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Gao Y, Xie F, Bai H, Zeng L, Zhang J, Liu M, Zhu W. A carbon felt cathode modified by acidic oxidised carbon nanotubes for the high H 2O 2 generation and its application in electro-Fenton. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:1669-1682. [PMID: 36408871 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2150093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a carbon felt (CF) cathode modified by the acidic oxidised carbon nanotubes (OCNTs) exhibited a high yield of the H2O2 generation in electro-Fenton. Rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements showed that the selective generation of H2O2 occurred on the CF cathode coated by OCNTs (OCNTs/CF), which was attributed to the high amount of oxygen-containing functional groups in OCNTs. Moreover, the pollutant degradation efficiency could almost reach 100% within 60 min in electro-Fenton with OCNTs/CF as the cathode. Furthermore, the pollutant removal efficiency was kept constant after five consecutive cycles, indicating the high stability of OCNTs/CF cathode. Besides, the hydrophilicity of OCNTs/CF cathode was significantly enhanced owing to the abundant oxygen-contained functional groups on the surface of the OCNTs/CF cathode, which facilitated the mass transfer between the OCNTs/CF cathode and the reactants in the bulk solution. To reveal the possible mechanism in electro-Fenton equipped with the OCNTs/CF cathode, quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigations were further conducted. This work provided valuable insights into the fabrication of the non-metallic cathode with a high ability towards H2O2 generation in electro-Fenton for efficient pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangshu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Bai
- College of literature, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihuang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Xie F, Zhu W, Lin P, Zhang J, Hao Z, Zhang J, Huang T. A bimetallic (Co/Fe) modified nickel foam (NF) anode as the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator: Characteristics and mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Yan ZY, Chen J, Shao J, Jiao ZQ, Tang TS, Tang M, Sheng ZG, Mao L, Huang R, Huang CH, Zhang ZH, Su HM, Zhu BZ. The cell-impermeable Ru(II) polypyridyl complex as a potent intracellular photosensitizer under visible light irradiation via ion-pairing with suitable lipophilic counter-anions. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:69-79. [PMID: 33957221 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Developing the cell-impermeable Ru(II) polypyridyl cationic complexes as effective photosensitizers (PS) which have high cellular uptake and photo-toxicity, but low dark toxicity, is quite challenging. Here we found that the highly reactive singlet oxygen (1O2) can be generated by the irradiation of a typical Ru(II) polypyridyl complex Ru(II)tris(tetramethylphenanthroline) ([Ru(TMP)3]2+) under visible light irradiation by ESR with TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone-N-oxyl) as 1O2 probe. Effective cellular and nuclear delivery of cationic [Ru(TMP)3]2+ was achieved through our recently developed ion-pairing method, and 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,5-TeCP) was found to be the most effective among all chlorophenols tested. The accelerated cellular, especially nuclear uptake of [Ru(TMP)3]2+ results in the formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and DNA strand breaks, caspase 3/7 activation and cell apoptosis in HeLa cells upon light irradiation. More importantly, compared with other traditional photosensitizers, [Ru(TMP)3]2+ showed significant photo-toxicity but low dark toxicity. Similar effects were observed when 2,3,4,5-TeCP was substituted by the currently clinically used anti-inflammatory drug flufenamic acid. This represents the first report that the cell-impermeable Ru(II) polypyridyl complex ion-paired with suitable lipophilic counter-anions functions as potent intracellular photosensitizer under visible light irradiation mainly via a 1O2-mediated mechanism. These findings should provide new perspectives for future investigations on other metal complexes with similar characteristics as promising photosensitizers for potential photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Ying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jie Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Ze-Qing Jiao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Tian-Shu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Miao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Zhi-Guo Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Li Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Chun-Hua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; Department of Stomatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Hong-Mei Su
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Ben-Zhan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Joint Institute for Environmental Science, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences and Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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Dias LM, Sharifi F, de Keijzer MJ, Mesquita B, Desclos E, Kochan JA, de Klerk DJ, Ernst D, de Haan LR, Franchi LP, van Wijk AC, Scutigliani EM, Cavaco JEB, Tedesco AC, Huang X, Pan W, Ding B, Krawczyk PM, Heger M. Attritional evaluation of lipophilic and hydrophilic metallated phthalocyanines for oncological photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 216:112146. [PMID: 33601256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Oncological photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on photosensitizers (PSs) to photo-oxidatively destroy tumor cells. Currently approved PSs yield satisfactory results in superficial and easy-to-access tumors but are less suited for solid cancers in internal organs such as the biliary system and the pancreas. For these malignancies, second-generation PSs such as metallated phthalocyanines are more appropriate. Presently it is not known which of the commonly employed metallated phtahlocyanines, namely aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPC) and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC) as well as their tetrasulfonated derivatives AlPCS4 and ZnPCS4, is most cytotoxic to tumor cells. This study therefore employed an attritional approach to ascertain the best metallated phthalocyanine for oncological PDT in a head-to-head comparative analysis and standardized experimental design. METHODS ZnPC and AlPC were encapsulated in PEGylated liposomes. Analyses were performed in cultured A431 cells as a template for tumor cells with a dysfunctional P53 tumor suppressor gene and EGFR overexpression. First, dark toxicity was assessed as a function of PS concentration using the WST-1 and sulforhodamine B assay. Second, time-dependent uptake and intracellular distribution were determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, respectively, using the intrinsic fluorescence of the PSs. Third, the LC50 values were established for each PS at 671 nm and a radiant exposure of 15 J/cm2 following 1-h PS exposure. Finally, the mode of cell death as a function of post-PDT time and cell cycle arrest at 24 h after PDT were analyzed. RESULTS In the absence of illumination, AlPC and ZnPC were not toxic to cells up to a 1.5-μM PS concentration and exposure for up to 72 h. Dark toxicity was noted for AlPCS4 at 5 μM and ZnPCS4 at 2.5 μM. Uptake of all PSs was observed as early as 1 min after PS addition to cells and increased in amplitude