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Pevná V, Zauška Ľ, Almáši M, Hovan A, Bánó G, Máčajová M, Bilčík B, Zeleňák V, Huntošová V. Redistribution of hydrophobic hypericin from nanoporous particles of SBA-15 silica in vitro, in cells and in vivo. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123288. [PMID: 37532008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous silica is nowadays used in various fields of nano- and micro-materials research. The advantage of nanoporous material is that it can be filled with various hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules, which are then delivered to the target cells and tissues. In the present study, we have studied the interaction of nanoporous silica with hydrophobic and photodynamically active molecule - hypericin. Hypericin was adsorbed on/in SBA-15 silica, which led to the disappearance of its fluorescence due to hypericin aggregate formation. However, it was observed here that hypericin can be easily redistributed from these particles towards proteins and lipids in serum and cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the charged surface character of SBA-15 pores forced the creation of protein/lipid corona on particles. Such complex enabled monomerization of hypericin on the surface of particles presented by fluorescence in the corona and singlet oxygen production suitable for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The PDT efficacy achieved by introducing the new construct into the PDT protocol was comparable to the efficacy of hypericin PDT. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a promising approach for the delivery of hydrophobic photosensitizers to cancer cells by nanoporous silica using fluorescence techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Pevná
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ľuboš Zauška
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Almáši
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Hovan
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Gregor Bánó
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mariana Máčajová
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Bilčík
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Zeleňák
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Huntošová
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
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Nanoemulsion applications in photodynamic therapy. J Control Release 2022; 351:164-173. [PMID: 36165834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoemulsion, or nanoscaled-size emulsions, is a thermodynamically stable system formed by blending two immiscible liquids, blended with an emulsifying agent to produce a single phase. Nanoemulsion science has advanced rapidly in recent years, and it has opened up new opportunities in a variety of fields, including pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, food, and cosmetics. Nanoemulsion has been recognized as a potential drug delivery technology for various drugs, such as photosensitizing agents (PS). In photodynamic therapy (PDT), PSs produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species under specific light irradiation, which oxidize the surrounding tissues. Over the past decades, the idea of PS-loaded nanoemulsions has received researchers' attention due to their ability to overcome several limitations of common PSs, such as limited permeability, non-specific phototoxicity, hydrophobicity, low bioavailability, and self-aggregation tendency. This review aims to provide fundamental knowledge of nanoemulsion formulations and the principles of PDT. It also discusses nanoemulsion-based PDT strategies and examines nanoemulsion advantages for PDT, highlighting future possibilities for nanoemulsion use.
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Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, de Azevedo RB, Amorim CA. Secure transplantation by tissue purging using photodynamic therapy to eradicate malignant cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112546. [PMID: 36029759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The field of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treating various malignant neoplasms has been given researchers' attention due to its ability to be a selective and minimally invasive cancer therapy strategy. The possibility of tumor cell infection and hence high recurrence rates in cancer patients tends to restrict autologous transplantation. So, the photodynamic tissue purging process, which consists of selective photoinactivation of the malignant cells in the graft, is defined as a compromising strategy to purify contaminated tissues before transplantation. In this strategy, the direct malignant cells' death results from the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through the activation of a photosensitizer (PS) by light exposure in the presence of oxygen. Since new PS generations can effectively penetrate the tissue, PDT could be an ideal ex vivo tissue purging protocol that eradicates cancer cells derived from various malignancies. The challenge is that the applied pharmacologic ex vivo tissue purging should efficiently induce tumor cells with minor influence on normal tissue cells. This review aims to provide an overview of the current status of the most effective PDT strategies and PS development concerning their potential application in ex vivo purging before hematopoietic stem cell or ovarian tissue transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Bentes de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília DF, Brazil
| | - Christiani A Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Pereira LS, Camacho SA, Almeida AM, Gonçalves RS, Caetano W, DeWolf C, Aoki PH. Mechanisms of hypericin incorporation to explain the photooxidation outcomes in phospholipid biomembrane models. Chem Phys Lipids 2022; 244:105181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2022.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abu Dayyih A, Alawak M, Ayoub AM, Amin MU, Abu Dayyih W, Engelhardt K, Duse L, Preis E, Brüßler J, Bakowsky U. Thermosensitive liposomes encapsulating hypericin: Characterization and photodynamic efficiency. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121195. [PMID: 34673168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The potent photodynamic properties of Hypericin (Hyp) elicit a range of light-dose-dependent anti-tumor activities. However, its low water solubility hampers its broad application. Therefore, the administration of Hyp into biological systems requires drug carriers that would enable sufficient bioavailability. Stimuli-triggered nanocarriers, which are sensitive to endogenous or exogenous stimuli, have become an attractive replacement for conventional therapeutic regimens. Herein, we produced optimized Hyp thermosensitive liposomes (Hyp-TSL), self-assembled from DPPC, DSPC, DSPE-PEG2000. Hyp-TSL displayed a hydrodynamic diameter below 100 nm with an adequate encapsulation efficiency of 94.5 % and good colloidal stability. Hyp-TSL exhibited thermal sensitivity over a narrow range with a phase transition temperature of 41.1 °C, in which liposomal destruction was evident in AFM images after elevated temperature above the phase transition temperature. The uptake of TSL-Hyp into MDA-MB-231 cells was significantly increased with hyperthermic treatment of 42 °C when compared to the uptake at a average physiological temperature of 37 °C. Consequent enhancement of cellular reactive oxygen species was observed after hyperthermic treatment at 42 °C. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of Hyp TSL was reduced by 3.8 fold after hyperthermic treatment at 42 °C in comparison to treatment at 37 °C. Hyp-TSL were considered safe for intravenous applications as compared by hemocompatibility studies, where coagulation time was <50 s and hemolytic potential was <10%. Conclusively, the enhancement in tumor drug availability correlated with improved therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Abu Dayyih
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mohamad Alawak
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Abdallah M Ayoub
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Muhammad U Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wael Abu Dayyih
- College of Pharmacy, Mutah University, 61710 Alkarak, Jordan
| | - Konrad Engelhardt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lili Duse
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Eduard Preis
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jana Brüßler
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, Azevedo RB, Feron O, Amorim CA. Photodynamic cancer therapy using liposomes as an advanced vesicular photosensitizer delivery system. J Control Release 2021; 339:75-90. [PMID: 34562540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The multidisciplinary field of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a combination of photochemistry and photophysics sciences, which has shown tremendous potential for cancer therapy application. PDT employs a photosensitizing agent (PS) and light to form cytotoxic reactive oxygen species and subsequently oxidize light-exposed tissue. Despite numerous advantages of PDT and enormous progress in this field, common PSs are still far from ideal treatment because of their poor permeability, non-specific phototoxicity, side effects, hydrophobicity, weak bioavailability, and tendency to self-aggregation. To circumvent these limitations, PS can be encapsulated in liposomes, an advanced drug delivery system that has demonstrated the ability to enhance drug permeability into biological membranes and loading both hydrophobic and lipophilic agents. Moreover, liposomes can also be coated by targeting agents to improve delivery efficiency. The present review aims to summarize the principles of PDT, various PS generations, PS-loaded nanoparticles, liposomes, and their impact on PDT, then discuss recent photodynamic cancer therapy strategies using liposomes as PS-loaded vectors, and highlight future possibilities and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Bentes Azevedo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pôle de Pharmacologie et thérapeutique, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christiani A Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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7
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Cheng X, Gao J, Ding Y, Lu Y, Wei Q, Cui D, Fan J, Li X, Zhu E, Lu Y, Wu Q, Li L, Huang W. Multi-Functional Liposome: A Powerful Theranostic Nano-Platform Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100876. [PMID: 34085415 PMCID: PMC8373168 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) has promising advantages in almost non-invasion, low drug resistance, and low dark toxicity, it still suffers from limitations in the lipophilic nature of most photosensitizers (PSs), short half-life of PS in plasma, poor tissue penetration, and low tumor specificity. To overcome these limitations and enhance PDT, liposomes, as excellent multi-functional nano-carriers for drug delivery, have been extensively studied in multi-functional theranostics, including liposomal PS, targeted drug delivery, controllable drug release, image-guided therapy, and combined therapy. This review provides researchers with a useful reference in liposome-based drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiamin Cheng
