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Tan L, Xie X, Xu Y, Tian Q, Zhang Q, Lan G, Wang H, Zhao Y, Peng L. Skills to Perform Vessel Eversion in Mouse Cervical Cardiac Transplantation with Cuff Technique. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 36:318-322. [PMID: 33355791 PMCID: PMC8357381 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2020-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mouse heterotopic cardiac transplant model has been extensively used to explore transplant immunity. Although the cuff technique facilitates the operation, the procedure remains difficult, and vessel eversion is the most difficult step. Cuff movement and everted vessel wall slippage are the main adverse factors in vessel eversion. Traditional strategies to prevent these factors focus on cuff fixation, while more steps or surgical instruments would be required. METHODS According to the reported protocols and our experience, the vessel eversion skills were modified and used for transplantation. Cardiac grafts from C57BL/6(H-2b) or BALB/c(H-2d) mice were transplanted into C57BL/6(H-2b) mice. The operating times of recent 90 operations, which were divided into 9 groups according to their sequence, were summarized and analyzed. RESULTS The mouse cervical cardiac transplantation was successfully performed by using the modified vessel eversion skills. The cuff movement, which is the most important adverse factor to prevent vessel eversion, was effectively prevented. In the recent 90 operations, the total operating time was 47.3±7.9 min and the success rate was 98%. CONCLUSIONS The modified surgical skills simplify the vessel eversion in mouse cervical cardiac transplantation with cuff technique, characterized by less cuff movement, fewer steps, and surgical instruments. Using these surgical skills, the transplant can be performed in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tan
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xubiao Xie
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Qianchuan Tian
- Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Gongbin Lan
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Longkai Peng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Li W, Luehmann HP, Hsiao HM, Tanaka S, Higashikubo R, Gauthier JM, Sultan D, Lavine KJ, Brody SL, Gelman AE, Gropler RJ, Liu Y, Kreisel D. Visualization of Monocytic Cells in Regressing Atherosclerotic Plaques by Intravital 2-Photon and Positron Emission Tomography-Based Imaging-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1030-1036. [PMID: 29567678 PMCID: PMC5920767 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aortic arch transplants have advanced our understanding of processes that contribute to progression and regression of atherosclerotic plaques. To characterize the dynamic behavior of monocytes and macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques over time, we developed a new model of cervical aortic arch transplantation in mice that is amenable to intravital imaging. APPROACH AND RESULTS Vascularized aortic arch grafts were transplanted heterotropically to the right carotid arteries of recipient mice using microsurgical suture techniques. To image immune cells in atherosclerotic lesions during regression, plaque-bearing aortic arch grafts from B6 ApoE-deficient donors were transplanted into syngeneic CX3CR1 GFP reporter mice. Grafts were evaluated histologically, and monocytic cells in atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-deficient grafts were imaged intravitally by 2-photon microscopy in serial fashion. In complementary experiments, CCR2+ cells in plaques were serially imaged by positron emission tomography using specific molecular probes. Plaques in ApoE-deficient grafts underwent regression after transplantation into normolipidemic hosts. Intravital imaging revealed clusters of largely immotile CX3CR1+ monocytes/macrophages in regressing plaques that had been recruited from the periphery. We observed a progressive decrease in CX3CR1+ monocytic cells in regressing plaques and a decrease in CCR2+ positron emission tomography signal during 4 months. CONCLUSIONS Cervical transplantation of atherosclerotic mouse aortic arches represents a novel experimental tool to investigate cellular mechanisms that contribute to the remodeling of atherosclerotic plaques.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/diagnostic imaging
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/transplantation
- Aortic Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/diagnostic imaging
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Intravital Microscopy/methods
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Monocytes/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Red Fluorescent Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
| | | | - Hsi-Min Hsiao
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
| | - Satona Tanaka
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
| | - Ryuji Higashikubo
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
| | - Jason M Gauthier
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
| | | | | | | | - Andrew E Gelman
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology (A.E.G., D.K.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology (H.P.L., D.S., R.J.G., Y.L.)