during a 2-h incubation period. After 60 min, the entire non-nuclear space of the cell was photosensitized, with PS accumulation in multiple subcellular structures, especially in case of AlPC and AlPCS4. PDT of cells photosensitized with ZnPC, AlPC, and AlPCS4 yielded LC50 values of 0.13 μM, 0.04 μM, and 0.81 μM, respectively, 24 h post-PDT (based on sulforhodamine B assay). ZnPCS4 did not induce notable phototoxicity, which was echoed in the mode of cell death and cell cycle arrest data. At 4 h post-PDT, the mode of cell death comprised mainly apoptosis for ZnPC and AlPC, the extent of which was gradually exacerbated in AlPC-photosensitized cells during 8 h. ZnPC-treated cells seemed to recover at 8 h post-PDT compared to 4 h post-PDT, which had been observed before in another cell line. AlPCS4 induced considerable necrosis in addition to apoptosis, whereby most of the cell death had already manifested at 2 h after PDT. During the course of 8 h, necrotic cell death transitioned into mainly late apoptotic cell death. Cell death signaling coincided with a reduction in cells in the G0/G1 phase (ZnPC, AlPC, AlPCS4) and cell cycle arrest in the S-phase (ZnPC, AlPC, AlPCS4) and G2 phase (ZnPC and AlPC). Cell cycle arrest was most profound in cells that had been photosensitized with AlPC and subjected to PDT. CONCLUSIONS Liposomal AlPC is the most potent PS for oncological PDT, whereas ZnPCS4 was photodynamically inert in A431 cells. AlPC did not induce dark toxicity at PS concentrations of up to 1.5 μM, i.e., > 37 times the LC50 value, which is favorable in terms of clinical phototoxicity issues. AlPC photosensitized multiple intracellular loci, which was associated with extensive, irreversible cell death signaling that is expected to benefit treatment efficacy and possibly immunological long-term tumor control, granted that sufficient AlPC will reach the tumor in vivo. Given the differential pharmacokinetics, intracellular distribution, and cell death dynamics, liposomal AlPC may be combined with AlPCS4 in a PS cocktail to further improve PDT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Mendes Dias
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Farangis Sharifi
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J de Keijzer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Mesquita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie Desclos
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jakub A Kochan
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J de Klerk
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Daniël Ernst
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lianne R de Haan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Leonardo P Franchi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) 2, Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering - Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albert C van Wijk
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Enzo M Scutigliani
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José E B Cavaco
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Antonio C Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering - Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Weiwei Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Baoyue Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Przemek M Krawczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Heger
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Zhu W, Li Y, Gao Y, Wang C, Zhang J, Bai H, Huang T. A new method to fabricate the cathode by cyclic voltammetric electrodeposition for electro-Fenton application. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zheng Y, Li Z, Chen H, Gao Y. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for controllable photodynamic cancer therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 144:105213. [PMID: 31926941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Compared with the traditional treatment, photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of malignant tumors has the advantages of less damage to normal tissues, quick therapeutic effect, and ability to repeat treatments to the same site. However, most of the traditional photosensitizers (PSs) have severe skin photosensitization, poor tumor targeting, and low therapeutic effect in hypoxic tumor environment, which limit the application of PDT. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can improve the targeting of PSs and release drugs with controllable photoactivity at predetermined locations, so as to achieve desired therapeutic effects with minimal side-effects. The present review summarizes the current nanoparticle platforms for PDT, and offers the description of different strategies including tumor-targeted delivery, controlled-release of PSs and the triggered photoactivity to achieve controllable PDT by nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. The challenges and prospects for further development of intelligent PSs for PDT are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zheng
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Ziying Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Ishii
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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Chowdhury M, Sarkar S, Das PK. Photosensitizer Tailored Surface Functionalized Carbon Dots for Visible Light Induced Targeted Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4953-4965. [PMID: 35021495 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a photosensitizer (riboflavin) tailored surface functionalized carbon dot (RCD1s) was designed to utilize it in visible light induced targeted cancer therapy. At first, phenylboronic acid appended biotinylated blue emitting carbon dot (CD1s) was synthesized. Riboflavin having "diol" moiety was covalently linked with this CD1s to prepare RCD1s by using complementary boronate-diol linkage. Lewis acid-base interaction facilitated the covalent linkage formation between the surface functionalizing agent of CD1s and riboflavin to develop water-soluble, green emitting RCD1s. Interestingly, this newly synthesized RCD1s has the ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl and superoxide radicals under exposure of visible light (wavelength: 460-490 nm). These ROS also can destroy the structure of DNA by oxidative pathway. Thus, under irradiation of visible light (wavelength: 460-490 nm), RCD1s was found to kill HeLa and B16F10 melanoma cells over noncancer cell NIH3T3 by ∼5-fold higher efficacy through ROS induced oxidative DNA damage. The presence of biotin on the surface of the riboflavin tethered carbon dot is essential for the selective killing of cancer cells over normal cells. In the presence of UV light (340-420 nm), RCD1s showed no notable killing of cancer cells as well as normal cells. Besides, RCD1s in the presence of visible light selectively stained HeLa and B16F10 cells over noncancerous cell NIH3T3 by exploiting its fluorescence and cancer cell targeting moiety, biotin. Hence, the newly developed RCD1s can be utilized in theranostic applications including bioimaging and selective killing of cancer cells in the presence of visible light (460-490 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Chowdhury
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Saheli Sarkar
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Das
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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Miretti M, Juri L, Cosiansi MC, Tempesti TC, Baumgartner MT. Antimicrobial Effects of ZnPc Delivered into Liposomes on Multidrug Resistant (MDR)‐
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Miretti
