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Pleurotus pulmonarius: a protease-producing white rot fungus in lignocellulosic residues. INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SPANISH SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 26:43-50. [PMID: 35939153 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The production of proteases by white rot fungi, such as those of the genus Pleurotus, is related to the degradation of wood proteins, the substrate on which these fungi grow in the environment. From the point of view of production, they are still little explored for this purpose. A selection of agro-industrial residues highlighted corn bagasse as the best substrate for solid-state protease production using the basidiomycete Pleurotus pulmonarius. The enzyme production was maximized through a factorial design, where the enzyme activity increased from 137.8 ± 1.9 to 234.1 ± 2.7 U/mL. Factors such as temperature stability, pH, and chemical reagents were evaluated. The optimum temperature was 45 °C, showing low thermal stability at higher temperatures. The enzyme inhibition occurred by Mn2+ (50.3%) and Ba2+ (76.4%); SDS strongly inhibited the activity (82.4%), while pepstatin A partially inhibited (56%), suggesting an aspartic protease character. Regarding pH, the highest protease activity was obtained at pH 5.5. Partial characterization resulted in apparent values of the KM and Vmax constants of 0.61 mg/mL and 1.79 mM/min, respectively.
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Benavides V, Pinto-Ibieta F, Serrano A, Rubilar O, Ciudad G. Use of Anthracophyllum Discolor and Stereum Hirsutum as a Suitable Strategy for Delignification and Phenolic Removal of Olive Mill Solid Waste. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111587. [PMID: 35681337 PMCID: PMC9180551 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the use of the white-rot fungi (WRF) Anthracophyllum discolor and Stereum hirsutum as a biological pretreatment for olive mill solid mill waste (OMSW). The WRF strains proposed were added directly to OMSW. The assays consisted of determining the need to add supplementary nutrients, an exogenous carbon source or use agitation systems, and evaluating WRF growth, enzyme activity, phenolic compound removal and lignin degradation. The highest ligninolytic enzyme activity was found at day 10, reaching 176.7 U/L of manganese-independent peroxidase (MniP) produced by A. discolor, and the highest phenolic removal (more than 80% with both strains) was reached after 24 days of incubation. The confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis (CLSM) confirmed lignin degradation through the drop in lignin relative fluorescence units (RFU) from 3967 for untreated OMSW to 235 and 221 RFU, showing a lignin relative degradation of 94.1% and 94.4% after 24 days of treatment by A. discolor and S. hirsutum, respectively. The results demonstrate for the first time that A. discolor and S. hirsutum were able to degrade lignin and remove phenolic compounds from OMSW using this as the sole substrate without adding other nutrients or using agitation systems. This work indicates that it could be possible to design an in situ pretreatment of the valorization of OMSW, avoiding complex systems or transportation. In this sense, future research under non-sterile conditions is needed to evaluate the competition of WRF with other microorganisms present in the OMSW. The main drawbacks of this work are associated with both the low reaction time and the water addition. However, OMSW is seasonal waste produced in one season per year, being stored for a long time. In terms of water addition, the necessary optimization will be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Benavides
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Fernanda Pinto-Ibieta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar #01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (F.P.-I.); (O.R.)
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Antonio Serrano
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Universidad de Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación del Agua, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Rubilar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar #01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (F.P.-I.); (O.R.)
- Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar #01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Gustavo Ciudad
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar #01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (F.P.-I.); (O.R.)
- Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar #01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Instituto del Medio Ambiente (IMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar #01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-45-2325556
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Pinto PA, Bezerra RMF, Fraga I, Amaral C, Sampaio A, Dias AA. Solid-State Fermentation of Chestnut Shells and Effect of Explanatory Variables in Predictive Saccharification Models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052572. [PMID: 35270265 PMCID: PMC8909322 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, chestnut shells (CNS), a recalcitrant and low-value agro-industrial waste obtained during the peeling of Castanea sativa fruits, were subjected to solid-state fermentation by six white-rot fungal strains (Irpex lacteus, Ganoderma resinaceum, Phlebia rufa, Bjerkandera adusta and two Trametes isolates). After being fermented, CNS was subjected to hydrolysis by a commercial enzymatic mix to evaluate the effect of fermentation in saccharification yield. After 48 h hydrolysis with 10 CMCase U mL−1 enzymatic mix, CNS fermented with both Trametes strains was recorded with higher saccharification yield (around 253 mg g−1 fermented CNS), representing 25% w/w increase in reducing sugars as compared to non-fermented controls. To clarify the relationships and general mechanisms of fungal fermentation and its impacts on substrate saccharification, the effects of some independent or explanatory variables in the production of reducing sugars were estimated by general predictive saccharification models. The variables considered were lignocellulolytic activities in fungal fermentation, CNS hydrolysis time, and concentration of enzymatic hydrolysis mix. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a very high significant effect (p < 0.0001) of fungal laccase and xylanase activities in the saccharification models, thus proving the key potential of these enzymes in CNS solid-state fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A. Pinto
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.P.); (R.M.F.B.); (I.F.); (C.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Rui M. F. Bezerra
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.P.); (R.M.F.B.); (I.F.); (C.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Irene Fraga
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.P.); (R.M.F.B.); (I.F.); (C.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carla Amaral
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.P.); (R.M.F.B.); (I.F.); (C.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Sampaio
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.P.); (R.M.F.B.); (I.F.); (C.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Albino A. Dias
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.P.); (R.M.F.B.); (I.F.); (C.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Liu E, Segato F, Wilkins MR. Fed-batch production of Thermothelomyces thermophilus lignin peroxidase using a recombinant Aspergillus nidulans strain in stirred-tank bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 325:124700. [PMID: 33461124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic lignin depolymerization is considered a favorable approach to utilize lignin due to the higher selectivity and less energy requirement when compared to thermochemical lignin valorization. Lignin peroxidase (LiP) is one of the key enzymes involved in lignin degradation and possesses high redox potential to oxidize non-phenolic structures and phenolic compounds in lignin. However, the production of LiP is mainly from white-rot fungi at small scales. It is critical to discover new LiP from other microorganisms and produce LiP at large scales. This study aims to produce a novel LiP originally from Thermothelomyces thermophiles using a recombinant Aspergillus nidulans strain. The LiP production medium was optimized, and different fed-batch strategies for LiP production were investigated to improve LiP activity, yield, and productivity. Results demonstrated that LiP production was enhanced by using multi-pulse fed-batch fermentation. A maximum LiP activity of 1,645 mU/L with a protein concentration of 0.26 g/L was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enshi Liu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Fernando Segato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Mark R Wilkins
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; Industrial Agricultural Products Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
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David PCL, Camilo LAJ, Farid REJ, Felipe MMJ, Stephanie PC, Julio RR, Janeth MCF, Carlos SRJ, Ana DAL, Santiago LPH, Marina PRA. Effect of Domestic Wastewater as Co-Substrate on Biological Stain Wastewater Treatment Using Fungal/Bacterial Consortia in Pilot Plant and Greenhouse Reuse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2018.103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chaud LC, Lario LD, Bonugli-Santos RC, Sette LD, Pessoa Junior A, Felipe MDGDA. Improvement in extracellular protease production by the marine antarctic yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa L7. N Biotechnol 2016; 33:807-814. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Daâssi D, Zouari-Mechichi H, Belbahri L, Barriuso J, Martínez MJ, Nasri M, Mechichi T. Phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of Tunisian forest wood-degrading fungi: a wealth of novelties and opportunities for biotechnology. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:46. [PMID: 28330115 PMCID: PMC4742418 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-015-0356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 51 fungal strains were isolated from decaying wood samples collected from forests located in the Northwest of Tunisia in the vicinity of Bousalem, Ain Draham and Kef. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacers of the ribosomal DNA showed a high diversity among the 51 fungal isolates collection. Representatives of 25 genera and 29 species were identified, most of which were members of one of the following phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota). In addition to the phylogenetic diversity, a high diversity of secreted enzyme profiles was also detected among the fungal isolates. All fungal strains produced at least one of the following enzymes: laccase, cellulase, protease and/or lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalel Daâssi
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, Route de Soukra Km 4,5, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Héla Zouari-Mechichi
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, Route de Soukra Km 4,5, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lassaad Belbahri
