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Pitirollo O, Di Benedetto R, Henriques P, Gasperini G, Mancini F, Carducci M, Massai L, Rossi O, Volbeda AG, Codée JDC, Berlanda Scorza F, Moriel DG, Necchi F, Lay L, Adamo R, Micoli F. Elucidating the role of N-acetylglucosamine in Group A Carbohydrate for the development of an effective glycoconjugate vaccine against Group A Streptococcus. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 311:120736. [PMID: 37028871 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Group A Carbohydrate (GAC), conjugated to an appropriate carrier protein, has been proposed as an attractive vaccine candidate against Group A Streptococcus infections. Native GAC consists of a polyrhamnose (polyRha) backbone with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) at every second rhamnose residue. Both native GAC and the polyRha backbone have been proposed as vaccine components. Here, chemical synthesis and glycoengineering were used to generate a panel of different length GAC and polyrhamnose fragments. Biochemical analyses were performed confirming that the epitope motif of GAC is composed of GlcNAc in the context of the polyrhamnose backbone. Conjugates from GAC isolated and purified from a bacterial strain and polyRha genetically expressed in E. coli and with similar molecular size to GAC were compared in different animal models. The GAC conjugate elicited higher anti-GAC IgG levels with stronger binding capacity to Group A Streptococcus strains than the polyRha one, both in mice and in rabbits. This work contributes to the development of a vaccine against Group A Streptococcus suggesting GAC as preferable saccharide antigen to include in the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia Pitirollo
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberta Di Benedetto
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | | | - Gianmarco Gasperini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mancini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Martina Carducci
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Luisa Massai
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Omar Rossi
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Anne Geert Volbeda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Danilo Gomes Moriel
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Francesca Necchi
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Luigi Lay
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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2
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Del Bino L, Østerlid KE, Wu DY, Nonne F, Romano MR, Codée J, Adamo R. Synthetic Glycans to Improve Current Glycoconjugate Vaccines and Fight Antimicrobial Resistance. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15672-15716. [PMID: 35608633 PMCID: PMC9614730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is emerging as the next potential pandemic. Different microorganisms, including the bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, non-typhoidal Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungus Candida auris, have been identified by the WHO and CDC as urgent or serious AMR threats. Others, such as group A and B Streptococci, are classified as concerning threats. Glycoconjugate vaccines have been demonstrated to be an efficacious and cost-effective measure to combat infections against Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and, more recently, Salmonella typhi. Recent times have seen enormous progress in methodologies for the assembly of complex glycans and glycoconjugates, with developments in synthetic, chemoenzymatic, and glycoengineering methodologies. This review analyzes the advancement of glycoconjugate vaccines based on synthetic carbohydrates to improve existing vaccines and identify novel candidates to combat AMR. Through this literature survey we built an overview of structure-immunogenicity relationships from available data and identify gaps and areas for further research to better exploit the peculiar role of carbohydrates as vaccine targets and create the next generation of synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kitt Emilie Østerlid
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dung-Yeh Wu
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jeroen Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Anti-Lea Monoclonal Antibody SPM 522 Recognizes An Extended Lea Epitope. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 56:116628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Nejatie A, Jegatheeswaran S, Auzanneau FI. Synthesis of LacNAcLe x- and DimLe x-BSA Conjugates and Binding to Anti-Polymeric Le xmAbs. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nejatie
- Department of Chemistry; University of Guelph; 50 Stone Road East N1G2W1 Guelph ON Canada
- Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University; 8888 University Dr V5A1S6 Burnaby BC Canada
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5
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Zhao Y, Wang S, Wang G, Li H, Guo Z, Gu G. Synthesis and immunological studies of group AStreptococcuscell-wall oligosaccharide–streptococcal C5a peptidase conjugates as bivalent vaccines. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00651f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A convergent synthesis of GAS cell-wall oligosaccharides and their efficient conjugation with the ScpA193 carrier protein to generate glycoconjugates as potential bivalent vaccines were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Zhao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology
- Shandong University
- Qingdao 266237
- China
| | - Subo Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology
- Shandong University
- Qingdao 266237
- China
| | - Guirong Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology
- Shandong University
- Qingdao 266237
- China
| | - Hui Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology
- Shandong University
- Qingdao 266237
- China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology
- Shandong University
- Qingdao 266237
- China
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6
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Xu P, Trinh MN, Kováč P. Conjugation of carbohydrates to proteins using di(triethylene glycol monomethyl ether) squaric acid ester revisited. Carbohydr Res 2018; 456:24-29. [PMID: 29247910 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Properties of di(triethylene glycol monomethyl ether) squarate relevant to conjugation of carbohydrates to proteins have been reinvestigated and compared with those of dimethyl squarate. It is concluded that the commercially available, crystalline dimethyl squarate remains the most convenient and efficient reagent for conjugation of amine-containing carbohydrates to proteins by a two-step or one-pot conjugation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- NIDDK, LBC, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0815, USA
| | - Michael N Trinh
- NIDDK, LBC, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0815, USA
| | - Pavol Kováč
- NIDDK, LBC, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0815, USA.
