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Moulíková Š, Kolařík M, Lorch J, Kolarczyková D, Hubka V, Čmoková A. Wild rodents harbour high diversity of Arthroderma. PERSOONIA 2023; 50:27-47. [PMID: 38567260 PMCID: PMC10983839 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.50.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Arthroderma is the most diverse genus of dermatophytes, and its natural reservoir is considered to be soil enriched by keratin sources. During a study on the diversity of dermatophytes in wild small rodents in the Czech Republic, we isolated several strains of Arthroderma. To explore the diversity and ecological significance of these isolates from rodents (n = 29), we characterised the strains genetically (i.e., sequenced ITS, tubb and tef1α), morphologically, physiologically, and by conducting mating experiments. We then compared the rodent-derived strains to existing ITS sequence data from GenBank and the GlobalFungi Database to further investigate biogeography and the association of Arthroderma species with different types of environments. In total, eight Arthroderma species were isolated from rodents, including four previously described species (A. crocatum, A. cuniculi, A. curreyi, A. quadrifidum) and four new species proposed herein, i.e., A. rodenticum, A. simile, A. zoogenum and A. psychrophilum. The geographical distribution of these newly described species was not restricted to the Czech Republic nor rodents. Additional isolates were obtained from bats and other mammals, reptiles, and soil from Europe, North America, and Asia. Data mining showed that the genus has a diverse ecology, with some lineages occurring relatively frequently in soil, whereas others appeared to be more closely associated with live animals, as we observed in A. rodenticum. Low numbers of sequence reads ascribed to Arthroderma in soil show that the genus is rare in this environment, which supports the hypothesis that Arthroderma spp. are not soil generalists but rather strongly associated with animals and keratin debris. This is the first study to utilise existing metabarcoding data to assess biogeographical, ecological, and diversity patterns in dermatophytes. Citation: Moulíková Š, Kolařík M, Lorch JM, et al. 2022. Wild rodents harbour high diversity of Arthroderma. Persoonia 50: 27- 47. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2023.50.02.
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Affiliation(s)
- Š. Moulíková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Kolařík
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J.M. Lorch
- U.S. Geological Survey — National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - D. Kolarczyková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A. Čmoková
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Galbreath KE, Makarikov AA, Bell KC, Greiman SE, Allen JM, M S Haas G, Li C, Cook JA, Hoberg EP. Late Cenozoic History And The Role Of Beringia In Assembling A Holarctic Cestode Species Complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 183:107775. [PMID: 36972794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic climate history that drove sea level fluctuation during past glacial periods mediated the movement of organisms between Asia and North America via the Bering Land Bridge. Investigations of the biogeographic histories of small mammals and their parasites demonstrate facets of a complex history of episodic geographic colonization and refugial isolation that structured diversity across the Holarctic. We use a large multi-locus nuclear DNA sequence dataset to robustly resolve relationships within the cestode genus Arostrilepis (Cyclophyllidea: Hymenolepididae), a widespread parasite of predominantly arvicoline rodents (voles, lemmings). Using this phylogeny, we confirm that several Asian Arostrilepis lineages colonized North America during up to four distinct glacial periods in association with different rodent hosts, consistent with taxon-pulse dynamics. A previously inferred westward dispersal across the land bridge is rejected. We also refine interpretations of past host colonization, providing evidence for several distinct episodes of expanding host range, which probably contributed to diversification by Arostrilepis. Finally, Arostrilepis is shown to be paraphyletic with respect to Hymenandrya thomomyis, a parasite of pocket gophers, confirming that ancient Arostrilepis species colonized new host lineages upon arriving in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt E Galbreath
- Northern Michigan University, 1401, Presque Isle Ave, Marquette, MI 49855.
| | - Arseny A Makarikov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kayce C Bell
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900, Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007
| | - Stephen E Greiman
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458
| | - Julie M Allen
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557
| | - Genevieve M S Haas
- Northern Michigan University, 1401, Presque Isle Ave, Marquette, MI 49855
| | - Chenhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph A Cook
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Eric P Hoberg
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Pereverzeva VV, Dokuchaev NE, Primak AA, Dubinin EA. Variability of the Cytochrome b Polypeptide in the Gray Red-Backed Vole (Craseomys rufocanus). BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Petrova TV, Genelt-Yanovskiy EA, Lissovsky AA, Chash UMG, Masharsky AE, Abramson NI. Signatures of genetic isolation of the three lineages of the narrow-headed vole Lasiopodomys gregalis (Cricetidae, Rodentia) in a mosaic steppe landscape of South Siberia. Mamm Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-020-00099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Porter CA, Beasley NE, Ordóñez-Garza N, Lindsey LL, Rogers DS, Lewis-Rogers N, Sites JW, Bradley RD. A new species of big-eared climbing rat, genus Ototylomys (Cricetidae: Tylomyinae), from Chiapas, Mexico. J Mammal 2017; 98:1310-1329. [PMID: 29674786 PMCID: PMC5901089 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyx096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An allopatric population of big-eared climbing rats (Ototylomys) from the Northern Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico, is described as a new species. The new taxon is part of a unique montane rainforest community that includes several other endemic species in the limited geographic range between the Río Grijalva and the Central Depression of Chiapas. Several cranial, external, and molecular characters distinguish this new species of big-eared climbing rat from its more widely distributed congener, Ototylomys phyllotis. We performed principal component and discriminate function analyses of cranial measurements, and found that specimens of the new species consistently could be distinguished from other Ototylomys with strong statistical support. Compared with exemplars of Ototylomys from elsewhere in their range, the new species possesses a karyotype that differs by 3 additional biarmed chromosome pairs, is fixed or nearly fixed for distinct electromorphs at 12 allozyme loci, and the mean genetic distance exceeds 14%, based on comparisons of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene between the new species of Ototylomys and representatives of O. phyllotis. The restricted distribution in montane karst rainforest suggests that the species and its habitat may be a matter of conservation concern. Una población alopátrica de rata orejuda trepadora (Ototylomys) de las Tierras Altas del Norte de Chiapas, México se describe como una nueva especie. El nuevo taxón es parte de una comunidad única de bosque lluvioso montano que incluye varias especies endémicas en el área de distribución geográfica limitada entre el Río Grijalva y la Depresión Central de Chiapas. Varios caracteres craneales, externos, y moleculares distinguen la nueva rata orejuda trepadora de su congénere más ampliamente distribuido, Ototylomys phyllotis. Se realizaron análisis de componentes principales y de función discriminante de los caracteres craneales, y se encontró que los especímenes de La Pera fueron consistentemente distinguidos de otros Ototylomys con un fuerte soporte estadístico. En comparación con ejemplares de Ototylomys del rango, la nueva especie posee un cariotipo que difiere por 3 pares adicionales de cromosomas biarmados, está fijo o casi fijo por distintos electromorfos en 12 loci alozímicos. Adicionalmente, la media de la distancia genética comparada del gen mitochondrial citocromo b entre la nueva especie de Ototylomys y representantes de O. phyllotis, excede el 14%. La distribución restringida en el bosque lluvioso montano kárstico sugiere que la especie y su hábitat pueden ser de importancia para la conservación.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin A Porter
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA (CAP, NEB)
| | - Nia E Beasley
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA (CAP, NEB)
| | - Nicté Ordóñez-Garza
- Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA (NO-G, RDB)
| | - Laramie L Lindsey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA (LLL, RDB)
| | - Duke S Rogers
- Department of Biology and Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA (DSR, JWSJr)
| | - Nicole Lewis-Rogers
- Department of Zoology, Weber State University, 2505 University Circle, Ogden, UT 84408, USA (NL-R)
| | - Jack W Sites
