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Hitoshio K, Maeda H, Teranishi K, Shimokawa J, Yorimitsu H. Synthesis of unsymmetrical dialkoxydiarylsilanes and diarylsilanediols from tetraalkoxysilane having a dioxasilepane unit. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38916043 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02051k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The tetraalkoxysilane carrying a stable seven-membered dioxasilepane moiety and two trifluoroethoxy groups undergoes reliable iterative substitution of the two trifluoroethoxy groups by sequential treatment with different aryl Grignard reagents while keeping the seven-membered structure intact. The process results in the synthesis of unsymmetrical dialkoxydiarylsilanes and eventually diarylsilanediols after proper hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshiro Hitoshio
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Maeda
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Kento Teranishi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Jun Shimokawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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2
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Kannengießer JF, Morgenstern B, Janka O, Kickelbick G. Oligo-Condensation Reactions of Silanediols with Conservation of Solid-State-Structural Features. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303343. [PMID: 38146778 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Oligo- and polysiloxanes are usually prepared by condensation reactions in solvents without control of stereochemistry. Here we present a solventless thermal condensation of stable organosilanols. We investigated the condensation reactions of organosilanediols with different organic substituents, having in common at least one aromatic group. The condensation kinetics of the precursors observed by NMR spectroscopy revealed a strong dependence on temperature, time, and substitution pattern at the silicon atom. SEC measurements showed that chain length increases with increasing condensation temperature and time and lower steric demand of the substituents, which also influences the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the resulting oligo- or polymers. X-ray diffraction studies of the crystalline silanediols and their condensation products revealed a structural correlation between the substituent location in the crystalline precursors and the formed macromolecules induced by the hydrogen bonding pattern. In certain cases, it is possible to carry out topotactic polymerization in the solid-state, which has its origin in the crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Falk Kannengießer
- Saarland University, Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry, Campus, Building C4 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Saarland University, Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry, Campus, Building C4 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Oliver Janka
- Saarland University, Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry, Campus, Building C4 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Guido Kickelbick
- Saarland University, Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry, Campus, Building C4 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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3
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Markin CJ, Mokhtari DA, Du S, Doukov T, Sunden F, Cook JA, Fordyce PM, Herschlag D. Decoupling of catalysis and transition state analog binding from mutations throughout a phosphatase revealed by high-throughput enzymology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219074120. [PMID: 37428919 PMCID: PMC10629569 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219074120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Using high-throughput microfluidic enzyme kinetics (HT-MEK), we measured over 9,000 inhibition curves detailing impacts of 1,004 single-site mutations throughout the alkaline phosphatase PafA on binding affinity for two transition state analogs (TSAs), vanadate and tungstate. As predicted by catalytic models invoking transition state complementary, mutations to active site and active-site-contacting residues had highly similar impacts on catalysis and TSA binding. Unexpectedly, most mutations to more distal residues that reduced catalysis had little or no impact on TSA binding and many even increased tungstate affinity. These disparate effects can be accounted for by a model in which distal mutations alter the enzyme's conformational landscape, increasing the occupancy of microstates that are catalytically less effective but better able to accommodate larger transition state analogs. In support of this ensemble model, glycine substitutions (rather than valine) were more likely to increase tungstate affinity (but not more likely to impact catalysis), presumably due to increased conformational flexibility that allows previously disfavored microstates to increase in occupancy. These results indicate that residues throughout an enzyme provide specificity for the transition state and discriminate against analogs that are larger only by tenths of an Ångström. Thus, engineering enzymes that rival the most powerful natural enzymes will likely require consideration of distal residues that shape the enzyme's conformational landscape and fine-tune active-site residues. Biologically, the evolution of extensive communication between the active site and remote residues to aid catalysis may have provided the foundation for allostery to make it a highly evolvable trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J. Markin
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | | | - Siyuan Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Tzanko Doukov
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, Stanford Linear Accelerator Centre National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - Fanny Sunden
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Jordan A. Cook
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Polly M. Fordyce
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA94110
| | - Daniel Herschlag
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
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4
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Yang C, Chen J, Li X, Meng L, Wang K, Sun W, Fan B. Difluoroallylation of Silanes under Photoirradiation. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/a22110454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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5