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)Nanjing211816P. R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)Nanjing211816P. R. China
| | - Yang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)Nanjing211816P. R. China
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)Nanjing211816P. R. China
| | - Qiancheng Wei
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)Nanjing211816P. R. China
| | - Dezhi Cui
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)Nanjing211816P. R. China
| | - Jiali Fan
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)Nanjing211816P. R. China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)Nanjing211816P. R. China
| | - Ershu Zhu
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)Nanjing211816P. R. China
| | - Yongna Lu
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)Nanjing211816P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)Nanjing211816P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)Nanjing211816P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)Nanjing211816P. R. China
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Verebová V, Beneš J, Staničová J. Biophysical Characterization and Anticancer Activities of Photosensitive Phytoanthraquinones Represented by Hypericin and Its Model Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:E5666. [PMID: 33271809 PMCID: PMC7731333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosensitive compounds found in herbs have been reported in recent years as having a variety of interesting medicinal and biological activities. In this review, we focus on photosensitizers such as hypericin and its model compounds emodin, quinizarin, and danthron, which have antiviral, antifungal, antineoplastic, and antitumor effects. They can be utilized as potential agents in photodynamic therapy, especially in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer. We aimed to give a comprehensive summary of the physical and chemical properties of these interesting molecules, emphasizing their mechanism of action in relation to their different interactions with biomacromolecules, specifically with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Verebová
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine & Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Jiří Beneš
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 1, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jana Staničová
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine & Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 1, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
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de Araújo PR, Fonseca-Santos B, Kogawa AC, Salgado HRN, Chorilli M. A Review of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Hypericin in Foods, Herbal, Biological and Pharmaceutical Matrices. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4648-4657. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200531145624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims:
A review of analytical methods for the determination of hypericin in foods, herbal, biological
and pharmaceutical matrices.
Background:
Hypericin (HYP) is a naturally-occurring pigment obtained from some plants of the genus Hypericum.
Although HYP has been known for many years, it has recently attracted attention due to its varied biological
properties, such as anti-inflammatory and antidepressant activity and it is also an efficient photosensitizer.
Objective:
The objective of this review is to provide insights into the physicochemical properties of HYP, as well
as to report the analytical methods existing in the literature and official compendia for different matrices.
Methods:
The survey data were collected by Google Scholar® and Scopus® using keys terms.
Result:
Analytical methods involving HYP are mainly concerned with the quality control of pharmaceutical
preparations, foods, beverages, biological samples and drug delivery systems using different types of analysis
methods. Some difficulties have also been identified due to the physicochemical properties of HYP. It presents
great solubility in alkaline solutions, organic bases and common polar organic solvents.
Conclusion:
It can be analyzed by thin layer chromatography, spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet region, but the
most commonly used method is by HPLC. HYP presents monographs in the American, British and European
Pharmacopoeias, however, the methods of analysis are not yet harmonized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rocha de Araújo
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Kogawa
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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de Morais FAP, Gonçalves RS, Vilsinski BH, Lazarin-Bidóia D, Balbinot RB, Tsubone TM, Brunaldi K, Nakamura CV, Hioka N, Caetano W. Hypericin photodynamic activity in DPPC liposomes - part II: stability and application in melanoma B16-F10 cancer cells. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:620-630. [PMID: 32248218 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00284g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypericin (Hyp) is considered a promising photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), due to its high hydrophobicity, affinity for cell membranes, low toxicity and high photooxidation activity. In this study, Hyp photophysical properties and photodynamic activity against melanoma B16-F10 cells were optimized using DPPC liposomes (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) as a drug delivery system. This nanoparticle is used as a cell membrane biomimetic model and solubilizes hydrophobic drugs. Hyp oxygen singlet lifetime (τ) in DPPC was approximately two-fold larger than that in P-123 micelles (Pluronic™ surfactants), reflecting a more hydrophobic environment provided by the DPPC liposome. On the other hand, singlet oxygen quantum yield values (ΦΔ1O2) in DPPC and P-123 were similar; Hyp molecules were preserved as monomers. The Hyp/DPPC liposome aqueous dispersion was stable during fluorescence emission and the liposome diameter remained stable for at least five days at 30 °C. However, the liposomes collapsed after the lyophilization/rehydration process, which was resolved by adding the lyoprotectant Trehalose to the liposome dispersion before lyophilization. Cell viability of the Hyp/DPPC formulation was assessed against healthy HaCat cells and high-metastatic melanoma B16-F10 cells. Hyp incorporated into the DPPC carrier presented a higher selectivity index than the Hyp sample previously solubilized in ethanol under the illumination effect. Moreover, the IC50 was lower for Hyp in DPPC than for Hyp pre-solubilized in ethanol. These results indicate the potential of the formulation of Hyp/DPPC for future biomedical applications in PDT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Danielle Lazarin-Bidóia
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Technological Innovation Laboratory in the Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics Development, Department of Health Sciences, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Bento Balbinot
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Technological Innovation Laboratory in the Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics Development, Department of Health Sciences, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tayana Mazin Tsubone
- Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, Institute of Chemistry, 38400-902, Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kellen Brunaldi
- Physiological Sciences Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Celso Vatatu Nakamura
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Technological Innovation Laboratory in the Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics Development, Department of Health Sciences, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Noboru Hioka
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Suváková M, Majerník M, Jendželovský R, Hovan A, Bánó G, Fedoročko P, Antalík M. In vitro study of disodium cromoglicate as a novel effective hydrotrope solvent for hypericin utilisation in photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2020; 206:111855. [PMID: 32220773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypericin (HY) is a naphthodianthrone that naturally occurs in Hypericum perforatum L. It is a promising photosensitiser used in photodynamic therapy for and diagnosis of oncological diseases. However, its hydrophobic character is an obstacle that has prevented its efficient use. The commonly used solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), is a controversial constituent of HY formulations and its use has been rejected by many researchers studying HY both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we propose the utilisation of hydrotropy to solubilise HY in an aqueous environment. Cromolyn (DSCG) is a non-toxic, well-tolerated, antiallergic drug that has been employed in clinical practice since 1970, and in aqueous solution it acts as a hydrotrope. At a molecular ratio of 1:12,000 HY to DSCG, the compound is able to solubilise HY in aqueous environment. In an HT-29 cell suspension, DSCG (1.8 mmol L-1) considerably enhances the interaction between HY (150 nmol L-1) and HT-29 cells, which leads to an HY fluorescence emission increase with a half-time approximately 2 min compared to 29 min for samples that lack DSCG. Studies using HT-29 adenocarcinoma cells showed that DSCG at a given concentration significantly improved accumulation of HY within cells compared to DMSO (p < 0.05) despite the relative resistance of the HT-29 cell line to HY-PDT. Though no significant difference between total reactive oxygen species production was observed for photoactivated HY dissolved in DMSO and DSCG, significant singlet oxygen generation by photoactivated HY dissolved in a DSCG-containing water solution at the studied molecular ratio was confirmed. We also clarified that DSCG does not act as a scavenger of ABTS and galvinoxyl free radicals. The results from an MTT assay showed that DSCG also significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of photoactivated HY compared to DMSO (p < 0.05). This study has demonstrated the ability of DSCG to act as a solvent of HY and enhance the effectiveness of HY-PDT compared to the commonly used organic solvent, DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Suváková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Martin Majerník
- Department of Cellular biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Rastislav Jendželovský
- Department of Cellular biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Andrej Hovan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Gregor Bánó
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Fedoročko
- Department of Cellular biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Marián Antalík
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bulharská 6, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia.