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchatel, Rue Emile Argand 11, 2009, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- NextBiotech, Agareb, Tunisia
| | - Jorge Barriuso
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, Route de Soukra Km 4,5, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahar Mechichi
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, Route de Soukra Km 4,5, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
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8
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de Souza PM, Bittencourt MLDA, Caprara CC, de Freitas M, de Almeida RPC, Silveira D, Fonseca YM, Ferreira EX, Pessoa A, Magalhães PO. A biotechnology perspective of fungal proteases. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:337-46. [PMID: 26273247 PMCID: PMC4507524 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246220140359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases hydrolyze the peptide bonds of proteins into peptides and amino acids, being found in all living organisms, and are essential for cell growth and differentiation. Proteolytic enzymes have potential application in a wide number of industrial processes such as food, laundry detergent and pharmaceutical. Proteases from microbial sources have dominated applications in industrial sectors. Fungal proteases are used for hydrolyzing protein and other components of soy beans and wheat in soy sauce production. Proteases can be produced in large quantities in a short time by established methods of fermentation. The parameters such as variation in C/N ratio, presence of some sugars, besides several other physical factors are important in the development of fermentation process. Proteases of fungal origin can be produced cost effectively, have an advantage faster production, the ease with which the enzymes can be modified and mycelium can be easily removed by filtration. The production of proteases has been carried out using submerged fermentation, but conditions in solid state fermentation lead to several potential advantages for the production of fungal enzymes. This review focuses on the production of fungal proteases, their distribution, structural-functional aspects, physical and chemical parameters, and the use of these enzymes in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Monteiro de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Tecnologia
Bioquimico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Tecnologia
Bioquimico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de
São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mona Lisa de Assis Bittencourt
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Carolina Canielles Caprara
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcela de Freitas
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Renata Paula Coppini de Almeida
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Dâmaris Silveira
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Yris Maria Fonseca
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo Ximenes Ferreira
- Universidade de Brasília, Laboratório de Enzimologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Laboratório de Enzimologia, Departamento de
Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Tecnologia
Bioquimico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Tecnologia
Bioquimico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de
São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pérola Oliveira Magalhães
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Statistical optimization of medium components to increase the manganese peroxidase productivity by Phanerochaete chrysosporium NCIM 1197. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Janusz G, Kucharzyk KH, Pawlik A, Staszczak M, Paszczynski AJ. Fungal laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase: gene expression and regulation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012. [PMID: 23199732 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to characterizing expression of laccases and peroxidases and their regulation in numerous fungal species. Much attention has been brought to these enzymes broad substrate specificity resulting in oxidation of a variety of organic compounds which brings about possibilities of their utilization in biotechnological and environmental applications. Research attempts have resulted in increased production of both laccases and peroxidases by the aid of heterologous and homologous expression. Through analysis of promoter regions, protein expression patterns and culture conditions manipulations it was possible to compare and identify common pathways of these enzymes' production and secretion. Although laccase and peroxidase proteins have been crystallized and thoroughly analyzed, there are still a lot of questions remaining about their evolutionary origin and the physiological functions. This review describes the present understanding of promoter sequences and correlation between the observed regulatory effects on laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase genes transcript levels and the presence of specific response elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Janusz
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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11
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Benoit I, Coutinho PM, Schols HA, Gerlach JP, Henrissat B, de Vries RP. Degradation of different pectins by fungi: correlations and contrasts between the pectinolytic enzyme sets identified in genomes and the growth on pectins of different origin. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:321. [PMID: 22812459 PMCID: PMC3460790 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectins are diverse and very complex biomolecules and their structure depends on the plant species and tissue. It was previously shown that derivatives of pectic polymers and oligosaccharides from pectins have positive effects on human health. To obtain specific pectic oligosaccharides, highly defined enzymatic mixes are required. Filamentous fungi are specialized in plant cell wall degradation and some produce a broad range of pectinases. They may therefore shed light on the enzyme mixes needed for partial hydrolysis. RESULTS The growth profiles of 12 fungi on four pectins and four structural elements of pectins show that the presence/absence of pectinolytic genes in the fungal genome clearly correlates with their ability to degrade pectins. However, this correlation is less clear when we zoom in to the pectic structural elements. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the complexity of the mechanisms involved in fungal degradation of complex carbon sources such as pectins. Mining genomes and comparative genomics are promising first steps towards the production of specific pectinolytic fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Benoit