- Department of Biology and Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA (DSR, JWSJr)
| | - Robert D Bradley
- Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA (NO-G, RDB).,Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA (LLL, RDB)
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Cryptosporidium infecting wild cricetid rodents from the subfamilies Arvicolinae and Neotominae. Parasitology 2017; 145:326-334. [PMID: 28870264 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017001524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We undertook a study on Cryptosporidium spp. in wild cricetid rodents. Fecal samples were collected from meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus), southern red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi), woodland voles (Microtus pinetorum), muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) and Peromyscus spp. mice in North America, and from bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and common voles (Microtus arvalis) in Europe. Isolates were characterized by sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU) and actin genes. Overall, 33·2% (362/1089) of cricetids tested positive for Cryptosporidium, with a greater prevalence in cricetids from North America (50·7%; 302/596) than Europe (12·1%; 60/493). Principal Coordinate analysis separated SSU sequences into three major groups (G1-G3), each represented by sequences from North American and European cricetids. A maximum likelihood tree of SSU sequences had low bootstrap support and showed G1 to be more heterogeneous than G2 or G3. Actin and concatenated actin-SSU trees, which were better resolved and had higher bootstrap support than the SSU phylogeny, showed that closely related cricetid hosts in Europe and North America are infected with closely related Cryptosporidium genotypes. Cricetids were not major reservoirs of human pathogenic Cryptosporidium spp.
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Pereverzeva VV, Primak AA. Genetic diversity of the cytochrome b gene fragment haplotypes in red-backed vole Myodes (Clethrionomys) rutilus Pallas, 1779. RUSS J GENET+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795416020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cornetti L, Lemoine M, Hilfiker D, Morger J, Reeh K, Tschirren B. Higher genetic diversity on mountain tops: the role of historical and contemporary processes in shaping genetic variation in the bank vole. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cornetti
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Mélissa Lemoine
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Daniela Hilfiker
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Morger
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Kevin Reeh
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Barbara Tschirren
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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Romanenko SA, Lemskaya NA, Trifonov VA, Serdyukova NA, O'Brien PCM, Bulatova NS, Golenishchev FN, Ferguson-Smith MA, Yang F, Graphodatsky AS. Genome-wide comparative chromosome maps of Arvicola amphibius, Dicrostonyx torquatus, and Myodes rutilus. Chromosome Res 2015; 24:145-59. [PMID: 26611440 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-015-9504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The subfamily Arvicolinae consists of a great number of species with highly diversified karyotypes. In spite of the wide use of arvicolines in biological and medicine studies, the data on their karyotype structures are limited. Here, we made a set of painting probes from flow-sorted chromosomes of a male Palearctic collared lemming (Dicrostonyx torquatus, DTO). Together with the sets of painting probes made previously from the field vole (Microtus agrestis, MAG) and golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus, MAU), we carried out a reciprocal chromosome painting between these three species. The three sets of probes were further hybridized onto the chromosomes of the Eurasian water vole (Arvicola amphibius) and northern red-backed vole (Myodes rutilus). We defined the diploid chromosome number in D. torquatus karyotype as 2n = 45 + Bs and showed that the system of sex chromosomes is X1X2Y1. The probes developed here provide a genomic tool-kit, which will help to investigate the evolutionary biology of the Arvicolinae rodents. Our results show that the syntenic association MAG1/17 is present not only in Arvicolinae but also in some species of Cricetinae; and thus, should not be considered as a cytogenetic signature for Arvicolinae. Although cytogenetic signature markers for the genera have not yet been found, our data provides insight into the likely ancestral karyotype of Arvicolinae. We conclude that the karyotypes of modern voles could have evolved from a common ancestral arvicoline karyotype (AAK) with 2n = 56 mainly by centric fusions and fissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Romanenko
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. .,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Natalya A Lemskaya
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Trifonov
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Natalya A Serdyukova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Patricia C M O'Brien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OES, UK
| | - Nina Sh Bulatova
- A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | | | - Malcolm A Ferguson-Smith
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OES, UK
| | - Fengtang Yang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
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Haukisalmi V. Checklist of tapeworms (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda) of vertebrates in Finland. Zookeys 2015:1-61. [PMID: 26668540 PMCID: PMC4669923 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.533.6538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A checklist of tapeworms (Cestoda) of vertebrates (fishes, birds and mammals) in Finland is presented, based on published observations, specimens deposited in the collections of the Finnish Museum of Natural History (Helsinki) and the Zoological Museum of the University of Turku, and additional specimens identified by the present author. The checklist includes 170 tapeworm species from 151 host species, comprising 447 parasite species/host species combinations. Thirty of the tapeworm species and 96 of the parasite/host species combinations have not been previously reported from Finland. The total number of tapeworm species in Finland (170 spp.) is significantly lower than the corresponding figure for the Iberian Peninsula (257 spp.), Slovakia (225 spp.) and Poland (279 spp.). The difference between Finland and the other three regions is particularly pronounced for anseriform, podicipediform, charadriiform and passeriform birds, reflecting inadequate and/or biased sampling of these birds in Finland. It is predicted that there are actually ca. 270 species of tapeworms in Finland, assuming that true number of bird tapeworms in Finland corresponds to that in other European countries with more comprehensive knowledge of the local tapeworm fauna. The other main pattern emerging from the present data is the seemingly unexplained absence in (northern) Fennoscandia of several mammalian tapeworms that otherwise have extensive distributions in the Holarctic region or in Eurasia, including the northern regions. Previously unknown type specimens, that is, the holotype of Bothrimonusnylandicus Schneider, 1902 (a junior synonym of Diplocotyleolrikii Krabbe, 1874) (MZH 127096) and the syntypes of Caryophyllaeidesfennica (Schneider, 1902) (MZH 127097) were located in the collections of the Finnish Museum of Natural History.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voitto Haukisalmi
- Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, P. O. Box 17, P. Rautatiekatu 13, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Iwasa MA, Nakata K. Conventionally and Differentially Stained Karyotypes of the Dark Red-Backed Vole,Myodes rex. MAMMAL STUDY 2015. [DOI: 10.3106/041.040.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and house mice (Mus musculus musculus; M. m. domesticus) in Europe are each parasitized by their own distinct species of Aspiculuris (Nematoda, Oxyurida). Parasitology 2015; 142:1493-505. [PMID: 26302680 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182015000864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The molecular phylogeny and morphology of the oxyuroid nematode genus Aspiculuris from voles and house mice has been examined. Worms collected from Myodes glareolus in Poland, Eire and the UK are identified as Aspiculuris tianjinensis, previously known only from China, while worms from Mus musculus from a range of locations in Europe and from laboratory mice, all conformed to the description of Aspiculuris tetraptera. Worms from voles and house mice are not closely related and are not derived from each other, with A. tianjinensis being most closely related to Aspiculuris dinniki from snow voles and to an isolate from Microtus longicaudus in the Nearctic. Both A. tianjinensis and A. tetraptera appear to represent recent radiations within their host groups; in voles, this radiation cannot be more than 2 million years old, while in commensal house mice it is likely to be less than 10,000 years old. The potential of Aspiculuris spp. as markers of host evolution is highlighted.