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12
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Hally C, Delcanale P, Nonell S, Viappiani C, Abbruzzetti S. Photosensitizing proteins for antibacterial photodynamic inactivation. TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tbio.201900031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cormac Hally
- Institut Quimic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Barcelona Spain
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e InformaticheUniversità di Parma Parma Italy
| | - Pietro Delcanale
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Quimic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Barcelona Spain
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e InformaticheUniversità di Parma Parma Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e InformaticheUniversità di Parma Parma Italy
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13
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Delcanale P, Hally C, Nonell S, Bonardi S, Viappiani C, Abbruzzetti S. Photodynamic action of Hypericum perforatum hydrophilic extract against Staphylococcus aureus. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:324-331. [DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypericin (Hyp) is one of the most effective, naturally occurring photodynamic agents, which proved effective against a wide array of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Delcanale
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)
- the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Cormac Hally
- Institut Quimic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- 08017 Barcelona
- Spain
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Quimic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- 08017 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Silvia Bonardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- 43126 Parma
- Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche
- Fisiche e Informatiche
- Università di Parma
- 43124 Parma
- Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche
- Fisiche e Informatiche
- Università di Parma
- 43124 Parma
- Italy
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14
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Plenagl N, Seitz BS, Duse L, Pinnapireddy SR, Jedelska J, Brüßler J, Bakowsky U. Hypericin inclusion complexes encapsulated in liposomes for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Int J Pharm 2019; 570:118666. [PMID: 31494239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative hypericin is a highly potent photosensitiser. Several in vitro studies show high phototoxicity of the pigment towards gram-positive bacteria. Nevertheless, the highly lipophilic nature and poor bioavailability prevent its application in daily clinical practice thus leading to a limited therapeutic value of hypericin. Liposomal encapsulation could help overcome these limitations and would make hypericin available for daily clinical practice. The use of liposomes as carriers for hypericin in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is quite new. The aim of this work was to improve the photodynamic efficiency of the previously mentioned carriers by entrapping hypericin in the aqueous compartment of the liposomes. Therefore, a water-soluble inclusion complex of hypericin and (2-hydroxypropyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (Hyp-HPβCD) was prepared. After encapsulation of the inclusion complex into DSPC and DSPC/DPPC/DSPE-PEG liposomes with the dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method, the formulations were physicochemical characterised. The photodynamic efficiency towards the gram-positive model strain Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. bovis. was tested on planktonic cells as well as on biofilms. DSPC liposomes achieved a 4.1log reduction and the DSPC/DPPC/DSPE-PEG liposomes a 2.6log reduction in growth of planktonic bacteria, while Hyp-HPβCD showed total eradication. Even bacterial cells growing in a biofilm could be treated effectively in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Plenagl
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Sebastian Seitz
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lili Duse
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Shashank Reddy Pinnapireddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jarmila Jedelska
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jana Brüßler
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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15
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Bianchini P, Cozzolino M, Oneto M, Pesce L, Pennacchietti F, Tognolini M, Giorgio C, Nonell S, Cavanna L, Delcanale P, Abbruzzetti S, Diaspro A, Viappiani C. Hypericin-Apomyoglobin: An Enhanced Photosensitizer Complex for the Treatment of Tumor Cells. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2024-2033. [PMID: 30995399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bioavailability of photosensitizers for cancer photodynamic therapy is often hampered by their low solubility in water. Here, we overcome this issue by using the water-soluble protein apomyoglobin (apoMb) as a carrier for the photosensitizer hypericin (Hyp). The Hyp-apoMb complex is quickly uptaken by HeLa and PC3 cells at submicromolar concentrations. Fluorescence emission of Hyp-apoMb is exploited to localize the cellular distribution of the photosensitizer. The plasma membrane is rapidly and efficiently loaded, and fluorescence is observed in the cytoplasm only at later times and to a lesser extent. Comparison with cells loaded with Hyp alone demonstrates that the uptake of the photosensitizer without the protein carrier is a slower, less efficient process, that involves the whole cell structure without preferential accumulation at the plasma membrane. Cell viability assays demonstrate that the Hyp-apoMb exhibits superior performance over Hyp. Similar results were obtained using tumor spheroids as three-dimensional cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bianchini
- Nanoscopy , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genoa 16163 , Italy.,Nikon Imaging Center , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genoa 16163 , Italy
| | - Marco Cozzolino
- Nanoscopy , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genoa 16163 , Italy.,Department of Physics , University of Genoa , via Dodecaneso 33 , Genoa 16146 , Italy
| | - Michele Oneto
- Nanoscopy , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genoa 16163 , Italy.,Nikon Imaging Center , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genoa 16163 , Italy
| | - Luca Pesce
- Nanoscopy , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genoa 16163 , Italy.,Department of Physics , University of Genoa , via Dodecaneso 33 , Genoa 16146 , Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Tognolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università di Parma , Parco area delle Scienze 27/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Carmine Giorgio
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università di Parma , Parco area delle Scienze 27/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Quimic de Sarrià , Universitat Ramon Llull , Via Augusta 390 , 08017 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Luigi Cavanna
- Dipartimento di Oncologia-Ematologia , Azienda USL di Piacenza , Via Taverna, 49 , 29121 Piacenza , Italy
| | - Pietro Delcanale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche , Università di Parma , Parco area delle Scienze 7/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche , Università di Parma , Parco area delle Scienze 7/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanoscopy , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genoa 16163 , Italy.,Nikon Imaging Center , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genoa 16163 , Italy.,Department of Physics , University of Genoa , via Dodecaneso 33 , Genoa 16146 , Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche , Università di Parma , Parco area delle Scienze 7/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
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16
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de Morais FAP, Enumo A, Gonçalves RS, Cesar GB, Miranda N, Vilsinski BH, da Silva Junior RC, Nakamura CV, Hioka N, Caetano W. Hypericin photodynamic activity. Part III: in vitro evaluation in different nanocarriers against trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:487-494. [PMID: 30534717 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00444g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chagas is a parasitic endemic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It represents a strong threat to public health due to its strong resistance against commonly available drugs. We studied the in vitro ability to inactivate the trypomastigote form of this parasite using photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms (or antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, aPDT). For this, we chose to use the photosensitizer hypericin (Hyp) formulated in ethanol/water (1% v/v) and Hyp loaded in the dispersion of different aqueous nanocarrier systems. These included polymeric micelles of F-127 and P-123 (both Pluronic™ surfactants), and liposomal vesicles of phospholipid 2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC). These systems with Hyp had their activity compared against trypomastigote forms under light and in the dark. Hyp revealed a high level of effectiveness to eradicate protozoa in vitro. Samples at concentrations higher than 0.8 μmol L-1 of Hyp in Pluronic micelles showed efficacy even in the dark, with the EC50 around (6-8) μmol L-1. Therefore, Hyp/Pluronics can be used also as a chemotherapeutic agent. The best result for EC50 is at approximately 0.31 μmol L-1 for illuminated systems of Hyp in F-127 micelles. For Hyp in P-123 micelles under light, the results also led to a low EC50 value of 0.36 μmol L-1. The highest value of EC50 was 2.22 μmol L-1, which was found for Hyp/DPPC liposomes under light. For the Hyp-free (ethanol/water, 1% v/v)/illuminated group, the EC50 value was 0.37 μmol L-1, which also is a value that shows effectiveness. However, in free-form, Hyp is not protected against blood components, unlike when Hyp is loaded into the nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adalberto Enumo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Batista Cesar