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7
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Jahouh F, Xu P, Vann WF, Kováč P, Banoub JH. Mapping the glycation sites in the neoglycoconjugate from hexasaccharide antigen of Vibrio cholerae, serotype Ogawa and the recombinant tetanus toxin C-fragment carrier. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:1083-1090. [PMID: 24130011 PMCID: PMC4155328 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the glycation sites in a vaccine candidate for cholera formed by conjugation of the synthetic hexasaccharide fragment of the O-specific polysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae, serotype Ogawa, to the recombinant tetanus toxin C-fragment (rTT-Hc) carrier. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of the vaccine revealed that it is composed of a mixture of neoglycoconjugates with carbohydrate : protein ratios of 1.9 : 1, 3.0 : 1, 4.0 : 1, 4.9 : 1, 5.9 : 1, 6.9 : 1, 7.9 : 1 and 9.1 : 1. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of the tryptic and GluC V8 digests allowed identification of 12 glycation sites in the carbohydrate-protein neoglycoconjugate vaccine. The glycation sites are located exclusively on lysine (Lys) residues and are listed as follows: Lys 22, Lys 61, Lys 145, Lys 239, Lys 278, Lys 318, Lys 331, Lys 353, Lys 378, Lys 389, Lys 396 and Lys 437. Based on the 3-D representation of the rTT-Hc protein, all the glycation sites correspond to lysines located at the outer surface of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Jahouh
- Memorial University Biochemistry Department, St John’s, NL, Canada, A1B 3X7
| | - Peng Xu
- NIH, NIDDK, LBC Bethesda, MD, 20892-0815, USA
| | - Willie F. Vann
- Laboratory of Bacterial Toxins OVRR, CBER, FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Pavol Kováč
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Special Projects, St John’s, NL, Canada, A1C 5X1
| | - Joseph H. Banoub
- Memorial University Biochemistry Department, St John’s, NL, Canada, A1B 3X7
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Special Projects, St John’s, NL, Canada, A1C 5X1
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8
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Gu G, Adabala PJP, Szczepina MG, Borrelli S, Pinto BM. Synthesis and Immunological Characterization of Modified Hyaluronic Acid Hexasaccharide Conjugates. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8004-19. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4012442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering Research
Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100,
PR China
| | - Pal John Pal Adabala
- Department of
Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby,
British Columbia
V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Monica G. Szczepina
- Department of
Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby,
British Columbia
V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Silvia Borrelli
- Department of
Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby,
British Columbia
V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - B. Mario Pinto
- Department of
Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby,
British Columbia
V5A 1S6, Canada
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9
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Hendel JL, Auzanneau FI. Convergent Preparation of DimLex Hexasaccharide Analogues. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Jakab Z, Fekete A, Borbás A, Lipták A, Antus S. Synthesis of new sulfonic acid-containing oligosaccharide mimetics of sialyl Lewis A. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Application and limitations of the methyl imidate protection strategy of N-acetylglucosamine for glycosylations at O-4: synthesis of Lewis A and Lewis X trisaccharide analogues. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2914-23. [PMID: 18801477 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Johnson MA, Pinto BM. Structural and functional studies of Peptide-carbohydrate mimicry. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2008; 273:55-116. [PMID: 23605459 DOI: 10.1007/128_2007_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Certain peptides act as molecular mimics of carbohydrates in that they are specifically recognizedby carbohydrate-binding proteins. Peptides that bind to anti-carbohydrate antibodies, carbohydrate-processingenzymes, and lectins have been identified. These peptides are potentially useful as vaccines andtherapeutics; for example, immunologically functional peptide molecular mimics (mimotopes) can strengthenor modify immune responses induced by carbohydrate antigens. However, peptides that bind specificallyto carbohydrate-binding proteins may not necessarily show the corresponding biological activity, andfurther selection based on biochemical studies is always required. The degree of structural mimicryrequired to generate the desired biological activity is therefore an interesting question. This reviewwill discuss recent structural studies of peptide-carbohydrate mimicry employing NMR spectroscopy,X-ray crystallography, and molecular modeling, as well as relevant biochemical data. These studiesprovide insights into the basis of mimicry at the molecular level. Comparisons with other carbohydrate-mimeticcompounds, namely proteins and glycopeptides, will be drawn. Finally, implications for the designof new therapeutic compounds will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., MB-44, 92037, La Jolla, CA, USA,