- INFIQC (CONICET). Dpto. de Química OrgánicaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Córdoba 5000) Córdoba Argentina
| | - Leticia Juri
- Laboratorio Regional de TuberculosisHospital Transito Cáceres de Allende. Córdoba 5000) Córdoba Argentina
| | - María C. Cosiansi
- Laboratorio Regional de TuberculosisHospital Transito Cáceres de Allende. Córdoba 5000) Córdoba Argentina
| | - Tomas C. Tempesti
- INFIQC (CONICET). Dpto. de Química OrgánicaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Córdoba 5000) Córdoba Argentina
| | - María T. Baumgartner
- INFIQC (CONICET). Dpto. de Química OrgánicaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Córdoba 5000) Córdoba Argentina
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Huang Z, Xiao H, Lu X, Yan W, Ji Z. Enhanced photo/chemo combination efficiency against bladder tumor by encapsulation of DOX and ZnPC into in situ-formed thermosensitive polymer hydrogel. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7623-7631. [PMID: 30538447 PMCID: PMC6251462 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s179226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy after transurethral resection is commonly recommended for bladder cancer. However, studies have shown that chemotherapy solely can hardly decrease progression rates of bladder cancer. The combination of chemotherapeutic agents with photo-dynamic therapy (PDT), a new promising localized therapy, may become a workable strategy for combating bladder cancer. This study reports the combination of doxorubicin (DOX)-based chemotherapy and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC)-based PDT using in situ-formed thermal-responsive copolymer hydrogel. MATERIALS AND METHODS The copolymer was synthesized by polymerization of 3-caprolactone, 1,4,8-trioxa[4.6]spiro-9-undecanone and poly(ethylene glycol) and was abbreviated as PCL-PTSUO-PEG. The thermal-responsive nanoparticles (TNPs) were prepared by the nanoprecipitation technology. The thermal-responsive hydrogel was formed after 37°C heating of TNP solution. The size, morphology and dynamic viscosity of hydrogel were detected. The in vitro drug release profile of TNP/DOX/ZnPC was performed. Cell uptake, cell inhibition and ROS generation of TNP/DOX/ZnPC were studied in 5637 cells. The in vivo antitumor activity of TNP/DOX/ZnPC was evaluated in nude mice bearing 5637 cells xenograft. RESULTS TNP/DOX and TNP/ZnPC had an average diameter of 102 and 108 nm, respectively. After being heated at 37°C for 5 minutes, TNP/DOX and TNP/ZnPC solution turned uniform light red and dark green hydrogel. ZnPC encapsulation designed by TNP could significantly improve its aqueous solubility to 1.9 mg/mL. Cell inhibition showed that the best cell inhibition was found, with cell viability of 18.5%, when the weight ratio of DOX and ZnPC encapsulated in the TNP reached about 1:5. TNP/DOX/ZnPC generated relative high level of ROS with 4.8-fold of free ZnPC and 1.6-fold of TNP/ZnPC. TNP/DOX/ZnPC showed only 8-fold of relative tumor growth without obvious toxicity to the mice. CONCLUSION Thermosensitive thermal-responsive hydrogel reported in this contribution are promising in situ-formed matrix for DOX- and ZnPC-based photo/chemo combination treatment for bladder cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Huang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China,
| | - He Xiao
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China,
| | - Xiangyun Lu
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China,
| | - Weigang Yan
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China,
| | - Zhigang Ji
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China,
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Kessel D. Apoptosis, Paraptosis and Autophagy: Death and Survival Pathways Associated with Photodynamic Therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:119-125. [PMID: 29882356 DOI: 10.1111/php.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability of photosensitizing agents to create photodamage at specific subcellular sites has proved useful for characterizing pathway(s) to cell death and for selecting optimal targets for anti-tumor efficacy. Both apoptosis and autophagy can occur after photodamage directed at mitochondria, lysosomes or the ER, with the balance often a determinant of overall efficacy. A combination of lysosomal + mitochondrial targets is associated with enhanced efficacy. More recently, ER photodamage was found to evoke a mainly unexplored mode of photokilling that involves extensive cytoplasmic vacuole formation but does not represent autophagy. This has been termed "paraptosis" and appears to be a reaction to the appearance of misfolded ER proteins. This report is designed to summarize current knowledge relating to death pathways and update information relating to paraptosis as a PDT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kessel
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
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12
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Xu P, Jia Y, Yang Y, Chen J, Hu P, Chen Z, Huang M. Photodynamic Oncotherapy Mediated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8667-8672. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Centre for
Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yuhua Jia
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Centre for
Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- College
of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yongshuai Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Centre for
Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- College
of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Jincan Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Centre for
Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Centre for
Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Centre for
Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Mingdong Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Centre for
Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- College
of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P. R. China
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13
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Wang A, He J, Kong L, Zhang N, Zheng T. Research on photosensitivity of benzoquinones and benzoquinoneimines in the sunlight/Fe2+/S2O8 2− system. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Abstract
The role of metal ions in the mechanism of light-stimulated redox activity of potential anticancer agent 2-phenyl-4-(butylamino)naphtha[2,3-h]quinoline-7,12-dione (Qc) has been studied by CIDNP (chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization) and EPR methods. The photo-induced oxidation of NADH and its synthetic analog – substituted dihydropyridine (DHP) – by quinone Qc was used as a model. The Qc capability of producing chelating complexes with divalent metal ions of Fe, Zn and Ca was studied quantitatively by optical absorption spectroscopy. A significant decrease of electrochemical reduction potential of Qc (ΔE=0.4−0.6 eV for ACN and ACN/PBS solutions) in chelating complexes and in protonated form of Qc was observed. A pronounced increase in efficiency of DHP oxidation in chelating complexes with Zn2+ and Ca2+ ions compared with free Qc was demonstrated. The yields of free radicals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reaction products, were a few times higher than those in the absence of metal ions. Application of such chelating compounds to enhance ROS generation looks very promising for anti-cancer therapy, including the photodynamic therapy.
