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Kashparov V, Pavlenko P, Kashparova O, Levchuk S, Yoschenko V, Teien HC, Wada T, Hrechaniuk M, Khomutinin Y, Salbu B. Uptake from water and depuration of 137Cs and 90Sr by silver Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2024; 276:107443. [PMID: 38733661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
To follow up field observations in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (ChEZ), a series of controlled model aquarium experiments were conducted to determine the uptake and depuration rates of 137Cs and 90Sr in silver Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) in fresh water, varying in temperature from 5 to 27 °C, with daily feeding rates of 0-1.5 % fish weight day-1. In the present study, the 137Cs uptake rates in muscle tissues directly from water, 0.05-0.09 day-1 at temperatures of 5-27 °C, were significantly lower than previously reported for fish fed under natural conditions in contaminated lakes within the ChEZ. The rate of 90Sr uptake in bone tissues of silver Prussian carp varied from 0.055 day-1 at a water temperature of 5 °C and feeding rates ≤0.15 % fish weight day-1 to 1.5 ± 0.2 day-1 at a temperature of 27 ± 1 °С and at the highest tested feeding rate of 1.5 % day-1. The rate of decrease of 137Cs concentration in muscle tissues was kb = 0.0028 ± 0.0004 day-1 (T1/2 = 248 ± 35 days) at the lowest water temperature tested (5 °С). At water temperatures between 13 and 26 °С and a feeding rate of 0.15 % day-1, the rate increased to kb = 0.0071-0.0092 day-1 (T1/2 = 75-99 days). The rates of decrease of 90Sr activity concentration in bone tissues at water temperatures between 22 and 25 °С and a feeding rate of 0.5 % day-1 were kb=0.004-0.0014 day-1, and the associated biological half-life T1/2 ranged 50-160 days, respectively. The present work supported conclusions related to the main pathways of 137Cs and 90Sr uptake by silver Prussian carp, and demonstrated the usefulness of combining field and laboratory uptake and depuration experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Kashparov
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Polina Pavlenko
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Institute of Environmental Radioactivity at Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Olena Kashparova
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Sviatoslav Levchuk
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Yoschenko
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity at Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Hans-Christian Teien
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Toshihiro Wada
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity at Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Maksym Hrechaniuk
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuri Khomutinin
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Brit Salbu
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Kashparova O, Teien HC, Pavlenko P, Salbu B, Eide DM, Levchuk S, Jensen KA, Protsak V, Hrechaniuk M, Kashparov V. Clean feed as countermeasure to reduce the 90Sr and 137Cs levels in fish from contaminated lakes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 258:107091. [PMID: 36566703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.107091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glubokoye Lake situated within the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is highly contaminated with respect to radioactive caesium and strontium isotopes, which also is reflected in the contaminated fish. To utilize the fish resources in contaminated lakes, the present work presents for the first time the effectiveness of using clean feed to counteract contamination of radionuclides in fish. The study is based on a series of repeated experiments with Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)) kept in cages in the contaminated Glubokoye Lake during summer 2018-2021. By the addition of clean feed, the activity concentration of 137Cs in fish muscle tissues was lowered with a factor of 2-5 due to biodilution. Surprisingly, additional clean feed did not lead to further decrease in the uptake of 137Cs in fish. In contrast to 137Cs, the addition of clean feed increased the 90Sr activity concentration in fish by a factor of 2-4 compared to fish fed with naturally occurring feed items. Radioactive strontium accumulated mainly in the fish bones and the muscle tissue level was 2 orders of magnitude lower, similar to the distribution observed for stable Sr. By utilizing a new kinetic model describing the dynamics of strontium isotopes in bone tissues of fish, predictions fitted well with site-specific data, taking growth rates and aging into account. Results showed that clean feeding can be used to counteract high activity concentration of 137Cs in fish due to biodilution, but cannot counteract bioaccumulation of 90Sr. Findings highlighted that it is essential to understand underlying factors influencing the uptake pathways for contaminants, as access to clean feed could increase the growth and thereby reduce the body activity concentration of dietary associated radionuclides such as 137Cs (biodilution), as well as increase the transfer of dissolved compounds such as 90Sr directly from water to fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Kashparova
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
| | - Hans-Christian Teien
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Polina Pavlenko
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Brit Salbu
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Dag Markus Eide
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sviatoslav Levchuk
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Karl Andreas Jensen
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Valentyn Protsak
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Maksym Hrechaniuk
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Valery Kashparov
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