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Nathielle Miranda
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Noboru Hioka
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
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17
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Serum albumins are efficient delivery systems for the photosensitizer hypericin in photosensitization-based treatments against Staphylococcus aureus. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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Barras A, Skandrani N, Gonzalez Pisfil M, Paryzhak S, Dumych T, Haustrate A, Héliot L, Gharbi T, Boulahdour H, Lehen'kyi V, Bilyy R, Szunerits S, Bidaux G, Boukherroub R. Improved photodynamic effect through encapsulation of two photosensitizers in lipid nanocapsules. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5949-5963. [PMID: 32254715 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01759j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has developed into a new clinical and non-invasive treatment for cancer over the past 30 years. By the combination of three non-toxic partners, i.e. a photosensitizer (PS), molecular oxygen (O2) and light, cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) are locally produced leading to irreversible vascular and cellular damage. In the present study, we report for the first time that the combination of two photosensitizers (2 PSs: Protoporphyrin IX, PpIX and Hypericin, Hy) loaded in the same lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) leads to enhanced photodynamic therapy efficiency when compared with previously reported systems. The 2 PS-loaded LNCs are shown to increase the in vitro phototoxicity at the nanomolar range (IC50 = 274 and 278 nM on HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively), whereas the corresponding single PS-loaded LNCs at the same concentration exhibit a phototoxicity two times lower. Intracellular localization in HeLa cells indicates a subcellular asymmetry of PpIX and Hy, in the plasma, ER membranes and round internal structures. The biodistribution of LNCs was studied upon different routes of injection into Swiss nude mice; based on the obtained data, LNCs were injected intratumorally and used to slow the growth of xenograft tumors in mice. The results obtained in this study suggest that the combination of two or more PSs may be a promising strategy to improve the efficacy of conventional photodynamic therapy as well as to reduce dark toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Barras
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
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19
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Datta S, Hovan A, Jutková A, Kruglik SG, Jancura D, Miskovsky P, Bánó G. Phosphorescence Kinetics of Singlet Oxygen Produced by Photosensitization in Spherical Nanoparticles. Part II. The Case of Hypericin-Loaded Low-Density Lipoprotein Particles. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:5154-5160. [PMID: 29709185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The phosphorescence kinetics of singlet oxygen produced by photosensitized hypericin (Hyp) molecules inside low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles was studied experimentally and by means of numerical and analytical modeling. The phosphorescence signal was measured after short laser pulse irradiation of aqueous Hyp/LDL solutions. The Hyp triplet state lifetime determined by a laser flash-photolysis measurement was 5.3 × 10-6 s. The numerical and the analytical model described in part I of the present work (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00658) were used to analyze the observed phosphorescence kinetics of singlet oxygen. It was shown that singlet oxygen diffuses out of LDL particles on a time scale shorter than 0.1 μs. The total (integrated) concentration of singlet oxygen inside LDL is more than an order of magnitude smaller than the total singlet oxygen concentration in the solvent. The time course of singlet oxygen concentrations inside and outside the particles was calculated using simplified representations of the LDL internal structure. The experimental phosphorescence data were fitted by a linear combination of these concentrations using the emission factor E (the ratio of the radiative singlet oxygen depopulation rate constants inside and outside LDL) as a fitting parameter. The emission factor was determined to be E = 6.7 ± 2.5. Control measurements were carried out by adding sodium azide, a strong singlet oxygen quencher, to the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sergei G Kruglik
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS UMR 8237 , 4 place Jussieu , 75005 Paris , France
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20
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Keša P, Jancura D, Kudláčová J, Valušová E, Antalík M. Excitation of triplet states of hypericin in water mediated by hydrotropic cromolyn sodium salt. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 193:185-191. [PMID: 29241053 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypericin (Hyp) is a hydrophobic pigment found in plants of the genus Hypericum which exhibits low levels of solubility in water. This work shows that the solubility of Hyp can be significantly increased through the addition of cromolyn disodium salt (DSCG). Performed studies using UV-VIS absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies demonstrate that Hyp remains in a predominantly biologically photodynamic active monomeric form in the presence of DSCG at concentrations ranging from 4.6×10-3 to 1.2×10-1mol·L-1. The low association constant between Hyp and DSCG (Ka=71.7±2M-1), and the polarity value of 0.3 determined for Hyp in a DSCG-water solution, lead to a suggestion that the monomerization of Hyp in aqueous solution can be explained as a result of the hydrotropic effect of DSCG. This hydrotropic effect is most likely a result of interactions between two relative rigid aromatic rings of DSCG and a delocalized charge on the surface of the Hyp molecule. The triplet-triplet (T-T) electronic transition observed in is Hyp in the presence of DSCG suggests a possible production of reactive oxygen species once Hyp is irradiated with visible light in a DSCG aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Keša
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Daniel Jancura
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Júlia Kudláčová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Eva Valušová
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marián Antalík
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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21
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Skupin-Mrugalska P, Szczolko W, Gierlich P, Konopka K, Goslinski T, Mielcarek J, Düzgüneş N. Physicochemical properties of liposome-incorporated 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethoxy phthalocyanines and their photodynamic activity against oral cancer cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Joniova J, Rebič M, Strejčková A, Huntosova V, Staničová J, Jancura D, Miskovsky P, Bánó G. Formation of Large Hypericin Aggregates in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles-Experiments and Modeling. Biophys J 2017; 112:966-975. [PMID: 28297655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of hypericin (Hyp) from aqueous solutions into giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) membranes has been studied experimentally and by means of kinetic Monte Carlo modeling. The time evolution of Hyp fluorescence originating from Hyp monomers dissolved in the GUV membrane has been recorded by confocal microscopy and while trapping individual GUVs in optical tweezers. It was shown that after reaching a maximum, the fluorescence intensity gradually decreased toward longer times. Formation of oversized Hyp clusters has been observed on the GUV surface at prolonged time. A simplified kinetic Monte Carlo model is presented to follow the aggregation/dissociation processes of Hyp molecules in the membrane. The simulation results reproduced the basic experimental observations: the scaling of the characteristic fluorescence decay time with the vesicle diameter and the buildup of large Hyp clusters in the GUV membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslava Joniova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia; Laboratory of Organometallic and Medicinal Chemistry, ISIC, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matúš Rebič
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Alena Strejčková
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Huntosova
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Staničová
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Jancura
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia; Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Miskovsky
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia; Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Gregor Bánó
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia; Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia.