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15
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Garcia-Diaz M, Huang YY, Hamblin MR. Use of fluorescent probes for ROS to tease apart Type I and Type II photochemical pathways in photodynamic therapy. Methods 2016; 109:158-166. [PMID: 27374076 PMCID: PMC5075498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy involves the excitation of a non-toxic dye by harmless visible light to produce a long-lived triplet state that can interact with molecular oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage biomolecules and kill cells. ROS produced by electron transfer (Type 1) include superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical (HO), while singlet oxygen (1O2) is produced by energy transfer. Diverse methods exist to distinguish between these two pathways, some of which are more specific or more sensitive than others. In this review we cover the use of two fluorescence probes: singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG) detects 1O2; and 4-hydroxyphenyl-fluorescein (HPF) that detects HO. Interesting data was collected concerning the photochemical pathways of functionalized fullerenes compared to tetrapyrroles, stable synthetic bacteriochlorins with and without central metals, phenothiazinium dyes interacting with inorganic salts such as azide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garcia-Diaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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16
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The hydroxypyridinone iron chelator CP94 increases methyl-aminolevulinate-based photodynamic cell killing by increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species. Redox Biol 2016; 9:90-99. [PMID: 27454766 PMCID: PMC4961297 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl-aminolevulinate-based photodynamic therapy (MAL-PDT) is utilised clinically for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers and pre-cancers and the hydroxypyridinone iron chelator, CP94, has successfully been demonstrated to increase MAL-PDT efficacy in an initial clinical pilot study. However, the biochemical and photochemical processes leading to CP94-enhanced photodynamic cell death, beyond the well-documented increases in accumulation of the photosensitiser protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), have not yet been fully elucidated. This investigation demonstrated that MAL-based photodynamic cell killing of cultured human squamous carcinoma cells (A431) occurred in a predominantly necrotic manner following the generation of singlet oxygen and ROS. Augmenting MAL-based photodynamic cell killing with CP94 co-treatment resulted in increased PpIX accumulation, MitoSOX-detectable ROS generation (probably of mitochondrial origin) and necrotic cell death, but did not affect singlet oxygen generation. We also report (to our knowledge, for the first time) the detection of intracellular PpIX-generated singlet oxygen in whole cells via electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in conjunction with a spin trap. Augmentation of MAL-based photodynamic cell killing with CP94 increases necrosis. CP94 augmentation increases generation of ROS, likely to be mitochondria-localised. PpIX-generated 1O2 was detected in whole cells by EPR spectroscopy. Photodynamic cell killing was dependent primarily on 1O2. Superoxide/other ROS also contributed to the efficacy of photodynamic cell killing.
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17
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Dąbrowski JM, Arnaut LG. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer: from local to systemic treatment. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00132c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires a medical device, a photosensitizing drug and adequate use of both to trigger biological mechanisms that can rapidly destroy the primary tumour and provide long-lasting protection against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis G. Arnaut
- Chemistry Department
- University of Coimbra
- 3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
- Luzitin SA
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18
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Riyad YM, Naumov S, Schastak S, Griebel J, Kahnt A, Häupl T, Neuhaus J, Abel B, Hermann R. Chemical Modification of a Tetrapyrrole-Type Photosensitizer: Tuning Application and Photochemical Action beyond the Singlet Oxygen Channel. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:11646-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jp507270k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser M. Riyad
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute
for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sergej Naumov
- Chemical
Department, Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification, Permoserstrasse
15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stanislaw Schastak
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Univeristy of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse
10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Laser-Medical Center e.V., Liebigstrasse
10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Griebel
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute
for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular
Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tilmann Häupl
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute
for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jochen Neuhaus
- Department
of Urology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Abel
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute
for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Chemical
Department, Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification, Permoserstrasse
15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hermann
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute
for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Laser-Medical Center e.V., Liebigstrasse
10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Qian W, Wei W, Hong M, Jianfeng C, Guangwen C, Haikui Z. Microwave assisted synthesis of ZnPc-COOH and SiO 2 /ZnPc-COOH nanopaticles: Singlet oxygen production and photocatalytic property. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Jiang Z, Shao J, Yang T, Wang J, Jia L. Pharmaceutical development, composition and quantitative analysis of phthalocyanine as the photosensitizer for cancer photodynamic therapy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 87:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Theories of radiationless conversions and of chemical processes were employed to
design better photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In addition to
photostability and intense absorption in the near infrared, these
photosensitizers were required to generate high yields of long-lived triplet
states that could efficiently transfer their energy, or an electron, to
molecular oxygen. The guidance provided by the theories was combined with the
ability to synthesize large quantities of pure photosensitizers and with the
biological screening of graded hydrophilicities/lipophilicities. The theoretical
prediction that halogenated sulfonamide tetraphenylbacteriochlorins could
satisfy all the criteria for ideal PDT photosensitizers was verified
experimentally.
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22
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Chu M, Peng J, Zhao J, Liang S, Shao Y, Wu Q. Laser light triggered-activated carbon nanosystem for cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2013; 34:1820-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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24
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ALLEN CYNTHIAM, SHARMAN WESLEYM, VAN LIER JOHANE. Current status of phthalocyanines in the photodynamic therapy of cancer. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jpp.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a binary treatment now accepted in clinic for various malignancies in several countries around the world. Phthalocyanine molecules are second-generation photosensitizers with enhanced photophysical and photochemical properties over those of porphyrins. They have been shown to be phototoxic against a number of cell types and tumor models. A great deal of research has been devoted to the elucidation of their mechanism of action and mode of cell death. The present paper reviews phthalocyanine pre-clinical anti-cancer research with emphasis on phthalocyanine induced apoptosis using a silicon phthalocyanine, Pc 4. A brief summary of the latest clinical results using phthalocyanines is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- CYNTHIA M. ALLEN
- MRC Group in the Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - WESLEY M. SHARMAN
- MRC Group in the Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - JOHAN E. VAN LIER
- MRC Group in the Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4, Canada
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25
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Dąbrowski JM, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM, Urbańska K, Simões S, Stochel G, Cortes L. Combined effects of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical in photodynamic therapy with photostable bacteriochlorins: evidence from intracellular fluorescence and increased photodynamic efficacy in vitro. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1188-200. [PMID: 22285766 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides of halogenated bacteriochlorins bearing Cl or F substituents in the ortho positions of the phenyl rings have adequate properties for photodynamic therapy, including strong absorption in the near-infrared (λ(max) ≈ 750 nm, ε ≈ 10(5) M(-1) cm(-1)), controlled photodecomposition, large cellular uptake, intracellular localization in the endoplasmic reticulum, low cytotoxicity, and high phototoxicity against A549 and S91 cells. The roles of type I and type II photochemical processes are assessed by singlet oxygen luminescence and intracellular hydroxyl radical detection. Phototoxicity of halogenated sulfonamide bacteriochlorins does not correlate with singlet oxygen quantum yields and must be mediated both by electron transfer (superoxide ion, hydroxyl radicals) and by energy transfer (singlet oxygen). The photodynamic efficacy is enhanced when cellular death is induced by both singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals.
