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Khanal P, Khanal P, Paudel S, Pokhrel A, Chapagain S. Paraneoplastic movement disorder due to suspected metastatic Leiomyosarcoma of tongue: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8648. [PMID: 38464567 PMCID: PMC10920308 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraneoplastic movement disorders, though rare, can be the initial symptoms of malignancies like leiomyosarcoma, as in our case. Clinicians should keep malignancies in their differential diagnosis in cases of unexplained movement abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Khanal
- Department of Internal MedicineTrinity Health Ann Arbor HospitalYpsilantiMichiganUSA
| | | | - Sandip Paudel
- Institute of MedicineTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Ashbita Pokhrel
- Department of Anatomic and Clinical PathologyWilliam Beaumont HospitalRoyal OakMichiganUSA
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Stoyanov GS. Lingual Leiomyosarcoma: A Histopathological Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e32717. [PMID: 36686144 PMCID: PMC9851846 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasms originating from smooth muscle cells. Although leiomyosarcoma is commonly located in the female reproductive system, gastrointestinal tract, and subcutaneous tissues, it is a rare entry in the head and neck area, probably due to the scarcity of smooth muscle tissue in this topographical region. Herein we present a histopathological case report of a 60-year-old male with a slow-growing painless mass on the middle third of the right lateral lingual margin, with focal ulceration measuring 1x1.5cm. After gross excision, histopathology revealed pleomorphic spindle cells, some with bizarre nuclei and abundant pathological mitotic activity with a tendency to grow in a fascicular pattern. As the patient had the demographic characteristic and risk factors for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, a spindle-shaped variety (sarcomatoid) variety was suspected, and immunohistochemistry with a broad set of antibodies was used to prove the histogenetic group of the tumor. As the tumor was pan-cytokeratin and desmin negative, focally positive for caldesmon, and positive for smooth muscle actin, the diagnosis of pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma of the tongue was established.
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Correia Neto IJ, Cunha JLS, de Oliveira CE, de Almeida OP, Aciole GTDS, Freitas MMD, Albuquerque-Júnior RLCD. A recurrent leiomyosarcoma of the buccal mucosa: An immunohistochemistry study and literature review. Oral Oncol 2021; 120:105257. [PMID: 33722494 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma is a rare type of cancer that affects smooth muscle tissue. Leiomyosarcomas are exceedingly rare in the oral cavity, particularly in the buccal mucosa. The diagnosis is challenging due to non-specific clinical features and significant overlap of morphological findings with several spindle cell tumors. We reported the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of a rare recurrent case of leiomyosarcoma in a 73-year-old female presenting clinically as a painful nodule on the posterior right buccal mucosa. Microscopically, the lesion showed atypical spindle cells arranged in a fascicular pattern and frequent mitotic figures. Immunohistochemistry showed strong positivity for vimentin, α-SMA, HHF35, h-caldesmon, and focal positivity for desmin. CD34 highlighted numerous blood vessels distributed throughout all tumor stroma. S-100 protein, myogenin, and pan-cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) were negative. Surgical excision followed by chemotherapy was carried out, and no recurrence was observed after 1 year of follow-up. Careful histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis of these lesions is essential to ensure a correct diagnosis. Early surgical excision with tumor-free margins and prolonged follow-up is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan José Correia Neto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - John Lennon Silva Cunha
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Morphology and Experimental Pathology, Institute of Technology and Research, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Oslei Paes de Almeida
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Margarite Maria Delmondes Freitas
- Laboratory of Morphology and Experimental Pathology, Institute of Technology and Research, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, SE, Brazil
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4
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Choi YS, Almansoori AA, Jung TY, Lee JI, Kim SM, Lee JH. Leiomyosarcoma of the jaw: case series. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 46:275-281. [PMID: 32855375 PMCID: PMC7469964 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2020.46.4.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm that affects smooth muscle tissue and it is very rare in the field of oral and maxillofcial surgery. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on diagnosis of and treatment methods for leiomyosarcoma by retrospectively reviewing of the cases. Patients and Methods The study included nine patients who were diagnosed with leiomyosarcoma in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Seoul National University Dental Hospital. The subjects were analyzed with respect to sex, age, clinical features, primary site of disease, treatment method, recurrence, and metastasis. Results Particular clinical features included pain, edema, mouth-opening limitations, dysesthesia, and enlarged lymph nodes. All cases except one were surgically treated, and recurrence was found in two cases. Four of nine patients were followed up without recurrence and one patient underwent additional surgery due to recurrence. Conclusion In our case series, notable symptoms included pain, edema, mouth-opening limitations, and dysesthesia; however, it was difficult to label these as specific symptoms of leiomyosarcoma. Considering the aggressive characteristics of the disease and poor prognosis, surgical treatment is necessary with careful consideration of postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Suk Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Akram Abdo Almansoori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Oral Cancer Center, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Jung
- Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae-Il Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soung Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Oral Cancer Center, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Oral Cancer Center, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
This clinicopathologic study of primary oral leiomyosarcoma of the buccal mucosa involves a literature review of 15 cases with the addition of our report of a case. The demographic details, tumor size, treatment and outcome are documented for all the cases. In addition, this review examines the histologic features of leiomyosarcoma while noting that differentiation from other spindle cell tumors can be challenging, underscoring the necessity of an immunohistochemical work up for an accurate diagnosis. The unpredictability of the clinical behavior of these aggressive tumors requires, at the very least, wide local surgical excision and prolonged follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene M. Ko
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eSchool of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Jonathan B. McHugh
