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Pucelik B, Barzowska A, Sułek A, Werłos M, Dąbrowski JM. Refining antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: effect of charge distribution and central metal ion in fluorinated porphyrins on effective control of planktonic and biofilm bacterial forms. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:539-560. [PMID: 38457119 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance represents a pressing global health challenge, now acknowledged as a critical concern within the framework of One Health. Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms (PDI) offers an attractive, non-invasive approach known for its flexibility, independence from microbial resistance patterns, broad-spectrum efficacy, and minimal risk of inducing resistance. Various photosensitizers, including porphyrin derivatives have been explored for pathogen eradication. In this context, we present the synthesis, spectroscopic and photophysical characteristics as well as antimicrobial properties of a palladium(II)-porphyrin derivative (PdF2POH), along with its zinc(II)- and free-base counterparts (ZnF2POH and F2POH, respectively). Our findings reveal that the palladium(II)-porphyrin complex can be classified as an excellent generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), encompassing both singlet oxygen (Φ△ = 0.93) and oxygen-centered radicals. The ability of photosensitizers to generate ROS was assessed using a variety of direct (luminescence measurements) and indirect techniques, including specific fluorescent probes both in solution and in microorganisms during the PDI procedure. We investigated the PDI efficacy of F2POH, ZnF2POH, and PdF2POH against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. All tested compounds proved high activity against Gram-positive species, with PdF2POH exhibiting superior efficacy, leading to up to a 6-log reduction in S. aureus viability. Notably, PdF2POH-mediated PDI displayed remarkable effectiveness against S. aureus biofilm, a challenging target due to its complex structure and increased resistance to conventional treatments. Furthermore, our results show that PDI with PdF2POH is more selective for bacterial than for mammalian cells, particularly at lower light doses (up to 5 J/cm2 of blue light illumination). This enhanced efficacy of PdF2POH-mediated PDI as compared to ZnF2POH and F2POH can be attributed to more pronounced ROS generation by palladium derivative via both types of photochemical mechanisms (high yields of singlet oxygen generation as well as oxygen-centered radicals). Additionally, PDI proved effective in eliminating bacteria within S. aureus-infected human keratinocytes, inhibiting infection progression while preserving the viability and integrity of infected HaCaT cells. These findings underscore the potential of metalloporphyrins, particularly the Pd(II)-porphyrin complex, as promising photosensitizers for PDI in various bacterial infections, warranting further investigation in advanced infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Sano Centre for Computational Medicine, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agata Barzowska
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Sułek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Sano Centre for Computational Medicine, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Werłos
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Malec D, Warszyńska M, Repetowski P, Siomchen A, Dąbrowski JM. Enhancing Visible-Light Photocatalysis with Pd(II) Porphyrin-Based TiO 2 Hybrid Nanomaterials: Preparation, Characterization, ROS Generation, and Photocatalytic Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:7819. [PMID: 38067548 PMCID: PMC10707769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel hybrid TiO2-based materials were obtained by adsorption of two different porphyrins on the surface of nanoparticles-commercially available 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS) and properly modified metalloporphyrin-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-difluoro-3-sulfophenyl)porphyrin palladium(II) (PdF2POH). The immobilization of porphyrins on the surface of TiO2 was possible due to the presence of sulfonyl groups. To further elevate the adsorption of porphyrin, an anchoring linker-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA)-was used. The synthesis of hybrid materials was proven by electronic absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and photoelectrochemistry. Results prove the successful photosensitization of TiO2 to visible light by both porphyrins. However, the presence of the palladium ion in the modifier structure played a key role in strong adsorption, enhanced charge separation, and thus effective photosensitization. The incorporation of halogenated metalloporphyrins into TiO2 facilitates the enhancement of the comprehensive characteristics of the investigated materials and enables the evaluation of their performance under visible light. The effectiveness of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was also determined. Porphyrin-based materials with the addition of PHBA seemed to generate ROS more effectively than other composites. Interestingly, modifications influenced the generation of singlet oxygen for TPPS but not hydroxyl radical, in contrast to PdF2POH, where singlet oxygen generation was not influenced but hydroxyl radical generation was increased. Palladium (II) porphyrin-modified materials were characterized by higher photostability than TPPS-based nanostructures, as TPPS@PHBA-P25 materials showed the highest singlet oxygen generation and may be oxidized during light exposure. Photocatalytic activity tests with two model pollutants-methylene blue (MB) and the opioid drug tramadol (TRML)-confirmed the light dose-dependent degradation of those two compounds, especially PdF2POH@P25, which led to the virtually complete degradation of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Malec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (D.M.); (M.W.); (P.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Marta Warszyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (D.M.); (M.W.); (P.R.); (A.S.)