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13
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Hou SJ, Saksena R, Kovác P. Preparation of glycoconjugates by dialkyl squarate chemistry revisited. Carbohydr Res 2007; 343:196-210. [PMID: 18048016 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The methyl 6-hydroxyhexanoyl glycoside of lactose was treated with each of 1,2-diaminoethane or hydrazine hydrate, and the corresponding amino amide 4 and acyl hydrazide 13, were treated with each of squaric acid dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and didecyl esters. The monoesters were conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) at different concentrations of hapten using 0.05 and 0.5M pH 9 borate buffer. Maximum loading was achieved faster, and the conjugation efficiency was higher, when the conjugation was conducted at higher concentrations of both hapten and buffer. Conjugations involving haptens 14-17 prepared from hydrazide 13 were generally slower and less efficient than those with compounds 5-8, which were made from amino amide 4. Maintaining pH 9 during conjugation was found to be the most important factor in ensuring that the conjugation was a fast, highly efficient, and reproducible process. When the pH of the conjugation mixture fell during the reaction, resulting in decreased reaction rate or even termination of the conjugation process, the normal course of the conjugation process could be restored by addition of buffer salts. Hydrolysis studies with monoesters formed from amino amide 4 under conjugation conditions showed that decyl ester 8 was the most stable and that the methyl compound 5 was the one most readily hydrolyzed. The stability of monoesters prepared from hydrazide 13 was similar and comparable to the decyl ester prepared from 4. No definite advantage was found for the use of any of the four dialkyl squarate reagents (methyl-, ethyl-, butyl-, and decyl-) for conversion of carbohydrate derivatives to species amenable for conjugation. Nevertheless, dimethyl squarate seemed to be the most convenient reagent because it is a crystalline, easy to handle, and commercially available material with very good reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jie Hou
- NIDDK, LBC, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0815, USA
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14
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Michon F, Moore SL, Kim J, Blake MS, Auzanneau FI, Johnston BD, Johnson MA, Pinto BM. Doubly branched hexasaccharide epitope on the cell wall polysaccharide of group A streptococci recognized by human and rabbit antisera. Infect Immun 2005; 73:6383-9. [PMID: 16177309 PMCID: PMC1230941 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.10.6383-6389.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of epitope specificities associated with the cell wall polysaccharide antigen of group A streptococci were identified in a polyclonal rabbit antiserum induced in rabbits by whole group A streptococci and in polyclonal convalescent human antisera from children that had recovered from streptococcal A infections. The identification was achieved by using a series of synthetic oligosaccharides, glycoconjugates, and bacterial polysaccharide inhibitors to inhibit the binding of the group A helical polysaccharide to the polyclonal antisera. The exclusively dominant epitope expressed in the convalescent human antisera was the doubly branched extended helical hexasaccharide with the structure alpha-L-Rhap(1-->2)[beta-D-GlcpNAc(1-->3)]alpha-L-Rhap(1-->3)alpha-L-Rhap(1-->2)[beta-D-GlcpNAc(1-->3)]alpha-L-Rhap. The hexasaccharide epitope also bound with the highest immunoreactivity to the rabbit antiserum. In contrast, the human antisera did not show significant binding to the singly branched pentasaccharide with the structure alpha-L-Rhap(1-->2)alpha-L-Rhap(1-->3)alpha-L-Rhap(1-->2)[beta-D-GlcpNAc(1-->3)]alpha-L-Rhap or the branched trisaccharide alpha-L-Rhap(1-->2)[beta-D-GlcpNAc(1-->3)]alpha-l-Rhap, although both these haptens bound significantly to the same rabbit antiserum, albeit with less immunoreactivity than the hexasaccharide. Inhibition studies using streptococcal group A and B rabbit antisera and the inhibitors indicated above also suggested that the group A carbohydrate, unlike the group B streptococcal polysaccharide, does not contain the disaccharide alpha-L-Rhap(1-->2)alpha-L-Rhap motif at its nonreducing chain terminus, stressing the importance of mapping the determinant specificities of these two important streptococcal subcapsular group polysaccharides to fully understand the serological relationships between group A and group B streptococci.