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eDepartment of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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Viviano M, Miracco C, Lorenzini G, Baldino G, Cocca S. Gingival Leiomyosarcoma in a Young Woman: Case report and literature review. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2018; 17:e472-e476. [PMID: 29372093 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2017.17.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare mesenchymal malignancy, of which 3-10% of cases occur in the head and neck region. We report a 22-year-old woman who was referred to the University Hospital of Siena, Italy, in 2016 with an ostensibly benign asymptomatic lump on the mandibular gingiva. The lesion grew rapidly, causing otalgia in the right ear. An excisional biopsy was performed and primary LMS was diagnosed histologically. Subsequently, the patient underwent radical re-excision of the perilesional mucosa, a partial bone resection and the extraction of four teeth. No recurrences or metastases were detectable at a 20-month follow-up. This report discusses the differential diagnosis of LMS with regards to other benign and malignant lesions and reviews the recent literature on primary and secondary oral LMS. Due to its innocuous clinical features-including its asymptomatic nature and presentation at a young age-this aggressive malignancy can go undetected; therefore, an early histopathological diagnosis is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Viviano
- Department of Dentistry & Ophthalmology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Clelia Miracco
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Lorenzini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gennaro Baldino
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Serena Cocca
- Department of Ear, Nose & Throat, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Kenea TT, Kebede BA, Gozjuze FM, Kiros H, Wilde F. Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Mandibular Alveolar Mucosa of a 12-Year-Old Child from Ethiopia: A Case Report. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2017; 10:56-59. [PMID: 28210409 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1582459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) are rare malignant mesenchymal tumors which show smooth-muscle differentiation. Most LMSs involving the oral tissues primarily affect the maxillary sinus, the maxillary or mandibular bone. We present a case of LMS of the mandibular alveolar mucosa, arising in a 12-year-old male child from Ethiopia. A malignant spindle cell-like neoplasm was diagnosed on clinical and radiographic findings as well as on incisional biopsy. The tumor was resected with wide margins. The following histopathologic examination with additional immunohistochemical studies secured the diagnosis LMS. Microscopically, the spindle-shaped tumor cells were arranged in an interlacing fascicular pattern and contained oval to elongated, blunt-ended (cigar-shaped) nuclei. The immunohistochemical examination showed immunoreactive tumor cells for vimentin, actin, desmin, and H-caldesmon, which is pathognomonic for LMS. Immunohistochemical studies are mandatory to differentiate the LMS from other similar spindle cell neoplastic lesions. Radical resection with safety margins and a lifelong periodic follow-up has to be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Tefera Kenea
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Betel Abebe Kebede
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Hagos Kiros
- Department of Pathology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Frank Wilde
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Academic Hospital Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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8
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Leiomyosarcoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland: A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Otolaryngol 2016; 2016:9795785. [PMID: 27672466 PMCID: PMC5031836 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9795785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is only one previously reported incident in the English literature of sarcoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid and there are only 8 cases of primary parotid leiomyosarcoma. In our case, a 79-year-old female patient presented to our care with left preauricular pain, swelling, and facial weakness. After CT imaging, she underwent left total parotidectomy. A spindle cell lesion was identified intraoperatively and the facial nerve was sacrificed. Subsequent analysis of the lesion yielded a diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. After 30 fractions of radiation therapy, scans were negative for tumor. However, 18 months after first experiencing symptoms, she was found to have metastases to the brainstem and lung. When diagnosing sarcoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland, it is important to perform thorough immunohistochemical staining and exclude a previous history of sarcoma or other sources of metastases. Complete resection is critical due to the tumor's local aggressiveness and metastatic potential. Although these tumors are not very responsive to chemotherapy or radiation, adjuvant treatment is commonly used when margins are unclear.
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Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a malignancy which very rarely occurs in maxillofacial location, and the course of the disease is not very characteristic.In this case report, we present a 58-year-old female patient with a painless tumor of the left angle of the mandible causing slight asymmetry of the face. She also reported that she observed deterioration in fitting of the lower denture in the oral cavity for several months, which she had used successfully for 5 years.On the basis of clinical tests, histopatological examination, and imaging (CT, MRI, ultrasound, pantomography), the patient was diagnosed with primary malignant leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the mandibular corpus and ramus on the left side. The patient received combined surgical and oncological treatment. The first stage was a surgery, and then adjuvant radiotherapy was applied on the site of the resected tumor-a total dose of 60 Gy in 35 fractions. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. She also underwent adjuvant therapy well. In the period of 3-year follow-up, no signs of recurrence were observed.The findings may extend our knowledge and experiences in the treatment of leiomvosarcoma in the craniofacial area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumił Lewandowski
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Fr. Chopin Clinical Voivodeship Hospital
- Chair of Emergency Medical Service, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Rzeszow
| | - Robert Brodowski
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Fr. Chopin Clinical Voivodeship Hospital
| | - Paweł Pakla
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Fr. Chopin Clinical Voivodeship Hospital
- Correspondence: Paweł Pakla, Clinical Voivodeship Hospital, Rzeszow, Podkarpackie, Poland (e-mail: )
| | - Wojciech Stopyra
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Fr. Chopin Clinical Voivodeship Hospital
| | - Iwona Gawron
- Department of Radiotherapy, Subcarpathian Oncology Centre, Rzeszow, Poland
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El Jahd L, Barhmi I, Tazi N, Rouadi S, Abada R, Roubal M, Janah A, Mahtar M. [Leiomyosarcoma of the tongue: about a case]. Pan Afr Med J 2015; 22:8. [PMID: 26600908 PMCID: PMC4643156 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.22.8.5208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Le léiomyosarcome primitif de la langue est une tumeur rare qui se développe aux dépens des fibres musculaires lisses. Le diagnostic est souvent difficile, fondé sur des caractéristiques immuno-histologiques particulières. L'objectif de ce travail est de décrire le profil épidémiologique, clinique, thérapeutique et évolutif du léiomyosarcome à travers un cas et une revue de la littérature. Nous rapportons le cas d'un homme âgé de 26 ans, sans antécédents pathologique particuliers, consultant pour une tuméfaction de la langue mobile évoluant depuis 2 ans. Une biopsie de la masse a été réalisée. L’étude anatomopathologique et immunohistochimique a confirmé le diagnostic d'un léiomyosarcome de la langue. L'IRM de la langue a objectivé un processus lesionnel intéressant la portion mobile et antérieur de la langue. Une exérèse de la masse a été réalisée. L'examen histologique a montré la présence d'un large néoplasme de 6 cm compatible à un léiomyosarcome peu différencié de la langue, de garde II selon la Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC). Une radiothérapie externe sur la cavité buccale avec une dose de 65 Gy a été réalisée. Le patient a présenté 2 mois après la fin du traitement une adénopathie latéro-cervicale haute gauche (territoire II), il a bénéficié d'un curage ganglionnaire fonctionnel intéressant les territoires I, II et III puis réadressé en radiothérapie. Le léiomyosarcome de la langue est très rare surtout chez le sujet jeune. La chirurgie et la radiothérapie sont les armes thérapeutiques majeures. Le pronostic est très mauvais, Les facteurs les plus importants sont les marges d'exérèse et le grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahcen El Jahd