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23
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Antimicrobial and anticancer photodynamic activity of a phthalocyanine photosensitizer with N -methyl morpholiniumethoxy substituents in non-peripheral positions. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 172:67-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Zang L, Zhao H, Fang Q, Fan M, Chen T, Tian Y, Yao J, Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Cao W. Photophysical properties of sinoporphyrin sodium and explanation of its high photo-activity. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) is a novel photosensitizer with high photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect. Reasons for its high photo-activity were investigated according to the study of photophysical characteristics of DVDMS. Extinction coefficients ([Formula: see text] of DVDMS at 405 nm and 630 nm are 4.36 × 105 and 1.84 × 104 M[Formula: see text].cm[Formula: see text]; fluorescence quantum yield ([Formula: see text] is 0.026; quantum yield of lowest triplet state formation is 0.94 and singlet oxygen quantum yield ([Formula: see text] is 0.92. Although [Formula: see text] of DVDMS is only 10% higher than that of Photofrin[Formula: see text] (0.83), the extinction coefficient of DVDMS at 630 nm is 10-fold greater than that of Photofrin[Formula: see text]. This leads to its higher singlet oxygen generation efficiency ([Formula: see text]. The higher [Formula: see text] of DVDMS can result in an effective reduction of dosage (1/10 of Photofrin[Formula: see text] reaching the same cytotoxic effect as Photofrin[Formula: see text]. Even though [Formula: see text] is approximately equal to that of Photofrin[Formula: see text], brightness ([Formula: see text] of DVDMS is 10-fold greater than that of Photofrin[Formula: see text] because of the 10-fold greater extinction coefficient. Thus, fluorescence diagnosis ability of 0.2 mg/kg DVDMS is comparable to that of 2 mg/kg Photofrin[Formula: see text] used in PDT. Overall, the 10-fold greater extinction coefficients are responsible for the high brightness and singlet oxygen generation efficiency of DVDMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zang
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, 250014, China
| | - Qicheng Fang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ming Fan
- Shenzhen Micromed Tech. Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Shenzhen Micromed Tech. Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Division of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jianting Yao
- Division of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yangdong Zheng
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Wenwu Cao
- Department of Mathematics and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
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Delcanale P, Rodríguez-Amigo B, Juárez-Jiménez J, Luque FJ, Abbruzzetti S, Agut M, Nonell S, Viappiani C. Tuning the local solvent composition at a drug carrier surface: the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide/water mixture on the photofunctional properties of hypericin-β-lactoglobulin complexes. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:1633-1641. [PMID: 32263935 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00081b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation is a major problem for the anti-microbial photodynamic applications of hydrophobic photosensitizers since it strongly reduces the amount of singlet oxygen generated in aqueous solutions. Binding of hypericin (Hyp) to the milk whey protein β-lactoglobulin (βLG), occurring at the two hydrophobic cavities located at the interface of the protein homodimer, can be exploited to confer water-solubility and biocompatibility to the photosensitizer. The introduction of a small amount of the organic cosolvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) leads to a remarkable improvement of the photophysical properties of the complex Hyp-βLG by increasing its fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen photosensitization quantum yields. Surprisingly, the ability of the complex to photo-inactivate bacteria of the strain Staphylococcus aureus is strongly reduced in the presence of DMSO, despite the higher yield of photosensitization. The reasons for this apparently contradictory behavior are investigated, providing new insights into the use of carrier systems for hydrophobic photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Delcanale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Gattuso H, Marazzi M, Dehez F, Monari A. Deciphering the photosensitization mechanisms of hypericin towards biological membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:23187-23193. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03723f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular modeling and simulation allow unravelling the molecular basis of the photosensitization of biological membranes by the hypericin drug used in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Gattuso
- Université de Lorraine – Nancy, Theory-Modeling-Simulations SRSMC Boulevard des Aiguillettes Vandeouvre-lès-Nancy
- France
- CNRS
- Theory-Modeling-Simulations SRSMC Boulevard des Aiguillettes Vandeouvre-lès-Nancy
- France
| | - Marco Marazzi
- Université de Lorraine – Nancy, Theory-Modeling-Simulations SRSMC Boulevard des Aiguillettes Vandeouvre-lès-Nancy
- France
- CNRS
- Theory-Modeling-Simulations SRSMC Boulevard des Aiguillettes Vandeouvre-lès-Nancy
- France
| | - François Dehez
- Université de Lorraine – Nancy, Theory-Modeling-Simulations SRSMC Boulevard des Aiguillettes Vandeouvre-lès-Nancy
- France
- CNRS
- Theory-Modeling-Simulations SRSMC Boulevard des Aiguillettes Vandeouvre-lès-Nancy
- France
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine – Nancy, Theory-Modeling-Simulations SRSMC Boulevard des Aiguillettes Vandeouvre-lès-Nancy
- France
- CNRS
- Theory-Modeling-Simulations SRSMC Boulevard des Aiguillettes Vandeouvre-lès-Nancy
- France
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27
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Zang L, Zhao H, Ji X, Cao W, Zhang Z, Meng P. Photophysical properties, singlet oxygen generation efficiency and cytotoxic effects of aloe emodin as a blue light photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in dermatological treatment. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:1088-1094. [PMID: 28530733 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00453a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aloe emodin with anticancer and photosensitising capabilities, excited by blue light, is proposed as a photosensitizer to treat superficial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zang
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Shandong Normal University
- Ji'nan 250014
- China
| | - Xueyu Ji
- Department of Stomatology
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Wenwu Cao
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
- China
- Department of Mathematics and Materials Research Institute
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Peisong Meng
- Department of Stomatology
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150001
- China
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28
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Jämbeck JPM, Eriksson ESE, Laaksonen A, Lyubartsev AP, Eriksson LA. Molecular Dynamics Studies of Liposomes as Carriers for Photosensitizing Drugs: Development, Validation, and Simulations with a Coarse-Grained Model. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 10:5-13. [PMID: 26579887 DOI: 10.1021/ct400466m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are proposed as drug delivery systems and can in principle be designed so as to cohere with specific tissue types or local environments. However, little detail is known about the exact mechanisms for drug delivery and the distributions of drug molecules inside the lipid carrier. In the current work, a coarse-grained (CG) liposome model is developed, consisting of over 2500 lipids, with varying degrees of drug loading. For the drug molecule, we chose hypericin, a natural compound proposed for use in photodynamic therapy, for which a CG model was derived and benchmarked against corresponding atomistic membrane bilayer model simulations. Liposomes with 21-84 hypericin molecules were generated and subjected to 10 microsecond simulations. Distribution of the hypericins, their orientations within the lipid bilayer, and the potential of mean force for transferring a hypericin molecule from the interior aqueous "droplet" through the liposome bilayer are reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim P M Jämbeck
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma S E Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander P Lyubartsev
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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29
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Subdiffraction localization of a nanostructured photosensitizer in bacterial cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15564. [PMID: 26494535 PMCID: PMC4616064 DOI: 10.1038/srep15564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial treatments based on photosensitized production of reactive oxygen species is a promising approach to address local microbial infections. Given the small size of bacterial cells, identification of the sites of binding of the photosensitizing molecules is a difficult issue to address with conventional microscopy. We show that the excited state properties of the naturally occurring photosensitizer hypericin can be exploited to perform STED microscopy on bacteria incubated with the complex between hypericin and apomyoglobin, a self-assembled nanostructure that confers very good bioavailability to the photosensitizer. Hypericin fluorescence is mostly localized at the bacterial wall, and accumulates at the polar regions of the cell and at sites of cell wall growth. While these features are shared by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, only the latter are effectively photoinactivated by light exposure.
