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Villalpando DM, Gómez Rivas J, Flynn D, R de Bethencourt F, Ferrer M. Gonadal function protects against organ culture-induced vascular damage. Involvement of prostanoids. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 148:106406. [PMID: 31945460 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation induces vascular dysfunction in which altered release and action of prostanoids has been extensively studied. On the other hand, the vascular organ-culture system has been reported as a valid model for phenotypic changes that occur in several cardiovascular pathologies. Since there are no studies analyzing the impact of androgenic loss on vascular vulnerability during induced vascular damage, the objective of this study was to analyze the possible preventive role of male sex hormones on the organ culture-induced vascular damage in rat aorta. The link to possible changes in gross structure was also analyzed. For this purpose, fresh and 20 h-cultured aortic arterial segments from intact and orchidectomized rats were used to analyze: (i) the release and vasomotor effect of the thromboxane A2 (TXA2), prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGF2α and PGI2; (ii) the vasodilator response induced by acetylcholine (ACh) as well as the involvement of prostanoids, in particular TXA2, in the ACh-induced response; (iii) the effect of activation of thromboxane/prostaglandin (TP) receptors on the ACh-induced response; and (iv) the vascular structure. The results showed that organ culture: i) increased production of prostanoids; ii) increased prostanoids-induced vasomotor responses; iii) decreased ACh-induced relaxation after incubation with indomethacin, a blocker of cyclooxygenases; iv) increased the ACh-induced relaxation after incubation with the TXA2 synthase inhibitor, furegrelate, more in arteries from orchidectomized rats than in those of intact rats; v) diminished ACh-induced relaxation after U-46619 incubation only in arteries from orchidectomized rats; and vi) preserved the integrity of the different vascular layers. These results showed the protective role of male sex hormones against the induced vascular damage, since a decreased deleterious effect of prostanoids, in particular that of TXA2, was observed in arteries from rats with intact gonadal function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Gómez Rivas
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Flynn
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, UAM, Spain
| | - Fermín R de Bethencourt
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ferrer
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, UAM, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Kurnaz-Gomleksiz O, Akadam-Teker B, Bugra Z, Omer B, Yilmaz-Aydogan H. Genetic polymorphisms of the SHBG gene can be the effect on SHBG and HDL-cholesterol levels in Coronary Heart Disease: a case-control study. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4259-4269. [PMID: 31111369 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) level is positively associated with the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the SHBG gene variations (D356N, rs1799941, and P156L) on SHBG and HDL-C levels and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) risk. The SHBG D356 N (rs6259,G > A), P156L (rs6258,C > T), and rs1799941(G > A) polymorphisms were determined in 131 male CHD patients and 55 male controls by PCR-RFLP and real-time PCR techniques. SHGB levels were measured by Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). In the patients who had SHBG levels lower than threshold 35 nmol/l value, the risk of being HDL-C levels lower than threshold 0.90 mmol/l value was observed statistically significant (p = 0.017; OR 2.522, 95% CI 1.170-5.438). The rs1799941 GG was associated with increased CHD risk when compared with the A allele carriers (GA + AA) (p = 0.019, OR 2.222, 95% CI 1.130-4.371). In addition, the rs1799941 GG genotype and D356 N N allele were associated with lower SHBG in the CHD group (p < 0.01). The logistic regression analysis also revealed the rs1799941 GG genotype was significantly associated with low SHBG in CHD patients. It was observed that Haplotype-1(rs1799941 G allele-P156L P allele-D356 N D allele) was associated with increased CHD risk, while Haplotype-2 (rs1799941 rare A allele-P156L C allele- D356 N G allele) was correlated with the decreased CHD risk (p = 0.0167). Our findings suggest that there is a positive correlation between SHBG and HDL-C levels in CHD patients, and this association might be affected by SHBG gene variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Kurnaz-Gomleksiz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Vakıf Gureba C. Çapa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basak Akadam-Teker
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Vakıf Gureba C. Çapa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Zehra Bugra
- Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Omer