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Repetowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (D.M.); (M.W.); (P.R.); (A.S.)
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anton Siomchen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (D.M.); (M.W.); (P.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Janusz M. Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (D.M.); (M.W.); (P.R.); (A.S.)
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Dąbrowski JM. Photodynamic therapy combined with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy: new possibilities for the treatment of immunogenic cancers. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Trochowski M, Kobielusz M, Pucelik B, Dąbrowski JM, Macyk W. Dihydroxyanthraquinones as stable and cost-effective TiO2 photosensitizers for environmental and biomedical applications. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Pucelik B, Sułek A, Borkowski M, Barzowska A, Kobielusz M, Dąbrowski JM. Synthesis and Characterization of Size- and Charge-Tunable Silver Nanoparticles for Selective Anticancer and Antibacterial Treatment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:14981-14996. [PMID: 35344328 PMCID: PMC8990520 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the research of nanoparticles (NPs) with controlled charge and size are driven by their potential application in the development of novel technologies and innovative therapeutics. This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and comprehensive biological evaluation of AgNPs functionalized by N,N,N-trimethyl-(11-mercaptoundecyl) ammonium chloride (TMA) and trisodium citrate (TSC). The prepared AgNPs were well characterized in terms of their morphological, spectroscopic and functional properties and biological activities. The implementation of several complementary techniques allowed not only the estimation of the average particle size (from 3 to 40 nm depending on the synthesis procedure used) but also the confirmation of the crystalline nature of the NPs and their round shape. To prove the usefulness of these materials in biological systems, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity in microbial and mammalian cells were determined. Positively charged 10 nm Ag@TMA2 revealed antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.17 μg/mL and complete eradication of Escherichia coli (7 logs) for Ag@TMA2 at a concentration of 0.50 μg/mL, whereas negatively charged 10 nm Ag@TSC1 was effective against Gram-positive bacteria (MIC = 0.05 μg/mL), leading to inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus at relatively low concentrations. In addition, the largest 40 nm Ag@TSC2 was shown to exhibit pronounced anticancer activity against murine colon carcinoma (CT26) and murine mammary gland carcinoma (4T1) cells cultured as 2D and 3D tumor models and reduced toxicity against human HaCaT keratinocytes. Among the possible mechanisms of AgNPs are their ability to generate reactive oxygen species, which was further evaluated in vitro and correlates well with cellular accumulation and overall activity of AgNPs. Furthermore, we confirmed the anticancer efficacy of the most potent Ag@TSC2 in hiPSC-derived colonic organoids and demonstrated that the NPs are biocompatible and applicable in vivo. A pilot study in BALB/c mice evidenced that the treatment with Ag@TSC2 resulted in temporary (>60 days) remission of CT26 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pucelik
- Małopolska
Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Sułek
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Borkowski
- Jerzy
Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy
of Sciences, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Barzowska
- Małopolska
Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Kobielusz
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Pucelik B, Barzowska A, Dąbrowski JM, Czarna A. Diabetic Kinome Inhibitors-A New Opportunity for β-Cells Restoration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9083. [PMID: 34445786 PMCID: PMC8396662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, and several diseases related to diabetes, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders, represent one of the major ongoing threats to human life, becoming a true pandemic of the 21st century. Current treatment strategies for diabetes mainly involve promoting β-cell differentiation, and one of the most widely studied targets for β-cell regeneration is DYRK1A kinase, a member of the DYRK family. DYRK1A has been characterized as a key regulator of cell growth, differentiation, and signal transduction in various organisms, while further roles and substrates are the subjects of extensive investigation. The targets of interest in this review are implicated in the regulation of β-cells through DYRK1A inhibition-through driving their transition from highly inefficient and death-prone populations into efficient and sufficient precursors of islet regeneration. Increasing evidence for the role of DYRK1A in diabetes progression and β-cell proliferation expands the potential for pharmaceutical applications of DYRK1A inhibitors. The variety of new compounds and binding modes, determined by crystal structure and in vitro studies, may lead to new strategies for diabetes treatment. This review provides recent insights into the initial self-activation of DYRK1A by tyrosine autophosphorylation. Moreover, the importance of developing novel DYRK1A inhibitors and their implications for the treatment of diabetes are thoroughly discussed. The evolving understanding of DYRK kinase structure and function and emerging high-throughput screening technologies have been described. As a final point of this work, we intend to promote the term "diabetic kinome" as part of scientific terminology to emphasize the role of the synergistic action of multiple kinases in governing the molecular processes that underlie this particular group of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pucelik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Agata Barzowska
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Janusz M. Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Czarna
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.)