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30
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Timor R, Weitman H, Waiskopf N, Banin U, Ehrenberg B. PEG-Phospholipids Coated Quantum Rods as Amplifiers of the Photosensitization Process by FRET. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:21107-21114. [PMID: 26334672 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen ((1)O2) generated upon photostimulation of photosensitizer molecules is a highly reactive specie which is utilized in photodynamic therapy. Recent studies have shown that semiconductor nanoparticles can be used as donors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process to excite attached photosensitizer molecules. In these studies, their unique properties, such as low nanoscale size, long-term photostability, wide broad absorbance band, large absorption cross section, and narrow and tunable emission bands were used to provide advantages over the traditional methods to produce singlet oxygen. Previous studies that achieved this goal, however, showed some limitations, such as low FRET efficiency, poor colloidal stability, nonspecific interactions, and/or complex preparation procedure. In this work, we developed and characterized a novel system of semiconductor quantum rods (QRs) and the photosensitizer meso-tetra(hydroxyphenyl) chlorin (mTHPC), as a model system that produces singlet oxygen without these limitations. A simple two-step preparation method is shown; Hydrophobic CdSe/CdS QRs are solubilized in aqueous solutions by encapsulation with lecithin and PEGylated phospholipid (PEG-PL) of two lipid lengths: PEG350 or PEG2000. Then, the hydrophobic photosensitizer mTHPC, was intercalated into the new amphiphilic PEG-PL coating of the QR, providing a strong attachment to the nanoparticle without covalent linkage. These PEGylated QR (eQR)-mTHPC nanocomposites show efficient FRET processes upon light stimulation of the QR component which results in efficient production of singlet oxygen. The results demonstrate the potential for future use of this concept in photodynamic therapy schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Timor
- Department of Physics and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University , Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Hana Weitman
- Department of Physics and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University , Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Nir Waiskopf
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Benjamin Ehrenberg
- Department of Physics and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University , Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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31
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Vilsinski BH, Gerola AP, Enumo JA, Campanholi KDSS, Pereira PCDS, Braga G, Hioka N, Kimura E, Tessaro AL, Caetano W. Formulation of Aluminum Chloride Phthalocyanine in Pluronic™P-123 and F-127 Block Copolymer Micelles: Photophysical properties and Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:518-25. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gustavo Braga
- Chemistry Department; State University of Maringá; Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | - Noboru Hioka
- Chemistry Department; State University of Maringá; Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | - Elza Kimura
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; State University of Maringá; Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | - André Luiz Tessaro
- Chemistry Departament; The Federal University of Technology; Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Chemistry Department; State University of Maringá; Maringá Paraná Brazil
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32
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Secondary plant products causing photosensitization in grazing herbivores: their structure, activity and regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:1441-65. [PMID: 24451131 PMCID: PMC3907879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15011441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosensitivity in animals is defined as a severe dermatitis that results from a heightened reactivity of skin cells and associated dermal tissues upon their exposure to sunlight, following ingestion or contact with UV reactive secondary plant products. Photosensitivity occurs in animal cells as a reaction that is mediated by a light absorbing molecule, specifically in this case a plant-produced metabolite that is heterocyclic or polyphenolic. In sensitive animals, this reaction is most severe in non-pigmented skin which has the least protection from UV or visible light exposure. Photosensitization in a biological system such as the epidermis is an oxidative or other chemical change in a molecule in response to light-induced excitation of endogenous or exogenously-delivered molecules within the tissue. Photo-oxidation can also occur in the plant itself, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species, free radical damage and eventual DNA degradation. Similar cellular changes occur in affected herbivores and are associated with an accumulation of photodynamic molecules in the affected dermal tissues or circulatory system of the herbivore. Recent advances in our ability to identify and detect secondary products at trace levels in the plant and surrounding environment, or in organisms that ingest plants, have provided additional evidence for the role of secondary metabolites in photosensitization of grazing herbivores. This review outlines the role of unique secondary products produced by higher plants in the animal photosensitization process, describes their chemistry and localization in the plant as well as impacts of the environment upon their production, discusses their direct and indirect effects on associated animal systems and presents several examples of well-characterized plant photosensitization in animal systems.
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33
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Barras A, Boussekey L, Courtade E, Boukherroub R. Hypericin-loaded lipid nanocapsules for photodynamic cancer therapy in vitro. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:10562-10572. [PMID: 24056802 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02724d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypericin (Hy), a naturally occurring photosensitizer (PS), is extracted from Hypericum perforatum plants, commonly known as St. John's wort. The discovery of the in vitro and in vivo photodynamic activities of hypericin as a photosensitizer generated great interest, mainly to induce a very potent antitumoral effect. However, this compound belongs to the family of naphthodianthrones which are known to be poorly soluble in physiological solutions and produce non-fluorescent aggregates (A. Wirz et al., Pharmazie, 2002, 57, 543; A. Kubin et al., Pharmazie, 2008, 63, 263). These phenomena can reduce its efficiency as a photosensitizer for the clinical application. In the present contribution, we have prepared, characterized, and studied the photochemical properties of Hy-loaded lipid nanocapsule (LNC) formulations. The amount of singlet oxygen ((1)O2) generated was measured by the use of p-nitroso-dimethylaniline (RNO) as a selective scavenger under visible light irradiation. Our results showed that Hy-loaded LNCs suppressed aggregation of Hy in aqueous media, increased its apparent solubility, and enhanced the production of singlet oxygen in comparison with free drug. Indeed, encapsulation of Hy in LNCs led to an increase of (1)O2 quantum yield to 0.29-0.44, as compared to 0.02 reported for free Hy in water. Additionally, we studied the photodynamic activity of Hy-loaded LNCs on human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) cells. The cell viability decreased radically to 10-20% at 1 μM, reflecting Hy-loaded LNC25 phototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Barras
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (IRI), USR CNRS 3078, Université Lille 1, Parc de la Haute Borne, 50 Avenue de Halley, BP 70478, 59658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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34
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Ytzhak S, Weitman H, Ehrenberg B. The Effect of Lipid Composition on the Permeability of Fluorescent Markers from Photosensitized Membranes. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:619-24. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shany Ytzhak
- Department of Physics and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials; Bar Ilan University; Ramat Gan; Israel
| | - Hana Weitman
- Department of Physics and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials; Bar Ilan University; Ramat Gan; Israel
| | - Benjamin Ehrenberg
- Department of Physics and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials; Bar Ilan University; Ramat Gan; Israel
