Association of adiposity assessed by means of near-infrared interactance with the beta-cell function, insulin resistance and leptin concentrations in non-obese subjects. Exploratory study

Determinants of insulin secretion and sensitivity in bangladeshi type 2 diabetic subjects

BACKGROUND

The relative contribution of insulin secretion and sensitivity in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) vary from population to population due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease. The study was undertaken to evaluate the insulin secretory capacity and sensitivity in a Bangladeshi type 2 diabetic population and to explore the association of some of the anthropometric (BMI, WHR, MBP) and biochemical factors (glucose, lipids, HbA(1c)) known to modulate B-cell function and insulin action.

METHODS

Ninety three T2DM and 70 age-matched control subjects were studied for their fasting glucose, lipids, HbA(1c) (by HPLC) and C-peptide (by ELISA). Insulin secretion (HOMA B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA S) were calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).

RESULTS

Both insulin secretion and sensitivity were significantly reduced in diabetic as compared to control subjects (HOMA B%, geometric M +/- SD, 34.67 +/- 1.73 vs 104.71 +/- 1.34, p < 0.001; HOMA S%, 67.60 +/- 1.69 vs 85.11 +/- 1.54, p < 0.01). However, the discriminant function coefficient for HOMA B (1.142) was about 1.5 times higher than that for HOMA S (0.731). In T2DM, HOMA B had positive correlation with BMI (r = 0.362, p < 0.001) and inverse correlation with plasma glucose (r = - 0.701, p < 0.001) and HbA1c (r = - 0.612, p < 0.001). HOMA S was inversely correlated to BMI (r = - 0.274, p < 0.01), WHR (r = - 0.252, p < 0.05), plasma total cholesterol (r = - 0.240, p < 0.05) and triglycerides (r = 0.301, p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Both insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance are present in Bangladeshi T2DM subjects, but B-cell dysfunction seems to be the predominant defect. BMI, plasma glucose and insulin are the major determinants of insulin secretory capacity; and generalized as well as central obesity, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin are among the major determinants of insulin sensitivity in this population.

Effect of tequila on homocysteine, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic profile in healthy men

AIM

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of a low dose of tequila on homocysteine, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic profile in healthy young men.

METHODS

An open clinical trial was carried out in eight healthy nonobese, young male volunteers. The study was divided in two phases. The first one evaluated metabolic changes, including insulin secretion and sensitivity due to acute administration of 30 ml of straight tequila. The second phase of the study evaluated metabolic effects due to the daily administration of 30 ml of tequila during 30 days.

RESULTS

There were no significant metabolic changes after the single oral administration of 30 ml of straight tequila. After the administration of tequila during 30 days, a significant increase in homocysteine levels and a tendency to increase the glucose concentration and to decrease the insulin sensitivity were found.

CONCLUSION

Detrimental metabolic changes were observed with the daily administration of 30 ml of tequila during 30 days.