- Departments of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hulya Yilmaz-Aydogan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Vakıf Gureba C. Çapa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Villalpando DM, Rojas MM, García HS, Ferrer M. Dietary docosahexaenoic acid supplementation prevents the formation of cholesterol oxidation products in arteries from orchidectomized rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185805. [PMID: 28968462 PMCID: PMC5624632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone deficiency has been correlated with increased cardiovascular diseases, which in turn has been associated with increased oxidative stress. Several studies have considered cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) as oxidative stress biomarkers, since some of them play pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory roles. We have previously described the cardioprotective effects of a dosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplemented diet on the aortic and mesenteric artery function of orchidectomized rats. The aim of this study was to investigate whether impaired gonadal function alters the formation of COPs, as well as the potential preventive role of a DHA-supplemented diet on that effect. For this purpose, aortic and mesenteric artery segments obtained from control and orchidectomized rats, fed with a standard or supplemented with DHA, were used. The content of the following COPs: 7α-hydroxycholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, 5,6α-epoxycholesterol, 5,6β-epoxycholesterol, cholestanetriol and 25-hydroxycholesterol, were analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that orchidectomy increased the formation of COPs in arteries from orchidectomized rats, which may participate in the orchidectomy-induced structural and functional vascular alterations already reported. The fact that the DHA-supplemented diet prevented the orchidectomy-induced COPs increase confirms the cardiovascular protective actions of DHA, which could be of special relevance in mesenteric arterial bed, since it importantly controls the systemic vascular resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diva M. Villalpando
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mibsam M. Rojas
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Veracruz, México
| | - Hugo S. García
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Veracruz, México
- * E-mail: (MF); (HSG)
| | - Mercedes Ferrer
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (MF); (HSG)
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4
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Sanchez E, Pastuszak AW, Khera M. Erectile dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risks: facts and controversies. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:28-36. [PMID: 28217448 PMCID: PMC5313297 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2016.10.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the most common male sexual dysfunction, and shares many risk factors with systemic conditions including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). ED is considered to be an independent risk factor for CVD and can be a harbinger of future cardiovascular events. Given this relationship, each encounter for ED should be viewed by healthcare providers as an opportunity to screen for CVD and other comorbid conditions, including the MetS, that can significantly affect a man's overall health. While universally accepted screening guidelines are lacking, expert panels do recommend an approach to risk stratification in men with ED. In this review, we discuss the current state of understanding of the relationship between ED, the MetS, and CV risk, and how this impacts the approach to the patient presenting with ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Sanchez
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander W Pastuszak
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohit Khera
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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5
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Raheem OA, Su JJ, Wilson JR, Hsieh TC. The Association of Erectile Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Critical Review. Am J Mens Health 2016; 11:552-563. [PMID: 26846406 DOI: 10.1177/1557988316630305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite strong association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), there is a paucity of clear clinical guidelines detailing when and how to evaluate for ED in patients with known CVD, or vice versa. This systematic review discuss the role of cardiologists and urologists in the characterization of risk and management of CVD in the setting of ED, as well as contrasting the current evaluation of CVD and ED from the standpoint of published consensus statements. A comprehensive literature review utilizing MEDLINE®, the Cochrane Library® Central Search, and the Web of Science was performed to identify all published peer-reviewed articles in the English language describing ED and CVD across various disciplines. There is strong consensus that men with ED should be considered at high risk of CVD. Available risk assessment tools should be used to stratify the coronary risk score in each patient. The 2012 Princeton III Consensus Conference expanded on existing cardiovascular recommendations, proposing an approach to the evaluation and management of cardiovascular risk in men with ED and no known CVD. This systematic review highlights the similarities and differences of the existing clinical guidelines and recommendations regarding assessment and management of ED and CVD, as well as the pathophysiological linkage between ED and CVD, which may permit physicians, including urologists, to perform opportunistic screening and initiate secondary prophylaxis with regard to cardiovascular risk factors, particularly in young, nondiabetic men with ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer A Raheem
- 1 University of California, San Diego, Department of Urology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeannie J Su
- 2 Yale School of Medicine, Department of Urology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel R Wilson
- 3 University of California, San Diego, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tung-Chin Hsieh