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology (A.E.G., D.K.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO
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Mierke J, Christoph M, Pfluecke C, Jellinghaus S, Wunderlich C, Strasser RH, Ibrahim K, Poitz DM. Atheroprotective role of Caveolin-1 and eNOS in an innovative transplantation model is mainly mediated by local effects. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:529-536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Książek AA, Mitchell KJ, Morax L, Schwarzwald CC, Hoerstrup SP, Weber B. Hemodynamic Assessment of a Murine Heterotopic Biventricularly Loaded Cardiac Transplant in vivo Model. Eur Surg Res 2016; 57:171-185. [PMID: 27434273 DOI: 10.1159/000446515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterotopic heart transplantation (HHT) in rodent animal models represents an important technique enabling studies on organ transplantation immunology and pharmaceutical development. Recent investigations used nonworking HHT designs, with the left ventricle (LV) bypassed in the anastomosis system. In spite of their principal success, the lack of orthogonal ventricular filling leads to myocardial atrophy. However, when focusing on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the in vivo remodeling of the myocardium or cell-based cardiovascular implants, a nonworking model is suboptimal as it lacks the native-analogous hemodynamic and metabolic situation. Here we present the hemodynamic and electrical assessment of a biventricularly loaded murine HHT method without the need for a combined heart-lung transplantation approach. METHODS Heterotopic transplantations (n = 13) were performed on C57BL/6J-(H-2b) inbred mice (n = 13 donors, n = 13 recipients) by creating end-to-side anastomoses between the donors' cranial vena cava (CrVC) and the recipients' abdominal caudal vena cava (CVC), between the donors' ascending aorta and the recipients' abdominal aorta (aAo), and between the grafts' pulmonary trunk and the left atrium. After transplantation, a hemodynamic assessment using echocardiography (including 2D speckle tracking analysis) and electrocardiography was performed. RESULTS The loaded HHT procedure in the mice was performed with an overall success rate of 61%. In 3 of the remaining 5 cases, only atrial function was restored. The median duration of the entire surgical procedure for the recipient animal was 190 (IQR 180-250) min. The mean heart rate in the loaded HHT group was 355 ± 6 bpm in comparison to the control group with an in situ heart rate of 418 ± 61 bpm. A native-like closing and opening pattern of the aortic and mitral valves (visible on both 2D and M-mode images) was observed, confirming a native-analogous loading of the LV. Pulsed-wave Doppler provided visualization of the flow across the region of anastomoses between the pulmonary trunk and the left atrium, reaching a mean maximum velocity of 382 ± 12 mm/s. Exemplary 2D speckle tracking analysis of the LV free wall and interventricular septum revealed some differences in vector directions in one animal when compared to the orthotopic native heart, indicating an asynchronous movement of the LV. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the technical (micro)surgical feasibility of a fully loaded HHT procedure in the murine model without using a combined heart-lung transplantation approach. The acute hemodynamic performance of the HHT grafts approximated the native orthotopic situation. This model may open up new options for the investigation of cellular and molecular questions in the murine cardiovascular in vivo system in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A Książek
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Zhu P, Esckilsen S, Atkinson C, Chen XP, Nadig SN. A simplified cuff technique for abdominal aortic transplantation in mice. J Surg Res 2015; 200:707-13. [PMID: 26375503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allograft arteriopathy is still a leading cause of late organ failure. The aortic allograft model in mice has been used to study chronic rejection and has given useful information in the development of graft arteriosclerosis. However, the technical difficulties of small vessel anastomoses still continue to limit its widespread use. We introduce a new simple method for aortic transplantation in mice. METHODS The descending aorta or infrarenal aorta from the donor mouse was anastomosed to the infrarenal aorta using a cuff technique. Aortic transplantation was performed in 30 mice, 10 isografts and 20 allografts. No immunosuppression was administered, and the recipients were sacrificed at day 28. The grafts were histologically analyzed. RESULTS Implantation of grafts could be completed in an average of 23 min. There was no technical failure in all 60 anastomoses. The overall survival rate was 93.3%. Histology of aortas revealed typical aspects of chronic rejection in the allografts at day 28. No significant lesion was observed in isografts. CONCLUSIONS We have developed an innovative, stable, and simple aortic transplantation model in mice, which is useful for vascular research in transplantation and beyond.
