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Ettaloui Z, Rifi SK, Haddaji C, Pala A, Taleb A, Souabi S. A study on the efficiency of the sequential batch reactor on the reduction of wastewater pollution from oil washing. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:387. [PMID: 36764969 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Industrial pollution discharges from washing fuel oils pose severe problems for the environment, particularly for the marine environment receiving these discharges. This work evaluates the biological treatment performance of wastewater (90 m3/h) rich in organic matter with low biodegradability using a sequential batch reactor (SBR) on a laboratory scale. The test using SBR was carried out for 25 days on a continuous cycle of 24 h (30 min of filling, 17 h of aeration, 4 h of anoxia, 2 h of settling, and 30 min of emptying). The feasibility of alternative sources of microorganisms from urban wastewater. The performance of the batch sequencing reactor was evaluated using turbidity, total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), ammonium, nitrate, and phenol as indicators. The results obtained showed that the COD/BOD ratio and the pollutant load vary from one campaign to another. The removal efficiency of COD, BOD, TSS (Total suspended solids), ammonium, nitrate, and phenol varies from 81%, 91%, 72%, 100%, 52%, and 63%. Thus, SBR-type treatment could be an interesting way to reduce pollution due to its simplicity, less space occupation, low energy consumption, and not requiring highly qualified personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Ettaloui
- Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences & Technologies Mohammedia, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Safaa Khattabi Rifi
- Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences & Technologies Mohammedia, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Chaymae Haddaji
- Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences & Technologies Mohammedia, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Aysegul Pala
- Environmental Research and Development Center (CEVMER), Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Abdesalam Taleb
- Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences & Technologies Mohammedia, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Salah Souabi
- Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences & Technologies Mohammedia, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
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De Carluccio M, Sabatino R, Eckert EM, Di Cesare A, Corno G, Rizzo L. Co-treatment of landfill leachate with urban wastewater by chemical, physical and biological processes: Fenton oxidation preserves autochthonous bacterial community in the activated sludge process. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137578. [PMID: 36529163 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The impact of Fenton oxidation (FO) and Air stripping (AS) pre-treatments on the bacterial community of a biological activated sludge (B-AS) process for the co-treatment of mature landfill leachate (MLL) and urban wastewater (UWW) was assessed. In this work high-throughput sequencing was used to identify changes in the composition of the bacterial communities when exposed to different landfill leachate's pre-treatments. The combination of FO and AS to increase biodegradability (BOD5/COD) and reduce ammonia concentration (NH3) respectively, allowed to successfully operate the B-AS and effectively treat MLL. In particular, BOD5/COD resulted to be the key factor for bacterial community shifting. The microbiological community of the B-AS, mainly composed by the phylum Bacteroidota (Saprospiraceae, PHOS-HE51, Chitinophagaceae) after FO pre-treatment, shifted to Pseudomonadota (Caulobacteraceae and Hyphomicrobiaceae) when FO was not used. At the same time a drastic reduction in BOD5 removal was observed (90%-58%). On the other hand, high NH3 concentration affected the abundance of the family Saprospiraceae, known to play a key role in the degradation of complex organic compounds in B-AS. The results obtained suggest that a suitable combination of pre-treatments can reduce the negative effect of MLL on the B-AS process, reducing the pressure on autochthonous bacteria and therefore the acclimatization time of the biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Carluccio
- Water Science and Technology Group (WaSTe), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano SA, Italy
| | - Raffaella Sabatino
- Water Research Institute (IRSA) - MEG Molecular Ecology Group, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy
| | - Ester M Eckert
- Water Research Institute (IRSA) - MEG Molecular Ecology Group, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Cesare
- Water Research Institute (IRSA) - MEG Molecular Ecology Group, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Corno
- Water Research Institute (IRSA) - MEG Molecular Ecology Group, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy
| | - Luigi Rizzo
- Water Science and Technology Group (WaSTe), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano SA, Italy.