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26
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Torrent-Burgués J. Phase separation in mixed monolayers of arachidic acid and a phthalocyanine of zinc. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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27
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Németh A, Mamasheva Z, Jemnitz K, Vidóczy T, Jakus J. Effect of tetrapyrrole-based photosensitizers on spin trapping by 5,5-dymethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424605000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Kinetics of the effect of three different tetrapyrrole-based photosenzitizers, pheophorbide a, meso-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin, and 3,7-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-2,8,12,17-tetramethyl-13,18-bis[(5-propoxycarbonyl-3-4-dihidroxy-phenyloxy) ethyl] porphyrin, on spin trapping with of 5,5-dymethyl-1-pyrroline N -oxide (DMPO) – a method widely applied in photodynamic therapy research – was investigated in the chemical model system of initiated oxidation of ethylbenzene. Spin adducts were measured by ESR spectroscopy, and kinetics of the consumption of the spin trap and accumulation of main products of oxidation (acetophenon, 1-phenyl-ethanol and 1-phenyl-ethyl-hydroperoxide) were followed using high performance liquid chromatography. The ESR spectrum of the non-illuminated system corresponded to an adduct formed between the spin trap and α–phenylethyl peroxyl radical, while under illumination, the spectrum indicated competitive formation of another adduct. Based on analysis of the corresponding g factor and hyperfine coupling constant values of the latter adduct ( g = 2.00587, αN = 13.57 G , αH = 2.27 G ), the nitrone ring has presumably been split up and an adduct was formed between α-phenylethyl radical and 4-methyl-4-nitrosopentanoic acid – a product of the oxidation of the parent spin trap by singlet oxygen. Computer modeling based on detailed reaction mechanism and fitted to the measured data confirmed this assumption. The rate constants gave values of 2.3 × 105 M −1. s −1 for the formation of the adduct and 1.0 × 104 M −1. s −1 for its decay by interaction with free radicals offering a more detailed quantitative understanding of spin trapping in the presence of tetrapyrrole photosensitizers under illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Németh
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 59-67 Pusztaszeri út, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zuchra Mamasheva
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 59-67 Pusztaszeri út, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Jemnitz
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 59-67 Pusztaszeri út, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Vidóczy
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 59-67 Pusztaszeri út, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Jakus
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 59-67 Pusztaszeri út, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary
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28
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Lopez T, Ortiz E, Alvarez M, Navarrete J, Odriozola JA, Martinez-Ortega F, Páez-Mozo EA, Escobar P, Espinoza KA, Rivero IA. Study of the stabilization of zinc phthalocyanine in sol-gel TiO2 for photodynamic therapy applications. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2010; 6:777-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Gümüştaş M, Sesalan B, Atukeren P, Yavuz B, Gül A. The photodegradation of a zinc phthalocyanine. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2010.534987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.K. Gümüştaş
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul University , 34093, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - B.S. Sesalan
- b Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Istanbul , 34469, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - P. Atukeren
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul University , 34093, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - B. Yavuz
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul University , 34093, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - A. Gül
- b Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Istanbul , 34469, Istanbul , Turkey
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30
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Diaz-Uribe CE, Daza MC, Martínez F, Páez-Mozo EA, Guedes CL, Di Mauro E. Visible light superoxide radical anion generation by tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin/TiO2: EPR characterization. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Zhao P, Woo JW, Park YS, Song Y, Zhang F. Synthesis of polymeric phthalocyanine sulfonate photosensitizer and its photodegradation on rhodamine B in aqueous medium. Macromol Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-010-0502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Chiou JF, Wang YH, Jou MJ, Liu TZ, Shiau CY. Verteporfin-photoinduced apoptosis in HepG2 cells mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species intermediates. Free Radic Res 2009; 44:155-70. [DOI: 10.3109/10715760903380458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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33
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Mroz P, Bhaumik J, Dogutan DK, Aly Z, Kamal Z, Khalid L, Kee HL, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS, Hamblin MR. Imidazole metalloporphyrins as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy: role of molecular charge, central metal and hydroxyl radical production. Cancer Lett 2009; 282:63-76. [PMID: 19346065 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro photodynamic therapy activity of four imidazole-substituted metalloporphyrins has been studied using human (HeLa) and mouse (CT26) cancer cell lines: an anionic Zn porphyrin and a homologous series of three cationic Zn, Pd or InCl porphyrins. A dramatic difference in phototoxicity was found: Pd cationic>InCl cationic>Zn cationic>Zn anionic. HeLa cells were more susceptible than CT26 cells. Induction of apoptosis was demonstrated using a fluorescent caspase assay. The anionic Zn porphyrin localized in lysosomes while the cationic Zn porphyrin localized in lysosomes and mitochondria, as assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Studies using fluorescent probes suggested that the cationic Pd porphyrin produced more hydroxyl radicals as the reactive oxygen species. Thus, the cationic Pd porphyrin has high potential as a photosensitizer and gives insights into characteristics for improved molecular designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Mroz
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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34
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Ogata M, Inanami O, Nakajima M, Nakajima T, Hiraoka W, Kuwabara M. Ca2+-dependent and Caspase-3-independent Apoptosis Caused by Damage in Golgi Apparatus due to 2,4,5,7-Tetrabromorhodamine 123 Bromide-induced Photodynamic Effects ¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0780241cacacb2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Wu L, Li A, Gao G, Fei Z, Xu S, Zhang Q. Efficient photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution catalyzed by polydivinylbenzene-supported zinc phthalocyanine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2007.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Lu Z, Tao Y, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Li C, Ou L, Zhao B. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide-mediated cancer cell apoptosis in 2-butylamino-2-demethoxyhypocrellin B photodynamic treatment. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 41:1590-605. [PMID: 17045927 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 08/26/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel and promising cancer treatment which employs a combination of a photosensitizing chemical and visible light to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Singlet oxygen has been recognized as the main origin of oxidative stress in PDT. However, the precise mechanism of PDT-induced apoptosis is not well characterized, especially the dualistic role of nitric oxide (NO). To dissect the apoptosis pathways triggered by PDT, the intracellular free radicals in MCF-7 cells were investigated by examining a novel photosensitizer 2-butylamino-2-demethoxyhypocrellin B (2-BA-2-DMHB)-mediated PDT. It was found that exposure of the cells to 2-BA-2-DMHB and irradiation resulted in a significant increase of intracellular ROS in minutes, and then followed by cytoplasmic free calcium enhancement, mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS) activation, cytochrome c release, and apoptotic death. Scavengers of singlet oxygen or NO could attenuate PDT-induced cell viability loss, nucleus morphology changes, cytochrome c release, mitochondria swelling, and apo-apoptosis gene p53 and p21 mRNA levels. The results suggested that both ROS and NO played important roles in the apoptosis-induced by PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Recognition Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
