1
|
Kaganovich N, Schumaker J, Christ S. Long-term phonemic representations become audiovisual by mid-childhood. Neuropsychologia 2023; 188:108633. [PMID: 37394134 PMCID: PMC10530328 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
In earlier work with adults, we showed that long-term phonemic representations are audiovisual, meaning that they contain information on typical mouth shape during articulation. Many aspects of audiovisual processing have a prolonged developmental course, often not reaching maturity until late adolescence. In this study, we examined the status of phonemic representations in two groups of children - 8-9-year-olds and 11-12-year-olds. We used the same audiovisual oddball paradigm as in the earlier study with adults (Kaganovich and Christ, 2021). On each trial, participants saw a face and heard one of two vowels. One vowel occurred frequently (standard), while another occurred rarely (deviant). In one condition (neutral), the face had a closed, non-articulating mouth. In the other condition (audiovisual violation), the mouth shape matched the frequent vowel. Although stimuli were audiovisual in both conditions, we hypothesized that identical auditory changes would be perceived differently by participants. Namely, in the neutral condition, deviants violated only the audiovisual pattern specific to each experimental block. By contrast, in the audiovisual violation condition, deviants additionally violated long-term representations for how a speaker's mouth looks during articulation. We compared the amplitude of MMN and P3 components elicited by deviants in the two conditions. In the 11-12-year-old group, the pattern of neural responses was similar to that in adults - namely, they had a larger MMN component in the audiovisual compared to neutral condition, with no major difference in the P3 amplitude. In contrast, in the 8-9-year-old group, we saw a posterior MMN in the neutral condition only and a larger P3 in the audiovisual violation compared to the neutral condition. The larger P3 in the audiovisual violation condition suggests that younger children did perceive deviants as being more attention-grabbing when they violated the typical combination of sound and mouth shape. Yet, at this age, the earlier, more automatic stages of phonemic processing indexed by the MMN component may not yet encode visual speech elements the same way they do in older children and adults. We conclude that phonemic representations do not become audiovisual until 11-12 years of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Kaganovich
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, 715 Clinic Drive West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2038, USA; Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 Third Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2038, USA.
| | - Jennifer Schumaker
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, 715 Clinic Drive West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2038, USA
| | - Sharon Christ
- Department of Statistics, 250 N. University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2066, USA; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, 1202 West State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2055, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brown DJ, Pastras CJ, Curthoys IS. Electrophysiological Measurements of Peripheral Vestibular Function-A Review of Electrovestibulography. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:34. [PMID: 28620284 PMCID: PMC5450778 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocochleography (EcochG), incorporating the Cochlear Microphonic (CM), the Summating Potential (SP), and the cochlear Compound Action Potential (CAP), has been used to study cochlear function in humans and experimental animals since the 1930s, providing a simple objective tool to assess both hair cell (HC) and nerve sensitivity. The vestibular equivalent of ECochG, termed here Electrovestibulography (EVestG), incorporates responses of the vestibular HCs and nerve. Few research groups have utilized EVestG to study vestibular function. Arguably, this is because stimulating the cochlea in isolation with sound is a trivial matter, whereas stimulating the vestibular system in isolation requires significantly more technical effort. That is, the vestibular system is sensitive to both high-level sound and bone-conducted vibrations, but so is the cochlea, and gross electrical responses of the inner ear to such stimuli can be difficult to interpret. Fortunately, several simple techniques can be employed to isolate vestibular electrical responses. Here, we review the literature underpinning gross vestibular nerve and HC responses, and we discuss the nomenclature used in this field. We also discuss techniques for recording EVestG in experimental animals and humans and highlight how EVestG is furthering our understanding of the vestibular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Brown
- Neurotology Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, The University of SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher J Pastras
- Neurotology Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, The University of SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian S Curthoys
- Department of Psychology, The University of SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scolaro A, West R, Cohen AL. The ERP correlates of target checking are dependent upon the defining features of the prospective memory cues. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 93:298-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
4
|
Gollan JK, Hoxha D, Chihade D, Pflieger ME, Rosebrock L, Cacioppo J. Frontal alpha EEG asymmetry before and after behavioral activation treatment for depression. Biol Psychol 2014; 99:198-208. [PMID: 24674708 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mid-frontal and mid-lateral (F3/F4 and F7/F8) EEG asymmetry has been associated with motivation and affect. We examined alpha EEG asymmetry in depressed and healthy participants before and after Behavioral Activation treatment for depression; examined the association between alpha EEG asymmetry and motivational systems and affect; and evaluated the utility of alpha EEG asymmetry in predicting remission. METHODS Depressed (n=37) and healthy participants (n=35) were assessed before and after treatment using a clinical interview, a task to measure baseline EEG, and questionnaires of behavioral activation and inhibition, avoidance, and affect. RESULTS Alpha EEG asymmetry was significantly higher in depressed than healthy participants at pre-treatment, positively correlated with negative affect and behavioral inhibition, and inversely correlated with lower behavioral activation sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Heightened alpha EEG asymmetry in depressed participants was significantly associated with increased behavioral inhibition and negative emotion and was independent of clinical remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackie K Gollan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive Disorders, 676 North St. Clair Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Denada Hoxha
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive Disorders, 676 North St. Clair Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dietta Chihade
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive Disorders, 676 North St. Clair Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mark E Pflieger
- Source Signal Imaging, Inc., 7171 Alvarado, Suite 103, La Mesa, CA 91942-8998, USA
| | - Laina Rosebrock
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive Disorders, 676 North St. Clair Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John Cacioppo
- The University of Chicago, Center for Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, 5848 South University Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Beyond the FN: A spatio-temporal analysis of the neural correlates of feedback processing in a virtual Blackjack game. Brain Cogn 2014; 86:104-15. [PMID: 24607733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to examine feedback processing in gambling tasks have focused almost exclusively on components elicited between 200 and 500ms after feedback over the frontal-central region of the scalp (i.e., P2, feedback negativity (FN), and P3a). In contrast, studies examining the functional neuroanatomy of feedback processing reveal activation in a distributed network that includes the anterior and posterior cingulate, the lateral and medial orbitofrontal cortex, the occipital cortex, and the basal ganglia. In the current study, we used ERPs in combination with spatial principal components-massive univariate analysis and distributed source analysis to examine the time course, topography, and neural generators of ERPs elicited in a virtual Blackjack game from 0 to 2000ms after feedback was delivered. The ERP data revealed the P2-FN-P3a complex, as well as, broadly distributed transient and slow wave activity that was sensitive to the magnitude and valence of an outcome. The ERPs reflected activation in the anterior and posterior cingulate, in addition to the occipital, temporal and medial frontal cortices. These data demonstrate that ERPs can provide valuable insight into the timing of neural recruitment within a distributed cortical network during the first two seconds of feedback processing.