- Service d'ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital 20 Août 1953, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Ismail Barhmi
- Service d'ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital 20 Août 1953, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Nabil Tazi
- Service d'ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital 20 Août 1953, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Sami Rouadi
- Service d'ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital 20 Août 1953, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Reda Abada
- Service d'ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital 20 Août 1953, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Mohammed Roubal
- Service d'ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital 20 Août 1953, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Abdelaziz Janah
- Service d'ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital 20 Août 1953, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Mohammed Mahtar
- Service d'ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital 20 Août 1953, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc
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Rapidis AD. Sarcomas of the head and neck in adult patients: current concepts and future perspectives. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 8:1271-97. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.8.8.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Nagpal DKJ, Prabhu PR, Shah A, Palaskar S. Leimyosarcoma of the buccal mucosa and review of literature. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2013; 17:149. [PMID: 23798856 PMCID: PMC3687178 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.110732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an uncommon malignant spindle cell tumor of the head and neck region. The occurrence is particularly rare in the buccal mucosa of the oral cavity. It is a rapidly growing tumor with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Method: This article presents a rare case of primary leimyosarcoma of the buccal mucosa in a 35 year old female and retrospective analysis of primary oral LMS published in the English literature since past 20 years is done. Diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry profile showing positivity for vimentin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), high proliferative index displayed by Ki-67, focal positivity for pan-CK and negativity for S-100. Conclusion: Based on the presence of malignant spindle cells showing positivity for vimentin and SMA, a diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar J Nagpal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Maharashtra, India
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Croce A, Moretti A, Laus M, Crescenzi D. Leiomyosarcoma of the base of the tongue and free edge of the epiglottis: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2012; 6:400. [PMID: 23176176 PMCID: PMC3533892 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-6-400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We present the case of a man with a leiomyosarcoma of the base of the tongue. We feel this case is important as this kind of pathology, though rare, can occur at a site where carcinomas are more frequent. Case presentation A 77-year-old Caucasian man had been reporting difficulty in swallowing and hoarseness for a month before admission to our department. After several preliminary tests, including a biopsy which was positive for a malignant epithelial neoplasm which required further immunohistochemical study, we decided to operate, removing the base of our patient’s tongue and performing a total laryngectomy. Histological examination of the specimen revealed a high-grade leiomyosarcoma of the base of the tongue and of the free edge of the epiglottis. Conclusions We wish to stress the rarity of this clinical case, related to the site of implantation of the tumor, as confirmed by the difficulties in finding reference to this topic in the international literature. In fact, several cases of leiomyosarcoma have been described, but in different locations from that seen in our patient’s case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelchi Croce
- ENT Department, University 'G, D'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Hospital 'SS, Annunziata', Via dei Vestini, Chieti, 66100, Italy.
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Ahn JH, Mirza T, Ameerally P. Leiomyosarcoma of the Tongue With Multiple Metastases: A Case Report and Review of Literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 70:1745-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.06.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yan B, Li Y, Pan J, Xia H, Li LJ. Primary oral leiomyosarcoma: a retrospective clinical analysis of 20 cases. Oral Dis 2010; 16:198-203. [PMID: 20374505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As a review and clinical analysis of primary oral leiomyosarcoma (LMS) cases in West China stomatology Hospital in the past 37 years, this study provides demographic, therapeutic and prognostic information of this rare tumor. PATIENTS AND METHODS In our study, 20 cases of primary oral LMS treated between 1972 and 2008 in West China Stomatology Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. A thorough review of clinical records was carried out and potential indicators of survival were analyzed. RESULTS The most common symptom of oral LMS presented as a painless mass. The median age of patients was 37 years, and the peak incidence age of this tumor was in the 2nd and 5th decades. There was no predilection of gender, and the male-to-female ratio was 11:9. The most frequently occurring site of oral leiomysarcoma was the jawbones. The prognosis of this tumor was poor as a result of the high local recurrence and the estimated 2 year survival was 17.6%. The bony involvement and method of therapy was observed to have an influence on the prognosis and survival of this tumor (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION There was a predilection site of jawbones for oral LMS, and bony involvement was a potential indicator suggesting a poorer prognosis. The recommended method of therapy on this tumor was aggressive, radical surgical resection; however, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy may also have a beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Pires CAS, Pires LFS, Faber PA. A primary leiomyosarcoma of the lateral border of the tongue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 109:e31-3. [PMID: 20123397 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are rare malignant neoplasms (about 1% of all malignances). The leiomyosarcoma of the tongue is a very rare tumor with only 9 cases described in the literature. This article describes a case report of a primary leiomyosarcoma of the lateral border of the tongue treated with local excision that has been free of recurrence for 4 years. Also described in this article is a new technique to stabilize the tongue during surgery.