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Sułek A, Pucelik B, Kobielusz M, Barzowska A, Dąbrowski JM. Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacteria with Porphyrin Derivatives: Effect of Charge, Lipophilicity, ROS Generation, and Cellular Uptake on Their Biological Activity In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228716. [PMID: 33218103 PMCID: PMC7698881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics has led to research on various therapeutic strategies with different mechanisms of action, including photodynamic inactivation (PDI). In this work, we evaluated a cationic, neutral, and anionic meso-tetraphenylporphyrin derivative’s ability to inactivate the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in a planktonic suspension under blue light irradiation. The spectroscopic, physicochemical, redox properties, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capacity by a set of photosensitizers varying in lipophilicity were investigated. The theoretical calculations were performed to explain the distribution of the molecular charges in the evaluated compounds. Moreover, logP partition coefficients, cellular uptake, and phototoxicity of the photosensitizers towards bacteria were determined. The role of a specific microbial efflux pump inhibitor, verapamil hydrochloride, in PDI was also studied. The results showed that E. coli exhibited higher resistance to PDI than S. aureus (3–5 logs) with low light doses (1–10 J/cm2). In turn, the prolongation of irradiation (up to 100 J/cm2) remarkably improved the inactivation of pathogens (up to 7 logs) and revealed the importance of photosensitizer photostability. The PDI potentiation occurs after the addition of KI (more than 3 logs extra killing). Verapamil increased the uptake of photosensitizers (especially in E. coli) due to efflux pump inhibition. This effect suggests that PDI is mediated by ROS, the electrostatic charge interaction, and the efflux of photosensitizers (PSs) regulated by multidrug-resistance (MDR) systems. Thus, MDR inhibition combined with PDI gives opportunities to treat more resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Sułek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Barbara Pucelik
- Małopolska Center of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Marcin Kobielusz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Agata Barzowska
- Małopolska Center of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Janusz M. Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-686-2488; Fax: +48-12-686-2750
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Pucelik B, Sułek A, Dąbrowski JM. Bacteriochlorins and their metal complexes as NIR-absorbing photosensitizers: properties, mechanisms, and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pucelik B, Sułek A, Barzowska A, Dąbrowski JM. Recent advances in strategies for overcoming hypoxia in photodynamic therapy of cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 492:116-135. [PMID: 32693200 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The selectivity of photodynamic therapy (PDT) derived from the tailored accumulation of photosensitizing drug (photosensitizer; PS) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and from local irradiation, turns it into a "magic bullet" for the treatment of resistant tumors without sparing the healthy tissue and possible adverse effects. However, locally-induced hypoxia is one of the undesirable consequences of PDT, which may contribute to the emergence of resistance and significantly reduce therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, the development of strategies using new approaches in nanotechnology and molecular biology can offer an increased opportunity to eliminate the disadvantages of hypoxia. Emerging evidence indicates that wisely designed phototherapeutic procedures, including: (i) ROS-tunable photosensitizers, (ii) organelle targeting, (iii) nano-based photoactive drugs and/or PS delivery nanosystems, as well as (iv) combining them with other strategies (i.e. PTT, chemotherapy, theranostics or the design of dual anticancer drug and photosensitizers) can significantly improve the PDT efficacy and overcome the resistance. This mini-review addresses the role of hypoxia and hypoxia-related molecular mechanisms of the HIF-1α pathway in the regulation of PDT efficacy. It also discusses the most recent achievements as well as future perspectives and potential challenges of PDT application against hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Sułek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Barzowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Pucelik B, Sułek A, Drozd A, Stochel G, Pereira MM, Pinto SMA, Arnaut LG, Dąbrowski JM. Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Photodynamic Effect with Amphiphilic Fluorinated Porphyrins: The Role of Sulfoester Groups and the Nature of Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082786. [PMID: 32316355 PMCID: PMC7216003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A class of amphiphilic photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) was developed. Sulfonate esters of modified porphyrins bearing-F substituents in the ortho positions of the phenyl rings have adequate properties for PDT, including absorption in the red, increased cellular uptake, favorable intracellular localization, low cytotoxicity, and high phototoxicity against A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) and CT26 (murine colon carcinoma) cells. Moreover, the role of type I and type II photochemical processes was assessed by fluorescent probes specific for various reactive oxygen species (ROS). The photodynamic effect is improved not only by enhanced cellular uptake but also by the high generation of both singlet oxygen and oxygen-centered radicals. All of the presented results support the idea that the rational design of photosensitizers for PDT can be further improved by better understanding the determinants affecting its therapeutic efficiency and explain how smart structural modifications can make them suitable photosensitizers for application in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Małopolska Center of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Sułek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Drozd