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37
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Voszka I, Budai M, Szabó Z, Maillard P, Csík G, Gróf P. Interaction of photosensitizers with liposomes containing unsaturated lipid. Chem Phys Lipids 2006; 145:63-71. [PMID: 17118350 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Revised: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Small unilamellar liposomes were made of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine and dioleoyl-phosphatidylcholine, and photosensitized by a symmetrically or an asymmetrically substituted glycosilated tetraphenyl-porphyrin derivative. As differential scanning calorimetry and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) revealed these porphyrin derivatives were localized in different depth within the lipid bilayer. Both porphyrin derivatives were able to induce photoreaction and consequent structural changes in the membrane. 5-, 12-, or 16-doxyl stearic acid labeled lipid bilayers were applied and the efficiency of photoinduced reaction was followed by the decay of their EPR signal amplitude. Light dose-dependent destruction of nitroxide radical proved to be dependent on the position of spin label. In this process the porphyrin localized in closer connection with the double bond of unsaturated fatty acid was more effective. EPR signal decay was also dependent on the unsaturated fatty acid content of the liposome and the oxygen saturation of the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Voszka
- Institute of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Puskin Street 9, POB 263, Budapest H-1444, Hungary.
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Roby A, Erdogan S, Torchilin VP. Solubilization of poorly soluble PDT agent, meso-tetraphenylporphin, in plain or immunotargeted PEG-PE micelles results in dramatically improved cancer cell killing in vitro. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2005; 62:235-40. [PMID: 16326084 PMCID: PMC1634738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2005.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Revised: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/01/2005] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Poorly soluble photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent, meso-tetratphenylporphine (TPP), was effectively solubilized using non-targeted and tumor-targeted polymeric micelles prepared of polyethylene glycol/phosphatidyl ethanolamine conjugate (PEG-PE). Encapsulation of TPP into PEG-PE-based micelles and immunomicelles (bearing an anti-cancer monoclonal 2C5 antibody) resulted in significantly improved anticancer effects of the drug at PDT conditions against murine (LLC, B16) and human (MCF-7, BT20) cancer cells in vitro. For this purpose, the cells were incubated for 6 or 18 h with the TPP or TPP-loaded PEG-PE micelles/immunomicelles and then light-irradiated for 30 min. The phototoxic effect depended on the TPP concentration and specific targeting by immunomicelles. An increased level of apoptosis was shown in the PDT-treated cultures. The attachment of the anti-cancer 2C5 antibodies to TPP-loaded micelles provided the maximum level of cell killing at a given time. The results of this study showed that TPP-containing PEG-PE micelles may represent a useful formulation of the photosensitizer for practical PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Roby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Tatibouët JM, Guélou E, Fournier J. Catalytic oxidation of phenol by hydrogen peroxide over a pillared clay containing iron. Active species and pH effect. Top Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-005-2531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rotta JCG, Lunardi CN, Tedesco AC. Nitric oxide release from the S-nitrosothiol zinc phthalocyanine complex by flash photolysis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2003; 36:587-94. [PMID: 12715077 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2003000500005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The photogeneration of nitric oxide (NO) using laser flash photolysis was investigated for S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO) and S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (NacySNO) at pH 6.4 (PBS/HCl) and 7.4 (PBS). Irradiation of S-nitrosothiol with light (lambda = 355 nm followed by absorption spectroscopy) resulted in the homolytic decomposition of NacySNO and GSNO to generate radicals (GS and NacyS ) and NO. The release of NO from donor compounds measured with an ISO-Nometer apparatus was larger at pH 7.4 than pH 6.4. NacySNO was also incorporated into dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine liposomes in the presence and absence of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC), a well-known photosensitizer useful for photodynamic therapy. Liposomes are usually used as carriers for hydrophobic compounds such as ZnPC. Inclusion of ZnPC resulted in a decrease in NO liberation in liposomal medium. However, there was a synergistic action of both photosensitizers and S-nitrosothiols resulting in the formation of other reactive species such as peroxynitrite, which is a potent oxidizing agent. These data show that NO release depends on pH and the medium, as well as on the laser energy applied to the system. Changes in the absorption spectrum were monitored as a function of light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C G Rotta
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeir o Preto, SP, Brasil
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Abstract
Prompted by the observation of ischaemia development during the treatment of tumours by photodynamic therapy (PDT) that is typically followed by a restoration of tumour blood flow and by the indications of secondary superoxide generation after PDT, we aimed in this study to obtain evidence of the induction of ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in PDT-treated tumours. Using subcutaneous mouse FsaR fibrosarcoma model and Photofrin-based PDT treatment, we have examined the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO, a key enzyme in the I/R injury development) in tumours before and after the therapy. Compared to the levels in nontreated tumours, there was a five-fold increase in the activity of this enzyme in tumours excised immediately after PDT. This burst of elevated XO activity declined rapidly, returning to the pretreatment levels within the next 30 min. Visible reflectance spectroscopy confirmed the occurrence of a PDT-induced strong but temporary reduction in tumour oxygenation. The administration of XO inhibitor oxypurinol prevented this PDT-induced rise in XO activity. The oxypurinol treatment also decreased the extent of neutrophil accumulation in PDT-treated tumours and reduced the level of PDT-mediated cures. These results demonstrate the induction of I/R injury in PDT-treated tumours, and show that it can contribute to the therapy outcome. Since I/R injury is a well-recognised proinflammatory insult, we suggest that its induction in PDT-treated tumours promotes the development of inflammatory response that has become established as a key element of the antitumour effect of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Korbelik
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.
