1
|
Liu JKY, Niyonsaba E, Alzarieni KZ, Boulos VM, Yerabolu R, Kenttämaa HI. Determination of the compound class and functional groups in protonated analytes via diagnostic gas-phase ion-molecule reactions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021. [PMID: 34435381 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic gas-phase ion-molecule reactions serve as a powerful alternative to collision-activated dissociation for the structural elucidation of analytes when using tandem mass spectrometry. The use of such ion-molecule reactions has been demonstrated to provide a robust tool for the identification of specific functional groups in unknown ionized analytes, differentiation of isomeric ions, and classification of unknown ions into different compound classes. During the past several years, considerable efforts have been dedicated to exploring various reagents and reagent inlet systems for functional-group selective ion-molecule reactions with protonated analytes. This review provides a comprehensive coverage of literature since 2006 on general and predictable functional-group selective ion-molecule reactions of protonated analytes, including simple monofunctional and complex polyfunctional analytes, whose mechanisms have been explored computationally. Detection limits for experiments involving high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry based on ion-molecule reactions and the application of machine learning to predict diagnostic ion-molecule reactions are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judy Kuan-Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Edouard Niyonsaba
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Victoria M Boulos
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Ravikiran Yerabolu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Hilkka I Kenttämaa
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Darii E, Gimbert Y, Alves S, Damont A, Perret A, Woods AS, Fenaille F, Tabet JC. First Direct Evidence of Interpartner Hydride/Deuteride Exchanges for Stored Sodiated Arginine/Fructose-6-phosphate Complex Anions within Salt-Solvated Structures. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1424-1440. [PMID: 33929837 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric investigations of noncovalent binding between low molecular weight compounds revealed the existence of gas-phase (GP) noncovalent complex (NCC) ions involving zwitterionic structures. ESI MS is used to prove the formation of stable sodiated NCC anions between fructose (F6P) and arginine (R) moieties. Theoretical calculations indicate a folded solvated salt (i.e., sodiated carboxylate interacting with phosphate) rather than a charge-solvated form. Under standard CID conditions, [(F6P+R-H+Na)-H]- competitively forms two major product ions (PIs) through partner splitting [(R-H+Na) loss] and charge-induced cross-ring cleavage while preserving the noncovalent interactions (noncovalent product ions (NCPIs)). MS/MS experiments combined with in-solution proton/deuteron exchanges (HDXs) demonstrated an unexpected labeling of PIs, i.e., a correlated D-enrichment/D-depletion. An increase in activation time up to 3000 ms favors such processes when limited to two H/D exchanges. These results are rationalized by interpartner hydride/deuteride exchanges (⟨HDX⟩) through stepwise isomerization/dissociation of sodiated NCC-d11 anions. In addition, the D-enrichment/D-depletion discrepancy is further explained by back HDX with residual water in LTQ (selective for the isotopologue NCPIs as shown by PI relaxation experiments). Each isotopologue leads to only one back HDX unlike multiple HDXs generally observed in GP. This behavior shows that NCPIs are zwitterions with charges solvated by a single water molecule, thus generating a back HDX through a relay mechanism, which quenches the charges and prevents further back HDX. By estimating back HDX impact on D-depletion, the interpartner ⟨HDX⟩ complementarity was thus illustrated. This is the first description of interpartner ⟨HDX⟩ and selective back HDX validating salt-solvated structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Darii
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Yves Gimbert
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38058 Grenoble, France
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et de l'Ingénierie, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Alves
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et de l'Ingénierie, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Annelaure Damont
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Alain Perret
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Amina S Woods
- NIDA IRP, NIH Structural Biology Unit Cellular Neurobiology Branch, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - François Fenaille
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Claude Tabet
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et de l'Ingénierie, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), F-75005 Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Easterling LF, Yerabolu R, Kumar R, Alzarieni KZ, Kenttämaa HI. Factors Affecting the Limit of Detection for HPLC/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Experiments Based on Gas-Phase Ion–Molecule Reactions. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7471-7477. [PMID: 32352782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leah F. Easterling
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ravikiran Yerabolu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rashmi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kawthar Z. Alzarieni
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hilkka I. Kenttämaa