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Stochel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Sara M. A. Pinto
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis G. Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Janusz M. Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-686-2488; Fax: +48-12-686-2750
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Pucelik B, Arnaut LG, Dąbrowski JM. Lipophilicity of Bacteriochlorin-Based Photosensitizers as a Determinant for PDT Optimization through the Modulation of the Inflammatory Mediators. J Clin Med 2019; 9:E8. [PMID: 31861531 PMCID: PMC7019385 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) augments the host antitumor immune response, but the role of the PDT effect on the tumor microenvironment in dependence on the type of photosensitizer and/or therapeutic protocols has not been clearly elucidated. We employed three bacteriochlorins (F2BOH, F2BMet and Cl2BHep) of different polarity that absorb near-infrared light (NIR) and generated a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to compare the PDT efficacy after various drug-to-light intervals: 15 min. (V-PDT), 3h (E-PDT) and 72h (C-PDT). We also performed the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of PDT crucial for the generation of the long-lasting antitumor immune response. PDT-induced damage affected the integrity of the host tissue and developed acute (protocol-dependent) local inflammation, which in turn led to the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. In order to further confirm this hypothesis, a number of proteins in the plasma of PDT-treated mice were identified. Among a wide range of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, TNF-α, GM-CSF), chemokines (KC, MCP-1, MIP1α, MIP1β, MIP2) and growth factors (VEGF) released after PDT, an important role was assigned to IL-6. PDT protocols optimized for studied bacteriochlorins led to a significant increase in the survival rate of BALB/c mice bearing CT26 tumors, but each photosensitizer (PS) was more or less potent, depending on the applied DLI (15 min, 3 h or 72 h). Hydrophilic (F2BOH) and amphiphilic (F2BMet) PSs were equally effective in V-PDT (>80 cure rate). F2BMet was the most efficient in E-PDT (DLI = 3h), leading to a cure of 65 % of the animals. Finally, the most powerful PS in the C-PDT (DLI = 72 h) regimen turned out to be the most hydrophobic compound (Cl2BHep), allowing 100 % of treated animals to be cured at a light dose of only 45 J/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Luis G. Arnaut
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
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Aroso RT, Calvete MJ, Pucelik B, Dubin G, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM, Dąbrowski JM. Photoinactivation of microorganisms with sub-micromolar concentrations of imidazolium metallophthalocyanine salts. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 184:111740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kuncewicz J, Dąbrowski JM, Kyzioł A, Brindell M, Łabuz P, Mazuryk O, Macyk W, Stochel G. Perspectives of molecular and nanostructured systems with d- and f-block metals in photogeneration of reactive oxygen species for medical strategies. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sułek A, Pucelik B, Kuncewicz J, Dubin G, Dąbrowski JM. Sensitization of TiO2 by halogenated porphyrin derivatives for visible light biomedical and environmental photocatalysis. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Luz AFS, Pucelik B, Pereira MM, Dąbrowski JM, Arnaut LG. Translating phototherapeutic indices from in vitro to in vivo photodynamic therapy with bacteriochlorins. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 50:451-459. [PMID: 29714399 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare hydrophilic and lipophilic bacteriochlorin photosensitizers in the photodynamic therapy of cancer, and relate their properties and in vitro phototoxicities to the efficacy of in vivo PDT treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Photochemical characterization of a hydrophilic bacteriochlorin (F2 BOH) photosensitizer, and its use in PDT was compared with the performance of a closely related but water-insoluble bacteriochlorin (F2 BMet or redaporfin). Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, skin photosensitivity, PDT efficacy and immune responses of two bacteriochlorins were compared. PDT in vitro employed CT26 colon carcinoma cells. BALB/c mice bearing CT26 cells were treated according to a protocol where the illumination of the subcutaneous tumor is performed 15 minute after intravenous administration of the photosensitizer, while it is in the vascular compartment (vascular-PDT). RESULTS F2 BOH has photochemical properties comparable to redaporfin and both are promising photosensitizers for PDT. Although, F2 BOH is 10 times less phototoxic in vitro than redaporfin, the phototoxicity of F2 BOH in vascular-PDT is comparable to that of redaporfin. This is consistent with the fact that the vasculature is the main target of vascular-PDT. F2 BOH-PDT led to long-term cures and stimulation of the immune system. CONCLUSION F2 BOH is soluble in aqueous media, photostable, has a convenient elimination half-life of 44 hours and leads to very low skin photosensitivity one week after administration. F2 BOH and redaporfin are both very phototoxic in vascular-PDT, but this could not be anticipated from their widely different phototherapeutic indices in vitro. PDT with F2 BOH enabled long-term cures of BALB/c mice with subcutaneously implanted CT26 tumors, and the cured mice rejected tumor re-inoculation one year after the treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:451-459, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F S Luz
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-3867 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Janusz M Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-3867 Krakow, Poland