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Kannengießer JF, Briesenick M, Meier D, Huch V, Morgenstern B, Kickelbick G. Synthesis and Hydrogen-Bond Patterns of Aryl-Group Substituted Silanediols and -triols from Alkoxy- and Chlorosilanes. Chemistry 2021; 27:16461-16476. [PMID: 34545975 PMCID: PMC9297978 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Organosilanols typically show a high condensation tendency and only exist as stable isolable molecules under very specific steric and electronic conditions at the silicon atom. In the present work, various novel representatives of this class of compounds were synthesized by hydrolysis of alkoxy‐ or chlorosilanes. Phenyl, 1‐naphthyl, and 9‐phenanthrenyl substituents at the silicon atom were applied to systematically study the influence of the aromatic substituents on the structure and reactivity of the compounds. Chemical shifts in 29Si NMR spectroscopy in solution, correlated well with the expected electronic situation induced by the substitution pattern on the Si atom. 1H NMR studies allowed the detection of strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Single‐crystal X‐ray structures of the alkoxides and the chlorosilanes are dominated by π‐π interactions of the aromatic systems, which are substituted by strong hydrogen bonding interactions representing various structural motifs in the respective silanol structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Falk Kannengießer
- Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry, Saarland University Campus, Building C4 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Max Briesenick
- Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry, Saarland University Campus, Building C4 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dennis Meier
- Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry, Saarland University Campus, Building C4 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry, Saarland University Campus, Building C4 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry, Saarland University Campus, Building C4 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Guido Kickelbick
- Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry, Saarland University Campus, Building C4 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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6
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Dong X, Yuan X, Song Z, Wang Q. The development of an Amber-compatible organosilane force field for drug-like small molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12582-12591. [PMID: 34037028 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01169c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As members of the group IVA elements, silicon and carbon have long been thought of as isosteres of each other in drug design. However, the lack of silicon parameters in current main stream force fields hinders the computational study of this important element in drug discovery. Thus, in this study, we attempted to supplement the parameters of organosilanes in the General Amber Force Field (GAFF2). The parameters have been designed following the principles of GAFF2 to make it compatible with the Amber force field family. The accuracy of the parameters was discussed by comparing the pair interaction energy, the liquid properties, and the structures and alchemical binding free energy differences for a set of protein-ligand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Xinghang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Qiantao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
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7
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Kumari S, Carmona AV, Tiwari AK, Trippier PC. Amide Bond Bioisosteres: Strategies, Synthesis, and Successes. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12290-12358. [PMID: 32686940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The amide functional group plays a key role in the composition of biomolecules, including many clinically approved drugs. Bioisosterism is widely employed in the rational modification of lead compounds, being used to increase potency, enhance selectivity, improve pharmacokinetic properties, eliminate toxicity, and acquire novel chemical space to secure intellectual property. The introduction of a bioisostere leads to structural changes in molecular size, shape, electronic distribution, polarity, pKa, dipole or polarizability, which can be either favorable or detrimental to biological activity. This approach has opened up new avenues in drug design and development resulting in more efficient drug candidates introduced onto the market as well as in the clinical pipeline. Herein, we review the strategic decisions in selecting an amide bioisostere (the why), synthetic routes to each (the how), and success stories of each bioisostere (the implementation) to provide a comprehensive overview of this important toolbox for medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Angelica V Carmona
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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8
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Petkowski JJ, Bains W, Seager S. On the Potential of Silicon as a Building Block for Life. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E84. [PMID: 32532048 PMCID: PMC7345352 DOI: 10.3390/life10060084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite more than one hundred years of work on organosilicon chemistry, the basis for the plausibility of silicon-based life has never been systematically addressed nor objectively reviewed. We provide a comprehensive assessment of the possibility of silicon-based biochemistry, based on a review of what is known and what has been modeled, even including speculative work. We assess whether or not silicon chemistry meets the requirements for chemical diversity and reactivity as compared to carbon. To expand the possibility of plausible silicon biochemistry, we explore silicon's chemical complexity in diverse solvents found in planetary environments, including water, cryosolvents, and sulfuric acid. In no environment is a life based primarily around silicon chemistry a plausible option. We find that in a water-rich environment silicon's chemical capacity is highly limited due to ubiquitous silica formation; silicon can likely only be used as a rare and specialized heteroatom. Cryosolvents (e.g., liquid N2) provide extremely low solubility of all molecules, including organosilicons. Sulfuric acid, surprisingly, appears to be able to support a much larger diversity of organosilicon chemistry than water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Jurand Petkowski
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (W.B.); (S.S.)
| | - William Bains
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (W.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (W.B.); (S.S.)