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Historical biogeography of fleas: the former Bering Land Bridge and phylogenetic dissimilarity between the Nearctic and Palearctic assemblages. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:1677-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Carleton MD, Gardner AL, Pavlinov IY, Musser GG. The valid generic name for red-backed voles (Muroidea: Cricetidae: Arvicolinae): restatement of the case forMyodesPallas, 1811. J Mammal 2014. [DOI: 10.1644/14-mamm-a-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Zaleśny G, Hildebrand J, Paziewska-Harris A, Behnke JM, Harris PD. Heligmosomoides neopolygyrus Asakawa & Ohbayashi, 1986, a cryptic Asian nematode infecting the striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius in Central Europe. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:457. [PMID: 25303901 PMCID: PMC4198666 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heligmosomoides polygyrus is a widespread gastro-intestinal nematode infecting wild Apodemus (wood mice) throughout Europe. Using molecular and morphological evidence, we review the status of Heligmosomoides from Apodemus agrarius in Poland previously considered to be an outlying clade of H. polygyrus, to further resolve the status of the laboratory model species, H. bakeri. Methods Morphological analysis of the male bursa and the synlophe, and molecular analyses of concatenated nuclear (28S rDNA, ITS1 and ITS2) and mitochondrial (CO1 and cytb) genes, of Heligmosomoides collected from Apodemus agrarius from two sites in Poland and comparison with related heligmosomids from voles and mice in Eurasia. Results Heligmosomoides neopolygyrus, a heligmosomid nematode from Apodemus species from China and Japan, is recognised for the first time in western Europe infecting Apodemus agrarius in Poland. It can be distinguished from H. polygyrus by the filiform externo-dorsal rays of the male copulatory bursa and the small, equally distributed longitudinal crêtes on the body. Specimens from A. agrarius are 20% different at ribosomal (ITS1 and ITS2) nuclear loci, and 10% different at the mitochondrial cytb locus from H. polygyrus, and in phylogenetic analyses group with the vole-infecting genus Heligmosomum. Conclusions Despite morphological similarity, H. neopolygyrus is only distantly related to H. polygyrus from western European Apodemus, and may be more closely related to vole-infecting taxa. It was brought into Europe by the recent rapid migration of the host mice. Inclusion of H. neopolygyrus in phylogenies makes it clear that Heligmosomoides is paraphyletic, with the pika-infecting Ohbayashinema and the vole-infecting Heligmosomum nesting within it. Clarification of the European status of H. neopolygyrus also allows H. bakeri, the laboratory model species, to be seen as a terminal sister clade to H. polygyrus, rather than as an internal clade of the latter taxon. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-014-0457-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Zaleśny
- Department of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Joanna Hildebrand
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, ul. Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Paziewska-Harris
- KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute, Meibergdreef 39, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jerzy M Behnke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG2 7RD, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Philip D Harris
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, N-0562, Oslo, Norway.
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Pankovics P, Boros Á, Kiss T, Reuter G. Identification and complete genome analysis of kobuvirus in faecal samples of European roller (Coracias garrulus): for the first time in a bird. Arch Virol 2014; 160:345-51. [PMID: 25195063 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The genus Kobuvirus (Picornaviridae) consists of three species, Aichivirus A (e.g., Aichi virus, which infects humans), Aichivirus B and Aichivirus C. Kobuvirus have not been detected in non-mammal species including birds. In this study, a novel kobuvirus was identified in 3 (17 %) out of 18 faecal samples collected from European rollers (Coracias garrulus) in Hungary. The complete genome sequence of strain SZAL6-KoV/2011/HUN (KJ934637), which was determined using a novel 5'/3' RACE method (dsRNA-RACE) involving a double-stranded (ds)RNA intermediate, has a type-V IRES at the 5' end and a cis-acting element (CRE) in the 3C gene and encodes L and 2A(H-box/NC) proteins, but it does not contain the sequence forming a "barbell-like" secondary RNA structure in the 3'UTR. SZAL6-KoV/2011/HUN has 72 %, 73 %, and 81 % amino acid sequence identity to the P1, P2, and P3 protein, respectively, of Aichi virus. Evolutionary analysis showed that SZAL6-KoV/2011/HUN shares a common ancestor with other kobuviruses but belongs to a more ancient lineage in the species Aichivirus A. Investigation of the known kobuviruses in different animals and discovery of novel kobuviruses in potential host species helps to clarify the evolutionary connection and zoonotic potential of kobuviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Pankovics
- Regional Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses, ÁNTSZ Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Szabadság út 7, 7623, Pécs, Hungary
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Relaxed functional constraints on triplicate α-globin gene in the bank vole suggest a different evolutionary history from other rodents. Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 113:64-73. [PMID: 24595364 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2014.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene duplication plays an important role in the origin of evolutionary novelties, but the mechanisms responsible for the retention and functional divergence of the duplicated copy are not fully understood. The α-globin genes provide an example of a gene family with different numbers of gene duplicates among rodents. Whereas Rattus and Peromyscus each have three adult α-globin genes (HBA-T1, HBA-T2 and HBA-T3), Mus has only two copies. High rates of amino acid evolution in the independently derived HBA-T3 genes of Peromyscus and Rattus have been attributed to positive selection. Using RACE PCR, reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and RNA-seq, we show that another rodent, the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus, possesses three transcriptionally active α-globin genes. The bank vole HBA-T3 gene is distinguished from each HBA-T1 and HBA-T2 by 20 amino acids and is transcribed 23- and 4-fold lower than HBA-T1 and HBA-T2, respectively. Polypeptides corresponding to all three genes are detected by electrophoresis, demonstrating that the translated products of HBA-T3 are present in adult erythrocytes. Patterns of codon substitution and the presence of low-frequency null alleles suggest a postduplication relaxation of purifying selection on bank vole HBA-T3.
