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Mahomoodally MF, Coodian K, Hosenally M, Zengin G, Shariati MA, Abdalla AN, Alhazmi HA, Khuwaja G, Mohan S, Khalid A. Herbal remedies in the management of hyperuricemia and gout: A review of in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidences. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3370-3400. [PMID: 38655878 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Gout, or hyperuricemia is a multifactorial and multi-faceted metabolic disease that is quite difficult to manage and/or treat. Conventional therapies such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as allopurinol, corticosteroids and colchicine amongst others, have helped in its management and treatment to some extent. This study aimed to compile and analyze the different herbal remedies used in the management of hyperuricemia and gout. A literature search was conducted from key databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar) using relevant keywords via the PRISMA model. Smilax riparia A.DC. from Traditional Chinese Medicine is used in many countries for its therapeutic effect on lowering serum urate levels. No single study was able to establish the efficacy of a specific traditionally used herb via in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Patients were found to use a panoply of natural remedies, mainly plants to treat hyperuricemia and gout, which have been validated to some extent by in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Nonetheless, further research is needed to better understand the ethnopharmacological relationship of such herbal remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Kaisavadee Coodian
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Muzzammil Hosenally
- Department of Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Semey Branch of the Institute, Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gulrana Khuwaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
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Xu G, Wu L, Yang H, Liu T, Tong Y, Wan J, Han B, Zhou L, Hu X. Eupatilin inhibits xanthine oxidase in vitro and attenuates hyperuricemia and renal injury in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 183:114307. [PMID: 38052408 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) is the final metabolite of purines in the liver that can cause hyperuricemia at high levels. The kidneys are the main excretory organs for UA. The excessive accumulation of UA in the kidneys causes the development of hyperuricemia that often leads to renal injury. Eupatilin (Eup) is a flavonoid natural product that possesses various pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory. We were interested in exploring the potential role of Eup in lowering UA and nephroprotective. We initially investigated the effects of Eup on xanthin oxidase (XOD) activity in vitro, followed by investigating its ability to lower UA levels, anti-inflammatory effects, nephroprotective effects, and the underlying mechanisms using hyperuricemia rats sustained at high UA level. The results showed that Eup had an inhibitory effect on XOD activity in vitro and significantly reduced serum UA, creatinine, BUN, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in hyperuricemic rats, ameliorating inflammation, renal oxidative stress and pathological injury. Furthermore, Eup inhibited ADA and XOD enzyme activities in the liver and serum and modulated GLUT9, URAT1 and ABCG2 protein expression in the kidneys and ileum. Our findings provide a scientific basis for suggesting Eup as an option for a potential treatment for hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guitao Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Lele Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Hongxuan Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Tianfeng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ying Tong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jiliang Wan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Bin Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Xuguang Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Frazaei MH, Nouri R, Arefnezhad R, Pour PM, Naseri M, Assar S. A Review of Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals for the Management of Gout. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2024; 20:223-240. [PMID: 37828678 DOI: 10.2174/0115733971268037230920072503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Gout, characterized by elevated uric acid levels, is a common inflammatory joint disease associated with pain, joint swelling, and bone erosion. Existing treatments for gout often result in undesirable side effects, highlighting the need for new, safe, and cost-effective anti-gout drugs. Natural products, including medicinal plants and phytochemicals, have gained attention as potential sources of anti-gout compounds. In this review, we examined articles from 2000 to 2020 using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on the effectiveness of medicinal plants and phyto-chemicals in managing gout. Our findings identified 14 plants and nine phytochemicals with anti-gout properties. Notably, Teucrium polium, Prunus avium, Smilax riparia, Rhus coriaria, Foenic-ulum vulgare, Allium cepa, Camellia japonica, and Helianthus annuus exhibited the highest xa-thine oxidase inhibitory activity, attributed to their unique natural bioactive compounds such as phenolics, tannins, coumarins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Herbal plants and their phytochemicals have demonstrated promising effects in reducing serum urate and inhibiting xanthine. This review aims to report recent studies on plants/phytochemicals derived from herbs beneficial in gout and their different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Frazaei
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Nouri
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Arefnezhad
- Anatomical Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pardis Mohammadi Pour
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Naseri
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shirin Assar
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Ye X, Luo S, Chang X, Fang Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li H. Pseudognaphalium affine Extract Alleviates COPD by Inhibiting the Inflammatory Response via Downregulation of NF-κB. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238243. [PMID: 36500336 PMCID: PMC9737274 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease with limited therapeutic options. Pseudognaphalium affine (D. Don) Anderb. is a medicinal and edible plant used to treat cough, asthma, and COPD for a long time in folk medicine. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of Pseudognaphalium affine (D. Don) Anderb. extract (GAE) and investigate the possible underlying mechanism in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, the administration of GAE in a rat COPD model could significantly ameliorate lung damage and pulmonary function by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Western blot and real-time PCR results showed that GAE could suppress nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which indicated that GAE down-regulated the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, GAE protected against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced inflammatory response in BEAS-2B and inhibited the NF-κB pathway. All data suggested that GAE exhibited its anti-COPD effect by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may be associated with the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Ye
- Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shuping Luo
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xiaona Chang
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yaling Fang
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yaojun Liu
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Huang Li
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.L.)