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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9
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Dick A, Cocklin S. Bioisosteric Replacement as a Tool in Anti-HIV Drug Design. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13030036. [PMID: 32121077 PMCID: PMC7151723 DOI: 10.3390/ph13030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioisosteric replacement is a powerful tool for modulating the drug-like properties, toxicity, and chemical space of experimental therapeutics. In this review, we focus on selected cases where bioisosteric replacement and scaffold hopping have been used in the development of new anti-HIV-1 therapeutics. Moreover, we cover field-based, computational methodologies for bioisosteric replacement, using studies from our group as an example. It is our hope that this review will serve to highlight the utility and potential of bioisosteric replacement in the continuing search for new and improved anti-HIV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Cocklin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +215-762-7234 or +215-762-4979
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10
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Minkovich B, Ruderfer I, Kaushansky A, Bravo‐Zhivotovskii D, Apeloig Y. α‐Sila‐Dipeptides: Synthesis and Characterization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13261-13265. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Minkovich
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Ilya Ruderfer
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Alexander Kaushansky
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | | | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
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11
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Minkovich B, Ruderfer I, Kaushansky A, Bravo‐Zhivotovskii D, Apeloig Y. α‐Sila‐Dipeptides: Synthesis and Characterization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Minkovich
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Ilya Ruderfer
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Alexander Kaushansky
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | | | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
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12
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Duong HQ, Sieburth SM. Asymmetric Synthesis of Silanediol Inhibitors for the Serine Protease Coagulation Cascade Enzyme FXIa. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5398-5409. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoan Q. Duong
- Department of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education 136 Xuan Thuy Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Scott McN. Sieburth
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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13
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Kirpichenko SV, Albanov AI, Shainyan BA. Mechanism of Protodephenylation of 1,3-Silaheterocyclohexanes. Effect of Heteroatom. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Ramesh R, Reddy DS. Quest for Novel Chemical Entities through Incorporation of Silicon in Drug Scaffolds. J Med Chem 2017; 61:3779-3798. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Remya Ramesh
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110 025, India
| | - D. Srinivasa Reddy
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110 025, India
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15
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Lazareva NF, Nikonov АY. α-Carbofunctional silanols: synthesis, structure, properties. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Application of silyl functionalities is one of the most promising strategies among various ‘elements chemistry’ approaches for the development of novel and distinctive drug candidates. Replacement of one or more carbon atoms of various biologically active compounds with silicon (so-called sila-substitution) has been intensively studied for decades, and is often effective for alteration of activity profile and improvement of metabolic profile. In addition to simple C/Si exchange, several novel approaches for utilizing silicon in medicinal chemistry have been suggested in recent years, focusing on the intrinsic differences between silicon and carbon. Sila-substitution offers great potential for enlarging the chemical space of medicinal chemistry, and provides many options for structural development of drug candidates.