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17
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Grabowska SZ, Zimnoch L, Hubert E, Duraj E, Wincewicz-Pietrzykowska A. [Radiation induced leiomyosarcoma. Review of literature and case report]. Otolaryngol Pol 2008; 61:744-9. [PMID: 18552011 DOI: 10.1016/s0030-6657(07)70517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Post-irradiation sarcomas of head and neck appear seldom, and among them leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is exceptionally rare. 11 cases of this tumour, associated with previous irradiation and situated in this anatomical area have been described so far. The aim of this study was to describe 56 year-old patient with LMS and to compare this case with the others described in the literature. What brought our attention were scanty clinical symptoms coexisted with extensive radiological changes. Radiotherapy can give rise to the development of LMS in different moments of time after the treatment of primary tumor has been finished. In this aspect patients who undergone radiotherapy in the early stage of live and who are more susceptible to this kind of treatment should be followed up more closely and carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Grabowska
- Klinika Chirurgii Szczekowo-Twarzowej Akademii Medycznej w Białymstoku
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18
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Morawska A, Składzień J. [Laryngeal leiomyosarcoma in clinical cases of the Otolaryngology Departament in the University Hospital of Krakow]. Otolaryngol Pol 2008; 62:27-30. [PMID: 18637417 DOI: 10.1016/s0030-6657(08)70204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leiomyosarcoma is a malign neoplasm coming from the non-epithelial tissue. It rarely developes in the larynx. 0,5-1% of all of the neoplasm of the larynx is leiomyosarcoma. It usually developes in the age of 40-70 and mostly effects men. AIMS Improvement of the therapy of patients with leiomyosarcoma of the larynx. MATERIAL AND METHODS The analysis of the medical documentation of the 5 patients with the diagonosis of leiomyosarcoma laryngis treated in Otorhinolaryngologic Clinic UJ in 1996-2006 was performed. The procedures and effects of the therapy were analized. RESULTS In this particular period of time 11 patients was operated because of the sarcoma of the larynx. In this group there were 5 cases of leiomyosarcoma, 4 cases of chodrosarcoma and 1 case of agniomyxofibrosarcoma and 1 case of sarcomy synoviale. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the material of the Clinic the frequency of these tumors was estimated and the therapeutic procedure including widening of the surgical indications for the partial laryngectomy and narrowing the indications for nodular surgery of the neck was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Morawska
- Katedra i Klinika Otolaryngologii Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie
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19
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Rodini CO, Pontes FSC, Pontes HAR, Santos PSDS, Magalhães MG, Pinto DS. Oral leiomyosarcomas: report of two cases with immunohistochemical profile. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 104:e50-5. [PMID: 17706443 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma of the oral cavity is a very rare tumor associated with aggressive clinical behavior and low survival. In this paper, we report 2 cases of leiomyosarcoma, affecting the gingival mucosa of a 54-year-old female and the maxillary bone of a 63-year-old male. Histologically, the tumors were composed of variably oriented fascicles of spindle-shaped cells with cigar-shaped nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm. The lesions were treated by surgical resection. Immunoreactivity to anti-vimentin, anti-smooth muscle actin, anti-desmin, anti-laminin, and anti-muscle-specific actin antibodies were found; conversely, the tumor cells were negative for anti-S100 and AE1/AE3 proteins. This report emphasizes the role of immunohistochemical study for correct diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Oliveira Rodini
- Department of Stomatology (Oral Pathology), Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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20
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Abstract
AbstractA 36-year-old patient with a primary leiomyosarcoma of the left parotid gland is presented. To our knowledge this is only the second case of a parotid leiomyosarcoma in the world according to the literature review.
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21
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Primary oral leiomyosarcoma: a clinico-pathologic study and analysis of prognostic factors. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 36:409-16. [PMID: 17395428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2006.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Revised: 11/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This clinico-pathologic study of primary oral leiomyosarcomas and analysis of potential prognostic factors involved a literature review of 64 cases and a report of four cases treated in the authors' unit. The demographic details, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome were documented for the whole group and clinico-pathologic variables analysed to detect potential prognostic factors. The most common presentation was that of a painless mass, with peak incidence in the 6th decade and a slight male predeliction (M:F=1.3:1). The maxilla was the most frequently involved site, followed by the mandible and tongue. Surgical excision was most commonly employed with radiotherapy and chemotherapy being reserved for recurrent and metastatic tumours. Local recurrence (34%) and metastasis (35%) were not uncommon and occurred most frequently to the lungs and regional lymph nodes (15%). Age, sex, size and mitotic index were not statistically related to recurrence or metastasis. Site (P=0.0125) was a predictor of metastasis. Metastasis (P=0.010) and lesions involving the maxilla and mandible (P=0.019) were associated with decreased survival. The estimated 5 year survival was 55% for the whole group and 43% and 19% for patients with bony involvement and metastasis respectively.
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22
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Pfeiffer J, Boedeker CC, Ridder GJ, Maier W, Kayser G. Radiation-induced leiomyosarcoma of the oropharynx. Diagn Pathol 2006; 1:22. [PMID: 16925805 PMCID: PMC1570367 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-1-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor originating from smooth muscle cells, which most frequently develops in the myometrium and in the gastro-intestinal tract. Reviewing the international literature, radiation-induced sarcoma arise in 0.035 to 0.2% of all irradiated patients. Especially in the head and neck region, radiation-induced leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare lesion. The authors report a case of a radiation-induced leiomyosarcoma of the tonsillar region of the oropharynx in a 51-year-old male patient, who had undergone radiation therapy of this region 38 years before. The lesion was treated by radical surgery. Diagnostic steps, histological presentation and therapy are described in detail and the literature concerning radiation induced malignancies in general as well as radiation induced leiomyosarcoma in particular is reviewed. The highlights of this case are an extremely uncommon location and a rare pathological entity of radiation induced malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Pfeiffer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Freiburg Medical School, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Christof Boedeker
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Freiburg Medical School, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Jürgen Ridder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Freiburg Medical School, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Freiburg Medical School, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gian Kayser
- Institute of Pathology, Freiburg Medical School, Freiburg, Germany
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23
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Yang SW, Chen TM, Tsai CY, Lin CY. A peculiar site of leiomyosarcoma: the tongue tip—report of a case. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 35:469-71. [PMID: 16288848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2004] [Revised: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary leiomyosarcoma of the tongue is an exceedingly rare malignant mesenchymal tumour, which is hardly ever addressed in the differential diagnosis of a tongue lesion. Only 7 cases of this tumour have been documented in English-language medical literature. This study reports an additional case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the tongue in a 54-year-old woman, presenting with a foreign body sensation at the tip of the tongue with a rapidly and progressively enlarging ulcerative nodule. The patient received tumour excision with a 1-year follow-up without evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis. Leiomyosarcoma in this unusual site seems to have better prognosis than elsewhere, although the number of cases are too small to draw a conclusion. This study further reviews the literature review and discusses the clinico-pathological presentation of this peculiar rare tongue lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
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24
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Sethi A, Mrig S, Sethi D, Mandal AK, Agarwal AK. Parotid gland leiomyosarcoma in a child: an extremely unusual neoplasm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 102:82-4. [PMID: 16831677 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Revised: 07/16/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of an 8-year-old boy with a parotid mass diagnosed to be a leiomyosarcoma. Considering the unresectable extent of the mass, the patient was subjected to radiotherapy. The patient developed distant metastasis following the course of radiotherapy and was put on chemotherapy. The child was lost to further follow up. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the English-language literature of such an entity in the pediatric age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Sethi
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Maulana Azad Medical College And Lok Nayak Hospital, Naraina Vihar, New Delhi, India.