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Kohli BA, Speer KA, Kilpatrick CW, Batsaikhan N, Damdinbazar D, Cook JA. Multilocus systematics and non-punctuated evolution of Holarctic Myodini (Rodentia: Arvicolinae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 76:18-29. [PMID: 24594062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The tribe Myodini consists of five genera of forest and alpine voles (Alticola, Caryomys, Eothenomys, Hyperacrius and Myodes) distributed throughout the Holarctic. Because mitochondrial evidence has revealed paraphyly and polyphyly among genera, we apply the first multilocus tests to clarify taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships. Our analyses of 28 of 36 species within Myodini, including three not previously sequenced (A. montosa, A. albicaudus, and H. fertilis), identify four distinct clades and provide the first molecular evidence that Hyperacrius may not belong in Myodini. Myodes is paraphyletic, while polyphyly of Alticola reflects apparent ancient mitochondrial introgression. Diversification in this tribe was hypothesized to be tightly linked to Late Cenozoic climatic events, however, lineage through time analysis indicates diversification over the last 4 My was gradual and not strongly punctuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks A Kohli
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-1051, USA.
| | - Kelly A Speer
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-1051, USA
| | | | - Nyamsuren Batsaikhan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaan Bataar, Mongolia
| | - Darmaa Damdinbazar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaan Bataar, Mongolia
| | - Joseph A Cook
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-1051, USA
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Sonsthagen SA, Chesser RT, Bell DA, Dove CJ. Hybridization among Arctic white-headed gulls (Larus spp.) obscures the genetic legacy of the Pleistocene. Ecol Evol 2012; 2:1278-95. [PMID: 22833800 PMCID: PMC3402200 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the influence of glacial oscillations on the genetic structure of seven species of white-headed gull that breed at high latitudes (Larus argentatus, L. canus, L. glaucescens, L. glaucoides, L. hyperboreus, L. schistisagus, and L. thayeri). We evaluated localities hypothesized as ice-free areas or glacial refugia in other Arctic vertebrates using molecular data from 11 microsatellite loci, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region, and six nuclear introns for 32 populations across the Holarctic. Moderate levels of genetic structure were observed for microsatellites (FST= 0.129), introns (ΦST= 0.185), and mtDNA control region (ΦST= 0.461), with among-group variation maximized when populations were grouped based on subspecific classification. Two haplotype and at least two allele groups were observed across all loci. However, no haplotype/allele group was composed solely of individuals of a single species, a pattern consistent with recent divergence. Furthermore, northernmost populations were not well differentiated and among-group variation was maximized when L. argentatus and L. hyberboreus populations were grouped by locality rather than species, indicating recent hybridization. Four populations are located in putative Pleistocene glacial refugia and had larger τ estimates than the other 28 populations. However, we were unable to substantiate these putative refugia using coalescent theory, as all populations had genetic signatures of stability based on mtDNA. The extent of haplotype and allele sharing among Arctic white-headed gull species is noteworthy. Studies of other Arctic taxa have generally revealed species-specific clusters as well as genetic structure within species, usually correlated with geography. Aspects of white-headed gull behavioral biology, such as colonization ability and propensity to hybridize, as well as their recent evolutionary history, have likely played a large role in the limited genetic structure observed.
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Chen WC, Hao HB, Sun ZY, Liu Y, Liu SY, Yue BS. Phylogenetic position of the genus Proedromys (Arvicolinae, Rodentia): Evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Husemann M, Namkung S, Habel JC, Danley PD, Hochkirch A. Phylogenetic analyses of band-winged grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Oedipodinae) reveal convergence of wing morphology. ZOOL SCR 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Cai K, Bai J, Chen S. Two new species of Schizorchis (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) from leporids (Lagomorpha: Leporidae) in China. J Parasitol 2012; 98:977-84. [PMID: 22559265 DOI: 10.1645/ge-3148.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Four specimens of wild leporids, Lepus capensis Linnaeus, 1758, in Longde County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NXHAR), and 40 domestic rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758) (20 from Xiji County, NXHAR, and 20 from Jingning County, Gansu Province) were examined for the presence of helminth parasites. Two new cestode species of Schizorchis Hansen, 1948 (Anoplocephalidae), were found: Schizorchis sinensis sp. n. from L. capensis and Schizorchis oryctolagi sp. n. from domestic rabbits. Schizorchis sinensis sp. n. is distinguished from all the species in the genus from pikas, Ochotona spp. (Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae) by having much longer strobila, a larger cirrus sac, a greater number of segments, and more numerous testes. The morphology of S. oryctolagi n. sp. is most similar to that of S. sinensis. It is distinguished from the latter species by its relatively small strobila, larger number of segments, smaller size of eggs, and much larger cirrus sac, which is substantially extending in a medial direction. In addition, a genital papilla is present in S. sinensis , but absent in S. oryctolagi. These findings indicate that species of Schizorchis are widespread in leporid mammals, contrary to the widespread opinion that the latter genus is specific to ochotonid lagomorph mammals. They are congruent, however, with the hypothesis of a close phylogenetic relationship between species of Schizorchis and Mosgovoyia. The occurrence of Schizorchis spp. in leporids is considered relict, vestigial from wider geographical and host ranges of this parasite genus during the Pleistocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuizheng Cai
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China.