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15
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de Souza A, Halkes K, Meeldijk J, Verkleij A, Vliegenthart J, Kamerling J. Synthesis of Gold Glyconanoparticles: Possible Probes for the Exploration of Carbohydrate-Mediated Self-Recognition of Marine Sponge Cells. European J Org Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Hossany RB, Johnson MA, Eniade AA, Pinto BM. Synthesis and immunochemical characterization of protein conjugates of carbohydrate and carbohydrate-mimetic peptides as experimental vaccines. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:3743-54. [PMID: 15186860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2003] [Accepted: 03/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The peptides DRPVPY and MDWNMHAA, which were identified as mimics of the cell-surface polysaccharides of Streptococcus Group A and Shigella flexneri Y, respectively, were used in this study to develop experimental vaccines directed against these two bacteria. Both oligopeptides were synthesized employing the Fmoc solid-phase strategy and linked via the amino end to a bifunctional linker, diethylsquarate. These adducts were then conjugated to the two carrier proteins, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and tetanus toxoid (TT) to yield the peptide conjugate vaccines. The average level of incorporation of DRPVPY and MDWNMHAA on TT was 65% and 75%, respectively, whereas that of both peptide haptens on BSA was 100%. A polysaccharide conjugate against S. flexneri Y, which comprises about 10 tetrasaccharide repeating units, was also prepared based on reductive amination at the reducing end with 1,3-diaminopropane, followed by coupling of the aminated polysaccharide to diethylsquarate, and subsequent coupling of the adduct to TT. An average incorporation of 73% of polysaccharide haptens was achieved. The glycoconjugate and the oligopeptide conjugates were shown to bind effectively to the respective monoclonal antibodies directed against the cell-surface polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana B Hossany
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
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17
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Saksena R, Ma X, Kovác P. One-pot preparation of a series of glycoconjugates with predetermined antigen–carrier ratio from oligosaccharides that mimic the O-PS of Vibrio cholerae O:1, serotype Ogawa. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:2591-603. [PMID: 14670719 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Di-through the pentasaccharide that mimic the upstream terminus of the O-specific polysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O:1, serotype Ogawa were synthesized in the form of 5-methoxycarbonylpentyl glycosides and linked to BSA using squaric acid diester chemistry. The conjugation reactions were monitored by surface-enhanced laser-desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS), which allowed conducting the conjugation of the synthetic oligosaccharides in a controlled way and termination of the reaction when the desired molar hapten-BSA ratio had been reached. This made it possible to prepare, from one hapten in a one-pot reaction, a series of neoglycoconjugates having different, predetermined carbohydrate-carrier ratios. The accuracy of molecular mass determination in SELDI-TOF MS analysis could be increased by using the carrier protein as the internal standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Saksena
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute Diabets and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 8, Rm B1A24, Bethesda, MD 20892-0815, USA
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18