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Friedrich KL, Souza ADR, Fia R, Leal CD, Araújo JCD, Siniscalchi LAB. Nitratation in pilot-scale bioreactors fed with effluent from a submerged biological aerated filter used in the treatment of dog wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3852-3862. [PMID: 32167421 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1742796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrification is a biochemical process that allows oxidation of ammonium ion to nitrite, and nitrite to nitrate in a system. Aerobic processes, such as use of submerged biological aerated filter (SBAF), enable nitrification. However, some variables that are entirely unavailable or not available at the required concentration range may hamper the process. In this study, nitratation under high dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations was evaluated in laboratory-scale bioreactors containing 10% inoculum (0.5 kg kg-1) fed with affluent from a SBAF that receive the sewage generated from washing the bays of a dog kennel. The following variables were monitored over time: ammoniacal nitrogen (12.44-29.62 mg L-1), nitrite (0.28-0.54 mg L-1), nitrate (1.75-3.55 mg L-1), pH (8.11 ± 0.62), temperature (21.61 ± 1.24°C) and DO (9.69 ± 0.36 mg L-1). Quantification of nitrifying bacteria by the multiple tube technique showed the value of 1.4 × 1012 MPN mL-1for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and 9.2 × 1014 MPN mL-1 for nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. These values were higher than those found in a synthetic medium, which can be explained by the greater availability of ammonium and nitrite in the effluent. By the extraction of genomic DNA, and PCR, with specific primers, the presence of the AmoA (Ammonia monooxygenase) gene for AOB and of the Nitrobacter was detected in the bioreactor samples. By PCR-DGGE, the sequenced bands showed high similarity with denitrifying bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, Limnobacter, Thauera, Rhodococcus, and Thiobacillus. Thus, the saturation of dissolved oxygen in the system resulted in improvement in the nitratation step and allowed detection of bacterial genera involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Lydia Friedrich
- Department of Water Resource and Sanitation, Universidade Federal Lavras, Aquenta Sol, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Aline Dos Reis Souza
- Department of Water Resource and Sanitation, Universidade Federal Lavras, Aquenta Sol, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Fia
- Department of Water Resource and Sanitation, Universidade Federal Lavras, Aquenta Sol, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Dutra Leal
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Calábria de Araújo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Application of Internal Carbon Source from Sewage Sludge: A Vital Measure to Improve Nitrogen Removal Efficiency of Low C/N Wastewater. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13172338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen removal from wastewater is widely used all over the world on account of high efficiency and relatively low cost. However, nitrogen removal efficiency is not optimized when the organic matter has inadequate effect for the lack of a sufficient carbon source in influent. Although addition of an external carbon source (e.g., methanol and acetic acid) could solve the insufficient carbon source problem, it raises the operating cost of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). On the other hand, large amounts of sludge are produced during biological sewage treatment, which contain high concentrations of organic matter. This paper reviews the emerging technologies to obtain an internal organic carbon resource from sewage sludge and their application on improving nitrogen removal of low carbon/nitrogen wastewater of WWTPs. These are methods that could solve the insufficient carbon problem and excess sludge crisis simultaneously. The recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from treated sludge before recycling as an internal carbon source should also be emphasized, and the energy and time consumed to treat sludge should be reduced in practical application.
