 25846737 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorin derivatives are promising photosensitive agents for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors. The aim of the current study is to investigate the PDT therapeutic effects of a novel chlorin-based photosensitizer, meso-tetra[3-(N,N-diethyl)aminomethyl-4-methoxy]phenyl chlorin (TMPC) for gliomas in vitro and in vivo. Physicochemical characteristics of TMPC were recorded by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectrometer. The rate of singlet oxygen generation of TMPC upon photo-excitation was detected by using 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF). The accumulation of TMPC in gliomas U87 MG cells was measured by fluorescence spectrometer. The efficiency of TMPC-PDT in vitro was analyzed by MTT assay and clonogenic assay. The biodistribution and clearance of TMPC were determined by fluorescence measuring. Human gliomas U87 MG tumor-bearing mice model was used to evaluate the antitumor effects of TMPC-PDT. TMPC shows a singlet oxygen generation rate of 0.05 and displays a characteristic long wavelength absorption peak at 653 nm (ε = 15,400). The accumulation of TMPC increased with the increase of incubation time. In vitro, PDT using TMPC and laser showed laser dose- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity to U87 MG cells. In U87 MG tumor-bearing mice, TMPC-PDT significantly reduced the growth of the tumors. Both in vitro and in vivo, TMPC showed little dark toxicity. In vitro and in vivo studies, it found that TMPC has excellent antitumor activities. It suggests that TMPC is a potential photosensitizer of photodynamic therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Xing Wang
- Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wei Li
- Yiwu City Central Hospital, Zhejiang, 322000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yue Huang
- Yiwu City Central Hospital, Zhejiang, 322000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hong Li
- Yiwu City Central Hospital, Zhejiang, 322000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Donal O'Shea
- Center for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Ryan AA, Ebrahim MM, Petitdemange R, Vaz GM, Paszko E, Sergeeva NN, Senge MO. Lead structures for applications in photodynamic therapy. 5. Synthesis and biological evaluation of water soluble phosphorus(V) 5,10,15,20-tetraalkylporphyrins for PDT. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:510-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yu Z, Pancholi C, Bhagavathy GV, Kang HS, Nguyen JK, Ptaszek M. Strongly conjugated hydroporphyrin dyads: extensive modification of hydroporphyrins' properties by expanding the conjugated system. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7910-25. [PMID: 25061710 DOI: 10.1021/jo501041b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and basic photophysical characterization of strongly conjugated hydroporphyrin (chlorin and bacteriochlorin) dyads. Hydroporphyrins are connected at their respective 13 (β) or 15 (meso) positions by ethynyl or butadiynyl linkers. Synthesis entails a series of palladium-catalyzed reactions, starting from appropriate bromobacteriochlorin or bromochlorin. Strong conjugation in the dyads results in a significant bathochromic shift of longest-wavelength (Qy-like) band, which in case of the 13-13' ethynyl-linked bacteriochlorin dyad is positioned past 800 nm. The Qy-like band is broad and split for the 13-13' linked chlorin and bacteriochlorin dyads. All dyads exhibit an intense, relatively narrow fluorescence emission band in nonpolar solvents. Bacteriochlorin dyads exhibit a strong dependence of fluorescence intensity on the solvent polarity, which results in more than 10-fold quenching of fluorescence in dimethylformamide. The assembling of hydroporphyrins into strongly conjugated arrays represents an efficient means to tune and expand their optical and photochemical properties, which should greatly broaden the properties attainable for these chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqian Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County , Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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33
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Titov DV, Gening ML, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE. Glycoconjugates of porphyrins with carbohydrates: methods of synthesis and biological activity. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2014v083n06abeh004426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Aggarwal A, Thompson S, Singh S, Newton B, Moore A, Gao R, Gu X, Mukherjee S, Drain CM. Photophysics of glycosylated derivatives of a chlorin, isobacteriochlorin and bacteriochlorin for photodynamic theragnostics: discovery of a two-photon-absorbing photosensitizer. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:419-30. [PMID: 24112086 DOI: 10.1111/php.