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MESH Headings
- Allografts/pathology
- Allografts/transplantation
- Anastomosis, Surgical
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aorta, Abdominal/transplantation
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/transplantation
- Graft Rejection/pathology
- Isografts/pathology
- Isografts/transplantation
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C/surgery
- Mice, Inbred C57BL/surgery
- Models, Animal
- Transplantation, Homologous/methods
- Transplantation, Isogeneic/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhu
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Scott Esckilsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Members of the South Carolina Investigators in Transplantation (SCIT), Charleston, SC
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Satish N Nadig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Members of the South Carolina Investigators in Transplantation (SCIT), Charleston, SC.
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EXP CLIN TRANSPLANTExp Clin Transplant 2014; 12. [DOI: 10.6002/ect.2013.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Gong W, Thornley T, Whitcher GH, Ge F, Yuan S, Liu DJ, Balasubramanian S. Introduction of Modified Cervical Cardiac Transplant Model in Mice. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2012; 10:158-62. [DOI: 10.6002/ect.2011.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Siracuse JJ, Fisher MD, da Silva CG, Peterson CR, Csizmadia E, Moll HP, Damrauer SM, Studer P, Choi LE, Essayagh S, Kaczmarek E, Maccariello ER, Lee A, Daniel S, Ferran C. A20-mediated modulation of inflammatory and immune responses in aortic allografts and development of transplant arteriosclerosis. Transplantation 2012; 93:373-82. [PMID: 22245872 PMCID: PMC3275666 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3182419829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplant arteriosclerosis (TA) is the pathognomonic feature of chronic rejection, the primary cause of allograft failure. We have shown that the NF-κB inhibitory protein A20 exerts vasculoprotective effects in endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMC), and hence is a candidate to prevent TA. We sought direct proof for this hypothesis. METHODS Fully mismatched, C57BL/6 (H2) into BALB/c (H2), aorta to carotid allografts were preperfused with saline, recombinant A20 adenovirus (rAd.A20) or rAd.β-galactosidase (β-gal), implanted, harvested 4 weeks after transplantation, and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. We measured indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, interleukin-6, and transforming growth factor-β mRNA and protein levels in nontransduced, and rAd.A20 or rAd.β-gal-transduced human SMC cultures after cytokine treatment. RESULTS Vascular overexpression of A20 significantly reduced TA lesions. This correlated with decreased graft inflammation and increased apoptosis of neointimal SMC. Paradoxically, T-cell infiltrates increased in A20-expressing allografts, including the immunoprivileged media, which related to A20 preventing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase upregulation in SMC. However, infiltrating T cells were predominantly T-regulatory cells (CD25+/Forkhead Box P3 [FoxP3+]). This agrees with A20 inhibiting interleukin-6 and promoting transforming growth factor-β production by medial SMC and in SMC cultures exposed to cytokines, which favors differentiation of regulatory over pathogenic T cells. CONCLUSIONS In summary, A20 prevents immune-mediated remodeling of vascular allografts, therefore reduces TA lesions by affecting apoptotic and inflammatory signals and modifying the local cytokine milieu to promote an immunoregulatory response within the vessel wall. This highlights a novel function for A20 in local immunosurveillance, which added to its vasculoprotective effects, supports its therapeutic promise in TA.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aorta/transplantation
- Apoptosis
- Arteriosclerosis/complications
- Arteriosclerosis/immunology
- Arteriosclerosis/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Arteries/surgery
- Cells, Cultured
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Graft Rejection/etiology
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft Rejection/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Inflammation/immunology
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Animal
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha-Induced Protein 3
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Siracuse
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark D. Fisher
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cleide G. da Silva
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clayton R. Peterson