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25
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Vilos GA, Rapidis AD, Lagogiannis GD, Apostolidis C. Leiomyosarcomas of the oral tissues: clinicopathologic analysis of 50 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 63:1461-77. [PMID: 16182914 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2005.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2003] [Accepted: 06/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary oral leiomyosarcomas are rare tumors. Information regarding the biological behavior, prognosis, and appropriate management of this neoplasm is lacking in the literature. The purpose of this report was to summarize the data of isolated case reports of primary oral leiomyosarcoma that have been published in the English literature during the past 25 years. The cases of 4 additional new patients who have been treated in our department during the past 10 years are also presented. PATIENTS AND METHODS The data for 46 patients obtained from 32 individual articles retrieved from the English literature were added to our 4 cases and produced a total number of 50 cases of primary leiomyosarcomas of the oral tissues. Patients were analyzed according to demographic data, anatomic location, type of treatment, and survival. RESULTS Primary oral leiomyosarcoma may affect any age with peaks of occurrence in the third, sixth, and seventh decades of life. There is no gender predilection. Female patients presented the higher incidence in the third decade, whereas males had an even age distribution. The tumor arises in approximately 70% of the cases in the maxillary and mandibular bones. Radical surgery was the treatment of choice. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy when applied in recurrent tumors had little effect. The most adverse prognostic factor was the positive surgical margins. The 5-year survival was 62% (62.9% for females and 52.6% for males, P > .1968). CONCLUSIONS Cases of oral leiomyosarcoma appear to be associated with major neurovascular structures of the facial skeleton, as evidenced from the imaging studies of our 4 patients. Primary oral leiomyosarcoma is a rare tumor that should be managed with aggressive surgical resection in order to safeguard curability. Histopathologic diagnosis is greatly facilitated with positive immunohistochemical staining for smooth muscle antigenic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A Vilos
- Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Greek Anticancer Institute, St Savvas Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, Athens 115-22, Greece
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26
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Bucci T, Longo F, Mangone GM, Errico ME, Califano L. Leiomyosarcoma of the submandibular gland. Report of a case and review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 34:690-2. [PMID: 16053897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2004.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2003] [Revised: 10/25/2004] [Accepted: 10/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the first case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the submandibular salivary glands and emphasizes the role of immunohistochemical study for a correct diagnosis of this tumour. In line with results of international literature, we associated surgery with radiotherapy and 2 years postoperatively there was no sign of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bucci
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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27
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Abstract
We report the case of a 4-year-old female woodchuck (Marmota monax) which presented with a white, firm and discrete mass in the hard palate. The mass extended into the oral cavity but it was well separated from the surrounding tissues. Histology of the tumor showed a malignant mesenchymal tumor with pleomorphic spindle cells varying in degrees of differentiation and density. The neoplastic cells had moderate amounts of granular or fibrillar eosinophilic cytoplasm with indistinct cell margins. Nuclei were oval to elongated and frequently blunt-ended with vesicular chromatin. Immunohistochemical study showed that the neoplastic cells expressed vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin but did not express desmin, pan-cytokeratin, and S-100. Therefore, histology and immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor was oral leiomyosarcoma. Oral cavity is an extremely rare site for leiomyosarcoma and the present case is the first report of spontaneous oral leiomyosarcoma in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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28
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Boy SC, Van Heerden WFP, Steenkamp G. Diagnosis and treatment of primary intraoral leiomyosarcomas in four dogs. Vet Rec 2005; 156:510-3. [PMID: 15833968 DOI: 10.1136/vr.156.16.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the clinical and pathological features, diagnosis and management of primary intraoral leiomyosarcomas in the oral cavity of four dogs; they involved the gingivae of the rostral maxilla and mandible, the mucosa of the upper lip and the soft palate. Their features are compared with the those of leiomyosarcomas commonly encountered in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs. Two of the dogs responded well to surgical treatment; one died after its airways were obstructed by a large palatal tumour; and the fourth was lost to follow-up after its owners declined treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Boy
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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29
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Holmes JD, Koslin MG, Mufson RA. Nonpainful swelling of the anterior floor of mouth. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 62:479-83. [PMID: 15085517 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2003.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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MacGillivray KC, Graham TD, Parente EJ. Multicentric leiomyosarcoma in a young male horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 223:1017-21, 986. [PMID: 14552492 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2003.223.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 2-year-old male Thoroughbred was evaluated for multiple firm, raised nodules of the maxilla and mandible that had been present since 6 months of age. The horse was evaluated as a yearling with a final histologic diagnosis of fibrosarcoma. As a 2-year-old, the colt made a loud upper airway sound and was agitated after strenuous exercise. Results of upper airway endoscopy indicated severe narrowing of the nasal passages and pharynx with normal resting function. Radiography revealed multiple circular bony lesions in the mandible, maxilla, multiple long bones, and cervical vertebrae. Biopsy specimens of the left mandible and right facial bone were obtained. A diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma with extensive metastatic bone formation was made on the basis of histologic features and the immunohistochemical staining properties of the biopsy specimens. Because of the diffuse distribution of the lesions, prognosis was guarded; 4 years after diagnosis, the horse had not pursued an athletic career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Cole MacGillivray
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 W Street Rd, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
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31