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Zhu JX, Yang HY, Hu WQ, Cheng J, Liu Y, Yi LT, Cheng HY. Active components from Lagotis brachystachya maintain uric acid homeostasis by inhibiting renal TLR4-NLRP3 signaling in hyperuricemic mice. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1187-1200. [PMID: 34244900 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Lagotis brachystachya Maxim is a herb widely used in traditional Tibetan medicine. Our previous study indicated that total extracts from Lagotis brachystachya could lower uric acid levels. This study aimed to further elucidate the active components (luteolin, luteoloside and apigenin) isolated from Lagotis brachystachya and the underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that treatment with luteolin and luteoloside reversed the reduction of organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) levels, while apigenin attenuated the elevation of urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) levels in uric acid-treated HK-2 cells, which was consistent with the finding in the kidneys of potassium oxonate (PO)-induced mice. On the other hand, hepatic xanthine oxidase activity was inhibited by the components. In addition, all of these active components improved the morphology of the kidney in hyperuricemic mice. Moreover, molecular docking showed that luteolin, luteoloside and apigenin could bind Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). Congruently, western blot analysis showed that the components inhibited TLR4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)/NLRP3 signaling. In conclusion, these results indicated that luteolin, luteoloside and apigenin could attenuate hyperuricemia by decreasing the production and increasing the excretion of uric acid, which were mediated by inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xiao Zhu
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi province, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Yang
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi province, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qiong Hu
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi province, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian province, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi province, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian province, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Yu Cheng
- School of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi province, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao CP, Chen GY, Wang Y, Chen H, Yu JW, Yang FQ. Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Flavonoids by Polydopamine-Modified Hollow Fiber-Immobilized Xanthine Oxidase. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133931. [PMID: 34203179 PMCID: PMC8271864 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a polydopamine (PDA)-modified hollow fiber-immobilized xanthine oxidase (XOD) was prepared for screening potential XOD inhibitors from flavonoids. Several parameters for the preparation of PDA-modified hollow fiber-immobilized XOD, including the dopamine concentration, modification time, XOD concentration and immobilization time, were optimized. The results show that the optimal conditions for immobilized XOD activity were a dopamine concentration of 2.0 mg/mL in 10.0 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.5), a modification time of 3.0 h, an XOD concentration of 1000 μg/mL in 10.0 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) and an immobilization time of 3.0 h. Subsequently, the enzymatic reaction conditions such as the pH value and temperature were investigated, and the enzyme kinetics and inhibition parameters were determined. The results indicate that the optimal pH value (7.5) and temperature (37 °C) of the PDA-modified hollow fiber-immobilized XOD were consistent with the free enzyme. Moreover, the PDA-modified hollow fiber-immobilized XOD could still maintain above 50% of its initial immobilized enzyme activity after seven consecutive cycles. The Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of allopurinol on the immobilized XOD were determined as 0.25 mM and 23.2 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the PDA-modified hollow fiber-immobilized XOD was successfully applied to evaluate the inhibitory activity of eight flavonoids. Quercetin, apigenin, puerarin and epigallocatechin showed a good inhibition effect, and their percentages of inhibition were (79.86 ± 3.50)%, (80.98 ± 0.64)%, (61.15 ± 6.26)% and (54.92 ± 0.41)%, respectively. Finally, molecular docking analysis further verified that these four active compounds could bind to the amino acid residues in the XOD active site. In summary, the PDA-modified hollow fiber-immobilized XOD is an efficient method for the primary screening of XOD inhibitors from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Peng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (C.-P.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Guo-Ying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (C.-P.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (C.-P.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (C.-P.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Jia-Wen Yu
- Taiji Group Chongqing Fuling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chongqing 408000, China
- Correspondence: (J.-W.Y.); (F.-Q.Y.); Tel.: +86-139-8330-0448 (J.-W.Y.); +86-136-1765-0637 (F.-Q.Y.)