- Microbiology & Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentations, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro M Coutinho
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, Case 932, 163 Av de Luminy, Marseille cedex 9, 13288, France
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, Wageningen, 6703HD, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P Gerlach
- Microbiology & Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentations, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, Case 932, 163 Av de Luminy, Marseille cedex 9, 13288, France
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Microbiology & Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentations, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
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12
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Cruz Ramírez MG, Rivera-Ríos JM, Téllez-Jurado A, Maqueda Gálvez AP, Mercado-Flores Y, Arana-Cuenca A. Screening for thermotolerant ligninolytic fungi with laccase, lipase, and protease activity isolated in Mexico. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 95 Suppl:S256-S259. [PMID: 21074935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The State of Hidalgo (Mexico) has a large area of forests known as the Huasteca Hidalguense, with a large variety of microorganisms inhabiting it. They represent an important resource from the ecological and technological point of view because they can be used in a broad variety of industrial processes. Due to the climatic conditions of this region, fungi inhabiting it must be thermophile or, at least, thermotolerant, as temperatures can be higher than 45°C in the summer, declining to 20°C in the winter. Use of ligninolytic fungi relies on their capacity to produce enzymes of industrial interest, a topic that has been under continuous research by academic and industrial investigators. Among the most important enzymes are proteases that are widely used due to their biotechnological applications with a high economic impact. Other enzymes, laccases, peroxidases, and lipases are of interest for the industries of the state of Hidalgo, especially in the textile industry, specifically in effluent processing. Fungi (n=156) were collected in the Huasteca Hidalguense, of which 100 were isolated in potato-dextrose-agar covered plates and maintained in tilted tubes. Afterwards, enzymatic activity (laccase, protease and lipase) was determined in the plates. The purpose was to select those fungi with the highest potential for biotechnological applications. Fungi generally grew at either 30°C or 37°C, and for some isolates enzymatic activities were detected at this higher temperature. Results are presented as the relation between enzymatic activity and growth rate: 60 fungi presented laccase activity, 49 had lipase activity, and none had protease activity. In most cases, enzymatic activity was higher than the growth rate, indicating that the isolated fungi have a great biotechnological potential. Statistical analysis revealed that isolates 31 (Trametes) and 8.1 (unidentified) have a larger potential to be studied as laccase-producing fungi. On the other hand, isolates 144.2 (Fomes), 154 (Trametes), and 147.2 (Pycnoporus) are of interest as lipase activity producers, an activity scarcely studied in this type of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Cruz Ramírez
- Polytechnical University of Pachuca, Carr. Pachuca - Cd. Sahagún Km. 20, 42111 Zempoala, Hidalgo, Mexico
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Ramírez DA, Muñoz SV, Atehortua L, Michel FC. Effects of different wavelengths of light on lignin peroxidase production by the white-rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown in submerged cultures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:9213-9220. [PMID: 20655205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of different wavelengths of light (UV, blue, green, yellow, red) and white light on lignin peroxidase (LiP), protein, biomass and exo-polysaccharide production and glucose uptake by Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 were determined. The experiments were conducted under aerated (CS) and oxygenated (RS) culture conditions. The results showed that only green light significantly increased maximum LiP production (by 20% and 27% in CS and RS cultures respectively). Green light also increased biomass production in oxygenated cultures (RS). Blue and UV light both significantly reduced maximum LiP activity. Yellow, red and white lights had mixed effects on culture properties. This is the first time that the effects of different wavelengths of light on lignin peroxidase production and other culture properties have been investigated. The novel findings may be important in improving the yield of lignin modifying enzymes for biomass conversion processes and understanding their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Ramírez
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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Sedighi M, Karimi A, Vahabzadeh F. Involvement of ligninolytic enzymes of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in treating the textile effluent containing Astrazon Red FBL in a packed-bed bioreactor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 169:88-93. [PMID: 19395172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 12/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Tween80, Mn(II) and veratryl alcohol (VA) on the production of ligninolytic enzymes of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in a packed-bed bioreactor using small pieces of Kissiris as carrier, was investigated. The results of the enzyme activities were noticeable in terms of decolorization and COD removal of the textile effluent containing an azo dye (Astrazon Red FBL). No dilution was made on the tested textile effluent and it was not sterilized, also. Maximum decolorization of the dye (87%) and COD removal (42%), both occurred when only Tween80 (0.05%, w/v) was added to the effluent. The maximum activities of lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) were (U/l): 17 and 52, respectively. The role of MnP was pronounced in the dye decolorization process, while the influence of LiP was noticeable on COD removal. The reusability of the original biomass was examined by replacing undiluted textile effluent (i.e., five times). The cellular performance of the original biomass in repeated-batch operations was promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sedighi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran Polytechnic, Tehran, Iran
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Effect of culture conditions on the production of ligninolytic enzymes by white rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium (ATCC 20696) and separation of its lignin peroxidase. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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