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Ikram M, Ahmed I, Ahmed D, Ahmed YI. Leiomyosarcoma of the Maxilla with Spinal Metastasis: A Case Report. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2003. [DOI: 10.1177/014556130308200618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maxillary leiomyosarcoma is an uncommon tumor, and the occurrence of its metastasis to the spine is exceedingly rare. We report the case of a patient with maxillary leiomyosarcoma who developed a spinal metastasis 18 months following a total maxillectomy. Our patient represents only the third case of metastasis to the spine that has been reported in the literature, and the only reported case of metastasis to the iliac bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubasher Ikram
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Imitnan Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Daniyal Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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32
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Pandey M, Chandramohan K, Thomas G, Mathew A, Sebastian P, Somanathan T, Abraham EK, Rajan B, Krishnan Nair M. Soft tissue sarcoma of the head and neck region in adults. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 32:43-8. [PMID: 12653232 DOI: 10.1054/ijom.2001.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare solid tumours accounting for less than 1% of all malignancies and are very unusual in the head and neck region. Histopathologically diagnosed cases of STS treated at Regional Cancer Centre (RCC). Trivandrum, India, between January 1989 and November 2000 were analyzed retrospectively. Survival analysis was carried out by Kaplan-Meier method and curves were compared using log rank test. A total of 22 cases were seen during the study period. The mean age of the patients was 36.4 years with male-to-female ratio of 2:1. The neck, lower jaw, tongue, cheek, scalp and maxilla were the commonest sites affected. None of the patients had palpable neck nodes or distant metastasis at presentation. All the patients were treated with primary surgical resection and this was followed by adjuvant treatment in 14 cases (63.6%). After a median follow-up of 14.5 months, two patients died, six developed local recurrence, four developed metastatic disease and another patient developed second primary sarcoma. The overall 5-year survival was 80% while the 5-year disease-free survival rate was 24.1%. The majority of the patients failed within first and second year. None of the parameters except grade of tumour (P=0.008) were found to have a significant effect on survival. The overall survival rate for patients with soft tissue sarcoma of the head and neck is good, however, disease-free survival is poor as the majority of these fail within 2 years of completing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pandey
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 011, India.
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33
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Fasanmade A, Barrett A, Newman L, Hyde N. Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Oral Cavity: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE CHIRURGIE PLASTIQUE 2002. [DOI: 10.1177/229255030201000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant tumour of mesenchymal origin that is uncommon in the head and neck, and particularly uncommon in the oral cavity. This article presents a case of primary leiomyosarcoma affecting the mucosal lining of the cheek in a 35-year-old woman. The need for wide excision is emphasized, and because of the high frequency of regional lymph node metastasis, an ipsilateral neck dissection is advocated, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy for residual microscopic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fasanmade
- Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Aw Barrett
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Unit, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London
| | - L Newman
- Maxillofacial Unit, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nc Hyde
- Maxillofacial Unit, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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34
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Lo Muzio L, Favia G, Farronato G, Piattelli A, Maiorano E. Primary gingival leiomyosarcoma. A clinicopathological study of 1 case with prolonged survival. J Clin Periodontol 2002; 29:182-7. [PMID: 11895547 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2002.290214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leiomyosarcoma is a relatively uncommon mesenchymal tumor that exhibits smooth-muscle differentiation. Only 3 to 10% of leiomyosarcomas arise in the head and neck, the nose and paranasal sinuses, skin and subcutaneous tissue and cervical esophagus being the most common localizations. Most leiomyosarcomas involving the oral tissues primarily affect the maxillary sinus, the maxillary or mandibular bone. A review of the English-language literature since 1908 revealed 30 reported cases of primary leiomyosarcoma of the oral mucosa and soft tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS We report on a case of gingival leiomyosarcoma, arising in a 31-year-old female and involving the upper alveolar mucosa. Following the diagnosis of malignant neoplasm on frozen sections and an en-block resection, the tumour was formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded for histological and immunohistochemical examination. RESULTS Microscopically, the tumor was composed of interlacing fascicles of spindle-shaped cells with elongated, blunt-ended nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm, containing PAS-positive granules. Mitoses, both typical and atypical, and scattered necrotic foci were present. Consistent desmin, muscle specific and alpha-smooth muscle-specific, and vimentin immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the tumor cells. The patient is alive and free of disease at a 7-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Intra-oral leiomyosarcomas are exceptionally rare. Accurate diagnosis and treatment is largely based on the careful search of clinical signs indicative of malignancy (e.g., neoplastic bone destruction, wide invasion of adjacent tissues) and intra-operative (frozen sections) examination of the lesion. Though the case reported herein showed an attenuated clinical behavior, prolonged follow-up is mandatory in view of possible tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Dental Sciences, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
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35
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Nikitakis NG, Lopes MA, Bailey JS, Blanchaert RH, Ord RA, Sauk JJ. Oral leiomyosarcoma: review of the literature and report of two cases with assessment of the prognostic and diagnostic significance of immunohistochemical and molecular markers. Oral Oncol 2002; 38:201-8. [PMID: 11854069 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(01)00047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma of the oral cavity is a very rare tumor that is associated with aggressive clinical behavior and low survival. In this paper, we report two new cases of leiomyosarcoma affecting the mandibular gingiva and mandible of a 35-year-old male and the mandible of a 51-year-old female. Given the difficulty in the histopathologic discrimination between benign and malignant smooth muscle tumors and the absence of reliable histologic parameters for prognostication of leiomyosarcomas, we evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic value of various immunohistochemical and molecular markers. By means of immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR analysis, we detected protein expression of PCNA, bcl-2, CDK4, p53 and MDM2 in both our cases and MDM2 amplification in our second case. The literature, pertinent to oral leiomyosarcoma and to molecular analysis of smooth muscle tumors, is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Nikitakis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore 666 W. Baltimore Street, Room 4-C-02, Baltimore, MD 21201-1586, USA.