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Snyder DT, Szalwinski LJ, Pilo AL, Jarrah NK, Cooks RG. Selective Gas-Phase Mass Tagging via Ion/Molecule Reactions Combined with Single Analyzer Neutral Loss Scans to Probe Pharmaceutical Mixtures. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1092-1101. [PMID: 30887460 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated the use of a simple single ion trap mass spectrometer to identify classes of compounds as well as individual components in complex mixtures. First, a neutral reagent was used to mass tag oxygen-containing analytes using a gas-phase ion/molecule reaction. Then, a neutral loss scan was used to indicate the carboxylic acids. The lack of unit mass selectivity in the neutral loss scan required subsequent product ion scans to confirm the presence and identity of the individual carboxylic acids. The neutral loss scan technique reduced the number of data-dependent MS/MS scans required to confirm identification of signals as protonated carboxylic acids. The method was demonstrated on neat mixtures of standard carboxylic acids as well as on solutions of relevant pharmaceutical tablets and may be generalizable to other ion/molecule reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalton T Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Lucas J Szalwinski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Alice L Pilo
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Nina K Jarrah
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu H, Ma X, Kong JY, Zhang M, Kenttämaa HI. Identification of Carboxylate, Phosphate, and Phenoxide Functionalities in Deprotonated Molecules Related to Drug Metabolites via Ion-Molecule Reactions with water and Diethylhydroxyborane. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2189-2200. [PMID: 28741125 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry based on ion-molecule reactions has emerged as a powerful tool for structural elucidation of ionized analytes. However, most currently used reagents were designed to react with protonated analytes, making them suboptimal for acidic analytes that are preferentially detected in negative ion mode. In this work we demonstrate that the phenoxide, carboxylate, and phosphate functionalities can be identified in deprotonated molecules by use of a combination of two reagents, diethylmethoxyborane (DEMB) and water. A novel reagent introduction setup that allowed DEMB and water to be separately introduced into the ion trap region of the mass spectrometer was developed to facilitate fundamental studies of this reaction. A new reagent, diethylhydroxyborane (DEHB), was generated inside the ion trap by hydrolysis of DEMB on introduction of water. Most carboxylates and phenoxides formed a DEHB adduct, followed by addition of one water molecule and subsequent ethane elimination (DEHB adduct +H2O - CH3CH3) as the major product ion. Phenoxides with a hydroxy group adjacent to the deprotonation site and phosphates formed a DEHB adduct, followed by ethane elimination (DEHB adduct - CH3CH3). Deprotonated molecules with strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds or without the aforementioned functionalities, including sulfates, were unreactive toward DEHB/H2O. Reaction mechanisms were explored via isotope labeling experiments and quantum chemical calculations. The mass spectrometry method allowed the differentiation of phenoxide-, carboxylate-, phosphate-, and sulfate-containing analytes. Finally, it was successfully coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of a mixture containing hymecromone, a biliary spasm drug, and its three possible metabolites. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - John Y Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Garimella SVB, Webb IK, Prabhakaran A, Attah IK, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. Design of a TW-SLIM Module for Dual Polarity Confinement, Transport, and Reactions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1442-1449. [PMID: 28560562 PMCID: PMC5551421 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe instrumental approaches for performing dual polarity ion confinement, transport, ion mobility separations, and reactions in structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM). Previous means of ion confinement in SLIM, based upon rf-generated pseudopotentials and DC fields for lateral confinement, cannot trap ions of opposite polarity simultaneously. Here we explore alternative approaches to provide simultaneous lateral confinement of both ion polarities. Traveling wave ion mobility (IM) separations experienced in such SLIM cause ions of both polarities to migrate in the same directions and exhibit similar separations. The ion motion (and relative motion of the two polarities) under both surfing and IM separation conditions are discussed. In surfing conditions the two polarities are transported losslessly and non-reactively in their respective potential minima (higher absolute voltage regions confine negative polarities, and lower absolute potential regions are populated by positive polarities). In separation mode, where ions roll over an overtaking traveling wave, the two polarities can interact during the rollovers. Strategies to minimize overlap of the two ion populations to prevent reactive losses during separations are presented. A theoretical treatment of the time scales over which two populations (injected into a DC field-free region of the dual polarity SLIM device) interact is considered, and SLIM designs for allowing ion/ion interactions and other manipulations with dual polarities at 4 Torr are presented. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ian K Webb
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Aneesh Prabhakaran