| | - Luis G Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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Pucelik B, Paczyński R, Dubin G, Pereira MM, Arnaut LG, Dąbrowski JM. Correction: Properties of halogenated and sulfonated porphyrins relevant for the selection of photosensitizers in anticancer and antimicrobial therapies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191777. [PMID: 29352293 PMCID: PMC5774837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Pucelik B, Paczyński R, Dubin G, Pereira MM, Arnaut LG, Dąbrowski JM. Properties of halogenated and sulfonated porphyrins relevant for the selection of photosensitizers in anticancer and antimicrobial therapies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185984. [PMID: 29016698 PMCID: PMC5634595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of substituents on the photochemical and biological properties of tetraphenylporphyrin-based photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of cancer (PDT) as well as photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms (PDI) was examined. Spectroscopic and physicochemical properties were related with therapeutic efficacy in PDT of cancer and PDI of microbial cells in vitro. Less polar halogenated, sulfonamide porphyrins were most readily taken up by cells compared to hydrophilic and anionic porphyrins. The uptake and PDT of a hydrophilic porphyrin was significantly enhanced with incorporation in polymeric micelles (Pluronic L121). Photodynamic inactivation studies were performed against Gram-positive (S. aureus, E. faecalis), Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. marcescens) and fungal yeast (C. albicans). We observed a 6 logs reduction of S. aureus after irradiation (10 J/cm2) in the presence of 20 μM of hydrophilic porphyrin, but this was not improved with incorporation in Pluronic L121. A 2–3 logs reduction was obtained for E. coli using similar doses, and a decrease of 3–4 logs was achieved for C. albicans. Rational substitution of tetraphenylporphyrins improves their photodynamic properties and informs on strategies to obtain photosensitizers for efficient PDT and PDI. However, the design of the photosensitizers must be accompanied by the development of tailored drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, Poland
| | - Robert Paczyński
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Luis G. Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Janusz M. Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Biodegradable nonionic sugar esters-based surfactants have been gaining more and more attention in recent years due to their chemical plasticity that enables the various applications of these molecules. In this review, various synthesis methods and biotechnological implications of lactose esters (LEs) uses are considered. Several chemical and enzymatic approaches are described for the synthesis of LEs, together with their applications, i.e. function in detergents formulation and as additives that not only stabilize food products but also protect food from undesired microbial contamination. Further, this article discusses medical applications of LEs in cancer treatment, especially their uses as biosensors, halogenated anticancer drugs, and photosensitizing agents for photodynamic therapy of cancer and photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Staroń
- a Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków , Poland
| | | | - Ewelina Cichoń
- c Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków , Poland
| | - Maciej Guzik
- c Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków , Poland
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Dąbrowski JM. Reactive Oxygen Species in Photodynamic Therapy: Mechanisms of Their Generation and Potentiation. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Oszajca M, Brindell M, Orzeł Ł, Dąbrowski JM, Śpiewak K, Łabuz P, Pacia M, Stochel-Gaudyn A, Macyk W, van Eldik R, Stochel G. Mechanistic studies on versatile metal-assisted hydrogen peroxide activation processes for biomedical and environmental incentives. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Dąbrowski JM, Pucelik B, Regiel-Futyra A, Brindell M, Mazuryk O, Kyzioł A, Stochel G, Macyk W, Arnaut LG. Engineering of relevant photodynamic processes through structural modifications of metallotetrapyrrolic photosensitizers. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pucelik B, Arnaut LG, Stochel G, Dąbrowski JM. Design of Pluronic-Based Formulation for Enhanced Redaporfin-Photodynamic Therapy against Pigmented Melanoma. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:22039-55. [PMID: 27492026 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic outcome of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with redaporfin (a fluorinated sulfonamide bacteriochlorin, F2BMet or LUZ11) was improved using Pluronic-based (P123, F127) formulations. Neither redaporfin encapsulated in Pluronic nor micelles alone exhibited cytotoxicity in a broad concentration range. Comprehensive in vitro studies against B16F10 melanoma cells showed that redaporfin-P123 micelles enhanced cellular uptake and increased oxidative stress compared with redaporfin-F127 or photosensitizer alone after short incubation times. ROS-sensitive fluorescent probes showed that the increased oxidative stress is due, at least in part, to a more efficient formation of hydroxyl radicals, and causes strong light-dose dependent apoptosis and necrosis. Tissue distribution and pharmacokinetic studies in tumor-bearing mice show that the Pluronic P123 formulation of redaporfin increases its bioavailability as well as the tumor-to-muscle and tumor-to-skin ratios, in comparison with Cremophor EL and Pluronic F127 formulations. Redaporfin in P123 was most successful in the PDT of C57BL/6J mice bearing subcutaneously implanted B16F10 melanoma tumors. Vascular-targeted PDT combining 1.5 mg kg(-1) redaporfin in P123 with a light dose of 74 J cm(-2) led to 100% complete cures (i.e., no tumor regrowth over one year post-treatment). This remarkable result reveals that modification of redaporfin with Pluronic block copolymers overcomes the resistance of melanoma cells to PDT possibly via increased tumor selectivity and enhanced ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Luis G Arnaut