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (C.-P.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.-W.Y.); (F.-Q.Y.); Tel.: +86-139-8330-0448 (J.-W.Y.); +86-136-1765-0637 (F.-Q.Y.)
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Li C, Wang E, Elshikh MS, Alwahibi MS, Wang W, Wu G, Shen Y, Abbasi AM, Shan S. Extraction and purification of total flavonoids from Gnaphalium affine D. Don and their evaluation for free radicals’ scavenging and oxidative damage inhabitation potential in mice liver. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Abstract
Hyperuricaemia is characterised by a high level of urate in the blood. The crystallisation of urate is considered a critical risk factor for the development of gout. Allopurinol and febuxostat have been commonly used medications to decrease the circulating urate levels. However, the use of these drugs is associated with undesired side effects. Therefore, the development of a new active, safety anti-hyperuricaemic and anti-inflammatory drug could be useful in gout therapy and is highly justified. Natural products have become a source of new pharmaceuticals due to their strong efficacy with less side effects, which relies on the comprising of complex bioactive compounds. There are a growing number of studies purporting decreasing serum urate with traditional medicines. This article was aimed to review these studies and identify which extracts promote urate reduction, along with their different mechanisms.
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Antonella Carabajal MP, Perea MC, Isla MI, Zampini IC. The use of jarilla native plants in a Diaguita-Calchaquí indigenous community from northwestern Argentina: An ethnobotanical, phytochemical and biological approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112258. [PMID: 31574342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In northwestern Argentina inhabit several ancient indigenous communities with diverse cultural and historical background. Geographical isolation has contributed to the prevalence of a native plant-based folk medicine; "jarilla" species are medicinal plants widely used in local communities for the treatment of mycosis, respiratory, gastrointestinal and rheumatic disorders. THE AIM OF THE STUDY To assemble the traditional knowledge acquired through years with scientific data concerning to phytochemistry, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of three "jarillas" species. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ethnobotanical data of three "jarillas", Zuccagnia punctata (Zp), Larrea cuneifolia (Lc), and Larrea divaricata (Ld), were explored by interviewing native people from Indigenous Community of Amaicha del Valle, Tucumán. Phenolic profiles from each infusion were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity was determined by superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity, lipoperoxidation inhibition, and ferrous iron chelating activity. It was also assessed their ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes, such as xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase, and hyaluronidase. RESULTS Ethnobotanical interviews showed that local people use "jarillas" mainly as infusions and baths. It was reported different categories of uses, such as medicinal (10 curative applications), to religious purposes, tinctorial, as construction material and as fuel. From infusions prepared, the MS and MS/MS data allowed the identification of 27 compounds from Z. punctata, and 11 from both Larrea sp. The infusions showed an important antioxidant activity through different mechanisms, highlighting Zp and Lc in free radical scavenging capacity and Ld on lipid peroxidation inhibition and iron binding. They were also capable of inhibit xanthine oxidase and lipoxygenase enzymes, being Lc the most active one. CONCLUSIONS This research work provides novel information concerning to several categories of traditional uses of "jarilla" species in a Diaguita-Calchaquí community and focus attention to infusions from a phytochemical and biological approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Patricia Antonella Carabajal
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - María Cristina Perea
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - María Inés Isla
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Iris Catiana Zampini
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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10
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Nageen B, Sarfraz I, Rasul A, Hussain G, Rukhsar F, Irshad S, Riaz A, Selamoglu Z, Ali M. Eupatilin: a natural pharmacologically active flavone compound with its wide range applications. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:1-16. [PMID: 29973097 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1492565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Eupatilin (5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',6-trimethoxyflavone) is a pharmacologically active flavone which has been isolated from a variety of medicinal plants. Eupatilin is known to possess various pharmacological properties such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory. It is speculated that eupatilin could be subjected to structural optimization for the synthesis of derivative analogs to reinforce its efficacy, to minimize toxicity, and to optimize absorption profiles, which will ultimately lead towards potent drug candidates. Although, reported data acclaim multiple pharmacological activities of eupatilin but further experimentations on its molecular mechanism of action are yet mandatory to elucidate full spectrum of its pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Nageen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Sarfraz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Physiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Rukhsar
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Somia Irshad
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad (Sub-campus Layyah), Layyah 31200, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Riaz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Campus 51240, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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11