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36
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Hirano M, Tanuma J, Shimoda T, Sugihara K, Tsuneyoshi M, Kitano M. Solitary fibrous tumor in the mental region. Pathol Int 2001; 51:905-8. [PMID: 11844061 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1827.2001.01290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare, benign, soft tissue tumor that most commonly occurs in the pleura; however, it has recently been described in other sites of the body. To date, eight examples of oral SFT have been reported. This paper is a description of the first case of an SFT occurring as a soft tissue tumor in the mental region. Histologically, the tumor was composed predominantly of rather uniform spindle-shaped fibroblastic cells arranged in vague fascicles or in a haphazard fashion, intermingled with abundant collagen fibers. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for CD34 and vimentin, and weakly positive for muscle actin and alpha-smooth muscle actin. The diagnosis of SFT may be difficult as this tumor shares a number of histological features with other soft tissue tumors. Awareness of its occurrence in the oral cavity is important so that confusion with other spindle cell neoplasms can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hirano
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kagoshima University Dental School, Sakuraoka, Japan
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37
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Sumida T, Hamakawa H, Otsuka K, Tanioka H. Leiomyosarcoma of the maxillary sinus with cervical lymph node metastasis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001; 59:568-71. [PMID: 11326387 DOI: 10.1053/joms.2001.22691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Sumida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Shigenobu-cho, Onsen-gun, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
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38
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Dios PD, Teijeiro JC, Anguira FB, Scully C, García EV, García-García A. Synchronous oral leiomyosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2001; 91:70-5. [PMID: 11174574 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2001.111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An unusual case of synchronous squamous cell carcinoma and leiomyosarcoma of the oral cavity is reported in a patient without any identified environmental risk or predisposing factors. The invasive squamous cell carcinoma involved the tongue, whereas the leiomyosarcoma was located in the soft palate. No immunostaining was found for human papillomavirus or Epstein-Barr virus, and in situ hybridization showed negativity for human papillomavirus DNA within the tumor cells. Alterations of bcl -2, c-erb -b2 and Rb oncoproteins were not found immunohistochemically. Overexpression of p53 was detected by immunohistochemistry in both tumors, but p53 gene mutations were not found by polymerase chain reaction. Neither loss of heterozygosity of p53 nor microsatellite instability was detected in this patient. The smooth muscle nature of the leiomyosarcoma was confirmed by immunohistochemical methods. To our knowledge, synchronous smooth muscle and epithelial oral tumors have not previously been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Dios
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago de Compostela University, Spain.
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Favia G, Mignogna MD, Piattelli A, Maiorano E. Primary intraoral leiomyosarcoma of the tongue: an immunohistochemical study and review of the literature. Oral Oncol 2000; 36:519-24. [PMID: 11036245 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(00)00044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma is a relatively uncommon mesenchymal tumor that exhibits smooth-muscle differentiation. We report a new case of leiomyosarcoma involving the tongue of a 67-year-old male. Histologically, the tumor was composed of variably oriented fascicles of spindle-shaped cells with 'cigar-shaped' nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm, containing occasional PAS-positive granules. Atypical mitotic figures and necrotic foci were frequently detected. Consistent desmin, alpha-smooth muscle-specific and sarcomeric actin, and vimentin immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the tumor cells, whereas cytokeratins, CD 30, CD 31, CD 34, CD 45, CD 68, EMA, GFAP, HMB 45 and S-100 protein were negative. The patient underwent wide surgical excision of the tumor and is alive and disease-free at a 5-year follow-up. This report emphasizes the difficulties in the differential diagnosis of these uncommon tumors in an intra-oral location.
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Dry SM, Jorgensen JL, Fletcher CD. Leiomyosarcomas of the oral cavity: an unusual topographic subset easily mistaken for nonmesenchymal tumours. Histopathology 2000; 36:210-20. [PMID: 10692022 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2559.2000.00814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oral leiomyosarcoma is rare and poorly documented. We aimed to characterize these lesions clinicopathologically in order to facilitate their distinction from other spindle cell neoplasms in the oral cavity. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten cases of oral leiomyosarcoma were retrieved and studied histologically and immunohistochemically. Clinical data were obtained from referring pathologists and prior literature concerning 46 comparable cases was reviewed. Nine out of 10 cases occurred in adults; 50% arose in the jaws and four showed bone involvement. Histological appearances were similar to leiomyosarcomas elsewhere. In addition to myogenic markers, two cases were also keratin-positive. Four patients developed local recurrence or metastatic disease and three died of tumour (median follow-up 37 months). CONCLUSIONS Leiomyosarcoma is under-recognized in the mouth, often being mistaken for a spindle-celled epithelial neoplasm. Aside from an unusual but infrequent tendency to spread to lymph nodes and a location-specific differential diagnosis, its clinicopathological features are comparable to leiomyosarcomas at other locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Dry
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Pandey M, Thomas G, Mathew A, Abraham EK, Somanathan T, Ramadas K, Iype EM, Ahamed IM, Sebastian P, Nair MK. Sarcoma of the oral and maxillofacial soft tissue in adults. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2000; 26:145-8. [PMID: 10744932 DOI: 10.1053/ejso.1999.0758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sarcoma occurring in oral and maxillofacial soft tissue is rare. This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of oral soft tissue sarcoma and to record its natural history and survival. METHODS Retrospective analysis of the patients with histologically proven oral and maxillofacial soft tissue sarcoma treated at the Regional Cancer Centre (RCC), Trivandrum, betweeen 1990-1998 was carried out. RESULTS During this period, ten cases of oral and maxillofacial sarcomas were registered. Three lesions were located on the cheek mucosa, two on the tongue and two on the mandibular alveolus, while there was one lesion each in the parotid region, maxilla and face (NOS). Mean age at presentation was 31.3+/-14.1 years (range 15-54 years). Seven of the patients (70%) were males. There were three cases of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), three cases of spindle cell sarcoma and one case each of angiosarcoma, haemangioendothelioma, malignant schwannoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). All the patients were treated with surgery as a primary modality. Median follow-up time was 30 months (range 5-94 months). An overall srvival of 87.5% at 5 years was observed; however, 5-year disease free survival was 60.0% (95% CI 19.5-85.2). CONCLUSIONS Soft tissue sarcomas are of comparatively less frequent occurrence in oral and maxillofacial soft tissue than in other tissues. A good survival rate can be achieved by multimodality treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pandey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India.