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Golab J, Nowis D, Skrzycki M, Czeczot H, Baranczyk-Kuzma A, Wilczynski GM, Makowski M, Mroz P, Kozar K, Kaminski R, Jalili A, Kopec' M, Grzela T, Jakobisiak M. Antitumor effects of photodynamic therapy are potentiated by 2-methoxyestradiol. A superoxide dismutase inhibitor. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:407-14. [PMID: 12409296 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m209125200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a promising therapeutic modality for the management of solid tumors, is a two-phase treatment consisting of a photosensitizer and visible light. Increasing evidence indicates that tumor cells in regions exposed to sublethal doses of PDT can respond by rescue responses that lead to insufficient cell death. We decided to examine the role of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in the effectiveness of PDT and to investigate whether 2-methoxyestradiol (2-MeOE(2)), an inhibitor of SODs, is capable of potentiating the antitumor effects of this treatment regimen. In the initial experiment we observed that PDT induced the expression of MnSOD but not Cu,Zn-SOD in cancer cells. Pretreatment of cancer cells with a cell-permeable SOD mimetic, Mn(II)-tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride, and transient transfection with the MnSOD gene resulted in a decreased effectiveness of PDT. Inhibition of SOD activity in tumor cells by preincubation with 2-MeOE(2) produced synergistic antitumor effects when combined with PDT in 3 murine and 5 human tumor cell lines. The combination treatment was also effective in vivo producing retardation of the tumor growth and prolongation of the survival of tumor-bearing mice. We conclude that inhibition of MnSOD activity by 2-MeOE(2) is an effective treatment modality capable of potentiating the antitumor effectiveness of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland.
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Ogata M, Inanami O, Nakajima M, Nakajima T, Hiraoka W, Kuwabara M. Ca2+-dependent and Caspase-3–independent Apoptosis Caused by Damage in Golgi Apparatus due to 2,4,5,7-Tetrabromorhodamine 123 Bromide–induced Photodynamic Effects¶. Photochem Photobiol 2003; 78:241-7. [PMID: 14556310 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)078<0241:cacacb>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the role of the Golgi apparatus in photodynamic therapy-induced apoptosis, its signaling pathway was studied after photodynamic treatment of human cervix carcinoma cell line HeLa, in which a photosensitizer, 2,4,5,7-tetrabromorhodamine 123 bromide (TBR), was incorporated into the Golgi apparatus. Laser scanning microscopic analysis of TBR-loaded HeLa cells confirmed that TBR was exclusively located in the Golgi apparatus. HeLa cells incubated with TBR for 1 h were then exposed to visible light using an Xe lamp. Light of wavelength below 670 nm was eliminated with a filter. Morphological observation of nuclei stained with Hoechst 33342 revealed that apoptosis of cells was induced by exposure to light. Electron spin resonance spectrometry showed that light-exposed TBR produced both singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide anion (O2-). Apoptosis induction by TBR was inhibited by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an O2- scavenger, but not by NaN3, a quencher of 1O2. Furthermore, TBR-induced apoptosis was inhibited by aurintricarboxylic acid and ZnCl2, which are known as inhibitors of deoxyribonuclease (DNase) gamma, and (acetoxymethyl)-1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, a chelator of Ca2+, but not by acetyl Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde, an inhibitor of caspase-3. These results suggested that O2- was responsible for TBR-induced apoptosis, and Ca(2+)-dependent and caspase-3-independent nuclease such as DNase gamma played an important role in apoptotic signaling triggered by Golgi dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Ogata
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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Ma J, Jiang L. Photogeneration of singlet oxygen (1O2) and free radicals (Sen*-, O2*-) by tetra-brominated hypocrellin B derivative. Free Radic Res 2001; 35:767-77. [PMID: 11811528 DOI: 10.1080/10715760100301271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To improve photodynamic activity of the parent hypocrellin B (HB), a tetra-brominated HB derivative (compound 1) was synthesized in high yield. Compared with HB, compound 1 has enhanced red absorption and high molar extinction coefficients. The photodynamic action of compound 1, especially the generation mechanism and efficiencies of active species (Sens*-, O2*- and 1O2) were studied using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and spectrophotometric methods. In the deoxygenated DMSO solution of compound 1, the semiquinone anion radical of compound 1 is photogenerated via the self-electron transfer between the excited and ground state species. The presence of electron donor significantly promotes the reduction of compound 1. When oxygen is present, superoxide anion radical (O2*-) is formed via the electron transfer from Sens*- to the ground state molecular oxygen. The efficiencies of Sens*- and O2*- generation by compound 1 are about three and two times as much as that of HB, respectively. Singlet oxygen (1O2) can be produced via the energy transfer from triplet compound 1 to ground state oxygen molecules. The quantum yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) is 0.54 in CHCl3 similar to that of HB. Furthermore, it was found that the accumulation of Sens*- would replace that of O2*- or 1O2 with the depletion of oxygen in the sealed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ma
- Centerfor Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Tian C, Xu S, Chen S, Shen J, Zhang M, Shen T. Chelation of hypocrellin B with zinc ions with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) evidence of the photodynamic activity of the resulting chelate. Free Radic Res 2001; 35:543-54. [PMID: 11767412 DOI: 10.1080/10715760100301551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypocrellin B (HB), a perylenequinone derivative, is an efficient phototherapeutic agent. The chelation of HB with Zinc ions (Zn2+) results in a metal chelate (Zn-HB) which exhibits considerable absorption (lambda max = 612 nm) in the phototherapeutic window. The structure of this chelate has been characterized by UV-Vis, IR and mass spectra. The redox potentials of the Zn-HB chelate were Eox = +1.1 V (vs. SCE) and Ere = -0.7 V (vs. SCE) as measured using the circle volt curve. The quantum yield of singlet oxygen generated by the Zn-HB chelate was 0.86, which both the electron spin trap (EPR) method and the chemical trap method show to be about 0.1 higher than that of its parent compound HB. In irradiated oxygen-saturated solutions of Zn-HB chelate, superoxide radical anions and hydroxyl radicals were detected by EPR spectroscopy using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as the spin-trapping agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tian
- Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, P.R. China
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Nagler RM, Eichen Y, Nagler A. Redox metal chelation ameliorates radiation-induced bone marrow toxicity in a mouse model. Radiat Res 2001; 156:205-9. [PMID: 11448242 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2001)156[0205:rmcari]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Since zinc desferrioxamine (Zn-DFO) has been shown to be a very potent protector against injuries induced by redox-active metal ions, we examined its protective effect against radiation-induced toxicity. We found that treatment with Zn-DFO given before TBI increased the survival of mice irradiated with 7.5 and 8.5 Gy. Zn-DFO also protected against radiation-induced myelosuppression and body weight loss, while soluble Il6 levels in serum were normalized in mice pretreated with Zn-DFO. We concluded that administration of Zn-DFO prior to TBI protected BALB/c mice from radiation-induced toxicity, increasing survival rates by up to 75%. The biological effect of Zn-DFO is known to result from its effect on the production of intracellular hydroxyl free radicals mediated by redox-active metal ions, and both metal chelation and zinc delivery appear to be equally likely mechanisms for this outcome. We suggest that radiation-induced toxicity is caused by the deleterious effect of redox-active metal ions, and that compounds which modulate this redox activity may act as radioprotectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Nagler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Biochemistry Laboratory, Rambam Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Sharman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebéc, Canada
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Fuchs J, Weber S, Kaufmann R. Genotoxic potential of porphyrin type photosensitizers with particular emphasis on 5-aminolevulinic acid: implications for clinical photodynamic therapy. Free Radic Biol Med 2000; 28:537-48. [PMID: 10719235 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(99)00255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses exogenously administered photosensitizers activated by light to induce cell death or modulation of immunological cascades, presumably via formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) mediated photosensitization is increasingly used for the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer and other indications including benign skin disorders. Long-term side effects of this investigational modality are presently unknown. Just as tumor treatments such as ionizing radiation and chemotherapy can cause secondary tumor induction, PDT may potentially have a carcinogenic risk. Evaluation of the biological effects of ALA in absence of activating light and analysis of the mechanism of ALA-PDT and porphyrin-type photosensitizers mediated photosensitization indicate that this therapy has a pro-oxidant and genotoxic potential. However, porphyrin type molecules also possess antioxidant and antimutagenic properties. ALA-PDT delays photocarcinogenesis in mice, and topical ALA alone does not increase skin cancer incidence in these animals. Patients with increased tissue levels of ALA have an increased incidence of internal carcinoma, however, it is not clear whether this relationship is casual or causal. There is no evidence indicating higher rates of skin cancer in patients with photosensitivity diseases due to presence of high protoporphyrin IX (PP) levels in skin. Overall, the presently available data indicate that the risk for secondary skin carcinoma after topical ALA-PDT seems to be low, but further studies must be carried out to evaluate the carcinogenic risk of ALA-PDT in conditions predisposed to skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fuchs
- Department of Dermatology, Medical School, J. W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Yuying H, Jingyi A, Lijin J. Glycoconjugated hypocrellin: photosensitized generation of free radicals (O2*-, *OH, and GHB*-) and singlet oxygen (1O2). Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 27:203-12. [PMID: 10443937 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(99)00076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To improve water solubility and specific affinity for malignant tumors, glycoconjugated hypocrellin B (GHB) has been synthesized. Illumination of deoxygenated DMSO solution containing GHB generates a strong electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal. The EPR signal is assigned to the semiquinone anion radical of GHB (GHB*-) based on a series of experimental results. Spectrophotometric measurements show that the absorption bands at 645 nm and 502 nm (pH 8.0) or 505 nm (pH 11.0) arise from the semiquinone anion radical (GHB*-) and hydroquinone (GHBH2) of GHB, respectively. GHBH2 is readily formed via the decay of GHB*- in water-contained solution. The increase of pH value of the reaction media promotes this process. When oxygen is present, superoxide anion radical (O2*-) is formed, via the electron transfer from GHB*-, the precursor, to ground state molecular oxygen. Hydroxyl radical can be readily detected by DMPO spin trapping when aerobic aqueous solution containing GHB is irradiated. As compared with the parent compound, hypocrellin B (HB), the efficiency of O2* and *OH generation by GHB photosensitization is enhanced significantly. Singlet oxygen (1O2) can be produced via the energy transfer from triplet GHB to ground state oxygen molecules, with a decreased quantum yield, i.e., 0.19. These findings suggest that the new GHB possesses an enhanced type I process and a decreased type II process as compared with hypocrellin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yuying
- Institute of Photographic Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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