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of a chlorin, isobacteriochlorin and bacteriochlorin built on a core tetrapentafluorophenylporphyrin (TPPF20 ) and the nonhydrolyzable para thioglycosylated conjugates of these chromophores are presented. The photophysical characterization of these compounds was done in three different solvents to correlate with different environments in cells and tissues. Compared with TPPF20 other dyes have greater absorption in the red region of the visible spectrum and greater fluorescence quantum yields. The excited state lifetimes are from 3 to 11 ns. The radiative and nonradiative rate constants for deactivation of the excited state were estimated from the fluorescence quantum yield and excited state lifetime. The data indicate that the bacteriochlorin has strong absorption bands near 730 nm and efficiently enters the triplet manifold. The isobacteriochlorin has a 40-70% fluorescence quantum yield depending on solvent, so it may be a good fluorescent tag. The isobacteriochlorins also display enhanced two-photon absorption, thereby allowing the use of 860 nm light to excite the compound. While the two-photon cross section of 25 GM units is not large, excitation of low chromophore concentrations can induce apoptosis. The glycosylated compounds accumulate in cancer cells and a head and neck squamous carcinoma xenograft tumor model in mice. These compounds are robust to photobleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY; Department of Science, Borough of Manhattan Community College of the City University of New York, New York, NY
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Lafont D, Zorlu Y, Savoie H, Albrieux F, Ahsen V, Boyle RW, Dumoulin F. Monoglycoconjugated phthalocyanines: Effect of sugar and linkage on photodynamic activity. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:252-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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36
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Mbakidi JP, Drogat N, Granet R, Ouk TS, Ratinaud MH, Rivière E, Verdier M, Sol V. Hydrophilic chlorin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles—Potential anticancer agent for the treatment of melanoma by PDT. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2486-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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37
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Chauvin B, Iorga BI, Chaminade P, Paul JL, Maillard P, Prognon P, Kasselouri A. Plasma distribution of tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives relevant for Photodynamic Therapy: Importance and limits of hydrophobicity. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 83:244-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Kimani S, Ghosh G, Ghogare A, Rudshteyn B, Bartusik D, Hasan T, Greer A. Synthesis and characterization of mono-, di-, and tri-poly(ethylene glycol) chlorin e6 conjugates for the photokilling of human ovarian cancer cells. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10638-47. [PMID: 23126407 DOI: 10.1021/jo301889s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PEGylated chlorin e(6) photosensitizers were synthesized with tri(ethylene glycol) attached at the ester bond(s) for a 1:1 conjugate at the 17(3)-position, a 2:1 conjugate at the 15(2)- and 17(3)-positions, and a 3:1 conjugate at the 13(1)-, 15(2)-, and 17(3)-positions. These chlorin sensitizers were studied for hydrolytic stability and solubility, as well as ovarian OVCAR-5 cancer cell uptake, localization, and phototoxicity. Increasing numbers of the PEG groups in the mono-, di-, and tri-PEG chlorin conjugates increased the water solubility and sensitivity to hydrolysis and uptake into the ovarian cancer cells. The PEG chlorin conjugates accumulated in the cytoplasm and mitrochondria, but not in lysosomes. Higher phototoxicity was roughly correlated with higher numbers of PEG groups, with the tri-PEG chlorin conjugate showing the best overall ovarian cancer cell photokilling of the series. Singlet oxygen lifetimes, solvent deuteration, and the effects of additives azide ion and d-mannitol were examined to help clarify the photokilling mechanisms. A Type-II (singlet oxygen) photosensitized mechanism is suggested for the di- and tri-PEG chlorin conjugates; however, a more complicated process based in part on a Type-I (radicals or radical ions) mechanism is suggested for the parent chlorin e(6) and the mono-PEG chlorin conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Kimani
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center, City University of New York, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
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39
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Carbohydrate-conjugated porphyrin dimers: synthesis and photobiological evaluation for a potential application in one-photon and two-photon photodynamic therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 21:153-65. [PMID: 23218779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of bioconjugated zinc porphyrin dimers 1a-e designed as photosensitizers for one-photon and two-photon excited photodynamic therapy. These macrocycles are substituted with carbohydrate units (glucose, mannose, lactose) in order to target tumor cells over-expressing lectin membrane receptors. Polarity, singlet oxygen production and in vitro photocytotoxicity are studied to determine their photodynamic therapy potentiality.