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Herwig P. Moll
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott M. Damrauer
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Studer
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynn E. Choi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanah Essayagh
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elzbieta Kaczmarek
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Maccariello
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andy Lee
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soizic Daniel
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Li C, Luo L, Lu J, Feng L, Shan J, Long D, Guo Y, Wu W, Li S, Li Y. A modified splint tubing technique for heterotopic heart transplantation in mouse. Transpl Immunol 2011; 25:82-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of glutathione-s-transferase mitigates transplant arteriosclerosis in rabbit carotid allografts. Transplantation 2010; 89:409-16. [PMID: 20177342 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181c69838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac transplant arteriosclerosis or cardiac allograft vasculopathy remains the leading cause of graft failure and patient death in heart transplant recipients. Endothelial cell injury is crucial in the development of human atherosclerosis and may play a role in allograft vasculopathy. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is known to protect endothelial cells from damage by oxidants and toxins. However, the contribution of human GST A4-4 (hGSTA4-4) to vascular cell injury and consequent transplant arteriosclerosis is unknown. METHODS A recombinant adenoviral vector containing hGSTA4-4 gene was constructed and delivered to vascular endothelial cells in an in vivo rabbit carotid artery transplant model. Forty-five days after transplantation, allografts were harvested (n=28). Blood flow was measured by ultrasonography. In addition, grafts were analyzed by histology, morphometry, immunostaining, and western blot. RESULTS The severity of arteriosclerosis in hGSTA4-4 transduced allografts was compared with control by measuring degree of stenosis by neointima. Decrease in blood flow in hGSTA4-4 transduced allografts was significantly less than control allografts, which also developed greater intimal thickening and stenosis than hGSTA4-4 transduced allografts in the proximal and distal regions of the graft. Leukocyte and macrophage infiltration was reduced in hGSTA4-4 transduced carotid arteries. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that hGSTA4-4 overexpression protects the integrity of vessel wall from oxidative injury, and attenuates transplant arteriosclerosis.
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Mitchell RN. Graft Vascular Disease: Immune Response Meets the Vessel Wall. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2009; 4:19-47. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pathol.3.121806.151449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard N. Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
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Shimizu I, Tomita Y, Okano S, Iwai T, Kajiwara T, Onzuka T, Tominaga R. Efficacy and Limitations of Natural Killer Cell Depletion in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Tolerance. Surg Today 2007; 37:24-9. [PMID: 17186341 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-006-3329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously developed a cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced tolerance protocol, consisting of an intravenous injection of 1 x 10(8) donor spleen cells (SC) given on day 0 and an intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg CP given on day 2. In the present study, we modified this protocol with natural killer cell (NK) depletion in recipient mice, and evaluated the efficacy of tolerance induction. METHODS We used B10.D2 (H-2d; IE+) and B10 (H-2b; IE-) mice as both donors and recipients. The recipient mice were treated with donor SC, CP, and donor bone marrow cells (BMCs) with or without NK depletion. RESULTS A higher level of mixed chimerism was achieved in the NK-depleted recipients. Survival of both the skin and heart donor grafts was significantly prolonged in the NK-depleted recipients. Donor reactive Vbeta11+ T cells were found at the same level as in untreated control mice. Pretreatment with recipient NK cell depletion was effective in inducing higher levels of donor mixed chimerism; however, permanent engraftment of donor bone marrow was not achieved. CONCLUSION Survival of donor grafts was remarkably prolonged in the NK cell-depleted group, but transplantation tolerance could not be induced. Our results suggest that NK cell depletion in CP-induced tolerance conditioning