- CQC, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra , Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Grażyna Stochel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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Pucelik B, Gürol I, Ahsen V, Dumoulin F, Dąbrowski JM. Fluorination of phthalocyanine substituents: Improved photoproperties and enhanced photodynamic efficacy after optimal micellar formulations. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:284-298. [PMID: 27597406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A fluorinated phthalocyanine and its non-fluorinated analogue were selected to evaluate the potential enhancement of fluorination on photophysical, photochemical and redox properties as well as on biological activity in cellular and animal models. Due to the pharmacological relevance, the affinity of these phthalocyanines towards biological membranes (logPow) as well as their primary interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were determined. Water-dispersible drug formulation of phthalocyanines via Pluronic®-based triblock copolymer micelles was prepared to avoid self-aggregation effects and to improve their delivery. The obtained results demonstrate that phthalocyanines incorporation into tunable-polymeric micelles significantly enhanced their cellular uptake and their photocytotoxicity. The improved biodistribution and photodynamic efficacy of the phthalocyanines-triblock copolymer conjugates was also confirmed in vivo in CT26 bearing BALB/c mice. PDT with both compounds led to tumor growth inhibition in all treated animals. Fluorinated phthalocyanine 2 turned out to be the most effective anticancer agent as the tumors of 20% of mice treated regressed completely and did not appear for over one year after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ilke Gürol
- TÜBITAK Marmara Research Center, Materials Institute, P.O. Box 21, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Vefa Ahsen
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 141, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 141, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Pinto SMA, Henriques CA, Tomé VA, Vinagreiro CS, Calvete MJF, Dąbrowski JM, Piñeiro M, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM. Synthesis of meso-substituted porphyrins using sustainable chemical processes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616300020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The easy access and low price of pyrrole and aldehydes, conjugated with the simplicity in preparing meso-substituted porphyrins, makes this type of porphyrins very attractive for a broad range of applications. However, there is an increasing demand for the development of new synthetic processes involving more sustainable chemical principles substituting, whenever possible, dangerous organic solvents by alternative solvents, chromatographic purifications by precipitations and energy-intensive procedures by alternative energy sources such as microwaves and ultrasounds. In this review we will address some recent strategies to synthesize meso-substituted porphyrins using alternative energy sources, reaction media and catalysts, namely microwave irradiation, water as solvent, or solid microporous acid catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. A. Pinto
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - César A. Henriques
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa A. Tomé
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina S. Vinagreiro
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário J. F. Calvete
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Janusz M. Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Piñeiro
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis G. Arnaut
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariette M. Pereira
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
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Rocha LB, Schaberle F, Dąbrowski JM, Simões S, Arnaut LG. Intravenous Single-Dose Toxicity of Redaporfin-Based Photodynamic Therapy in Rodents. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29236-49. [PMID: 26670231 PMCID: PMC4691106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the tolerability and safety in rodents of a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of redaporfin, a novel photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) of cancer. Two approaches were used to evaluate acute toxicity: (i) a dose escalation study in BALB/c mice to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose of redaporfin; and (ii) a safety toxicology study in Wistar rats, of a single dose of redaporfin, with or without illumination, to evaluate possible signs of systemic toxicity. Redaporfin formulation was well tolerated by mice, with no signs of adverse reactions up to 75 mg/kg. In rats, there were no relevant changes, except for a significant, but transient, increase in the blood serum markers for hepatic function and muscle integrity, and also on neutrophil counts, observed after the application of light. The overall results showed that redaporfin-PDT is very well tolerated. No abnormalities were observed, including reactions at the injection site or skin phototoxicity, although the animals were maintained in normal indoor lighting. Redaporfin also showed a high efficacy in the treatment of male BALB/c mice with subcutaneously implanted colon (CT26) tumours. Vascular-PDT with 1.5 mg/kg redaporfin and a light dose of 74 J/cm2 led to the complete tumour regression in 83% of the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis B Rocha
- Luzitin SA, S. Martinho do Bispo, Coimbra 3045-016, Portugal.
- Bluepharma-Indústria Farmacêutica SA, S. Martinho do Bispo, Coimbra 3045-016, Portugal.
| | - Fábio Schaberle
- Luzitin SA, S. Martinho do Bispo, Coimbra 3045-016, Portugal.
| | | | - Sérgio Simões
- Bluepharma-Indústria Farmacêutica SA, S. Martinho do Bispo, Coimbra 3045-016, Portugal.
| | - Luis G Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal.