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Asnani A, Auzanneau FI. Synthesis of Lewis X trisaccharide analogues in which glucose and rhamnose replace N-acetylglucosamine and fucose, respectively. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:1045-54. [PMID: 12706970 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two analogues of the Le(x) trisaccharide, alpha-L-Fucp-(1-->3)-[beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)]-D-Glcp were synthesized as allyl glycosides. In these derivatives either only the N-acetylglucosamine is replaced by glucose or both the N-acetylglucosamine and the fucosyl residue are replaced by glucose and rhamnose, respectively. Our synthetic scheme used armed beta-thiophenyl fuco- and rhamnoside glycosyl donors that were prepared anomerically pure from the corresponding alpha-glycosyl bromides. The protecting groups were chosen to allow access to the fully deprotected trisaccharides without reduction of the allyl glycosidic group. These analogues will be used as soluble antigens in binding experiments with anti-Le(x) antibodies and can also be conjugated to a carrier protein and used as immunogens. In the course of this synthetic work, we also describe the use of reversed-phase HPLC to purify key protected trisaccharide intermediates prior to their deprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Asnani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
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19
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Höög C, Rotondo A, Johnston BD, Pinto BM. Synthesis and conformational analysis of a pentasaccharide corresponding to the cell-wall polysaccharide of the Group A Streptococcus. Carbohydr Res 2002; 337:2023-36. [PMID: 12433468 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and conformational analysis of a pentasaccharide corresponding to a fragment of the cell-wall polysaccharide (CWPS) of the bacteria Streptococcus Group A are described. The polysaccharide consists of alternating alpha-(1 --> 2)- and alpha-(1 --> 3)-linked L-rhamnopyranose (Rhap) residues with branching 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose (GlcpNAc) residues linked beta-(1 --> 3) to alternate rhamnose rings. The pentasaccharide is of interest as a possible terminal unit on the CWPS, for use in a vaccine. The syntheses employed a trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donor. Molecular dynamics (MD) calculations of the pentasaccharide with the force fields CVFF and PARM22, both in gas phase and with explicit water present, gave different predictions for the flexibility and preferred conformational space. Metropolis Monte Carlo (MMC) calculations with the HSEA force field were also performed. Experimental data were obtained from 1D transient NOE measurements. Complete build-up curves were compared to those obtained by full relaxation matrix calculations in order to derive a model of the conformation. Overall, the best fit between experimental and calculated data was obtained with MMC simulations using the HSEA force field. Molecular dynamics and MMC simulations of a tetrasaccharide corresponding to the Group A-variant polysaccharide, which differs in structure from Group A in lacking the GlcpNAc residues, were also performed for purposes of comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christer Höög
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
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20
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Synthesis of tools for raising antibodies against moenomycin epitopes and initial immunological studies. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Chernyak A, Karavanov A, Ogawa Y, Kovác P. Conjugating oligosaccharides to proteins by squaric acid diester chemistry: rapid monitoring of the progress of conjugation, and recovery of the unused ligand. Carbohydr Res 2001; 330:479-86. [PMID: 11269399 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Samples that are periodically withdrawn from the mixture of a conjugation reaction can be analyzed on a picomolar scale without any work-up or pre-purification using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) in combination with the ProteinChip System. The technique provides rapid information about the increasing molecular mass of the glycoconjugate formed, thereby allowing termination of the process when the desired incorporation of the ligand onto the carrier protein is achieved. The excess oligosaccharide used at the onset of conjugation can be recovered and used in preparation of a similar neoglycoconjugate. The overall economy of conjugations, which often involve labor-intensive linker-equipped oligosaccharides, can be markedly increased in this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chernyak
- NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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22
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Pozsgay V. Oligosaccharide-protein conjugates as vaccine candidates against bacteria. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2001; 56:153-99. [PMID: 11039111 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(01)56004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Pozsgay
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2720, USA
