1
|
Tirkkonen H, Brown KV, Niemczura M, Faudemer Z, Brown C, Ponomareva LV, Helmy YA, Thorson JS, Nybo SE, Metsä-Ketelä M, Shaaban KA. Engineering BioBricks for Deoxysugar Biosynthesis and Generation of New Tetracenomycins. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:21237-21253. [PMID: 37332790 PMCID: PMC10269268 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Tetracenomycins and elloramycins are polyketide natural products produced by several actinomycetes that exhibit antibacterial and anticancer activities. They inhibit ribosomal translation by binding in the polypeptide exit channel of the large ribosomal subunit. The tetracenomycins and elloramycins are typified by a shared oxidatively modified linear decaketide core, yet they are distinguished by the extent of O-methylation and the presence of a 2',3',4'-tri-O-methyl-α-l-rhamnose appended at the 8-position of elloramycin. The transfer of the TDP-l-rhamnose donor to the 8-demethyl-tetracenomycin C aglycone acceptor is catalyzed by the promiscuous glycosyltransferase ElmGT. ElmGT exhibits remarkable flexibility toward transfer of many TDP-deoxysugar substrates to 8-demethyltetracenomycin C, including TDP-2,6-dideoxysugars, TDP-2,3,6-trideoxysugars, and methyl-branched deoxysugars in both d- and l-configurations. Previously, we developed an improved host, Streptomyces coelicolor M1146::cos16F4iE, which is a stable integrant harboring the required genes for 8-demethyltetracenomycin C biosynthesis and expression of ElmGT. In this work, we developed BioBricks gene cassettes for the metabolic engineering of deoxysugar biosynthesis in Streptomyces spp. As a proof of concept, we used the BioBricks expression platform to engineer biosynthesis for d-configured TDP-deoxysugars, including known compounds 8-O-d-glucosyl-tetracenomycin C, 8-O-d-olivosyl-tetracenomycin C, 8-O-d-mycarosyl-tetracenomycin C, and 8-O-d-digitoxosyl-tetracenomycin C. In addition, we generated four new tetracenomycins including one modified with a ketosugar, 8-O-4'-keto-d-digitoxosyl-tetracenomycin C, and three modified with 6-deoxysugars, including 8-O-d-fucosyl-tetracenomycin C, 8-O-d-allosyl-tetracenomycin C, and 8-O-d-quinovosyl-tetracenomycin C. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of BioBricks cloning, with the ability to recycle intermediate constructs, for the rapid assembly of diverse carbohydrate pathways and glycodiversification of a variety of natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heli Tirkkonen
- Department
of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Katelyn V. Brown
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Michigan 49307, United States
| | - Magdalena Niemczura
- Department
of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Zélie Faudemer
- Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering Department, SIGMA
Clermont, 63170 Aubière, France
| | - Courtney Brown
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Michigan 49307, United States
| | - Larissa V. Ponomareva
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation,
College
of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Yosra A. Helmy
- Department
of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Jon S. Thorson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation,
College
of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - S. Eric Nybo
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Michigan 49307, United States
| | - Mikko Metsä-Ketelä
- Department
of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Khaled A. Shaaban
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation,
College
of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nguyen JT, Riebschleger KK, Brown KV, Gorgijevska NM, Nybo SE. A BioBricks toolbox for metabolic engineering of the tetracenomycin pathway. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100371. [PMID: 34719127 PMCID: PMC8920762 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/GOAL/AIM The tetracenomycins are aromatic anticancer polyketides that inhibit peptide translation via binding to the large ribosomal subunit. Here, we expressed the elloramycin biosynthetic gene cluster in the heterologous host Streptomyces coelicolor M1146 to facilitate the downstream production of tetracenomycin analogs. MAIN METHODS AND MAJOR RESULTS We developed a BioBricks genetic toolbox of genetic parts for substrate precursor engineering in S. coelicolor M1146::cos16F4iE. We cloned a series of integrating vectors based on the VWB, TG1, and SV1 integrase systems to interrogate gene expression in the chromosome. We genetically engineered three separate genetic constructs to modulate tetracenomycin biosynthesis: (1) the vhb hemoglobin from obligate aerobe Vitreoscilla stercoraria to improve oxygen utilization; (2) the accA2BE acetyl-CoA carboxylase to enhance condensation of malonyl-CoA; (3) lastly, the sco6196 acyltransferase, which is a "metabolic regulatory switch" responsible for mobilizing triacylglycerols to β-oxidation machinery for acetyl-CoA. In addition, we engineered the tcmO 8-O-methyltransferase and newly identified tcmD 12-O-methyltransferase from Amycolatopsis sp. A23 to generate tetracenomycins C and X. We also co-expressed the tcmO methyltransferase with oxygenase urdE to generate the analog 6-hydroxy-tetracenomycin C. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Altogether, this system is compatible with the BioBricks [RFC 10] cloning standard for the co-expression of multiple gene sets for metabolic engineering of Streptomyces coelicolor M1146::cos16F4iE. This production platform improves access to potent analogs, such as tetracenomycin X, and sets the stage for the production of new tetracenomycins via combinatorial biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI 49307, USA
| | - Kennedy K. Riebschleger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI 49307, USA
| | - Katelyn V. Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI 49307, USA
| | - Nina M. Gorgijevska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI 49307, USA
| | - S. Eric Nybo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI 49307, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to Prof. Dr. S. Eric Nybo, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, 220 Ferris Drive Room PHR 211, Big Rapids, MI 49307, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu Y, Zhou D, Luo R, Yang X, Wang B, Xiong X, Shen W, Wang D, Wang Q. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for polyamides monomer δ-valerolactam production from feedstock lysine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9965-9977. [PMID: 33064187 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10939-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nylon 5 and nylon 6,5 are recently explored as new commercial polyamides, of which the monomer includes δ-valerolactam. In this study, a novel catalytic activity of lysine 2-monooxygenase (DavB) was explored to produce δ-valerolactam from L-pipecolic acid (L-PA), functioning as oxidative decarboxylase on a cyclic compound. Recombinant Escherichia coli BS01 strain expressing DavB from Pseudomonas putida could synthesize δ-valerolactam from L-pipecolic acid with a concentration of 90.3 mg/L. Through the co-expression of recombinant apoptosis-inducing protein (rAIP) from Scomber japonicus, glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) from Bacillus subtilis, Δ1-piperideine-2-carboxylae reductase (DpkA) from P. putida and lysine permease (LysP) from E. coli with DavB, δ-valerolactam was produced with the highest concentration of 242 mg/L. α-Dioxygenases (αDox) from Oryza sativa could act as a similar catalyst on L-pipecolic acid. A novel δ-valerolactam synthesis pathway was constructed entirely via microbial conversion from feedstock lysine in this study. Our system has great potential in the development of a bio-nylon production process. KEY POINTS: • DavB performs as an oxidative decarboxylase on L-PA with substrate promiscuity. • Strain with rAIP, GDH, DpkA, LysP, and DavB coexpression could produce δ-valerolactam. • This is the first time to obtain valerolactam entirely via biosynthesis from lysine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoshi Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhi Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Baosheng Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochao Xiong
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6120, USA
| | - Weifeng Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qinhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brown KV, Wandi BN, Metsä-Ketelä M, Nybo SE. Pathway Engineering of Anthracyclines: Blazing Trails in Natural Product Glycodiversification. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12012-12023. [PMID: 32938175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The anthracyclines are structurally diverse anticancer natural products that bind to DNA and poison the topoisomerase II-DNA complex in cancer cells. Rational modifications in the deoxysugar functionality are especially advantageous for synthesizing drugs with improved potency. Combinatorial biosynthesis of glycosyltransferases and deoxysugar synthesis enzymes is indispensable for the generation of glycodiversified anthracyclines. This Synopsis considers recent advances in glycosyltransferase structural biology and site-directed mutagenesis, pathway engineering, and deoxysugar combinatorial biosynthesis with a focus on the generation of "new-to-nature" anthracycline analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn V Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Michigan 49307, United States
| | - Benjamin Nji Wandi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Metsä-Ketelä