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Nakagawa Y, Chanthamath S, Fujisawa I, Shibatomi K, Iwasa S. Ru(ii)-Pheox-catalyzed Si–H insertion reaction: construction of enantioenriched carbon and silicon centers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3753-3756. [PMID: 28304026 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01070b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We established a highly enantioselective Si–H insertion reaction to construct chiral centers at the carbon and silicon atoms, using a Ru(ii)–Pheox catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nakagawa
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi
- Japan
| | - Soda Chanthamath
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi
- Japan
| | - Ikuhide Fujisawa
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi
- Japan
| | - Kazutaka Shibatomi
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi
- Japan
| | - Seiji Iwasa
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi
- Japan
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18
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Madsen JLH, Hjørringgaard CU, Vad BS, Otzen D, Skrydstrup T. Incorporation of β-Silicon-β3-Amino Acids in the Antimicrobial Peptide Alamethicin Provides a 20-Fold Increase in Membrane Permeabilization. Chemistry 2016; 22:8358-67. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie L. H. Madsen
- Department of Chemistry and; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center; Center for Insoluble Protein Structures; Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Claudia U. Hjørringgaard
- Department of Chemistry and; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center; Center for Insoluble Protein Structures; Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Brian S. Vad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center; Center for Insoluble Protein Structures; Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Daniel Otzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center; Center for Insoluble Protein Structures; Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Department of Chemistry and; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center; Center for Insoluble Protein Structures; Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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19
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Altered activity profile of a tertiary silanol analog of multi-targeting nuclear receptor modulator T0901317. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1817-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Krekić K, Hurkes NF, Bruhn C, Belaj F, Pietschnig R. Silanol Mediated π-Assembly of Extended N-Heterocycles. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Wani WA, Jameel E, Baig U, Mumtazuddin S, Hun LT. Ferroquine and its derivatives: new generation of antimalarial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:534-51. [PMID: 26188909 PMCID: PMC7115395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Malaria has been teasing human populations from a long time. Presently, several classes of antimalarial drugs are available in market, but the issues of toxicity, lower efficacy and the resistance by malarial parasites have decreased their overall therapeutic indices. Thus, the search for new promising antimalarials continues, however, the battle against malaria is far from over. Ferroquine is a derivative of chloroquine with antimalarial properties. It is the most successful of the chloroquine derivatives. Not only ferroquine, but also its derivatives have shown promising potential as antimalarials of clinical interest. Presently, much research is dedicated to the development of ferroquine derivatives as safe alternatives to antimalarial chemotherapy. The present article describes the structural, chemical and biological features of ferroquine. Several classes of ferroquine derivatives including hydroxyferroquines, trioxaferroquines, chloroquine-bridged ferrocenophanes, thiosemicarbazone derivatives, ferrocene dual conjugates, 4-N-substituted derivatives, and others have been discussed. Besides, the mechanism of action of ferroquine has been discussed. A careful observation has been made into pharmacologically significant ferroquine derivatives with better or equal therapeutic effects to that of chloroquine and ferroquine. A brief discussion of the toxicities of ferroquine derivatives has been made. Finally, efforts have been made to discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of ferroquine-based antimalarial drug development. Structural, chemical and biological features of ferroquine have been discussed. Several classes of ferroquine derivatives have been reviewed. Mechanism of action of ferroquine has been described. Challenges in ferroquine-based antimalarial drug development have been highlighted. Perspectives in ferroquine-based antimalarial drug development have been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem A Wani
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Ehtesham Jameel
- University Department of Chemistry, B. R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, 842001, Bihar, India
| | - Umair Baig
- Center of Excellence for Scientific Research Collaboration with MIT, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Mumtazuddin
- University Department of Chemistry, B. R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, 842001, Bihar, India
| | - Lee Ting Hun
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
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23
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Wieting JM, Fisher TJ, Schafer AG, Visco MD, Gallucci JC, Mattson AE. Preparation and Catalytic Activity of BINOL-Derived Silanediols. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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24
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Niljianskul N, Zhu S, Buchwald SL. Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Aminosilanes by Copper-Catalyzed Hydroamination of Vinylsilanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Niljianskul N, Zhu S, Buchwald SL. Enantioselective synthesis of α-aminosilanes by copper-catalyzed hydroamination of vinylsilanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1638-41. [PMID: 25475991 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of α-aminosilanes by a highly enantio- and regioselective copper-catalyzed hydroamination of vinylsilanes is reported. The system employs Cu-DTBM-SEGPHOS as the catalyst, diethoxymethylsilane as the stoichiometric reductant, and O-benzoylhydroxylamines as the electrophilic nitrogen source. This hydroamination reaction is compatible with differentially substituted vinylsilanes, thus providing access to amino acid mimics and other valuable chiral organosilicon compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nootaree Niljianskul