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Isaac K Attah
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Darii E, Alves S, Gimbert Y, Perret A, Tabet JC. Meaning and consequence of the coexistence of competitive hydrogen bond/salt forms on the dissociation orientation of non-covalent complexes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1047:45-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
8
|
Zhu H, Jarrell TM, Louden N, Max JP, Marcum CL, Luo H, Riedeman JS, Abu-Omar MM, Kenttämaa HI. Identification of the Phenol Functionality in Deprotonated Monomeric and Dimeric Lignin Degradation Products via Tandem Mass Spectrometry Based on Ion-Molecule Reactions with Diethylmethoxyborane. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:1813-1823. [PMID: 27553243 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of lignin into smaller molecules provides a promising alternate and sustainable source for the valuable chemicals currently derived from crude oil. Better understanding of the chemical composition of the resulting product mixtures is essential for the optimization of such conversion processes. However, these mixtures are complex and contain isomeric molecules with a wide variety of functionalities, which makes their characterization challenging. Tandem mass spectrometry based on ion-molecule reactions has proven to be a powerful tool in functional group identification and isomer differentiation for previously unknown compounds. This study demonstrates that the identification of the phenol functionality, the most commonly observed functionality in lignin degradation products, can be achieved via ion-molecule reactions between diethylmethoxyborane (DEMB) and the deprotonated analyte in the absence of strongly electron-withdrawing substituents in the ortho- and para-positions. Either a stable DEMB adduct or an adduct that has lost a methanol molecule (DEMB adduct-MeOH) is formed for these ions. Deprotonated phenols with an adjacent phenol or hydroxymethyl functionality or a conjugated carboxylic acid functionality can be identified based on the formation of DEMB adduct-MeOH. Deprotonated compounds not containing the phenol functionality and phenols containing an electron-withdrawing ortho- or para-substituent were found to be unreactive toward diethylmethoxyborane. Hence, certain deprotonated isomeric compounds with phenol and carboxylic acid, aldehyde, carboxylic acid ester, or nitro functionalities can be differentiated via these reactions. The above mass spectrometry method was successfully coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of a complex biomass degradation mixture. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Joann P Max
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Hao Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Mahdi M Abu-Omar
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yuan H, Ying J, Deng P, Chen P, Shi J, Liu Y, Gao X, Zhao Y. Specific interactions of leucine with disaccharides by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: application to rapid differentiation of disaccharide isomers in combination with statistical analysis. Analyst 2015; 140:7965-73. [PMID: 26514183 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01735a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The identification of carbohydrate isomers, including mono units, linkage positions and anomeric configurations, remains an arduous subject. In this study, the natural amino acid leucine (Leu) was found to specifically interact with cellobiose (Cello) to form a series of potassium adducts as [Cello + Leu + K](+), [Cello + 2Leu + K](+), and [2Cello + Leu + K](+) in the gas phase using mass spectrometry. By using CID-MS/MS, these complexes produced specific fragmentation patterns from the sugar backbone cleavage instead of non-covalent interactions. Moreover, their fragment distributions were dependent on the ratios of Cello-to-Leu in the complexes and the fragmentation pathways of potassium-cationized disaccharides (Dis) were remarkably changed with leucine binding. It should be pointed out that the ternary complex [2Cello + AA + K](+) was unique for leucine among all the twenty natural amino acids. The [2Dis + Leu + K](+) complex produced the most informative fragments by tandem mass spectrometry, which was successfully applied for rapid and efficient discrimination of twelve glucose-containing disaccharide isomers in combination with statistical analyses including PCA and OPLS-DA. The methodology developed here not only provides a novel analytical approach for the differentiation of disaccharide isomers, but also brings new sight towards the interactions of amino acids with disaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yuan
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jarrell T, Riedeman J, Carlsen M, Replogle R, Selby T, Kenttämaa H. Multiported pulsed valve interface for a linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer to enable rapid screening of multiple functional-group selective ion-molecule reactions. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6533-9. [PMID: 24897424 DOI: 10.1021/ac501034v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ion-molecule reactions provide a powerful tool for structural elucidation of ionized pharmaceutical analytes in tandem mass spectrometry. However, all previous interfaces for the introduction of reagents for ion-molecule reactions have utilized a single reagent approach. In this study, a multiported pulsed valve system was designed and characterized for rapid introduction of three neutral reagents into a linear quadrupole ion trap. Additionally, automatic triggering was used to allow for the introduction of the reagents on a chromatographic time scale. This system enables automatic, high throughput screening of complex mixtures by using at least three different ion-molecule reactions. Further, rapid testing of new neutral reagents is also possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Jarrell