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23
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Vermeer HJ, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JF. Synthesis and conjugation of a sulfated disaccharide involved in the aggregation process of the marine sponge Microciona prolifera. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(99)00585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Halkes KM, Vermeer HJ, Slaghek TM, van Hooft PA, Loof A, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JF. Preparation of spacer-containing di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharide fragments of the circulating anodic antigen of Schistosoma mansoni for diagnostic purposes. Carbohydr Res 1998; 309:175-88. [PMID: 9741076 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of beta-D-GlcpA-(1-->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc-(1-->O)CH2CH = CH2, beta-D-Galp-NAc-(1-->6)-[beta-D-GlcpA-(1-->3)]-beta-D-GalpNAc-(1-- >O)CH2CH = CH2, and beta-D-GlcpA-(1-->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc-(1-->6)-[beta-D-GlcpA-(1 -->3)] -beta-D-GalpNAc-(1-->O)CH2CH = CH2 is described. These oligosaccharides represent fragments of th circulating anodic antigen, secreted by the parasite Schistosoma mansoni in the circulatory system of the host. The applied synthesis strategy includes the preparation of a non-oxidised backbone oligosaccharide, with a levulinoyl group at O-6 of the beta-D-glucose residue. After the selective removal of the levulinoyl group, the obtained hydroxyl functions were converted into carboxyl groups, using pyridinium dichromate and acetic anhydride in dichloromethane, to afford the desired glucuronic-acid-containing oligosaccharides. Subsequently, the allyl glycosides have been elongated with cysteamine to give the corresponding amine-spacer-containing oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Halkes
- Bijvoet Center, Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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25
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Johnston BD, Pinto BM. Use of a phenyl 1-selenogalactofuranoside as a glycosyl donor for the synthesis of galactofuranosyl-containing disaccharides. Carbohydr Res 1997; 305:289-92. [PMID: 9581281 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(97)10016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of acetylated phenyl 1-seleno-beta-D-galactofuranoside as a glycosyl donor for the synthesis of protected D-Galf-beta-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Manp as its methyl or ethylthio glycoside has been demonstrated. Activation of the selenoglycoside over a thioglycoside acceptor by NIS/TfOH is extremely selective and gives the ethylthio disaccharide in 91% yield. The parent disaccharide is found as a terminal and branched unit in the lipopeptidophosphoglycan oligosaccharides of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Johnston
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada
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26
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Harris SL, Craig L, Mehroke JS, Rashed M, Zwick MB, Kenar K, Toone EJ, Greenspan N, Auzanneau FI, Marino-Albernas JR, Pinto BM, Scott JK. Exploring the basis of peptide-carbohydrate crossreactivity: evidence for discrimination by peptides between closely related anti-carbohydrate antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:2454-9. [PMID: 9122216 PMCID: PMC20109 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.6.2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the molecular basis of antigenic mimicry by peptides, we studied a panel of closely related mAbs directed against the cell-wall polysaccharide of group A Streptococcus. These antibodies have restricted V-gene usage, indicating a shared mechanism of binding to a single epitope. Epitope mapping studies using synthetic fragments of the cell-wall polysaccharide supported this conclusion. All of the mAbs isolated crossreactive peptides from a panel of phage-displayed libraries, and competition studies indicated that many of the peptides bind at or near the carbohydrate binding site. Surprisingly, the peptides isolated by each mAb fell into distinct consensus-sequence groups that discriminated between the mAbs, and in general, the peptides bound only to the mAbs used for their isolation. Similar results were obtained with polyclonal antibodies directed against synthetic oligosaccharide fragments of the streptococcal cell-wall polysaccharide. Thus, the peptides appear to be specific for their isolating antibodies and are not recognized by the same mechanism as their carbohydrate counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Harris
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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