has some effect on the induction of donor-specific tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Shimizu I, Tomita Y, Iwai T, Kajiwara T, Okano S, Nomoto K, Tominaga R. Sequential analysis of anti-alpha Gal natural antibody-producing B cells in GalT knockout mice in cyclophosphamide-induced tolerance. Scand J Immunol 2006; 63:435-43. [PMID: 16764697 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.001763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced tolerance, marked by permanent acceptance of donor skin graft and establishment of donor mixed chimerism, was readily induced with treatment with donor spleen cells (SC), CP, busulfan (BU) and donor bone marrow cells (BMC). Here, we investigated the mechanism of anti-donor natural antibody (nAb) producing B-cell tolerance in our CP-induced tolerance systems in alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient knockout mice (GalT KO; GalT-/-, H-2(b/d)). After induction of tolerance using donor AKR SC and BMC, survival of donor heart and skin grafts and production of anti-Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc (anti-alphaGal) Ab in recipient GalT KO mice were analyzed. In addition, the production of anti-alphaGal Ab and the presence of Gal-BSA binding B cells in GalT KO mice were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) after treatments with rabbit red blood cells (RRBC) and CP. Permanent acceptance of donor skin and heart grafts and abrogation of anti-alphaGal Ab were achieved in GalT KO mice treated with donor SC + CP/BU + BMC. However, in the GalT KO mice treated with donor SC and CP, donor skin grafts were acutely rejected, even though anti-alphaGal Ab was undetectable. Similarly, anti-alphaGal Ab was undetectable in GalT KO mice treated with RRBC and CP. Our data strongly indicated the following mechanisms: the clonal destruction in the early stage and the clonal anergy or ignorance in the late stage after conventional conditioning with RRBC and CP. In conclusion, our drug-induced tolerance protocols are effective to induce tolerance in recipients that produce anti-donor nAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE A simplified method of heterotopic abdominal cardiac xenotransplantation and its technique problems are described. METHODS Hamster-to-rat cardiac xenotransplantation was performed by means of "sleeve and cuff" method. The left common carotid artery of the donor heart was anastomosed to the left renal artery of the recipient with a "sleeve" anastomosis, and the "cuffed" right pulmonary artery was anastamosed to the left renal vein of the rat. The viability of the donor heart was examined daily by palpating the left abdominal wall of the rat. RESULTS Among 105 rats that underwent heterotopic cardiac xenotransplantation, 95 were completed successfully. The xenograft survived for 3 to 4 days after the procedure suffering typical acute vascular rejection. CONCLUSIONS A useful, easy model to investigate the mechanisms of concordant xenotransplantation was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Shimizu I, Tomita Y, Iwai T, Kajiwara T, Okano S, Sueishi K, Nomoto K, Yasui H. Efficacy and limitations of cyclophosphamide-induced tolerance against alphaGal antigen. Scand J Immunol 2005; 62:271-80. [PMID: 16179014 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we have elucidated the efficacy of two cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced tolerance protocols for the induction of B-cell tolerance against Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc (alphaGal) antigens. alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient (GalT-/-; H-2(b/d)) mice received with 1 x 10(8) AKR (alphaGal+/+ H-2k) spleen cells (SC) followed by 200 mg/kg CP, or alternatively followed by 200 mg/kg CP, 30 mg/kg Busulfan (BU) and 1 x 10(8) T-cell-depleted AKR bone marrow cells (BMC). The generation of both anti-alphaGal and anti-donor antibodies were completely suppressed, but normal antibody production against third party antigens was observed after BALB/c skin grafting in both groups of GalT-/- mice. In GalT-/- mice, treated with SC and CP, mixed chimerism was not observed. Cellular rejection was observed in grafted donor AKR hearts with an absence of humoral rejection, whereas humoral rejection was observed in untreated GalT-/- mice. On the other hand, long-term mixed chimerism and permanent acceptance of donor AKR skin graft and heart graft were achieved in GalT-/- mice treated with SC, CP, BU and BMC. These results demonstrate the efficacy of classical drug-induced tolerance in the induction of B-cell tolerance against alphaGal antigens. However, induction of stable mixed chimerism was required for the suppression of cellular rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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