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Dos Reis Souza A, Batista AMM, Leal CD, Fia R, de Araújo JC, Siniscalchi LAB. Evaluation of nitrogen removal and the microbial community in a submerged aerated biological filter (SABF), secondary decanters (SD), and horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSF-CW) for the treatment of kennel effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43125-43137. [PMID: 32729043 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To ensure microbial activity and a reaction equilibrium with efficiency and energy saving, it is important to know the factors that influence microbiological nitrogen removal in wastewater. Thus, it was investigated the microorganisms and their products involved in the treatment of kennel effluents operated with different aeration times, phase 1 (7 h of continuous daily aeration), phase 2 (5 h of continuous daily aeration), and phase 3 (intermittent aeration every 2 h), monitoring chemical and physical parameters weekly, monthly microbiological, and qualitative and quantitative microbiological analyzes at the end of each applied aeration phase. The results showed a higher mean growth of nitrifying bacteria (NB) (106) and denitrifying bacteria (DB) (1022) in phase with intermittent aeration, in which better total nitrogen (TN) removal performance, with 33%, was achieved, against 21% in phase 1 and 17% in phase 2, due to the longer aeration time and lower carbon/nitrogen ratio (15.7), compared with the other phases. The presence of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), the genus Nitrobacter nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and DB were detected by PCR with specific primers at all phases. The analysis performed by 16S-rRNA DGGE revealed the genres Thauera at all phases; Betaproteobacteria and Acidovorax in phase 3; Azoarcus in phases 2 and 3; Clostridium, Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Turicibacter, Rhodopseudomonas, and Saccharibacteria in phase 1, which are related to the nitrogen removal, most of them by denitrifying. It is concluded that, with the characterization of the microbial community and the analysis of nitrogen compounds, it was determined, consistently, that the studied treatment system has microbiological capacity to remove TN, with the phase 3 aeration strategy, by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). Due to the high density of DB, most of the nitrification occurred by heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic. And denitrification occurred by heterotrophic and autotrophic forms, since the higher rate of oxygen application did not harm the DB. Therefore, the aeration and carbon conditions in phase 3 favored the activity of the microorganisms involved in these different routes. It is considered that, in order to increase autotrophic nitrification-aerobic, it is necessary to exhaust the volume of sludge in the secondary settlers (SD), further reducing the carbon/nitrogen ratio, through more frequent cleaning, whose periodicity should be the object of further studies. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dos Reis Souza
- Department of Water Resource and Sanitation, Federal University Lavras, Aquenta Sol, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Moreira Batista
- State University of Minas Gerais, João Monlevade Unit, Brasília Avenue, 1304 - Bau, João Monlevade, Minas Gerais, 35930-314, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Dutra Leal
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-90, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Fia
- Department of Water Resource and Sanitation, Federal University Lavras, Aquenta Sol, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Calábria de Araújo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-90, Brazil
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Sikhosana MLM, Botha A, Monyatsi L M, Coetzee MAA. Evaluating the effect of seasonal temperature changes on the efficiency of a rhizofiltration system in nitrogen removal from urban runoff. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 274:111192. [PMID: 32798845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study presents an evaluation of nitrogen removal efficiency of a pilot-scale rhizofiltration system in Pretoria, South Africa. The rhizofiltration system was divided into two sections, one side planted with common reeds (Phragmites australis) and the other side was without plants kept as a control. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of seasonal temperature on the removal of nitrogen species from the simulated urban runoff using the rhizofiltration system. The final effluent from the filter was collected bimonthly at different sampling points for 10 months after an application time of 5 min and 25 min. Duplicate samples were taken to determine the concentrations of TKN (Total Kjeldahl nitrogen), ammonium, nitrate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) for the raw influent and final effluent from the rhizofiltration system. Temperature and pH were determined on-site. During the monitoring period, there was no significant difference in the inflow concentration of ammonium in colder and warmer months for both planted and control sides. Furthermore, the composition of the feed medium to the rhizofilter was kept the same in both cold and warm season and for both planted and control sides. The removal of ammonium in colder and warmer months was not significant in both systems. At an average temperature increase of 5.2 °C in the warmer months, the ammonium removal efficiency in the planted side increased by 7.5%, while for the control side the removal efficiency increased by 2.4%. The