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Piatkivskyi A, Pyatkivskyy Y, Hurt M, Ryzhov V. Utilisation of gas-phase ion-molecule reactions for differentiation between phospho- and sulfocarbohydrates. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2014; 20:177-183. [PMID: 24895778 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase ion-molecule reactions of four boron-containing neutrals were explored as a means for differentiation between isobaric phospho- and sulfocarbohydrates. Phosphorylation and sulfation impose an addition of 80 Da to the molecular mass, so for low-resolution mass spectrometers compounds that have such modifications will appear at the same nominal mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio. However, the ions of these isobaric species behave differently in ion-molecule reactions. All four evaluated neutral molecules [trimethyl borate (TMB), triethyl borate (TEB), diethylmethoxyborane (DEMB) and diisopropoxymethylborane (DIPMB)] proved to be reactive towards phosphorylated sugars and unreactive towards sulfated carbohydrates. In addition, TMB and TEB were found suitable for distinguishing positional isomers of phosphorylated carbohydrates, while reactions with DEMB and DIPMB were successful in differentiating phosphorylated, sulfated and unmodified deprotonated sugars. Similar reactions in the positive ion mode (alkali cationised) were found to be less conclusive.
Collapse
|
12
|
Owen BC, Jarrell TM, Schwartz JC, Oglesbee R, Carlsen M, Archibold EF, Kenttämaa HI. A Differentially Pumped Dual Linear Quadrupole Ion Trap (DLQIT) Mass Spectrometer: A Mass Spectrometer Capable of MSn Experiments Free From Interfering Reactions. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11284-90. [PMID: 24171553 DOI: 10.1021/ac401956f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. Owen
- Center for Direct
Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 1203
W. State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tiffany M. Jarrell
- Center for Direct
Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 1203
W. State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jae C. Schwartz
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oak Parkway, San
Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Rob Oglesbee
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mark Carlsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Enada F. Archibold
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hilkka I. Kenttämaa
- Center for Direct
Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 1203
W. State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Martin AR, Vasseur JJ, Smietana M. Boron and nucleic acid chemistries: merging the best of both worlds. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5684-713. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60038f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Osburn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Biochemical and Biophysical Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stefan SE, Ehsan M, Pearson WL, Aksenov A, Boginski V, Bendiak B, Eyler JR. Differentiation of Closely Related Isomers: Application of Data Mining Techniques in Conjunction with Variable Wavelength Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Glucose-Containing Disaccharide Ions. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8468-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2017103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Stefan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Mohammad Ehsan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Wright L. Pearson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Alexander Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Vladimir Boginski
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, University of Florida, 1350 North Poquito Road, Shalimar, Florida 32579-1163, United States
| | - Brad Bendiak
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology and Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - John R. Eyler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sandbhor MS, Soya N, Albohy A, Zheng RB, Cartmell J, Bundle DR, Klassen JS, Cairo CW. Substrate recognition of the membrane-associated sialidase NEU3 requires a hydrophobic aglycone. Biochemistry 2011; 50:6753-62. [PMID: 21675735 DOI: 10.1021/bi200449j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The human neuraminidases (NEU) consist of a family of four isoforms (NEU1-NEU4). Members of this enzyme family are proposed to have important roles in health and disease through regulation of the composition of cellular sialosides. The NEU3 isoform is a membrane-associated enzyme that cleaves glycolipid substrates. However, few reports have examined the substrate specificity of the enzyme for non-natural substrates. We report here a series of 11 synthetic trisaccharides that feature modifications of the aglycone or the Neu5Ac residue of an octyl β-sialyllactoside. The time course of substrate cleavage by NEU3 was monitored using an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry assay to obtain relative rates (k(rel)). We observed that NEU3 substrate activity was directly dependent upon the hydrophobicity of the aglycone but had no apparent requirement for features of the ceramide headgroup. We also observed that trisaccharides with incorporated azide groups in the Neu5Ac residue at either C9 or the N5-Ac position were substrates, and in the case of the N5-azidoacetyl derivative, the activity was superior to that of GM3. However, the incorporation of larger aryl groups was tolerated only at C9, but not at N5-Ac. We propose a two-site model for enzyme recognition, requiring interaction at both the Neu5Ac residue and the hydrophobic aglycone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra S Sandbhor
- Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Somuramasami J, Duan P, Amundson LM, Archibold E, Winger BE, Kenttämaa HI. Differentiation of protonated aromatic regioisomers related to lignin by reactions with trimethylborate in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:1040-1051. [PMID: 21953045 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Several lignin model compounds were examined to test whether gas-phase ion-molecule reactions of trimethylborate (TMB) in a FTICR can be used to differentiate the ortho-, meta-, and para-isomers of protonated aromatic compounds, such as those formed during degradation of lignin. All three regioisomers could be differentiated for methoxyphenols and hydroxyphenols. However, only the differentiation of the ortho-isomer from the meta- and para-isomers was possible for hydroxyacetophenones and hydroxybenzoic acids. Consideration of the previously reported proton affinities at all basic sites in the isomeric hydroxyphenols, and the calculated proton affinities at all basic sites in the three methoxyphenol isomers, revealed that the proton affinities of the analytes relative to that of TMB play an important role in determining whether and how they react with TMB. The loss of two methanol molecules (instead of one) from the adducts formed with TMB either during ion-molecule reactions, or during sustained-off resonance irradiated collision-activated dissociation of the ion-molecule reaction products, revealed the presence of two functionalities in almost all the isomers. This finding supports earlier results suggesting that TMB can be used to count the functionalities in unknown oxygen-containing analytes.
Collapse
|
18
|
Habicht SC, Vinueza NR, Amundson LM, Kenttämaa HI. Comparison of functional group selective ion-molecule reactions of trimethyl borate in different ion trap mass spectrometers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:520-530. [PMID: 21472570 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-010-0050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report here a comparison of the use of diagnostic ion-molecule reactions for the identification of oxygen-containing functional groups in Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) and linear quadrupole ion trap (LQIT) mass spectrometers. The ultimate goal of this research is to be able to identify functionalities in previously unknown analytes by using many different types of mass spectrometers. Previous work has focused on the reactions of various boron reagents with protonated oxygen-containing analytes in FTICR mass spectrometers. By using a LQIT modified to allow the introduction of neutral reagents into the helium buffer gas, this methodology has been successfully implemented to this type of an ion trap instrument. The products obtained from the reactions of trimethyl borate (TMB) with various protonated analytes are compared for the two instruments. Finally, the ability to integrate these reactions into LC-MS experiments on the LQIT is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve C Habicht
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Brown Building, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pyatkivskyy Y, Ryzhov V. Coupling of ion-molecule reactions with liquid chromatography on a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:1288-1294. [PMID: 18351715 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report for the first time a coupling of gas-phase ion-molecule reactions with chromatographic separations on a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. The interface was accomplished by using a pulsed valve for the introduction of a volatile neutral into the ion trap. The pulsed valve controller is synchronized with the mass spectrometer software. The setup requires some minor modifications to the vacuum system of the commercial quadrupole ion trap but most of the modifications are external to the mass spectrometer. Two applications of this interface are described: differentiation between two phosphoglucose positional isomers and detection of a phosphopeptide in a peptide mixture. Both applications are using the reactivity of trimethoxyborate towards a phosphate moiety in the negative ion mode. The detection of phosphopeptides hinges on our findings that non-phosphorylated peptide anions do not react with trimethoxyborate. This LC/MS detection can be easily visualized in terms of selected reaction monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Pyatkivskyy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Greis KD. Mass spectrometry for enzyme assays and inhibitor screening: an emerging application in pharmaceutical research. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2007; 26:324-39. [PMID: 17405133 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Robust methods that monitor enzyme activity and inhibitor potency are crucial to drug discovery and development. Over the past 20 years, mass spectrometric methods have increasingly been used to measure enzyme activity and kinetics. However, for rapid screening of inhibitory compounds, various forms of fluorescence and chemiluminscence readout have continued to dominate the market. As the sensitivity, speed, and miniaturization of mass spectrometry methods continue to advance, opportunities to couple mass spectrometry with screening will continue to come to the forefront. To appreciate the tremendous potential for MS-based screening assays, it becomes necessary to understand the current state of capabilities in this arena. Thus, this review is intended to capture how mass spectrometry for studying enzymes activity has progressed from simple qualitative questions (i.e., is the product detected?) to quantitative measures of enzyme activity and kinetics and then as a tool for rapidly screening inhibitory compounds as an alternative to current methods of high throughput drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Greis