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
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26
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Ortega PGR, Montejo M, González JJL. Study of the chelating properties of Ge(OH)2 functionality as metal binding group for Zn2+ cation in simplified protease-like environments: a DFT analysis. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2430. [PMID: 25142338 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of protease's inhibitors is an active field of research in the pharmaceutical industry. As concerns the design of new inhibitors, the theoretical study of the binding patterns and energies of known metal binding groups (MBGs) toward Zn(2+) using quantum-chemical calculations may offer a better understanding of their interaction models and may be useful for the improvement and design of novel ZBGs. Here the properties of gem-Ge(OH)(2)-based compounds as ZBG were assessed theoretically using DFT calculations. [Zn(Imdz)(2) R - OH(2)](2+) complexes (Imdz =imidazole rings; R = imidazole ring, acetic acid molecule or acetate anion) were used to partially reproduce the coordination sphere in metalloproteases (ACE, amgiotensin converting enzyme, and TLN, thermolysine) being inhibited by related compounds (i.e., silanediols). The MBG- Zn(2+) interaction was analyzed through the energy of the reaction: [Zn(Imdz)(2) R - OH(2)](2+) + L → [Zn(Imdz)(2) R - L](2+) + H(2)O using DFT (M06L/cc-pVDZ) in gas-phase and in solution (IEF-PCM). Although the functional used (M06L) has proven its efficiency to study systems containing transition metal governed by non-covalent interactions, dispersion effects were implemented by the correction of the computed energies using the DFT-D3 program. Accounting for dispersion effects produced a systematic increase of c.a. 13 kJ mol(-1) on the energies, whereas the effect of solvent goes in the opposite direction (i.e., BE under the IEF-PCM model are on average 125 kJ mol(-1) lower). The Ge(OH)(2) - Zn(2+) interaction seems to be similar (or even stronger) than the Si(OH)(2) -Zn(2+). Their better performance as ZBG is explained by the combined NBO-AIM analysis. The results of this work may encourage the preparation, isolation, and experimental assay of the chelating properties of these compounds, which may propose a new family of protease's inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Gema Rodríguez Ortega
- Physical and Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Jaén, Campus "Las Lagunillas", Ed. B3, Jaén, 23071, Spain
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27
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Li Y, de Kock C, Smith PJ, Chibale K, Smith GS. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Carbosilane Congener of Ferroquine and Its Corresponding Half-Sandwich Ruthenium and Rhodium Complexes for Antiplasmodial and β-Hematin Inhibition Activity. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500622p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Carmen de Kock
- Division
of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, K45, OMB, Groote
Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Peter J. Smith
- Division
of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, K45, OMB, Groote
Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute
of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South
African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research
Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Gregory S. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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28
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29
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Sieburth SM. Bioactive Amino Acids, Peptides and Peptidomimetics Containing Silicon. ADVANCES IN SILICON SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9439-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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30
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Wang Q, Ding R, Wen X, Yin F. Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure of Some Silicon Containing Diorganotin(IV) Complexes of Salicylaldehyde Thiosemicarbazones. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2012.717144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qibao Wang
- a Department of Pharmacy , Jining Medical College, Rizhao , Shandong , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifang Ding
- a Department of Pharmacy , Jining Medical College, Rizhao , Shandong , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Wen
- a Department of Pharmacy , Jining Medical College, Rizhao , Shandong , People's Republic of China
| | - Fujun Yin
- b School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
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31
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Rodríguez Ortega MPG, Montejo M, López González JJ. Interaction models of the Si(OH)2 functionality with Zn2+ cation in simplified biological environments: a DFT study. Struct Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-013-0258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Min GK, Hernández D, Skrydstrup T. Efficient routes to carbon-silicon bond formation for the synthesis of silicon-containing peptides and azasilaheterocycles. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:457-70. [PMID: 23214467 DOI: 10.1021/ar300200h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Silasubstitution, where silicon is substituted for carbon at specific sites of the substrate, has become a growing practice in medicinal chemistry. Introducing silicon into bioactive compounds provides slight physical and electronic alterations to the parent compound, which in certain instances could make the substrate a more viable candidate for a drug target. One application is in the field of protease inhibition. Various silane diol isosteres can act as potent inhibitors of aspartic and metalloproteases because of their ability to mimic the high-energy tetrahedral intermediate in peptide bond hydrolysis. In particular, since 1998, the Sieburth group has prepared a number of functionalized peptide silane diol isosteres. In a seminal study, they demonstrated that these molecules can bind to the active site of the enzymes. Inspired by these results, we initiated a study to develop a concise and straightforward route to access highly functionalized silicon diol based peptidomimetic analogs, which we describe in this Account. The synthesis of such analogs is challenging because the dipeptide mimics require the formation of two carbon-silicon bonds as well as two chiral carbon centers. Our first strategy was to assemble the two C-Si bonds from diphenylsilane through an initial regioselective hydrosilylation step of a terminal alkene, followed by lithiation of the formed alkyldiphenylsilane by a simple lithium metal reduction. Subsequent diastereoselective addition of this silyllithium species to a tert-butylsulfinimine provided a rapid method to assemble the dipeptide mimic with stereochemical control at the new chiral carbon center adjacent to the silicon. This strategy worked with a wide range of functional groups. However, there were some limitations with the more elaborate targets. In particular, we needed to exchange the phenyl groups of the diphenylsilane with aryl groups that were more labile under acidic conditions in order to introduce Si-O bonds in the end product. We demonstrated that a variety of Ar(2)SiH(2) compounds with methyl substituents on the aromatic core could effectively undergo hydrosilylation and reductive lithiation with a soluble reducing agent, lithium naphthalenide. The electron-rich aromatic groups were more acid labile and, depending on the conditions, could produce either the silane diol or the silanol. In an alternative strategy, we used a highly regioselective Rh-catalyzed sequential double hydrosilylation to form the two C-Si bonds with a single catalyst. This approach is a more efficient, atom economical way to synthesize a wider range of highly functionalized organosilanes with the added possibility of extending this method into an asymmetric protocol. By this method, various functional groups that were not previously tolerated in the lithiation protocol, including OBn, OAc, furyl, and thiophenes, could now be incorporated. Hydrosilylation of a terminal olefin and a peptide functionalized with an enamide at the C-terminus achieved the desired silane in high yields in a one pot reaction without compromising the stereochemical integrity of the peptide. As an extension of this work, we used these methods to efficiently generate a variety of chiral azasilaheterocycles, including silapiperidines and silaindolizidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geanna K. Min
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Dácil Hernández
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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33
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Quantum chemical study of silanediols as metal binding groups for metalloprotease inhibitors. J Mol Model 2013; 19:1819-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Li Y, de Kock C, Smith PJ, Guzgay H, Hendricks DT, Naran K, Mizrahi V, Warner DF, Chibale K, Smith GS. Synthesis, Characterization, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Silicon-Containing Aminoquinoline Organometallic Complexes As Antiplasmodial, Antitumor, and Antimycobacterial Agents. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300945c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Carmen de Kock
- Division of Pharmacology, Department
of Medicine, University of Cape Town, K45,
OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Peter J. Smith
- Division of Pharmacology, Department
of Medicine, University of Cape Town, K45,
OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Hajira Guzgay
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department
of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Denver T. Hendricks
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department
of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Krupa Naran
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research
Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease
and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research
Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease
and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Digby F. Warner
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research
Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease
and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease
and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Gregory S. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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35
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Madsen JLH, Andersen TL, Santamaria S, Nagase H, Enghild JJ, Skrydstrup T. Synthesis and Evaluation of Silanediols as Highly Selective Uncompetitive Inhibitors of Human Neutrophil Elastase. J Med Chem 2012; 55:7900-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301000k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie L. H. Madsen
- Center for Insoluble Protein
Structures, Department of Chemistry, and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas L. Andersen
- Center for Insoluble Protein
Structures, Department of Chemistry, and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Salvatore Santamaria
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 65 Aspenlea Road, London W6
8LH, U.K
- The Kennedy Institute
of Rheumatology,
Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal
Sciences, University of Oxford, 65 Aspenlea
Road, London W6 8LH, U.K
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 65 Aspenlea Road, London W6
8LH, U.K
- The Kennedy Institute
of Rheumatology,
Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal
Sciences, University of Oxford, 65 Aspenlea
Road, London W6 8LH, U.K
| | - Jan J. Enghild
- Center for Insoluble Protein
Structures, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, and Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University,
Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Center for Insoluble Protein