- 1 University of California, San Diego, Department of Urology, San Diego, CA, USA
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6
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Villalpando DM, Navarro R, del Campo L, Largo C, Muñoz D, Tabernero M, Baeza R, Otero C, García HS, Ferrer M. Effect of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on the Participation of Vasodilator Factors in Aorta from Orchidectomized Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142039. [PMID: 26540339 PMCID: PMC4634962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) against cardiovascular diseases have been reported. Vascular tone regulation is largely mediated by endothelial factors whose release is modulated by sex hormones. Since the incidence of cardiovascular pathologies has been correlated with decreased levels of sex hormones, the aim of this study was to analyze whether a diet supplemented with the specific PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could prevent vascular changes induced by an impaired gonadal function. For this purpose, control and orchidectomized rats were fed with a standard diet supplemented with 5% (w/w) sunflower oil or with 3% (w/w) sunflower oil plus 2% (w/w) DHA. The lipid profile, the blood pressure, the production of prostanoids and nitric oxide (NO), and the redox status of biological samples from control and orchidectomized rats, fed control or DHA-supplemented diet, were analyzed. The vasodilator response and the contribution of NO, prostanoids and hyperpolarizing mechanisms were also studied. The results showed that orchidectomy negatively affected the lipid profile, increased the production of prostanoids and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased NO production and the antioxidant capacity, as well as the participation of hyperpolarizing mechanisms in the vasodilator responses. The DHA-supplemented diet of the orchidectomized rats decreased the release of prostanoids and ROS, while increasing NO production and the antioxidant capacity, and it also improved the lipid profile. Additionally, it restored the participation of hyperpolarizing mechanisms by activating potassium. Since the modifications induced by the DHA-supplemented diet were observed in the orchidectomized, but not in the healthy group, DHA seems to exert cardioprotective effects in physiopathological situations in which vascular dysfunction exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diva M. Villalpando
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Área Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Navarro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Área Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara del Campo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Área Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Largo
- Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Muñoz
- Gabinete Veterinario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Tabernero
- Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramiro Baeza
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Otero
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Ferrer
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Área Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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7
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Pongkan W, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Roles of Testosterone Replacement in Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2015; 21:27-43. [PMID: 26015457 DOI: 10.1177/1074248415587977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Testosterone is an anabolic steroid hormone, which is the major circulating androgen hormone in males. Testosterone levels decreasing below the normal physiological levels lead to a status known as androgen deficiency. Androgen deficiency has been shown to be a major risk factor in the development of several disorders, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and ischemic heart disease. In the past decades, although several studies from animal models as well as clinical studies demonstrated that testosterone exerted cardioprotection, particularly during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, other preclinical and clinical studies have shown an inverse relationship between testosterone levels and cardioprotective effects. As a result, the effects of testosterone replacement on the heart remain controversial. In this review, reports regarding the roles of testosterone replacement in the heart following I/R injury are comprehensively summarized and discussed. At present, it may be concluded that chronic testosterone replacement at a physiological dose demonstrated cardioprotective effects, whereas acute testosterone replacement can cause adverse effects in the I/R heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpitak Pongkan
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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8