- Genome Research Institute, University of Cincinnati, 2180 E. Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Walters JJ, Grayson MA, Gross ML, Hughes M, Shearer G, Kohl DH, Bashkin J. Ion-exchange chromatography followed by ESI-MS for quantitative analysis of sugar monophosphates from glucose catabolism. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2006; 17:104-107. [PMID: 16352445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2005] [Revised: 10/04/2005] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to establish a quantitative method to determine the ratio of [U-(13)C] labeled to unlabeled hexose monophosphates isolated from yeast extracts. This is accomplished by anion exchange chromatography and mobile phase desalting followed by electrospray (ESI) mass spectrometry. We test the method with the analysis of a sample of biological origin. Previously developed analytical techniques are not adequate to accomplish mass spectrometric analysis of these and other small monosaccharide systems because of interference from salt clusters. By lowering the ionic strength of the mobile phase and using a simplified injection system to the mass spectrometer, we were able to obtain data on the relative abundance of the hexose monophosphates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J Walters
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1134, 63130, St. Louis, MO, USA
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, 63121, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael A Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1134, 63130, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1134, 63130, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Maureen Hughes
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Georgia Shearer
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel H Kohl
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James Bashkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang Y, Go EP, Jiang H, Desaire H. A novel mass spectrometric method to distinguish isobaric monosaccharides that are phosphorylated or sulfated using ion-pairing reagents. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2005; 16:1827-39. [PMID: 16185888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Revised: 06/16/2005] [Accepted: 07/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation and sulfation are two important biological modifications present in carbohydrates, proteins, and glycoproteins. Typically, sulfation and phosphorylation cause different biological responses, so differentiating these two functional groups is important for understanding structure/function relationships in proteins, carbohydrates, and metabolites. Since phosphorylated and sulfated compounds are isobaric, their discrimination is not possible in routinely utilized mass spectrometers. Thus, a novel mass spectrometric method to distinguish them has been developed. Herein, we utilize basic peptides as ion-pairing reagents to complex to phosphorylated and sulfated carbohydrates via noncovalent interactions. By performing ESI-MS/MS on the ion-pair complexes, the isobaric compounds can be distinguished. This is the first study demonstrating that ion-pairing can be used for the detection of phosphorylated compounds and the first study to use ion-pairing in conjunction with MS/MS to obtain structural information about the analytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gao H, Leary JA. Kinetic measurements of phosphoglucomutase by direct analysis of glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate using ion/molecule reactions and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2005; 329:269-75. [PMID: 15158486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A method for the direct determination of kinetic constants for phosphoglucomutase and its phosphorylated products is described. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance gas-phase ion/molecule reactions between trimethyl borate and glucose phosphate, phosphorylated at either the 1 or the 6 position, generate mass spectra distinguishable with regard to product ion distribution. A multicomponent quantification method is utilized to determine the composition of a binary mixture of the two positional isomers. Using this method, the conversion between glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate can be directly monitored without the use of coupling enzymes. The values of K(m) for glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate were determined using the substrate-velocity plot and the Haldane relationship, respectively. Values of V(max) for both the forward and the reverse directions were measured, and the equilibrium constant for the reversible reaction was determined using this methodology. Kinetic parameters measured correlate well with those obtained using traditional methods. The assay was demonstrated to be accurate and particularly convenient to determine kinetic constants for enzymatic systems that involve the interconversion of phosphorylated positional isomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
|