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - S Eric Nybo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Michigan 49307, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zenkov RG, Ektova LV, Vlasova OА, Belitskiy GА, Yakubovskaya MG, Kirsanov KI. Indolo[2,3-a]carbazoles: diversity, biological properties, application in antitumor therapy. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
6
|
Hughes RR, Shaaban KA, Ponomareva LV, Horn J, Zhang C, Zhan CG, Voss SR, Leggas M, Thorson JS. OleD Loki as a Catalyst for Hydroxamate Glycosylation. Chembiochem 2019; 21:952-957. [PMID: 31621997 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the ability of the permissive glycosyltransferase (GT) OleD Loki to convert a diverse set of >15 histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACis) into their corresponding hydroxamate glycosyl esters. Representative glycosyl esters were subsequently evaluated in assays for cancer cell line cytotoxicity, chemical and enzymatic stability, and axolotl embryo tail regeneration. Computational substrate docking models were predictive of enzyme-catalyzed turnover and suggest certain HDACis may form unproductive, potentially inhibitory, complexes with GTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Hughes
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Khaled A Shaaban
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Larissa V Ponomareva
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jamie Horn
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - S Randal Voss
- Department of Neuroscience, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Ambystoma Genetic Stock Center, University of Kentucky, UK Medical Center MN 150, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Markos Leggas
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wen L, Huang K, Zheng Y, Fang J, Kondengaden SM, Wang PG. Two-step enzymatic synthesis of 6-deoxy-L-psicose. Tetrahedron Lett 2016; 57:3819-3822. [PMID: 27546917 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Rare sugars offer a plethora of applications in the pharmaceutical, medicinal, and industries, as well as in synthetic chemistry. However, studies of rare sugars have been hampered by their relative scarcity. In this work, we describe a two-step strategy to efficiently and conveniently prepare 6-deoxy-L-psicose from L-rhamnose. In the first reaction step, the isomerization of L-rhamnose (6-deoxy-L-mannose) to L-rhamnulose (6-deoxy-L-fructose) catalyzed by L-rhamnose isomerase (RhaI), and the epimerization of L-rhamnulose to 6-deoxy-L-psicose catalyzed by D-tagatose 3-epimerase (DTE) were coupled with selective phosphorylation reaction by fructose kinase from human (HK), which selectively phosphorylate 6-deoxy-L-psicose at C-1 position. 6-deoxy-L-psicose 1-phosphate was purified by a silver nitrate precipitation method. In the second step, the phosphate group of the 6-deoxy-L-sorbose 1-phosphate was hydrolyzed with acid phosphatase (AphA) to produce 6-deoxy-L-psicose in 81% yield with respect to L-rhamnose. This method allows that the 6-deoxy-L-psicose to be obtained from readily available starting materials with high purity and without having to undergo isomer separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303. USA
| | - Kenneth Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303. USA
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303. USA
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100. People's Republic of China
| | | | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303. USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Expanded acceptor substrates flexibility study of flavonol 7- O -rhamnosyltransferase, AtUGT89C1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Carbohydr Res 2015; 418:13-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
9
|
Li J, Yang J, Men Y, Zeng Y, Zhu Y, Dong C, Sun Y, Ma Y. Biosynthesis of 2-deoxysugars using whole-cell catalyst expressing 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate aldolase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7963-72. [PMID: 26104867 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-Deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate aldolase (DERA) accepts a wide variety of aldehydes and is used in de novo synthesis of 2-deoxysugars, which have important applications in drug manufacturing. However, DERA has low preference for non-phosphorylated substrates. In this study, DERA from Klebsiella pneumoniae (KDERA) was mutated to increase its enzyme activity and substrate tolerance towards non-phosphorylated polyhydroxy aldehyde. Mutant KDERA(K12) (S238D/F200I/ΔY259) showed a 3.15-fold improvement in enzyme activity and a 1.54-fold increase in substrate tolerance towards D-glyceraldehyde compared with the wild type. Furthermore, a whole-cell transformation strategy using resting cells of the BL21(pKDERA12) strain, containing the expressed plasmid pKDERA12, resulted in increase in 2-deoxy-D-ribose yield from 0.41 mol/mol D-glyceraldehyde to 0.81 mol/mol D-glyceraldehyde and higher substrate tolerance from 0.5 to 3 M compared to in vitro assays. With further optimization of the transformation process, the BL21(pKDERA12) strain produced 2.14 M (287.06 g/L) 2-deoxy-D-robose (DR), with a yield of 0.71 mol/mol D-glyceraldehyde and average productivity of 0.13 mol/L·h (17.94 g/L·h). These results demonstrate the potential for large-scale production of 2-deoxy-D-ribose using the BL21(pKDERA12) strain. Furthermore, the BL21(pKDERA12) strain also exhibited the ability to efficiently produce 2-deoxy-D-altrose from D-erythrose, as well as 2-deoxy-L-xylose and 2-deoxy-L-ribose from L-glyceraldehyde.