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del Campo M, Sagredo A, del Campo L, Villalobo A, Ferrer M. Time-dependent effect of orchidectomy on vascular nitric oxide and thromboxane A2 release. Functional implications to control cell proliferation through activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102523. [PMID: 25013941 PMCID: PMC4094513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzes whether the release of nitric oxide (NO) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) depends on the time lapsed since gonadal function is lost, and their correlation with the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). For this purpose, aortic and mesenteric artery segments from control and 6-weeks or 5-months orchidectomized rats were used to measure NO and TXA2 release. The results showed that the basal and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced NO release were decreased 6 weeks post-orchidectomy both in aorta and mesenteric artery, but were recovered 5 months thereafter up to levels similar to those found in arteries from control rats. The basal and ACh-induced TXA2 release increased in aorta and mesenteric artery 6 weeks post-orchidectomy, and was maintained at high levels 5 months thereafter. Since we previously observed that orchidectomy, which decreased testosterone level, enlarged the muscular layer of mesenteric arteries, the effect of testosterone on VSMC proliferation was analyzed. The results showed that treatment of cultured VSMC with testosterone downregulated mitogenic signaling pathways initiated by the ligand-dependent activation of the EGFR. In contrast, the EGFR pathways were constitutively active in mesenteric arteries of long-term orchidectomized rats. Thus, the exposure of mesenteric arteries from control rats to epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced the activation of EGFR signaling pathways. However, the addition of EGF to arteries from orchidectomized rats failed to induce a further activation of these pathways. In conclusion, this study shows that the release of NO depends on the time lapsed since the gonadal function is lost, while the release of TXA2 is already increased after short periods post-orchidectomy. The alterations in these signaling molecules could contribute to the constitutive activation of the EGFR and its downstream signaling pathways after long period post-orchidectomy enhancing the proliferation of the vascular muscular layer.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylcholine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology
- ErbB Receptors/agonists
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Male
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Orchiectomy
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Testosterone/pharmacology
- Thromboxane A2/biosynthesis
- Thromboxane A2/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Tissue Culture Techniques
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta del Campo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sagredo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara del Campo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias IdIPAZ, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Villalobo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ferrer
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias IdIPAZ, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Wickramatilake CM, Mohideen MR, Withanawasam BPS, Pathirana C. Testosterone and high-sensitive C-reactive protein in coronary artery disease patients awaiting coronary artery bypass graft. Andrologia 2014; 47:493-8. [PMID: 24811768 DOI: 10.1111/and.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural androgens inhibit atherosclerosis in men. This study aimed to examine whether testosterone and high-sensitive C-reactive protein differ between patients with coronary artery disease and those without coronary artery disease and to determine the association with the severity of coronary artery disease. Two hundred and six male subjects were recruited. Serum total testosterone and high-sensitive C-reactive protein were estimated. Severity of coronary artery disease was assessed by angiographic scores. Total testosterone level in patients was significantly different from controls (11.4 ± 2.7 vs. 18.1 ± 7.2 nmP = 0.001) and high-sensitive protein level in cases was significantly higher compared to controls (3.37 ± 1.62 mg l(-1) vs. 1.71 ± 0.60 mg l(-1) , P = 0.001). Testosterone levels were not significantly different with vessel (P = 0.592), Leaman (P = 0.694) and Gensini (P = 0.329) score groups, but high-sensitive C-reactive protein showed significant positive correlation among the respective groups (P = 0.005, P = 0.028, P = 0.015). Testosterone was lower, while high-sensitive C-reactive protein was higher in patients compared to controls. Testosterone showed no correlation with the severity of atherosclerosis, but high-sensitive C-reactive protein showed significant positive correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wickramatilake
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
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10
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Su JJ, Park SK, Hsieh TM. The Effect of Testosterone on Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Mens Health 2014; 8:470-91. [DOI: 10.1177/1557988314522642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Testosterone is the principal male sex hormone and plays an important role in men’s health and well-being. Historically, testosterone was believed to adversely affect cardiovascular function. However, contemporary literature has refuted this traditional thinking; testosterone has been suggested to have a protective effect on cardiovascular function through its effects on the vascular system. Data from modern research indicate that hypogonadism is closely related to the development of various cardiovascular risk factors, including hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance. Several studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of testosterone supplementation therapy on reversing symptoms of hypogonadism and improving cardiovascular disease risk profiles. In this review, we perform a critical analysis on the association between testosterone and cardiovascular disease.