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40
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Grin MA, Lonin IS, Likhosherstov LM, Novikova OS, Plyutinskaya AD, Plotnikova EA, Kachala VV, Yakubovskaya RI, Mironov AF. "Click chemistry" in the synthesis of the first glycoconjugates of bacteriochlorin series. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424612500848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A regioselective synthesis of glycoconjugates based on bacteriochlorophyll a and lactose derivatives has been carried out. The conjugation was achieved via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of bacteriochlorins containing a terminal triple bond and a lactose azide derivative. The conjugates obtained in this way had one or two disaccharide fragments attached to pyrrol A, the exocyclic imide ring of the tetrapyrrolyc macrocycle, or to both positions. Exhaustive NMR analysis by 1D and 2D NMR experiments ( 1H-1H COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, 1H-13C HSQC, HMBC, and 1H-15N HMBC) allowed us to determine the structures and configurations of the glycoconjugates obtained. A bioassay of the glycoconjugates using the Hep2 cell line showed that the highest efficiency was observed for the glycosylated bacteriopurpurinimide containing a lactose residue at pyrrole ring A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A. Grin
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies, 86 pr. Vernadskogo, 119571 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan S. Lonin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 31 Leninsky prosp., GSP-1, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid M. Likhosherstov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga S. Novikova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna D. Plyutinskaya
- Hertsen Moscow Oncological Institute, 2nd Botkinskiy pr. 3, 125284 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A. Plotnikova
- Hertsen Moscow Oncological Institute, 2nd Botkinskiy pr. 3, 125284 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim V. Kachala
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Raisa I. Yakubovskaya
- Hertsen Moscow Oncological Institute, 2nd Botkinskiy pr. 3, 125284 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey F. Mironov
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies, 86 pr. Vernadskogo, 119571 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Wang ZJ, Chauvin B, Maillard P, Hammerer F, Carez D, Croisy A, Sandré C, Chollet-Martin S, Prognon P, Paul JL, Blais J, Kasselouri A. Glycodendrimeric phenylporphyrins as new candidates for retinoblastoma PDT: Blood carriers and photodynamic activity in cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 115:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Daly R, Vaz G, Davies AM, Senge MO, Scanlan EM. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Library of Glycoporphyrin Compounds. Chemistry 2012; 18:14671-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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43
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Chlorin-PEI-labeled cellulose nanocrystals: Synthesis, characterization and potential application in PDT. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3648-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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Senge MO. mTHPC--a drug on its way from second to third generation photosensitizer? Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2011; 9:170-9. [PMID: 22594988 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC, Temoporfin) is a widely investigated second generation photosensitizer. Its initial use in solution form (Foscan®) is now complemented by nanoformulations (Fospeg®, Foslip®) and new chemical derivatives related to the basic hydroxyphenylporphyrin framework. Advances in formulation, chemical modifications and targeting strategies open the way for third generation photosensitizers and give an illustrative example for the developmental process of new photoactive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias O Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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45
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Synthesis of β-functionalized Temoporfin derivatives for an application in photodynamic therapy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5808-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Diprotonation process of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives designed for Photodynamic Therapy of cancers: From Multivariate Curve Resolution to predictive QSPR modeling. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 705:306-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Garcia G, Naud-Martin D, Carrez D, Croisy A, Maillard P. Microwave-mediated ‘click-chemistry’ synthesis of glycoporphyrin derivatives and in vitro photocytotoxicity for application in photodynamic therapy. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Rojkiewicz M, Zięba G, Jarczyk A, Kuś P. Lipophilicity of tetraarylporphyrins. Part 1. Tetra-(hydroxyphenyl)porphyrins with long alkyl chain in the molecule. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.24.2011.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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49
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Ballut S, Naud-Martin D, Loock B, Maillard P. A Strategy for the Targeting of Photosensitizers. Synthesis, Characterization, and Photobiological Property of Porphyrins Bearing Glycodendrimeric Moieties. J Org Chem 2011; 76:2010-28. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102185d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Ballut
- UMR 176 CNRS/Institut Curie, Institut Curie, Bât 110, University Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Section de Recherches, Centre Universitaire, University Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Delphine Naud-Martin
- UMR 176 CNRS/Institut Curie, Institut Curie, Bât 110, University Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Section de Recherches, Centre Universitaire, University Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Bernard Loock
- UMR 176 CNRS/Institut Curie, Institut Curie, Bât 110, University Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Section de Recherches, Centre Universitaire, University Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
- GDR CNRS 3049 “Médicaments Photoactivables-Photochimiothérapie (PHOTOMED)”, France
| | - Philippe Maillard
- UMR 176 CNRS/Institut Curie, Institut Curie, Bât 110, University Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Section de Recherches, Centre Universitaire, University Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
- GDR CNRS 3049 “Médicaments Photoactivables-Photochimiothérapie (PHOTOMED)”, France
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50
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Makky A, Michel J, Maillard P, Rosilio V. Biomimetic liposomes and planar supported bilayers for the assessment of glycodendrimeric porphyrins interaction with an immobilized lectin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:656-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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