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Lee SH, Oh JS, Lee KB, Lee JM, Hwang SH, Lee MK, Kwon EH, Kim CS, Choi IH, Yeo IY, Yoon JY, Im JM. Evaluation of abundance of artificial radionuclides in food products in South Korea and sources. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 184-185:46-52. [PMID: 29334620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Food samples are collected nationwide from January 2016 to February 2017 and their contents of artificial radionuclides are measured to address the growing concerns regarding the radioactive contamination of food products in Korea. Specifically, 900 food samples are collected for this study and their contents of representative artificial radionuclides 134Cs, 137Cs, 239,240Pu, and 90Sr are analyzed. The analysis shows that the activity concentrations of 137Cs in fish range from minimum detectable activity (MDA) to 340 mBq/kg of fresh weight. The concentration factor (CF) determined for 137Cs as a measure of its bioavailability is calculated to be ca. 74 and found to be very similar to that (100) recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency. With an MDA of <0.221 mBq/kg, the results reveal that 239,240Pu values in fish are below the MDA. The activity concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr are lower than the MDA in both shellfish and seaweed, while the activity concentrations of 239,240Pu in shellfish range from 0.26 to 2.18 mBq/kg, and for seaweed samples range from 2.07 to 3.38 mBq/kg. The atom ratios of 240Pu/239Pu in shellfish caught at the Korean coast vary from 0.209 to 0.237, with a mean of 0.227. The higher 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio determined in shellfish is thought to be caused by the plutonium transported from the Pacific Proving Grounds rather than other sources such as the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. The activity concentrations of 137Cs in mushrooms are found to vary from 1.0 to 21.4 Bq/kg, with the highest concentrations observed in the Oak (shiitake) and Sarcodon asparatus. 134Cs is detected in three mushroom specimens collected from Jeju Island and about 3-3.6% of 137Cs present in the wild mushrooms native to the Jeju Island are introduced as a result of the Fukushima nuclear plant accident. The annual effective doses of 137Cs received through consumption of mushrooms and fish are 2.0 × 10-4 mSv yr-1 and 3.9 × 10-5 mSv yr-1, and those values are negligible compared to the annual effective doses limit of 1 mSv yr-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - J S Oh
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - K B Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - J M Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Hwang
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - M K Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - E H Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - C S Kim
- Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - I H Choi
- Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - I Y Yeo
- Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Yoon
- Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - J M Im
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
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Doi H, Takahara T, Tanaka K. Trophic position and metabolic rate predict the long-term decay process of radioactive cesium in fish: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29295. [PMID: 22279534 PMCID: PMC3261150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the long-term behavior of radionuclides in organisms is important for estimating possible associated risks to human beings and ecosystems. As radioactive cesium (¹³⁷Cs) can be accumulated in organisms and has a long physical half-life, it is very important to understand its long-term decay in organisms; however, the underlying mechanisms determining the decay process are little known. We performed a meta-analysis to collect published data on the long-term ¹³⁷Cs decay process in fish species to estimate biological (metabolic rate) and ecological (trophic position, habitat, and diet type) influences on this process. From the linear mixed models, we found that 1) trophic position could predict the day of maximum ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in fish; and 2) the metabolic rate of the fish species and environmental water temperature could predict ecological half-lives and decay rates for fish species. These findings revealed that ecological and biological traits are important to predict the long-term decay process of ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Doi
- Institute for Sustainable Sciences and Development, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
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Hong GH, Baskaran M, Molaroni SM, Lee HM, Burger J. Anthropogenic and natural radionuclides in caribou and muskoxen in the western Alaskan Arctic and marine fish in the Aleutian Islands in the first half of 2000s. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:3638-3648. [PMID: 21774963 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A number of caribou and muskoxen samples from the western Alaskan Arctic and fish samples from the Aleutian Islands were collected between 1998 and 2006 and analyzed for anthropogenic ((90)Sr and (137)Cs) and natural radionculides ((40)K, (210)Pb and (226)Ra), as part of the radiological assessment for the regional subsistence hunting communities in the first half of 2000s. We examined the relationship between the activities of these nuclides with the size of the fish. In caribou samples, concentration of (90)Sr in muscle was below the detection limit of 0.14 Bq kg(-1) and (137)Cs concentration in bones was below the detection limit of 0.15 Bq kg(-1). (137)Cs activity varied over an order of magnitude in caribou muscle samples with an average value of 2.5 Bq/kg wet wt. Average (137)Cs activity in muskoxen muscle was found to be 9.7 Bq/kg wet wt. However, there were a little variation (less than 60%) in (210)Pb, (40)K, and (226)Ra in both muscle and bone of both caribou and muskoxen. The activities of total (210)Pb in caribou and muskox bones were found to be 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of parent-supported (210)Pb indicating the potential for dating of bones of terrestrial mammals (time elapsed since the death of the animal) based on the excess (210)Pb method exists. In fish muscle samples, (137)Cs activity varied from below detection limit to 154 mBq/kg wet wt. and its content increased with the size of the fish due to its transfer through the food chain. Among the seven fish species investigated, (210)Pb activities varied almost an order of magnitude; however, (40)K and (226)Ra activities varied less than a factor of two. Total annual effective dose due to (90)Sr and (137)Cs from the ingestion of those terrestrial and marine meats was estimated to be negligible (ca. 9 μSV/a) compared to the natural radionuclides present thus posing negligible radiological threat to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Hoon Hong
- Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, 1270 Sa 2 dong, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea
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