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35
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Strejčková A, Staničová J, Jancura D, Miškovský P, Bánó G. Spatial Orientation and Electric-Field-Driven Transport of Hypericin Inside of Bilayer Lipid Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:1280-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3114539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Strejčková
- Department of Biophysics, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Jesenná
5, Košice 041 54, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Staničová
- Institute of Biophysics and
Biomathematics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenského 73, Košice 041 81, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniel Jancura
- Department of Biophysics, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Jesenná
5, Košice 041 54, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Miškovský
- Department of Biophysics, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Jesenná
5, Košice 041 54, Slovak Republic
| | - Gregor Bánó
- Department of Biophysics, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Jesenná
5, Košice 041 54, Slovak Republic
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36
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Tran TH, Bae BC, Lee YK, Na K, Huh KM. Heparin-folate-retinoic acid bioconjugates for targeted delivery of hydrophobic photosensitizers. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 92:1615-24. [PMID: 23399198 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic heparin-retinoic acid (HR) and heparin-folate-retinoic acid bioconjugates (HFR) were synthesized by chemical conjugation of a hydrophobic anticancer agent all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and a targeting ligand, folic acid (FA), to the high molecular weight heparin backbone. The HR and HFR bioconjugates had a high RA content (22%, w/w) and could self-assemble into nanoparticles with efficient encapsulation of a hydrophobic photosensitizer, pheophorbide a (PhA). The HFR bioconjugate demonstrated higher PhA loading content and loading efficiency compared to HR bioconjugate. The PhA-loaded HR and HFR nanoparticles had an average diameter of about 70 nm, a negatively charged surface, a sustained release pattern and self-quenching effect in a buffered solution. Furthermore, the cellular uptake of PhA-loaded HFR nanoparticles in folate receptor-positive HeLa cells was higher than that of PhA-loaded HR nanoparticles. Upon irradiation, HFR nanoparticles selectively enhanced the phototoxicity of PhA in HeLa cells while the dark-toxicity of the nanoparticles was minimal without light treatment. HFR nanoparticles also demonstrated targeted anti-cancer effect, improving the cytotoxicity of RA in HeLa cells compared to HR nanoparticles at RA concentration ≥50 μg/mL. The targeting effect of HFR and PhA-loaded HFR nanoparticles was not observed in folate receptor-negative HT-29 cells. The results indicated that HFR nanoparticles may be useful for targeted delivery of hydrophobic PDT agents and as a potential nanocarrier for dual chemo-and photodynamic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Huyen Tran
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Chungnam National University, 220, Gung-dong, Yuseng-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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37
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Gyenge EB, Lüscher D, Forny P, Antoniol M, Geisberger G, Walt H, Patzke G, Maake C. Photodynamic mechanisms induced by a combination of hypericin and a chlorin based-photosensitizer in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 89:150-62. [PMID: 22882495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate photodynamic therapy (PDT) effects mediated by hypericin and a liposomal meso-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin (mTHPC) derivative, with focus on their 1:1 mixture, on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Absorption, excitation and photobleaching were monitored using fluorescence spectrometry, showing the same spectral patterns for the mixture as measured for single photosensitizers. In the mixture mTHPC showed a prolonged photo-stability. Singlet oxygen yield for light-activated mTHPC was Φ(Δ) = 0.66, for hypericin Φ(Δ) = 0.25 and for the mixture Φ(Δ) = ~0.4. A linear increase of singlet oxygen yield for mTHPC and the mixture was found, whereas hypericin achieved saturation after 35 min. Reactive oxygen species fluorescence was only visible after hypericin and mixture-induced PDT. Cell viability was also more affected with these two treatment options under the selected conditions. Examination of death pathways showed that hypericin-mediated cell death was apoptotic, with mTHPC necrotic and the 1:1 mixture showed features of both. Changes in gene expression after PDT indicated strong up-regulation of selected heat-shock proteins. The application of photosensitizer mixtures with the features of reduced dark toxicity and combined apoptotic and necrotic cell death may be beneficial in clinical PDT. This will be the focus of our future investigations.
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38
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Cohen Y, Weitman H, Afri M, Yanus R, Rudnick S, Talmon Y, Schmidt J, Aped P, Shatz S, Ehrenberg B, Frimer AA. The effect of intercalants on the host liposome. J Liposome Res 2012; 22:306-18. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2012.698419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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39
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López-Chicón P, Paz-Cristobal MP, Rezusta A, Aspiroz C, Royo-Cañas M, Andres-Ciriano E, Gilaberte Y, Agut M, Nonell S. On the mechanism of Candida spp. photoinactivation by hypericin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1099-107. [PMID: 22566080 DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photoprocesses involved in hypericin photoinactivation of three different Candida species (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. krusei) have been examined. Production of singlet oxygen from the triplet state and of superoxide from both the triplet state and the semiquinone radical anion are demonstrated. Hydrogen peroxide is formed downstream of these early events. The outcome of the photodynamic treatments is dictated by the intracellular distribution of hypericin, which is different in the three species and affects the ability of hypericin to produce the different reactive oxygen species and trigger cell-death pathways. The results are in line with the previously-observed different susceptibilities of the three Candida species to hypericin photodynamic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia López-Chicón
- IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta, 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Novel nanostructural photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy: in vitro studies. Int J Pharm 2012; 430:129-40. [PMID: 22525077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizing properties of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (p-THPP) functionalized by covalent attachment of one chain of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a molecular weight of 350, 2000, or 5000 Da (p-THPP-PEG(350), p-THPP-PEG(2000), p-THPP-PEG(5000)) were studied in vitro. Dark and photo cytotoxicity of these photosensitizers delivered in solution or embedded in liposomes were evaluated on two cell lines: a human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT 116) and a prostate cancer cell line (DU 145), and compared with these treated with free p-THPP. The attachment of PEG chains results in the pronounced reduction of the dark cytotoxicity of the parent porphyrin. Cell viability tests have demonstrated that the phototoxicity of pegylated porphyrins is dependent on the length of PEG chain and p-THPP-PEG(2000) exhibited the highest photodynamic efficacy for both cell lines. The encapsulation into liposomes did not improve the PDT effect. However, the liposomal formulation of p-THPP-PEG(2000) showed a greater tendency to induce apoptosis in both cell lines than the parent or pegylated porphyrin delivered in solution. The colocalization of p-THPP, p-THPP-PEG(2000) and p-THPP-PEG(2000) enclosed in liposomes with fluorescent markers for lysosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus (GA) was determined in the HCT 116 line. The p-THPP exhibited ubiquitous intracellular distribution with a preference for membranes: mitochondria, ER, GA, lysosomes and plasma membrane. Fluorescence of p-THPP-PEG(2000) was observed within the cytoplasm, with a stronger signal detected in membranous organelle: mitochondria, ER, GA and lysosomes. In contrast, p-THPP-PEG(2000) delivered in liposomes gave a distinct lysosomal pattern of localization.