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Mehmood A, Ishaq M, Zhao L, Safdar B, Rehman AU, Munir M, Raza A, Nadeem M, Iqbal W, Wang C. Natural compounds with xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity: A review. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 93:387-418. [PMID: 30403440 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA), a disease due to an elevation of body uric acid level and responsible for various diseases such as gout, cardiovascular disorders, and renal failure, is a major ground debate for the medical science these days. Considering the risk factors linked with allopathic drugs for the treatment of this disease, the debate has now become a special issue. Previously, we critically discussed the role of dietary polyphenols in the treatment of HUA. Besides dietary food plants, many researchers figure out the tremendous effects of medicinal plants-derived phytochemicals against HUA. Keeping in mind all these aspects, we reviewed all possible managerial studies related to HUA through medicinal plants (isolated compounds). In the current review article, we comprehensively discussed various bioactive compounds, chemical structures, and structure-activity relationship with responsible key enzyme xanthine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Ishaq
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Bushra Safdar
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Ashfaq-Ur Rehman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Masooma Munir
- Food Science Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Iqbal
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Begas E, Kilindris T, Kouvaras E, Tsioutsioumi A, Kouretas D, Asprodini EK. Dietary effects of Sideritis scardica "mountain tea" on human in vivo activities of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in healthy subjects. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:38-48. [PMID: 30266316 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Sideritis scardica(S. scardica) is an endemic plant of the Balkan Peninsula traditionally used as herbal tea for inflammation and gastric disorders. Aqueous herbal extracts may affect the activity of Phase I and II enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether S. scardica decoction alters the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, XO, NAT2 and UGT1A1/1A6 enzymes in humans. Fourteen healthy subjects consumed S. scardica decoction for six days. Enzyme phenotyping was assessed in saliva and urine using caffeine and paracetamol metabolite ratios as follows: CYP1A2: 17X/137X (saliva) and (AFMU+1U+1X)/17U, CYP2A6: 17U/(17U + 17X), XO: 1U/(1U+1X), NAT2: AFMU/(AFMU+1U+1X) and UGT1A1/1A6: glucuronidated/total paracetamol (urine). After S. scardica intake, CYP1A2 index was reduced by ∼16% and ∼8% in saliva (before: 0.54 ± 0.18, after: 0.46 ± 0.09; p = 0.08) and urine (before: 3.59 ± 0.52, after: 3.67 ± 0.78; p = 0.12), respectively. CYP2A6 index was significantly reduced only in males (before: 0.76 ± 0.08, after: 0.67 ± 0.07; p = 0.004), suggesting sexual dimorphism in CYP2A6 inhibition. There was no effect of Sideritis scardica treatment on XO, NAT2 or UGT1A1/1A6 indices. Usual consumption of the aerial parts of S. scardica decoction is unlikely to result in herb-drug interactions involving the enzymes studied, with the exception of potential herb-CYP2A6 substrate interaction in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Begas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Thomas Kilindris
- Laboratory of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Evangelos Kouvaras
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Agoritsa Tsioutsioumi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology - Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Eftihia K Asprodini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.
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Zhang W, Wu CZ, Fan SY. Chemical constituents from Gnaphalium affine and their xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:347-353. [PMID: 29860995 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gnaphalium affine D. Don, a medicinal and edible plant, has been used to treat gout in traditional Chinese medicine and popularly consumed in China for a long time. A detailed phytochemical investigation on the aerial part of G. affine led to the isolation of two new esters of caffeoylquinic acid named (-) ethyl 1, 4-di-O-caffeoylquinate (1) and (-) methyl 1, 4-di-O-caffeoylquinate (2), together with 35 known compounds (3-37). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data and first-order multiplet analysis. All the isolated compounds were tested for their xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity with an in vitro enzyme inhibitory screening assay. Among the tested compounds, 1 (IC50 11.94 μmol·L-1) and 2 (IC50 15.04 μmol·L-1) showed a good inhibitory activity. The current results supported the medical use of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China; Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chun-Zhen Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China; Sinopharm Health Industry Research Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Si-Yang Fan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China; Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China.
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14
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Jiang Y, Lin Y, Hu YJ, Song XJ, Pan HH, Zhang HJ. Caffeoylquinic acid derivatives rich extract from Gnaphalium pensylvanicum willd. Ameliorates hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis in animal model. Altern Ther Health Med 2017. [PMID: 28623927 PMCID: PMC5474058 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Gnaphalium pensylvanicum willd. is used in China as a folk medicine to treat anti-inflammatory, cough and rheumatism arthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the extract of G. pensylvanicum to treat hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis in animal model. METHODS G. pensylvanicum extract was evaluated in an experimental model with potassium oxonate (PO) induced hyperuricemia in mice which was used to evaluate anti-hyperuricemia activity and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition. Therapies for acute gouty arthritis was also investigated on monosodium urate (MSU) crystal induced paw edema model. RESULTS G. pensylvanicum extract showed activity in reducing serum uric acid (Sur) through effect renal glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and urate transporter 1 (URAT1) mainly and inhibited XO activity in vivo of mice with PO induced hyperuricemia. The extract of G. pensylvanicum also showed significant anti-inflammatory activity and reduced the paw swelling on MSU crystal-induced paw edema model. Meanwhile, 13 caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and 1 flavone were identified by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS as the main active component of G. pensylvanicum. CONCLUSIONS The extract of G. pensylvanicum showed significant effect on evaluated models and therefore may be active agents for the treatment of hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis.