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Hoberg EP, Galbreath KE, Cook JA, Kutz SJ, Polley L. Northern host-parasite assemblages: history and biogeography on the borderlands of episodic climate and environmental transition. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2012; 79:1-97. [PMID: 22726642 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398457-9.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diversity among assemblages of mammalian hosts and parasites in northern terrestrial ecosystems was structured by a deep history of biotic and abiotic change that overlies a complex geographic arena. Since the Pliocene, Holarctic ecosystems assembled in response to shifting climates (glacial and interglacial stages). Cycles of episodic dispersal/isolation and diversification defined northern diversity on landscape to regional scales. Episodes of geographic expansion and colonisation linked Eurasia and North America across Beringia and drove macroevolutionary structure of host and parasite associations. Asynchronous dispersal from centres of origin in Eurasia into the Nearctic resulted in gradients in parasite diversity in the carnivoran, lagomorph, rodent and artiodactyl assemblages we reviewed. Recurrent faunal interchange and isolation in conjunction with episodes of host colonisation have produced a mosaic structure for parasite faunas and considerable cryptic diversity among nematodes and cestodes. Mechanisms of invasion and geographic colonisation leading to the establishment of complex faunal assemblages are equivalent in evolutionary and ecological time, as demonstrated by various explorations of diversity in these high-latitude systems. Our ability to determine historical responses to episodic shifts in global climate may provide a framework for predicting the cascading effects of contemporary environmental change.
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Boratyński Z, Alves PC, Berto S, Koskela E, Mappes T, Melo-Ferreira J. Introgression of mitochondrial DNA among Myodes voles: consequences for energetics? BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:355. [PMID: 22151479 PMCID: PMC3260118 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Introgression of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is among the most frequently described cases of reticulate evolution. The tendency of mtDNA to cross interspecific barriers is somewhat counter-intuitive considering the key function of enzymes that it encodes in the oxidative-phosphorylation process, which could give rise to hybrid dysfunction. How mtDNA reticulation affects the evolution of metabolic functions is, however, uncertain. Here we investigated how morpho-physiological traits vary in natural populations of a common rodent (the bank vole, Myodes glareolus) and whether this variation could be associated with mtDNA introgression. First, we confirmed that M. glareolus harbour mtDNA introgressed from M. rutilus by analyzing mtDNA (cytochrome b, 954 bp) and nuclear DNA (four markers; 2333 bp in total) sequence variation and reconstructing loci phylogenies among six natural populations in Finland. We then studied geographic variation in body size and basal metabolic rate (BMR) among the populations of M. glareolus and tested its relationship with mtDNA type. RESULTS Myodes glareolus and its arctic neighbour, M. rutilus, are reciprocally monophyletic at the analyzed nuclear DNA loci. In contrast, the two northernmost populations of M. glareolus have a fixed mitotype that is shared with M. rutilus, likely due to introgressive hybridization. The analyses of phenotypic traits revealed that the body mass and whole-body, but not mass corrected, BMR are significantly reduced in M. glareolus females from northern Finland that also have the introgressed mitotype. Restricting the analysis to the single population where the mitotypes coexist, the association of mtDNA type with whole-body BMR remained but those with mass corrected BMR and body mass did not. Mitochondrial sequence variation in the introgressed haplotypes is compatible with demographic growth of the populations, but may also be a result of positive selection. CONCLUSION Our results show that the phenotypic traits vary markedly along the north-south axis of populations of M. glareolus. This variation may be related to adaptation to local environments and coincides with the gradient of genome reticulation between M. glareolus and M. rutilus, which was assessed by mtDNA introgression. Introgression of mtDNA may have affected morpho-physiological traits but do not show strong effects on either body mass or basal metabolic rate alone. We discuss the causes and biological meaning of our results and the means to clarify these questions in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbyszek Boratyński
- Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Research, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Boonstra R, Krebs CJ. Population dynamics of red-backed voles (Myodes) in North America. Oecologia 2011; 168:601-20. [PMID: 21947547 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We review the population dynamics of red-backed voles (Myodes species) in North America, the main deciduous and coniferous forest-dwelling microtines on this continent, and compare and contrast their pattern with that of the same or similar species in Eurasia. We identify 7 long-term studies of population changes in Myodes in North America. Using autoregressive and spectral analysis, we found that only 2 of the 7 show 3- to 5-year cycles like those found in some Eurasian populations. There was no relationship between latitude and cycling. The general lack of cyclicity is associated with two key aspects of their demography that act in tandem: first, poor overwinter survival in most years; second, chronically low densities, with irregular outbreak years. Eight factors might explain why some Myodes populations fluctuate in cycles and others fluctuate irregularly, and we review the evidence for each factor: food supplies, nutrients, predation, interspecific competition, disease, weather, spacing behavior and interactive effects. Of these eight, only food supplies appear to be sufficient to explain the differences between cyclic and non-cyclic populations. Irregular fluctuations are the result of pulsed food supplies in the form of berry crops (M. rutilus) or tree seeds (M. gapperi) linked to weather patterns. We argue that, to understand the cause for the patterns in the respective hemispheres, we must know the mechanism(s) driving population change and this must be linked to rigorous field tests. We suggest that a large-scale, year-round feeding experiment should improve overwintering survival, increase standing densities, and flip non-cyclic Myodes populations into cyclic dynamics that would mimic the patterns seen in the cyclic populations found in parts of Eurasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Boonstra
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Hope AG, Waltari E, Fedorov VB, Goropashnaya AV, Talbot SL, Cook JA. Persistence and diversification of the Holarctic shrew, Sorex tundrensis (Family Soricidae), in response to climate change. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:4346-70. [PMID: 21919986 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Environmental processes govern demography, species movements, community turnover and diversification and yet in many respects these dynamics are still poorly understood at high latitudes. We investigate the combined effects of climate change and geography through time for a widespread Holarctic shrew, Sorex tundrensis. We include a comprehensive suite of closely related outgroup taxa and three independent loci to explore phylogeographic structure and historical demography. We then explore the implications of these findings for other members of boreal communities. The tundra shrew and its sister species, the Tien Shan shrew (Sorex asper), exhibit strong geographic population structure across Siberia and into Beringia illustrating local centres of endemism that correspond to Late Pleistocene refugia. Ecological niche predictions for both current and historical distributions indicate a model of persistence through time despite dramatic climate change. Species tree estimation under a coalescent process suggests that isolation between populations has been maintained across timeframes deeper than the periodicity of Pleistocene glacial cycling. That some species such as the tundra shrew have a history of persistence largely independent of changing climate, whereas other boreal species shifted their ranges in response to climate change, highlights the dynamic processes of community assembly at high latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Hope
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Malyarchuk BA. Adaptive intraspecific divergence: An example using the animal cytochrome b gene. RUSS J GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795411070143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Koh HS, Yang BK, Heo SW, Jang KH, In ST. Genetic distinctiveness of the Korean red-backed vole (Myodes regulus) from Korea, revealed by mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences. Biochem Genet 2010; 49:153-60. [PMID: 21132562 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-010-9395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To examine the taxonomic status of the Korean red-backed vole (Myodes regulus), the full cytochrome b sequences of 21 red-backed voles from Korea and northeast China were compared with the corresponding haplotypes from 12 species of Myodes and Eothenomys from GenBank. We identified five red-backed voles from Mount Changbai and Harbin as Myodes rufocanus and three from Harbin as M. rutilus, and we confirmed that the red-backed voles from Korea are M. regulus and not Eothenomys regulus. We found that M. regulus from Korea differed from the other five species of Myodes and that the interspecific distances between M. regulus and each of the two species from northeast China were 4.55% (M. rufocanus) and 11.1% (M. rutilus). We concluded that M. regulus is also genetically distinct and is an endemic species of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Sun Koh
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk University, Cheongju, Korea.