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Dąbrowski JM, Pucelik B, Pereira MM, Stochel G, Arnaut LG. Palette of polarity-tunable halogenated bacteriochlorins for efficient photodynamic therapy in cellular and animal models. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gonçalves NPF, Simões AVC, Abreu AR, Abrunhosa AJ, Dąbrowski JM, Pereira MM. Synthesis and biological distribution study of a new carbon-11 labeled porphyrin for PET imaging. Photochemical and biological characterization of the non-labeled porphyrin. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615500728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ideal reaction conditions were found to promote the "cold" monomethylation of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin with CH 3 I , at minute time scale, in the presence of base. The photophysical characterization, cellular uptake and dark cytotoxicity of the resulting monomethylated porphyrin were appraised. Moreover, the syntheses of the corresponding labeled porphyrin, using short-lived carbon-11, prepared in the automated radiolabeling system were efficiently performed. The purification of the labeled product was achieved via preparative HPLC with high radiochemical purity and specific radioactivity. Preliminary studies on the biodistribution of 5,10,15-tris(3-hydroxyphenyl)-20-(3-[11C]methoxyphenyl)porphyrin carried out in a BALB/C normal mouse, using PET imaging, showed that the liver is the main pathway for excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno P. F. Gonçalves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Currently at Luzitin SA, Ed. Bluepharma, 3045-016 São Martinho do Bispo - Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana V. C. Simões
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur R. Abreu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antero J. Abrunhosa
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Janusz M. Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariette M. Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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Dąbrowski JM, Pucelik B, Pereira MM, Arnaut LG, Stochel G. Towards tuning PDT relevant photosensitizer properties: comparative study for the free and Zn2+ coordinated meso-tetrakis[2,6-difluoro-5-(N-methylsulfamylo)phenyl]porphyrin. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1073723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Luis G. Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Luzitin SA, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Grażyna Stochel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Carrilho RMB, Almeida AR, Kiss M, Kollár L, Skoda-Földes R, Dąbrowski JM, Moreno MJSM, Pereira MM. One-Step Synthesis of Dicarboxamides through Pd-Catalysed Aminocarbonylation with Diamines as N-Nucleophiles. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires a medical device, a photosensitizing drug and adequate use of both to trigger biological mechanisms that can rapidly destroy the primary tumour and provide long-lasting protection against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis G. Arnaut
- Chemistry Department
- University of Coimbra
- 3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
- Luzitin SA
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Dąbrowski JM, Pucelik B, Pereira MM, Arnaut LG, Macyk W, Stochel G. New hybrid materials based on halogenated metalloporphyrins for enhanced visible light photocatalysis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19742b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The impregnation of TiO2 with functionalized halogenated (metallo)porphyrins leads to novel materials with a superior photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 31-060 Kraków
- Poland
| | | | - Luis G. Arnaut
- Chemistry Departament
- University of Coimbra
- Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Wojciech Macyk
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 31-060 Kraków
- Poland
| | - Grażyna Stochel
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 31-060 Kraków
- Poland
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Krzykawska-Serda M, Dąbrowski JM, Arnaut LG, Szczygieł M, Urbańska K, Stochel G, Elas M. The role of strong hypoxia in tumors after treatment in the outcome of bacteriochlorin-based photodynamic therapy. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:239-51. [PMID: 24835769 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood flow and pO2 changes after vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (V-PDT) or cellular-targeted PDT (C-PDT) using 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-difluoro-3-N-methylsulfamoylphenyl) bacteriochlorin (F2BMet) as photosensitizer were investigated in DBA/2 mice with S91 Cloudman mouse melanoma, and correlated with long-term tumor responses. F2BMet generates both singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals under near-infrared radiation, which consume oxygen. Partial oxygen pressure was lowered in PDT-treated tumors and this was ascribed both to oxygen consumption during PDT and to fluctuations in oxygen transport after PDT. Similarly, microcirculatory blood flow changed as a result of the disruption of blood vessels by the treatment. A novel noninvasive approach combining electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry and laser Doppler blood perfusion measurements allowed longitudinal monitoring of hypoxia and vascular function changes in the same animals, after PDT. C-PDT induced parallel changes in tumor pO2 and blood flow, i.e., an initial decrease immediately after treatment, followed by a slow increase. In contrast, V-PDT led to a strong and persistent depletion of pO2, although the microcirculatory blood flow increased. Strong hypoxia after V-PDT led to a slight increase in VEGF level 24h after treatment. C-PDT caused a ca. 5-day delay in tumor growth, whereas V-PDT was much more efficient and led to tumor growth inhibition in 90% of animals. The tumors of 44% of mice treated with V-PDT regressed completely and did not reappear for over 1 year. In conclusion, mild and transient hypoxia after C-PDT led to intense pO2 compensatory effects and modest tumor inhibition, but strong and persistent local hypoxia after V-PDT caused tumor growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Krzykawska-Serda