Collapse
|
6
|
Laufs H. A personalized history of EEG–fMRI integration. Neuroimage 2012; 62:1056-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
|
7
|
Vullings R, de Vries B, Bergmans JWM. An Adaptive Kalman Filter for ECG Signal Enhancement. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011; 58:1094-103. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2010.2099229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
8
|
Mennes M, Wouters H, Vanrumste B, Lagae L, Stiers P. Validation of ICA as a tool to remove eye movement artifacts from EEG/ERP. Psychophysiology 2011; 47:1142-50. [PMID: 20409015 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Eye movement artifacts in electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings can greatly distort grand mean event-related potential (ERP) waveforms. Different techniques have been suggested to remove these artifacts prior to ERP analysis. Independent component analysis (ICA) is suggested as an alternative method to "filter" eye movement artifacts out of the EEG, preserving the brain activity of interest and preserving all trials. However, the identification of artifact components is not always straightforward. Here, we compared eye movement artifact removal by ICA compiled on 10 s of EEG, on eye movement epochs, or on the complete EEG recording to the removal of eye movement artifacts by rejecting trials or by the Gratton and Coles method. ICA performed as well as the Gratton and Coles method. By selecting only eye movement epochs for ICA compilation, we were able to facilitate the identification of components representing eye movement artifacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Mennes
- Department of Woman & Child, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Costa MH, Tavares MC. Removing harmonic power line interference from biopotential signals in low cost acquisition systems. Comput Biol Med 2009; 39:519-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Ball T, Kern M, Mutschler I, Aertsen A, Schulze-Bonhage A. Signal quality of simultaneously recorded invasive and non-invasive EEG. Neuroimage 2009; 46:708-16. [PMID: 19264143 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 02/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Both invasive and non-invasive electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings from the human brain have an increasingly important role in neuroscience research and are candidate modalities for medical brain-machine interfacing. It is often assumed that the major artifacts that compromise non-invasive EEG, such as caused by blinks and eye movement, are absent in invasive EEG recordings. Quantitative investigations on the signal quality of simultaneously recorded invasive and non-invasive EEG in terms of artifact contamination are, however, lacking. Here we compared blink related artifacts in non-invasive and invasive EEG, simultaneously recorded from prefrontal and motor cortical regions using an approach suitable for detection of small artifact contamination. As expected, we find blinks to cause pronounced artifacts in non-invasive EEG both above prefrontal and motor cortical regions. Unexpectedly, significant blink related artifacts were also found in the invasive recordings, in particular in the prefrontal region. Computing a ratio of artifact amplitude to the amplitude of ongoing brain activity, we find that the signal quality of invasive EEG is 20 to above 100 times better than that of simultaneously obtained non-invasive EEG. Thus, while our findings indicate that ocular artifacts do exist in invasive recordings, they also highlight the much better signal quality of invasive compared to non-invasive EEG data. Our findings suggest that blinks should be taken into account in the experimental design of ECoG studies, particularly when event related potentials in fronto-anterior brain regions are analyzed. Moreover, our results encourage the application of techniques for reducing ocular artifacts to further optimize the signal quality of invasive EEG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonio Ball
- Epilepsy Center, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vincent JL, Larson-Prior LJ, Zempel JM, Snyder AZ. Moving GLM ballistocardiogram artifact reduction for EEG acquired simultaneously with fMRI. Clin Neurophysiol 2007; 118:981-98. [PMID: 17368972 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Revised: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 12/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Simultaneous acquisition of electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables studies of brain activity at both high temporal and high spatial resolution. However, EEG acquired in a magnetic field is contaminated by ballistocardiogram (BKG) artifact. The most commonly used method of BKG artifact reduction, averaged artifact subtraction (AAS), was not designed to account for overlapping BKG waveforms generated by adjacent beats. We describe a new method based on a moving general linear model (mGLM) that accounts for overlapping BKG waveforms. METHODS Simultaneous EEG-fMRI at 3 Tesla was performed in nine normal human subjects (8-11 runs/subject, 5.52 min/run). Gradient switching artifact was effectively reduced using commercially supplied procedures. Cardiac beats were detected using a novel correlation detector algorithm applied to the EKG trace. BKG artifact was reduced using both mGLM and AAS. RESULTS mGLM recovered BKG waveforms outlasting the median inter-beat interval. mGLM more effectively than AAS removed variance in the EEG attributable to BKG artifact. CONCLUSIONS mGLM offers advantages over AAS especially in the presence of variable heart rate. SIGNIFICANCE The BKG artifact reduction procedure described herein improves the technique of simultaneous EEG-fMRI. Potential applications include basic investigations of the relationship between scalp potentials and functional imaging signals as well as clinical localization of epileptic foci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Vincent
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|