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Koh HS, Yang BK, Lee BK, Jang KH, Bazarsad D, Park NJ. Genetic Distinctness of the Korean Red-backed Vole (Myodes regulus) from Korea, Revealed by the Mitochondrial DNA Control Region. ANIMAL SYSTEMATICS, EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY 2010. [DOI: 10.5635/kjsz.2010.26.3.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Wójcik JM, Kawałko A, Marková S, Searle JB, Kotlík P. Phylogeographic signatures of northward post-glacial colonization from high-latitude refugia: a case study of bank voles using museum specimens. J Zool (1987) 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Heisey DM, Mickelsen NA, Schneider JR, Johnson CJ, Johnson CJ, Langenberg JA, Bochsler PN, Keane DP, Barr DJ. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) susceptibility of several North American rodents that are sympatric with cervid CWD epidemics. J Virol 2010; 84:210-5. [PMID: 19828611 PMCID: PMC2798418 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00560-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a highly contagious always fatal neurodegenerative disease that is currently known to naturally infect only species of the deer family, Cervidae. CWD epidemics are occurring in free-ranging cervids at several locations in North America, and other wildlife species are certainly being exposed to infectious material. To assess the potential for transmission, we intracerebrally inoculated four species of epidemic-sympatric rodents with CWD. Transmission was efficient in all species; the onset of disease was faster in the two vole species than the two Peromyscus spp. The results for inocula prepared from CWD-positive deer with or without CWD-resistant genotypes were similar. Survival times were substantially shortened upon second passage, demonstrating adaptation. Unlike all other known prion protein sequences for cricetid rodents that possess asparagine at position 170, our red-backed voles expressed serine and refute previous suggestions that a serine in this position substantially reduces susceptibility to CWD. Given the scavenging habits of these rodent species, the apparent persistence of CWD prions in the environment, and the inevitable exposure of these rodents to CWD prions, our intracerebral challenge results indicate that further investigation of the possibility of natural transmission is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M Heisey
- USGS National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
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Triant DA, DeWoody JA. Demography and Phylogenetic Utility of Numt Pseudogenes in the Southern Red-Backed Vole (Myodes gapperi). J Mammal 2009. [DOI: 10.1644/08-mamm-a-149r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Aubry KB, Statham MJ, Sacks BN, Perrine JD, Wisely SM. Phylogeography of the North American red fox: vicariance in Pleistocene forest refugia. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:2668-86. [PMID: 19457180 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith B Aubry
- US Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, WA 98512, USA
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Runck AM, Matocq MD, Cook JA. Historic hybridization and persistence of a novel mito-nuclear combination in red-backed voles (genus Myodes). BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9:114. [PMID: 19460158 PMCID: PMC2697987 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of hybridization in generating diversity in animals is an active area of discovery and debate. We assess hybridization across a contact zone of northern (Myodes rutilus) and southern (M. gapperi) red-backed voles using variation in skeletal features and both mitochondrial and nuclear loci. This transect extends approximately 550 km along the North Pacific Coast of North America and encompasses 26 populations (n = 485). We establish the history, geographic extent and directionality of hybridization, determine whether hybridization is ongoing, and assess the evolutionary stability of novel genomic combinations. RESULTS Identification of M. rutilus and M. gapperi based on the degree of closure of the post-palatal bridge was concordant with the distribution of diagnostic nuclear MYH6 alleles; however, an 80 km zone of introgressed populations was identified. The introgressant form is characterized by having mitochondrial haplotypes closely related to the northern M. rutilus on a nuclear background and morphological characteristics of southern M. gapperi. CONCLUSION Introgression appears to have been historic as pure populations of M. rutilus are now isolated to the north from introgressants or pure M. gapperi by the LeConte Glacier. As we do not find pure M. rutilus or M. gapperi individuals throughout the distribution of the introgressant form, it appears that the introgressants are a self-sustaining entity not requiring continued hybridization between pure parental forms to generate this novel combination of characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Runck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | - Marjorie D Matocq
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89512, USA
| | - Joseph A Cook
- Biology Department and Museum of Southwestern Biology University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Deffontaine V, Ledevin R, Fontaine MC, Quéré JP, Renaud S, Libois R, Michaux JR. A relict bank vole lineage highlights the biogeographic history of the Pyrenean region in Europe. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:2489-502. [PMID: 19389172 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Pyrenean region exhibits high levels of endemism suggesting a major contribution to the phylogeography of European species. But, to date, the role of the Pyrenees and surrounding areas as a glacial refugium for temperate species remains poorly explored. In the current study, we investigated the biogeographic role of the Pyrenean region through the analyses of genetic polymorphism and morphology of a typical forest-dwelling small mammal, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). Analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and the third upper molar (M(3)) show a complex phylogeographic structure in the Pyrenean region with at least three distinct lineages: the Western European, Spanish and Basque lineages. The Basque lineage in the northwestern (NW) Pyrenees was identified as a new clearly differentiated and geographically localized bank vole lineage in Europe. The average M(3) shape of Basque bank voles suggests morphological differentiation but also restricted genetic exchanges with other populations. Our genetic and morphological results as well as palaeo-environmental and fossils records support the hypothesis of a new glacial refugium in Europe situated in the NW Pyrenees. The permissive microclimatic conditions that prevailed for a long time in this region may have allowed the survival of temperate species, including humans. Moreover, local differentiation around the Pyrenees is favoured by the opportunity for populations to track the shift of the vegetation belt in altitude rather than in latitude. The finding of the Basque lineage is in agreement with the high level of endemic taxa reported in the NW Pyrenees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Deffontaine
- Unité de recherches zoogéographiques, University of Liège, Bât. B22, Boulevard du Rectorat, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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BUZAN ELENAV, KRYSTUFEK BORIS, HÄNFLING BERND, HUTCHINSON WILLIAMF. Reply to Triant D and DeWoody J: Integrating numt pseudogenes into mitochondrial phylogenies: comment on Mitochondrial phylogeny of Arvicolinae using comprehensive taxonomic sampling yields new insights. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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CORDELLIER M, PFENNINGER M. Inferring the past to predict the future: climate modelling predictions and phylogeography for the freshwater gastropodRadix balthica(Pulmonata, Basommatophora). Mol Ecol 2009; 18:534-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.04042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Robovský J, Řičánková V, Zrzavý J. Phylogeny of Arvicolinae (Mammalia, Cricetidae): utility of morphological and molecular data sets in a recently radiating clade. ZOOL SCR 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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BUZAN ELENAV, KRYSTUFEK BORIS, HÄNFLING BERND, HUTCHINSON WILLIAMF. Mitochondrial phylogeny of Arvicolinae using comprehensive taxonomic sampling yields new insights. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Lebedev VS, Bannikova AA, Tesakov AS, Abramson NI. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Alticola (Cricetidae, Rodentia) as inferred from the sequence of the cytochrome b gene. ZOOL SCR 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Waltari E, Hijmans RJ, Peterson AT, Nyári AS, Perkins SL, Guralnick RP. Locating pleistocene refugia: comparing phylogeographic and ecological niche model predictions. PLoS One 2007; 2:e563. [PMID: 17622339 PMCID: PMC1905943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological niche models (ENMs) provide a means of characterizing the spatial distribution of suitable conditions for species, and have recently been applied to the challenge of locating potential distributional areas at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) when unfavorable climate conditions led to range contractions and fragmentation. Here, we compare and contrast ENM-based reconstructions of LGM refugial locations with those resulting from the more traditional molecular genetic and phylogeographic predictions. We examined 20 North American terrestrial vertebrate species from different regions and with different range sizes for which refugia have been identified based on phylogeographic analyses, using ENM tools to make parallel predictions. We then assessed the correspondence between the two approaches based on spatial overlap and areal extent of the predicted refugia. In 14 of the 20 species, the predictions from ENM and predictions based on phylogeographic studies were significantly spatially correlated, suggesting that the two approaches to development of refugial maps are converging on a similar result. Our results confirm that ENM scenario exploration can provide a useful complement to molecular studies, offering a less subjective, spatially explicit hypothesis of past geographic patterns of distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Waltari