difference in removal was not significant between the averages of effluent ammonium after an application time of 25 min in colder versus warmer months for the planted and control sides of the system. Furthermore, an increased nitrification rate was more evident in the planted than in the control side, which was subsequently denitrified. It was observed that 60.4% of nitrate concentration was potentially removed in the planted side whereas 45.4% was potentially denitrified in the control side. These results suggest positive correlation between nitrate concentration and the potential for denitrification. The nitrate removal efficiency dropped to 32.2% for the planted site and to 26.1% for the control system in colder months. Temperature had an effect on nitrogen removal, since nitrogen removal efficiency decreased in colder months. Complete nitrogen removal could not be achieved under the operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L M Sikhosana
- Department of Environmental, Water & Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - A Botha
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Mpenyane- Monyatsi L
- Department of Environmental, Water & Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - M A A Coetzee
- Department of Environmental, Water & Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Hu D, Luo K, Ma H, Min H, Zhao Y, Cui Y, Wang S, Ning N, Zhang L, Liu W. A sustainability anti-infective pharmaceutical wastewater treatment technology: multi-stage vertical variable diameter membrane bioreactor with DO online controlling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123507. [PMID: 32413642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The proper choice of dissolved oxygen (DO) is important in aerobic treatment. In this paper, a multi-stage vertical variable diameter membrane bioreactor was developed to treat pharmaceutical wastewater containing 6-APA and ceftriaxone sodium. In the 180 days of operation, the performance of COD, BOD5, 6-APA, ceftriaxone sodium removal, sludge index, and microbial enzyme activity under different DOs (from 0.5 to 6.0 mg/L) were investigated. The results showed that the optimal range of DO was 1.5-2.1 mg/L, and the highest removal rates of COD and BOD5 were observed 87.3%±2.4% and 95.3%±1.8%, the corresponding effluent COD and BOD5 were 189 mg/L and 24 mg/L, respectively. To reduce the energy consumption and ensure stability of DO in the reactor, a control strategy based on an improved differential evolution BP fuzzy neural network was built and found that the performance and cost of the controlled DO were improved effectively than that of uncontrolled DO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe Road West, Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone, Dalian 116600, PR China; College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Kongyan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe Road West, Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone, Dalian 116600, PR China; College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Haitao Ma
- College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 13000, PR China.
| | - Hongchao Min
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe Road West, Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone, Dalian 116600, PR China; College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Yuanyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe Road West, Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone, Dalian 116600, PR China; College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Yubo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe Road West, Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone, Dalian 116600, PR China; College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 13000, PR China
| | - Nan Ning
- College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 13000, PR China
| | - Lufeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe Road West, Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone, Dalian 116600, PR China; College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe Road West, Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone, Dalian 116600, PR China; College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian 116600, PR China
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Shifts in the Microbial Community of Activated Sludge with Different COD/N Ratios or Dissolved Oxygen Levels in Tibet, China. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11082284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the influence of the organic carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (chemical oxygen demand (COD/N)) and dissolved oxygen (DO) levels on the removal efficiency of pollutants and on the change in total microflora in the cyclic activated sludge system (CASS) in the Nyingchi prefecture in Tibet. The results demonstrated that the treatment performance was the best when the COD/N ratio was 7:1 or the DO levels were 2–2.5 mg/L in comparison with four different tested COD/N ratios (4:1, 5:1, 7:1, and 10:1) and DO concentrations (0.5–1, 1–2, 2–2.5, and 2.5–3.5 mg/L). The treatment performance can be explained by the relative operational taxonomic unit richness and evenness of the microbial communities in activated sludge. Evident microbial variance was observed, especially different COD/N ratios and DO concentrations, which were conducive to the disposal of urban sewage in plateaus. The results help to understand sewage treatment under different COD/N ratios or DO concentrations on plateaus. This work provides practical guidance for the operation of any wastewater treatment plant on a plateau.