Structures, Department of Chemistry, and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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36
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Jeon M, Han J, Park J. Catalytic Synthesis of Silanols from Hydrosilanes and Applications. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300296x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Jeon
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghoon Han
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaiwook Park
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
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37
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Min GK, Skrydstrup T. Regioselective Rh(I)-Catalyzed Sequential Hydrosilylation toward the Assembly of Silicon-Based Peptidomimetic Analogues. J Org Chem 2012; 77:5894-906. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300904z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geanna K. Min
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures,
Department
of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures,
Department
of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
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38
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Kim JK, Sieburth SM. Synthesis and Properties of a Sterically Unencumbered δ-Silanediol Amino Acid. J Org Chem 2012; 77:2901-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300175t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- Mail Stop E529, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
87545, United States
| | - Scott McN. Sieburth
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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39
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Turcotte S, Bouayad-Gervais SH, Lubell WD. N-Aminosulfamide Peptide Mimic Synthesis by Alkylation of Aza-sulfurylglycinyl Peptides. Org Lett 2012; 14:1318-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3001987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Turcotte
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Samir H. Bouayad-Gervais
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - William D. Lubell
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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40
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Bo Y, Singh S, Duong HQ, Cao C, Sieburth SM. Efficient, enantioselective assembly of silanediol protease inhibitors. Org Lett 2011; 13:1787-9. [PMID: 21381688 PMCID: PMC3064730 DOI: 10.1021/ol2002978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A five-step assembly of silicon-protected dipeptide mimics from commercially available reagents is described. This methodology makes silanediol protease inhibitors readily available for the first time. The sequence features asymmetric hydrosilylation, a novel reduction of a silyl ether to a silyllithium reagent, and addition of this dianion to a sulfinimine, to produce the complete inhibitor skeleton with full control of stereochemistry. Oxidation of the primary alcohol to an acid completes the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Bo
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Swapnil Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Hoan Quoc Duong
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Cui Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Scott McN. Sieburth
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
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41
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Meanwell NA. Synopsis of Some Recent Tactical Application of Bioisosteres in Drug Design. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2529-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1013693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1876] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
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42
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Hernández D, Mose R, Skrydstrup T. Reductive Lithiation of Methyl Substituted Diarylmethylsilanes: Application to Silanediol Peptide Precursors. Org Lett 2011; 13:732-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102968g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dácil Hernández
- Center for Protein Structures, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Mose
- Center for Protein Structures, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Center for Protein Structures, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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43
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Ignatyev I, Montejo M, Ortega PGR, González JJL. Effect of substituents and hydrogen bonding on barrier heights in dehydration reactions of carbon and silicon geminal diols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18507-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21580a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Blunder M, Hurkes N, Spirk S, List M, Pietschnig R. Silanetriols as in vitro inhibitors for AChE. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:363-5. [PMID: 21111617 PMCID: PMC3013380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Three stable silanetriols with increasing steric protection of the silicon atom have been tested for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). For all tested silanetriols we found reversible inhibition of the AChE activity at a 100 μM concentration. The highest inhibition rate was found for the sterically least hindered cyclohexylsilanetriol with 45% inhibition relative to galanthamine hydrobromide for which an IC(50) value of 121 ± 3 μM was determined as well. The cytotoxicity of the silanetriols used was found to be negligible at concentrations relevant for inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institut für Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
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45