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America.
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42
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Duszynski DW, Lynch AJ, Cook JA. Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Infecting Cricetid Rodents from Alaska, U.S.A., and Northeastern Siberia, Russia, and Description of a New Eimeria Species from Myodes rutilus, the Northern Red-Backed Vole. COMP PARASITOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1654/4269.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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Galewski T, Tilak MK, Sanchez S, Chevret P, Paradis E, Douzery EJP. The evolutionary radiation of Arvicolinae rodents (voles and lemmings): relative contribution of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA phylogenies. BMC Evol Biol 2006; 6:80. [PMID: 17029633 PMCID: PMC1618403 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-6-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial and nuclear genes have generally been employed for different purposes in molecular systematics, the former to resolve relationships within recently evolved groups and the latter to investigate phylogenies at a deeper level. In the case of rapid and recent evolutionary radiations, mitochondrial genes like cytochrome b (CYB) are often inefficient for resolving phylogenetic relationships. One of the best examples is illustrated by Arvicolinae rodents (Rodentia; Muridae), the most impressive mammalian radiation of the Northern Hemisphere which produced voles, lemmings and muskrats. Here, we compare the relative contribution of a nuclear marker--the exon 10 of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene--to the one of the mitochondrial CYB for inferring phylogenetic relationships among the major lineages of arvicoline rodents. RESULTS The analysis of GHR sequences improves the overall resolution of the Arvicolinae phylogeny. Our results show that the Caucasian long-clawed vole (Prometheomys schaposnikowi) is one of the basalmost arvicolines, and confirm that true lemmings (Lemmus) and collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx) are not closely related as suggested by morphology. Red-backed voles (Myodini) are found as the sister-group of a clade encompassing water vole (Arvicola), snow vole (Chionomys), and meadow voles (Microtus and allies). Within the latter, no support is recovered for the generic recognition of Blanfordimys, Lasiopodomys, Neodon, and Phaiomys as suggested by morphology. Comparisons of parameter estimates for branch lengths, base composition, among sites rate heterogeneity, and GTR relative substitution rates indicate that CYB sequences consistently exhibit more heterogeneity among codon positions than GHR. By analyzing the contribution of each codon position to node resolution, we show that the apparent higher efficiency of GHR is due to their third positions. Although we focus on speciation events spanning the last 10 million years (Myr), CYB sequences display highly saturated codon positions contrary to the nuclear exon. Lastly, variable length bootstrap predicts a significant increase in resolution of arvicoline phylogeny through the sequencing of nuclear data in an order of magnitude three to five times greater than the size of GHR exon 10. CONCLUSION Our survey provides a first resolved gene tree for Arvicolinae. The comparison of CYB and GHR phylogenetic efficiency supports recent assertions that nuclear genes are useful for resolving relationships of recently evolved animals. The superiority of nuclear exons may reside both in (i) less heterogeneity among sites, and (ii) the presence of highly informative sites in third codon positions, that evolve rapidly enough to accumulate synapomorphies, but slow enough to avoid substitutional saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Galewski
- Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Phylogénie et Paléobiologie--CC064, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554/CNRS, Université Montpellier II, France.
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Kotlík P, Deffontaine V, Mascheretti S, Zima J, Michaux JR, Searle JB. A northern glacial refugium for bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:14860-4. [PMID: 17001012 PMCID: PMC1595441 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0603237103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is controversy and uncertainty on how far north there were glacial refugia for temperate species during the Pleistocene glaciations and in the extent of the contribution of such refugia to present-day populations. We examined these issues using phylogeographic analysis of a European woodland mammal, the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). A Bayesian coalescence analysis indicates that a bank vole population survived the height of the last glaciation (approximately 25,000-10,000 years B.P.) in the vicinity of the Carpathians, a major central European mountain chain well north of the Mediterranean areas typically regarded as glacial refugia for temperate species. Parameter estimates from the fitted isolation with migration model show that the divergence of the Carpathian population started at least 22,000 years ago, and it was likely followed by only negligible immigration from adjacent regions, suggesting the persistence of bank voles in the Carpathians through the height of the last glaciation. On the contrary, there is clear evidence for gene flow out of the Carpathians, demonstrating the contribution of the Carpathian population to the colonization of Europe after the Pleistocene. These findings are consistent with data from animal and plant fossils recovered in the Carpathians and provide the clearest phylogeographic evidence to date of a northern glacial refugium for temperate species in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kotlík
- Department of Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
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Haukisalmi V, Hardman LM, Hardman M, Laakkonen J, Niemimaa J, Henttonen H. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Paranoplocephala buryatiensis n. sp. and P. longivaginata Chechulin & Gulyaev, 1998 (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) in voles of the genus Clethrionomys. Syst Parasitol 2006; 66:55-71. [PMID: 16977425 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-006-9059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 03/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new species, Paranoplocephala buryatiensis n. sp. (Cestoda:Anoplocephalidae), is described from the grey-sided vole Clethrionomys rufocanus (Sundevall) in the Republic of Buryatia (Russian Federation) and compared with P. longivaginata Chechulin & Gulyaev, 1998, a parasite of the red vole C. rutilus (Pallas) in the same region. P. buryatiensis n. sp. and P. longivaginata both have an exceptionally long vagina and cirrus, unique features among known species of Paranoplocephala Lühe, 1910. The new species differs from P. longivaginata primarily by its wider and more robust body, lower length/width ratio of mature proglottides, tendency of testes to occur in two separate groups, seminal receptacle of a different shape and the position of the cirrus-sac with respect to the ventral longitudinal osmoregulatory canal. The cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence data support the independent status of these species, and show that they form a monophyletic assemblage within Paranoplocephala (sensu lato). Assuming cospeciation, an indirect calibration using host speciation dates estimated a rate of mtDNA substitution of 1.0-1.7% pairwise (0.5-0.85% per lineage) sequence divergence per million years. A faunistic review of Paranoplocephala species in C. rufocanus and C. rutilus in the Holarctic region is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voitto Haukisalmi
- Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Unit, PO Box 18, FIN-01301 Vantaa, Finland.