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Bornemann G, Waßer K, Hauslage J. The influence of nitrogen concentration and precipitation on fertilizer production from urine using a trickling filter. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2018; 18:12-20. [PMID: 30100143 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Planetary habitation requires technology to maintain natural microbial processes, which make nutrients from biowaste available for plant cultivation. This study describes a 646 day experiment, in which trickling filters were monitored for their ability to mineralize nitrogen when loaded with artificial urine solutions of different concentrations (40, 60, 80 and 100% v/v). Former studies have indicated that increasing urine concentrations slow nitrogen conversion rates and induce growing instability. In the current experiment, nitrogen conversion rates, measured as nitrate production/day, did not differ between concentration levels and increasing instability was not observed. Instead, the buffering capacity of the mussel shells added as buffer system (∼75% calcium carbonate) increased with increasing concentrations of synthetic urine possibly due to the higher phosphate content. The intensified precipitation of calcium phosphates seems to promote carbonate dissolution leading to improved buffering. For space applications, the precipitation of calcium phosphates is not desirable as for the phosphate to be available to the plants the precipitate must be treated with hazardous substances. With regard to terrestrial agriculture the process-integrated phosphate precipitation is a possibility to separate the macronutrients nitrogen and phosphate without addition of other chemicals. Thus, the described process offers a simple and cost-effective approach to fertilizer production from biogenic residues like slurry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhild Bornemann
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, Linder Hoehe, Cologne 51147, Germany.
| | - Kai Waßer
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, Linder Hoehe, Cologne 51147, Germany
| | - Jens Hauslage
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, Linder Hoehe, Cologne 51147, Germany
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Xu H, Wang C, Liang Z, He L, Wu W. The structure and component characteristics of partial nitrification biofilms under autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:3673-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Chao YN, Ng KK, Wu CH, Hong PKA, Lin CF. Enhancing total nitrogen removal from wastewater of a science and industrial park using entrapped biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:1401-1408. [PMID: 24701938 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.869610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study employed entrapped biomass technology to augment the conventional activated sludge process with anoxic-oxic (AO)/anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A20) functions for the removal of total nitrogen (TN) from wastewater of a science and industrial park in Taiwan. The entrapped biomass unit was fabricated in the format of carrier plates on which microbial cells were entrapped. Due to mass transport limitations, anoxic and anaerobic conditions were created within the bioplates that enabled denitrification to occur. The treatment basin incorporated an equivalent amount of 1300-2400mg MLSS/L of activated sludge on the bioplates at packing ratios of 10-30% (volume ratio ofbioplates to basin) operating with the addition of sodium carbonate for alkalinity and methanol for the electron donor. The results showed nearly 90% of ammonia nitrogen being converted to nitrate and 63% of TN removal, in comparison with typically 10% of TN removal in traditional activated sludge process of domestic wastewater plants.
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Nitrogen removal in a full-scale domestic wastewater treatment plant with activated sludge and trickling filter. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 2013:504705. [PMID: 23710197 PMCID: PMC3655576 DOI: 10.1155/2013/504705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, more stringent effluent requirements concerning the nutrients effluent values have been imposed by legislation and social concern. In this study, efficiency of total nitrogen removal in activated sludge and trickling filter processes (AS/TF) was investigated in Tehran North wastewater treatment plant. Biological system in this site was included, anoxic selector tank, aeration tank, final sedimentation, and trickling filter. A part of treated wastewater before chlorination was mixed with supernatant of dewatered sludge and fed to the trickling filter. Supernatant of dewatered sludge with high concentration of NH4-N was diluted by treated wastewater to provide complete nitrification in trickling filter Produced nitrate in trickling filter was arrived to the anoxic tank and converted to nitrogen gas by denitrification. According to the study result, low concentration of organic carbone and high concentration of NH4-N led to nitrification in TF, then nitrate denitrification to nitrogen gas occurred in selector area. NH4-N concentration decreased from 26.8 mg/L to 0.29 mg/L in TF, and NO3-N concentration increased from 8.8 mg/L to 27 mg/L in TF. Consequently, the total nitrogen decreased approximately to 50% in biological process. This efficiency has been observed in returned flow around 24% from final sedimentation into TF. It was concluded that, in comparison with biological nutrient removal processes, this process is very efficient and simple.
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