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Zhang HJ, Li LN, Zhou J, Yang QQ, Liu PG, Xu P, Liang WQ, Cheng L, Zhang YQ, Pu JB, Hu YJ. Effects of Gnaphalium affine D. Don on hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 203:304-311. [PMID: 28390941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Gnaphalium affine D. Don is used in China as a folk medicine to treat gout, anti-inflammatory, antitussive and expectorant activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the extract of G. affine to treat hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis in animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS G. affine extract was evaluated in an experimental model with potassium oxonate (PO) induced hyperuricemia in mice which was used to evaluate anti-hyperuricemia activity and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition. Therapies for acute gouty arthritis was also investigated on monosodium urate (MSU) crystal induced paw edema model. RESULTS G. affine extract showed expressive results on active in reducing serum uric acid (Sur) through effect renal mGLUT9 and mURAT1 mainly and inhibit XO activity in vivo. The extract of G. affine also showed significant anti-inflammatory activity and reduced the paw swelling on MSU crystal-induced paw edema model. Meanwhile, eight major compounds were identified by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. CONCLUSIONS The extract of G. affine showed significant effect on evaluated models and therefore may be active agents for the treatment of hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Ling-Nan Li
- Pharmacy department, Ankang people's Hospital, Jiangbei Road, Ankang 725000, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Qin-Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Pei-Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Pan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Wei-Qing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Ying-Qi Zhang
- Chia-tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210005, PR China
| | - Jin-Bao Pu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Yi-Juan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China.
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Abstract
Flavonoids, a group of natural substances with variable phenolic structures, are found in fruits, vegetables, grains, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea and wine. These natural products are well known for their beneficial effects on health and efforts are being made to isolate the ingredients so called flavonoids. Flavonoids are now considered as an indispensable component in a variety of nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, medicinal and cosmetic applications. This is attributed to their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic properties coupled with their capacity to modulate key cellular enzyme function. Research on flavonoids received an added impulse with the discovery of the low cardiovascular mortality rate and also prevention of CHD. Information on the working mechanisms of flavonoids is still not understood properly. However, it has widely been known for centuries that derivatives of plant origin possess a broad spectrum of biological activity. Current trends of research and development activities on flavonoids relate to isolation, identification, characterisation and functions of flavonoids and finally their applications on health benefits. Molecular docking and knowledge of bioinformatics are also being used to predict potential applications and manufacturing by industry. In the present review, attempts have been made to discuss the current trends of research and development on flavonoids, working mechanisms of flavonoids, flavonoid functions and applications, prediction of flavonoids as potential drugs in preventing chronic diseases and future research directions.
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Dong Y, Huang H, Zhao M, Sun-Waterhouse D, Lin L, Xiao C. Mechanisms underlying the xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects of dietary flavonoids galangin and pinobanksin. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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18
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Lai CS, Wu JC, Ho CT, Pan MH. Disease chemopreventive effects and molecular mechanisms of hydroxylated polymethoxyflavones. Biofactors 2015; 41:301-13. [PMID: 26453173 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent increasing attention in research of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) from Citrus genus because of their wide range of biological properties has been reported in various studies. Hydroxylated PMFs are unique flavones and recognized as the methoxy group of PMFs that is substituted for hydroxyl one. Hydroxylated PMFs are naturally existed in citrus peel and other plants as well as occurred as metabolites of their PMFs counterparts. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have documented the chemopreventive effects of hydroxylated PMFs including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-atherosclerosis, and neuroprotection. They function to regulate cell death, proliferation, differentiation, repair, and metabolism through acting on modulation of signaling cascade, gene transcription, and protein function and enzyme activity. The mechanisms of action of hydroxylated PMFs in disease chemoprevention depend on their structure, the number, and position of hydroxyl group. Although the efficacy of hydroxylated PMFs in chemoprevention and the oral bioavailability requires further investigation, they still provide great promise for improving human health. This review highlights the recent published data of hydroxylated PMFs with chemopreventive potential and the underlying mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Shu Lai
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ching Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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