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Stadelmann B, Lin LK, Kunz TH, Ruedi M. Molecular phylogeny of New World Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2006; 43:32-48. [PMID: 17049280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Revised: 05/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that species in the genus Myotis have evolved a number of convergent morphological traits, many of which are more related to their mode of food procurement than to their phylogeny. Surprisingly, the biogeographic origins of these species are a much better predictor of phylogenetic relationships, than their morphology. In particular, a monophyletic clade that includes all New World species was apparent, but only a third of the 38 species have been analysed. In order to better understand the evolution of this clade, we present phylogenetic reconstructions of 17 Nearctic and 13 Neotropical species of Myotis compared to a number of Old World congeners. These reconstructions are based on mitochondrial cytochrome b (1140 bp), and nuclear Rag 2 genes (1148 bp). Monophyly of the New World clade is strongly supported in all analyses. Two Palaearctic sister species, one from the west (M. brandtii) and one from the east (M. gracilis), are embedded within the New World clade, suggesting that they either moved across the Bering Strait, or that they descended from the same ancestor that reached the New World. An emerging feature of these phylogenetic reconstructions is that limited faunal exchanges have occurred, including between the North and South American continents, further emphasizing the importance of biogeography in the radiation of Myotis. A fossil-calibrated, relaxed molecular-clock model was used to estimate the divergence time of New World lineages to 12.2+/-2.0 MYA. Early diversification of New World Myotis coincides with the sharp global cooling of the Middle Miocene. Radiation of the temperate-adapted Myotis may have been triggered by these climatic changes. The relative paucity of species currently found in South America might result from a combination of factors including the early presence of competitors better adapted to tropical habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Stadelmann
- Department of Mammalogy and Ornithology, Natural History Museum, P.O. Box 6434, 1211 Geneva 6, Switzerland
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Zink RM, Pavlova A, Rohwer S, Drovetski SV. Barn swallows before barns: population histories and intercontinental colonization. Proc Biol Sci 2006; 273:1245-51. [PMID: 16720398 PMCID: PMC1560278 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) is one of most widely distributed swallows, owing in part to its recent switch from natural nest sites to human structures. We conducted phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear DNA to explore the recent evolutionary history of this species. Strongly supported mtDNA clades corresponded to Europe, Asia and North America plus the Baikal region of Asia. Analysis of sequence data from a sex-linked nuclear gene was unable to recover the phylogenetic splits in the mtDNA tree, confirming that the main clades evolved recently. The phylogenetic pattern suggests that the ancestral area of the barn swallow was the holarctic; most divergence events are consistent with vicariance. Most unexpectedly, analyses show that barn swallows from North America colonized the Baikal region in the recent past (one fixed substitution). This dispersal direction is opposite of that for most nearctic-palearctic taxon exchanges. Although this invasion was envisioned to coincide with the appearance of new types of human dwelling in the Baikal region, calibration of molecular divergence suggests an older dispersal event. A recent history of gene flow within the main palearctic clades is consistent with range and population expansion owing to new nesting opportunities provided by human settlements. Contrary to expectation, populations in North America appear historically larger and more stable than those in the palearctic. The Baikal population apparently has not increased greatly since colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Zink
- Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Elias SP, Witham JW, Hunter ML. A CYCLIC RED-BACKED VOLE (CLETHRIONOMYS GAPPERI) POPULATION AND SEEDFALL OVER 22 YEARS IN MAINE. J Mammal 2006. [DOI: 10.1644/05-mamm-a-170r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Cook JA, Hoberg EP, Koehler A, Henttonen H, Wickström L, Haukisalmi V, Galbreath K, Chernyavski F, Dokuchaev N, Lahzuhtkin A, MacDonald SO, Hope A, Waltari E, Runck A, Veitch A, Popko R, Jenkins E, Kutz S, Eckerlin R. Beringia: Intercontinental exchange and diversification of high latitude mammals and their parasites during the Pliocene and Quaternary. MAMMAL STUDY 2005. [DOI: 10.3106/1348-6160(2005)30[33:bieado]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Waltari E, Cook JA. Hares on ice: phylogeography and historical demographics of Lepus arcticus, L. othus, and L. timidus (Mammalia: Lagomorpha). Mol Ecol 2005; 14:3005-16. [PMID: 16101770 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Phylogeographical investigations of arctic organisms provide spatial and temporal frameworks for interpreting the role of climate change on biotic diversity in high-latitude ecosystems. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted on 473 base pairs of the mitochondrial control region in 192 arctic hares (Lepus arcticus, Lepus othus, Lepus timidus) and two individual Lepus townsendii. The three arctic hare species are closely related. All L. othus individuals form one well-supported clade, L. arcticus individuals form two well-supported clades, and L. timidus individuals are scattered throughout the phylogeny. Arctic hare distribution was altered dramatically following post-Pleistocene recession of continental ice sheets. We tested for genetic signatures of population expansion for hare populations now found in deglaciated areas. Historical demographic estimates for 12 arctic hare populations from throughout their range indicate that L. arcticus and L. othus persisted in two separate North American arctic refugia (Beringia and High Canadian Arctic) during glacial advances of the Pleistocene, while the high genetic diversity in L. timidus likely reflects multiple Eurasian refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Waltari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209-8007, USA.
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