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11
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Cao J, Chen TM, Hao WJ, Li J, Liu L, Zhu BP, Li XY. Correlation between sex hormone levels and obesity in the elderly male. Aging Male 2012; 15:85-9. [PMID: 22452321 DOI: 10.3109/13685538.2012.666585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the levels of sex hormones and androgen receptor (AR) in elderly male patients and to explore a possible correlation with obesity. METHODS The cross-sectional study included 314 Elderly males (age ≥ 65 year). Of these subjects, 104 were healthy (age range 65-92 year; mean 71.38 ± 5.154 year), 74 were obese (65-87 year; 71.32 ± 4.74 year), and 111 were overweight (65-85 year; 71.43 ± 5.03 year). The following parameters were measured: total testosterone (TT), free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and AR. RESULTS (i) The levels of TT and SHBG in the obesity group were significantly lower than those in non-obese subjects. (ii) Body mass index (BMI) negatively correlated with TT and SHBG. (iii) Multiple regression analysis revealed that TT (β: -0.230; p = 0.045) and SHBG (β: -0.163; p = 0.02) were statistically correlated with BMI. CONCLUSION Testosterone levels in the obese population were significantly lower than in the non-obese population and there is a significant association between testosterone levels and the extent of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
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12
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Corona G, Rastrelli G, Monami M, Guay A, Buvat J, Sforza A, Forti G, Mannucci E, Maggi M. Hypogonadism as a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in men: a meta-analytic study. Eur J Endocrinol 2011; 165:687-701. [PMID: 21852391 DOI: 10.1530/eje-11-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify whether hypogonadism represents a risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and to verify whether testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) improves CV parameters in subjects with known CV diseases (CVDs). DESIGN Meta-analysis. METHODS An extensive Medline search was performed using the following words 'testosterone, CVD, and males'. The search was restricted to data from January 1, 1969, up to January 1, 2011. RESULTS Of the 1178 retrieved articles, 70 were included in the study. Among cross-sectional studies, patients with CVD have significantly lower testosterone and higher 17-β estradiol (E(2)) levels. Conversely, no difference was observed for DHEAS. The association between low testosterone and high E(2) levels with CVD was confirmed in a logistic regression model, after adjusting for age and body mass index (hazard ratio (HR)=0.763 (0.744-0.783) and HR=1.015 (1.014-1.017), respectively, for each increment of total testosterone and E(2) levels; both P<0.0001). Longitudinal studies showed that baseline testosterone level was significantly lower among patients with incident overall- and CV-related mortality, in comparison with controls. Conversely, we did not observe any difference in the baseline testosterone and E(2) levels between case and controls for incident CVD. Finally, TRT was positively associated with a significant increase in treadmill test duration and time to 1 mm ST segment depression. CONCLUSIONS Lower testosterone and higher E(2) levels correlate with increased risk of CVD and CV mortality. TRT in hypogonadism moderates metabolic components associated with CV risk. Whether low testosterone is just an association with CV risk, or an actual cause-effect relationship, awaits further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corona
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Cao J, Li J, Hao W, Li X, Wang H, Liu L, Zhu B, Guo Z. Correlation of sex hormone and androgen receptor with diabetes mellitus in elderly men. Aging Male 2011; 14:162-7. [PMID: 21574908 DOI: 10.3109/13685538.2011.575479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate sex hormone and androgen receptor (AR) levels and to evaluate their relationship with diabetes mellitus (DM) in senile men. METHODS The cross-sectional study included 492 elderly men comprising 104 healthy subjects (mean age 71.4 ± 5.2 years), 259 subjects without DM (71.5 ± 5.0 years) and 129 DM patients (73.0 ± 6.3 years). Plasma concentrations of total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol (E(2)), luteinising hormone) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined. AR-positive cells were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS TT concentrations were significantly lower in the DM group (13.8 ± 4.7 nmol/l) than in the healthy (17.1 ± 6.1 nmol/l) and non-diabetes groups (15.8 ± 6.0 nmol/l; all P < 0.01). FT, SHBG, AR-positive proportion (AR%) and AR fluorescence intensity showed a decreasing trend among the healthy, non-DM and DM groups, but the differences were not significant. TT, E(2), E(2)/testosterone and SHBG were negatively correlated with blood glucose. SHBG was positively correlated and TT and AR% were negatively correlated with the course of DM. Logistic multiple regression analysis revealed that age, waist/hip ratio, FSH, SHBG and AR% are potential risk factors for DM. CONCLUSIONS Low levels of TT, SHBG and AR may be potential risk factors for DM in elderly men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
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