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41
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Bae BC, Li F, Ling D, Na K. Self-organized nanogel from pullulan/pheophorbide-A conjugate as a macromolecular photodynamic agent. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424610002707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential of pullulan(PL)/pheophorbide-A(phA) nanogel (PL/phA) was evaluated as a macromolecular photosensitizer (PS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Two samples with different degrees of substitution of phA (PL/phA1 and 2) were synthesized and analyzed by 1H NMR. The mean diameters of self-organized nanogels from PL/phA1 and 2 in aqueous solution were approximately 100 and 160 nm with mono-size distribution, respectively. The changes in nanogel photoactivity such as fluorescence intensity and singlet oxygen (1O2) production were observed in the solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Although, their photoactivity in DMSO, which cannot form self-organized nanogels, was similar to that of free phA, activities were suppressed in the aqueous solution due to self-quenching between phAs similar to a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect. Moreover, as the nanogels were co-incubated with HeLa cells, the self-quenching effect gradually disappeared as a function of time. Based upon confocal microscopy and cytotoxicity results, we infer that the nanogels were internalized in cancer cells by endocytosis and then degraded by various enzymes in the endosome and lysosome, leading to the restoration of photoactivity. Therefore, the self-organized PL/phA nanogels may be recommended for development of new PDT with minimal unfavorable phototoxic affects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-chan Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokkok2-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Korea
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokkok2-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Korea
| | - Daishun Ling
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokkok2-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Korea
| | - Kun Na
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokkok2-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Korea
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42
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Minnes R, Weitman H, Ehrenberg B. The effect of lipid composition, bilayer phase and temperature on the uptake of hematoporphyrin by liposomal membranes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424607000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated, spectroscopically, the binding of hematoporphyrin (HP) to non-charged lipid vesicles as a function of temperature and the molecular structure of the phospholipid. The temperature dependence of partitioning was employed to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters of the process. We studied the binding of HP to liposomes composed of different phospholipids: natural lecithin and three chemically defined phosphatidylcholines: dimiristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-myristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (PMPC) and 1-stearoyl-2-myristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (SMPC), at different temperatures. The last three lipids differ only in the length of the fatty acid on 1 position of the glycerol backbone. Consequently, they have different phase transition temperatures and different order parameters. For SMPC, PMPC and DMPC, we checked the effect of temperatures above and below the phase transition while for lecithin, whose phase transition temperature is well below 0 °C, only temperatures above the phase transition could be tested. A very distinct effect of the phase transition on the binding constant was observed. Below this temperature a dramatic decrease in the binding was observed as the temperature was increased. Above the phase transition, the effect of temperature declined and the changes were minor compared to the changes observed when the bilayers undergo the solid-gel phase transition. Differences in HP binding to the various bilayers were attributed to the differences in the order parameters of DMPC, PMPC, SMPC and lecithin bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refael Minnes
- Department of Physics and Nano Medicine Research Center, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Hana Weitman
- Department of Physics and Nano Medicine Research Center, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Benjamin Ehrenberg
- Department of Physics and Nano Medicine Research Center, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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Mahendran A, Kopkalli Y, Ghosh G, Ghogare A, Minnis M, Kruft BI, Zamadar M, Aebisher D, Davenport L, Greer A. A hand-held fiber-optic implement for the site-specific delivery of photosensitizer and singlet oxygen. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:1330-7. [PMID: 21790616 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have constructed a fiber optic device that internally flows triplet oxygen and externally produces singlet oxygen, causing a reaction at the (Z)-1,2-dialkoxyethene spacer group, freeing a pheophorbide sensitizer upon the fragmentation of a reactive dioxetane intermediate. The device can be operated and sensitizer photorelease observed using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. We demonstrate the preference of sensitizer photorelease when the probe tip is in contact with octanol or lipophilic media. A first-order photocleavage rate constant of 1.13 h(-1) was measured in octanol where dye desorption was not accompanied by readsorption. When the probe tip contacts aqueous solution, the photorelease was inefficient because most of the dye adsorbed on the probe tip, even after the covalent ethene spacer bonds have been broken. The observed stability of the free sensitizer in lipophilic media is reasonable even though it is a pyropheophorbide-a derivative that carries a p-formylbenzylic alcohol substituent at the carboxylic acid group. In octanol or lipid systems, we found that the dye was not susceptible to hydrolysis to pyropheophorbide-a, otherwise a pH effect was observed in a binary methanol-water system (9:1) at pH below 2 or above 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaickapillai Mahendran
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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44
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The effect of liposomes’ surface electric potential on the uptake of hematoporphyrin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2031-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Self-quenchable biofunctional nanoparticles of heparin–folate-photosensitizer conjugates for photodynamic therapy. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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46
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Kalarical Janardhanan S, Narayan S, Abbineni G, Hayhurst A, Mao C. Architectonics of phage-liposome nanowebs as optimized photosensitizer vehicles for photodynamic cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:2524-35. [PMID: 20807781 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous M13 phage can be engineered to display cancer cell-targeting or tumor-homing peptides through phage display. It would be highly desirable if the tumor-targeting phage can also carry anticancer drugs to deliver them to the cancer cells. We studied the evolution of structures of the complexes between anionic filamentous M13 phage and cationic serum-stable liposomes that encapsulate the monomeric photosensitizer zinc naphthalocyanine. At specific phage-liposome ratios, multiple phage nanofibers and liposomes are interwoven into a "nanoweb." The chemical and biological properties of the phage-liposome nanoweb were evaluated for possible application in drug delivery. This study highlights the ability of phage-liposome nanowebs to serve as efficient carriers in the transport of photosensitizers to cancer cells.
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47
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Bae BC, Na K. Self-quenching polysaccharide-based nanogels of pullulan/folate-photosensitizer conjugates for photodynamic therapy. Biomaterials 2010; 31:6325-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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48
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Eriksson ESE, Santos DJVAD, Guedes RC, Eriksson LA. Properties and Permeability of Hypericin and Brominated Hypericin in Lipid Membranes. J Chem Theory Comput 2009; 5:3139-49. [DOI: 10.1021/ct9002702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma S. E. Eriksson
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden, Modelling and Simulation Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, Department of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-019 Lisbon, Portugal, and School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel J. V. A. dos Santos
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden, Modelling and Simulation Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, Department of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-019 Lisbon, Portugal, and School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Rita C. Guedes
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden, Modelling and Simulation Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, Department of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-019 Lisbon, Portugal, and School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Leif A. Eriksson
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden, Modelling and Simulation Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, Department of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-019 Lisbon, Portugal, and School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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49
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Theodossiou TA, Hothersall JS, De Witte PA, Pantos A, Agostinis P. The Multifaceted Photocytotoxic Profile of Hypericin. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:1775-89. [DOI: 10.1021/mp900166q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theodossis A. Theodossiou
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, BHF Laboratories, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, U.K., Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - John S. Hothersall
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, BHF Laboratories, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, U.K., Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter A. De Witte
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, BHF Laboratories, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, U.K., Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexandros Pantos
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, BHF Laboratories, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, U.K., Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, BHF Laboratories, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, U.K., Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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50
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Nawalany K, Rusin A, Kepczyński M, Mikhailov A, Kramer-Marek G, Snietura M, Połtowicz J, Krawczyk Z, Nowakowska M. Comparison of photodynamic efficacy of tetraarylporphyrin pegylated or encapsulated in liposomes: in vitro studies. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2009; 97:8-17. [PMID: 19665390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two photosensitizing systems: (1) tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (p-THPP) encapsulated in sterically stabilized liposomes (SSL) and (2) p-THPP functionalized by covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (p-THPP-PEG(2000)) were studied in vitro. The dark and photo cytotoxicity of these systems were evaluated on two cell lines: HCT 116, a human colorectal carcinoma cell line, and DU 145, a prostate cancer cell line and compared with these determined for free p-THPP. It was demonstrated that both encapsulation in liposomes as well as attachment of PEG chain result in pronounced reduction of the dark cytotoxicity of the parent porphyrin. The liposomal formulation showed higher than p-THPP-PEG(2000) photocytotoxicity towards both cell lines used in the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Nawalany
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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