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Hernández D, Lindsay KB, Nielsen L, Mittag T, Bjerglund K, Friis S, Mose R, Skrydstrup T. Further studies toward the stereocontrolled synthesis of silicon-containing peptide mimics. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3283-93. [PMID: 20423092 DOI: 10.1021/jo100301n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Further studies are reported on the utilization of the versatile reaction between chiral sulfinimines and alkyldiphenylsilyl lithium reagents with the goal of preparing a wide range of silanediol-based protease inhibitors. In particular, focus has been placed to demonstrate how a number of genetically encoded amino acid side chains such as serine, threonine, tyrosine, lysine, proline, arginine, aspartate and asparagine might be incorporated into the overall approach. Efforts to apply this synthetic methodology for accessing biologically relevant silanediol dipeptide mimics are also described. This includes the synthesis of a potential inhibitor of the human neutrophil elastase, as well as a diphenylsilane mimic of a hexapeptide fragment of the human islet amyloid polypeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dácil Hernández
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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46
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Aboagye EO. The future of imaging: developing the tools for monitoring response to therapy in oncology: the 2009 Sir James MacKenzie Davidson Memorial lecture. Br J Radiol 2010; 83:814-22. [PMID: 20716650 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/77317821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the days of Sir James MacKenzie Davidson, radiology discoveries have been shaping the way patients are managed. The lecture on which this review is based focused not on anatomical imaging, which already has a great impact on patient management, but on the molecular imaging of cancer targets and pathways. In this post-genomic era, we have several tools at our disposal to enable the discovery of new probes for stratifying patients for therapy and for monitoring response to therapy sooner than is possible using conventional cross-sectional imaging methods. I describe a chemical library approach to discovering new imaging agents, as well as novel methods for improving the metabolic stability of existing probes. Finally, I describe the evaluation of these probes for clinical use in both pre-clinical and clinical validation. The chemical library approach is exemplified by the discovery of isatin sulfonamide probes for imaging apoptosis in tumours. This approach allowed important desirable features of radiopharmaceuticals to be incorporated into the design strategy. A lead compound, [(18)F]ICMT11, is selectively taken up in vitro in cancer cells and in vivo in tumours undergoing apoptosis. Improvement of the metabolic stability of a probe is exemplified by work on [(18)F]fluoro-[1,2-(2)H(2)]choline ("[(18)F]-D4-choline"), a novel probe for imaging choline metabolism. Deuterium substitution significantly reduced the systemic metabolism of this compound relative to that of non-deuteriated analogues, supporting its future clinical use. In order for probes to be useful for monitoring response a number of validation and/or qualification studies need to be performed, including assessments of whether the probe measures the target or pathway of interest in a specific and reproducible manner, whether the probe is stable to metabolism in vivo, what is the best time to assess response with these probes and finally whether changes in radiotracer uptake are associated with clinical outcome. [(18)F]Fluorothymidine, a probe for proliferation imaging has been validated and qualified for use in breast cancer. In summary, the ability to create new molecules that can report on specific targets and pathways provides a strategy for studying response to treatment in cancer earlier than it is currently possible. This could fundamentally change the way medicine is practised in the next 5-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre at Imperial College, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Nielsen L, Skrydstrup T. Sequential C−Si Bond Formations from Diphenylsilane: Application to Silanediol Peptide Isostere Precursors. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:13145-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ja804720p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lone Nielsen
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures, Department of Chemistry, and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures, Department of Chemistry, and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Nielsen L, Lindsay KB, Faber J, Nielsen NC, Skrydstrup T. Stereocontrolled synthesis of methyl silanediol peptide mimics. J Org Chem 2007; 72:10035-44. [PMID: 18001103 DOI: 10.1021/jo701907d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of chiral sulfinimines with (methyldiphenylsilyl)lithium gives alpha-(methyldiphenylsilyl)sulfinamides with excellent diastereoselectivity, and in good yield. The presence of alpha-protons on the imines is also well tolerated. The sulfinamide auxiliary is easily removed via treatment with methanolic HCl and the resulting amine extended into peptide chains accordingly. The diphenylsilyl moiety is a resilient protecting group for the corresponding silanediol, which can be unmasked via treatment with TfOH, followed by aqueous hydrolysis. The crude silanediol may be isolated and purified as its corresponding bis-TMS siloxane via protection with TMSCl, and converted back to the desired silanediol via hydrolysis with aqueous KOH. Efforts to apply this approach to biologically relevant silanediol peptide mimics, with a view to protease inhibition, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lone Nielsen
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Lu D, Vince R. Discovery of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating sulfoximine functionality. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5614-9. [PMID: 17822899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Based on the unique property of sulfoximine and the homodimeric C(2) structural symmetry of HIV-1 protease, a novel class of sulfoximine-based pseudosymmetric HIV-1 protease inhibitors was designed and synthesized. The sulfoximine moiety was demonstrated to be important for HIV-1 protease inhibitor potency. The most active stereoisomer (2S,2'S) displays a potency of 2.5 nM (IC(50)) against HIV-1 protease and an anti-HIV-1 activity of 408 nM (IC(50)). A possible mode of action is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 308 Harvard Street SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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