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Perez-Ordonez B, Koutlas IG, Strich E, Gilbert RW, Jordan RC. Solitary fibrous tumor of the oral cavity: an uncommon location for a ubiquitous neoplasm. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 1999; 87:589-93. [PMID: 10348518 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(99)70139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Solitary fibrous tumor is an uncommon soft tissue tumor initially reported in the pleura but recently described in other sites of the body. To date, only 5 examples of oral solitary fibrous tumor have been reported. Here, we describe 2 additional cases of this tumor in the oral cavity. The tumors were composed of small to medium-sized spindle cells with bland cytologic features; these cells were haphazardly arranged in highly cellular sheets or ill-formed fascicles as well as in hypocellular areas with hyalinized blood vessels. Both tumors contained blood vessels with a hemangiopericytomalike appearance and expressed vimentin, CD34, and CD99. One case was also strongly positive for bcl-2. The diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor may be difficult inasmuch as it shares a number of histologic features with other soft tissue tumors. Awareness of its occurrence in the oral cavity is important so that confusion with other spindle cell neoplasms can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Perez-Ordonez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, North York, Ontario, Canada
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43
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Carter LC, Aguirre A, Boyd B, DeLacure MD. Primary leiomyosarcoma of the mandible in a 7-year-old girl: report of a case and review of the literature. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 1999; 87:477-84. [PMID: 10225631 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(99)70248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of smooth muscle origin that manifests itself uncommonly in the oral cavity because of the paucity of smooth muscle in that location. To the best of our knowledge, only 10 cases of leiomyosarcoma primary to the jawbones have been reported in the English language literature. We report the first pediatric case of leiomyosarcoma arising from the mandible. Facial asymmetry and swelling were accompanied by a rapidly growing exophytic soft tissue mass that caused buccal displacement of the mandibular left permanent first molar. The lesion, observed radiographically as an extensive ill-defined area of osteolytic alveolar destruction, perforated the lingual cortex, displaced the inferior alveolar nerve canal inferiorly, and produced a "floating-in-air" appearance of the first molar. Diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was made after initial incisional biopsy of the lesion. A 5-cm segmental mandibulectomy and supraomohyoid neck dissection were followed by reconstruction with a dynamic mandibular reconstruction plate and placement of a multidimensional mandibular distraction device in a transport rectangle of bone to promote bifocal distraction osteogenesis. Forty millimeters of distraction (the technical limit of the device) were performed; this was followed by terminal iliac crest bone grafting. Seventeen months after the definitive surgical procedure, the patient remains free of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Carter
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Imaging Clinic, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, NY 14214-3008, USA
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Goldschmidt PR, Goldschmidt JD, Lieblich SE, Eisenberg E. Leiomyosarcoma presenting as a mandibular gingival swelling: a case report. J Periodontol 1999; 70:84-9. [PMID: 10052775 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1999.70.1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of primary low-grade leiomyosarcoma of the mandible in an otherwise healthy young woman. The neoplasm presented as a painful, pericoronal gingival swelling that mimicked an acute periodontal infection. It was managed accordingly, with curettage, debridement, and antibiotics. When the lesion failed to respond to this treatment approach, a biopsy was performed. Microscopy revealed a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm which, on immunohistochemistry analysis, demonstrated reactivity for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and vimentin. This established the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma; subsequently, an en bloc resection of mandibular bone and overlying soft tissue was performed. Close follow-up for over 10 years has revealed no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease. Since the patient was taking oral contraceptives prior to the onset of the lesion, a possible link between estrogen and smooth muscle tumors is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Goldschmidt
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, USA
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45
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Savastano G, Palombini L, Muscariello V, Erra S. Leiomyosarcoma of the maxilla: a case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998; 56:1101-3. [PMID: 9734775 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-2391(98)90265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Savastano
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Naples, Napoli, Italy
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Laccourreye O, Cauchois R, Laccourreye L, Maurice D, Carnot F, Brasnu D. Primary leiomyosarcoma of the mandible. Am J Otolaryngol 1996; 17:415-9. [PMID: 8944303 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-0709(96)90077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O Laccourreye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Pathology, Hôspital Laënnec, Université Paris V, France
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Izumi K, Maeda T, Cheng J, Saku T. Primary leiomyosarcoma of the maxilla with regional lymph node metastasis. Report of a case and review of the literature. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 1995; 80:310-9. [PMID: 7489275 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(05)80389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A rare case of oral leiomyosarcoma diagnosed with the aid of immunohistochemical and electron microscopic examinations together with a review of the literature are reported. The patient was a 70-year-old Japanese man. The primary tumor involved the maxillary gingiva and bone and metastasized to the cervical lymph nodes. On histologic examination the tumor showed invasive growth into the maxillary bone. It was composed of interlacing fascicles of spindle-shaped cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and elongated, blunt-ended nuclei. The tumor formed extensive metastatic foci in the cervical lymph nodes. On immunohistochemical examination most of the tumor cells were positive for desmin, smooth muscle-specific actin, and myosin. The ultrastructural characteristics of the tumor cells were abundant microfilaments, pinocytotic vesicles, and basement membrane formation. The findings were indicative of a tumor demonstrating myogenic differentiation. A review of the literature during the past 50 years disclosed a total of 60 oral leiomyosarcomas, including our case.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Izumi
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Japan
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