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Luis G Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; Luzitin SA, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Małgorzata Szczygieł
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krystyna Urbańska
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Stochel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Martyna Elas
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Arnaut LG, Pereira MM, Dąbrowski JM, Silva EFF, Schaberle FA, Abreu AR, Rocha LB, Barsan MM, Urbańska K, Stochel G, Brett CMA. Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy Enhanced by Dynamics: The Role of Charge Transfer and Photostability in the Selection of Photosensitizers. Chemistry 2014; 20:5346-57. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Saavedra R, Rocha LB, Dąbrowski JM, Arnaut LG. Modulation of Biodistribution, Pharmacokinetics, and Photosensitivity with the Delivery Vehicle of a Bacteriochlorin Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy. ChemMedChem 2013; 9:390-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Silva EFF, Schaberle FA, Monteiro CJP, Dąbrowski JM, Arnaut LG. The challenging combination of intense fluorescence and high singlet oxygen quantum yield in photostable chlorins – a contribution to theranostics. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013; 12:1187-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp25419d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Dąbrowski JM, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM, Urbańska K, Simões S, Stochel G, Cortes L. Combined effects of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical in photodynamic therapy with photostable bacteriochlorins: evidence from intracellular fluorescence and increased photodynamic efficacy in vitro. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1188-200. [PMID: 22285766 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides of halogenated bacteriochlorins bearing Cl or F substituents in the ortho positions of the phenyl rings have adequate properties for photodynamic therapy, including strong absorption in the near-infrared (λ(max) ≈ 750 nm, ε ≈ 10(5) M(-1) cm(-1)), controlled photodecomposition, large cellular uptake, intracellular localization in the endoplasmic reticulum, low cytotoxicity, and high phototoxicity against A549 and S91 cells. The roles of type I and type II photochemical processes are assessed by singlet oxygen luminescence and intracellular hydroxyl radical detection. Phototoxicity of halogenated sulfonamide bacteriochlorins does not correlate with singlet oxygen quantum yields and must be mediated both by electron transfer (superoxide ion, hydroxyl radicals) and by energy transfer (singlet oxygen). The photodynamic efficacy is enhanced when cellular death is induced by both singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals.
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Dąbrowski JM, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM, Urbańska K, Stochel G. Improved biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and photodynamic efficacy using a new photostable sulfonamide bacteriochlorin. Med Chem Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md00308b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dąbrowski JM, Krzykawska M, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM, Monteiro CJP, Simões S, Urbańska K, Stochel G. Tissue Uptake Study and Photodynamic Therapy of Melanoma-Bearing Mice with a Nontoxic, Effective Chlorin. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1715-26. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dąbrowski JM, Urbanska K, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM, Abreu AR, Simões S, Stochel G. Biodistribution and photodynamic efficacy of a water-soluble, stable, halogenated bacteriochlorin against melanoma. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:465-75. [PMID: 21265022 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro phototoxicity of a photostable, synthetic, water-soluble, halogenated bacteriochlorin, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2-chloro-5-sulfophenyl)bacteriochlorin (TCPBSO3H), toward mouse melanoma (S91) cells is ∼60-fold higher than that of the analogous porphyrin, and is associated with very weak toxicity in the dark; 90% of S91 cells were killed in response to a light dose of 0.26 J cm(-2) in the presence of [TCPBSO3H]=5 μM. In vivo toxicity toward DBA mice is very low, even at doses of 20 mg kg(-1). In vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of TCPBSO3H were studied in DBA mice with S91 tumors; 24 h after intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg kg(-1), TCPBSO3H demonstrated preferential accumulation in S91 mouse melanoma, with tumor-to-normal tissue ratios of 3 and 5 for muscle and skin, respectively. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) performed under these conditions, with 90 mW cm(-2) diode laser irradiation at λ 750 nm for 20 min (total light dose of 108 J cm(-2)), resulted in tumor regression. Tumor recurrence was observed only approximately two months after treatment, confirming the efficacy of this PDT against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz M Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland.
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Pereira MM, Monteiro CJ, Simões AV, Pinto SM, Abreu AR, Sá GF, Silva EF, Rocha LB, Dąbrowski JM, Formosinho SJ, Simões S, Arnaut LG. Synthesis and photophysical characterization of a library of photostable halogenated bacteriochlorins: an access to near infrared chemistry. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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