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shompoosang S, Yoshihara A, Uechi K, Asada Y, Morimoto K. Novel process for producing 6-deoxy monosaccharides from l-fucose by coupling and sequential enzymatic method. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 121:1-6. [PMID: 26031195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We biosynthesized 6-deoxy-L-talose, 6-deoxy-L-sorbose, 6-deoxy-L-gulose, and 6-deoxy-L-idose, which rarely exist in nature, from L-fucose by coupling and sequential enzymatic reactions. The first product, 6-deoxy-L-talose, was directly produced from L-fucose by the coupling reactions of immobilized D-arabinose isomerase and immobilized L-rhamnose isomerase. In one-pot reactions, the equilibrium ratio of L-fucose, L-fuculose, and 6-deoxy-L-talose was 80:9:11. In contrast, 6-deoxy-L-sorbose, 6-deoxy-L-gulose, and 6-deoxy-L-idose were produced from L-fucose by sequential enzymatic reactions. D-Arabinose isomerase converted L-fucose into L-fuculose with a ratio of 88:12. Purified L-fuculose was further epimerized into 6-deoxy-L-sorbose by D-allulose 3-epimerase with a ratio of 40:60. Finally, purified 6-deoxy-L-sorbose was isomerized into both 6-deoxy-L-gulose with an equilibrium ratio of 40:60 by L-ribose isomerase, and 6-deoxy-L-idose with an equilibrium ratio of 73:27 by D-glucose isomerase. Based on the amount of L-fucose used, the production yields of 6-deoxy-L-talose, 6-deoxy-L-sorbose, 6-deoxy-L-gulose, and 6-deoxy-L-idose were 7.1%, 14%, 2%, and 2.4%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirinan Shompoosang
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Akihide Yoshihara
- Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Keiko Uechi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Asada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kenji Morimoto
- Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang G, Li Y, Fang L, Pfeifer BA. Tailoring pathway modularity in the biosynthesis of erythromycin analogs heterologously engineered in E. coli. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500077. [PMID: 26601183 PMCID: PMC4640655 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Type I modular polyketide synthases are responsible for potent therapeutic compounds that include avermectin (antihelinthic), rapamycin (immunosuppressant), pikromycin (antibiotic), and erythromycin (antibiotic). However, compound access and biosynthetic manipulation are often complicated by properties of native production organisms, prompting an approach (termed heterologous biosynthesis) illustrated in this study through the reconstitution of the erythromycin pathway through Escherichia coli. Using this heterologous system, 16 tailoring pathways were introduced, systematically producing eight chiral pairs of deoxysugar substrates. Successful analog formation for each new pathway emphasizes the remarkable flexibility of downstream enzymes to accommodate molecular variation. Furthermore, analogs resulting from three of the pathways demonstrated bioactivity against an erythromycin-resistant Bacillus subtilis strain. The approach and results support a platform for continued molecular diversification of the tailoring components of this and other complex natural product pathways in a manner that mirrors the modular nature of the upstream megasynthases responsible for aglycone polyketide formation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Liang DM, Liu JH, Wu H, Wang BB, Zhu HJ, Qiao JJ. Glycosyltransferases: mechanisms and applications in natural product development. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8350-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00600g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation reactions mainly catalyzed by glycosyltransferases (Gts) occur almost everywhere in the biosphere, and always play crucial roles in vital processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Jia-Heng Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Bin-Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Hong-Ji Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Jian-Jun Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shompoosang S, Yoshihara A, Uechi K, Asada Y, Morimoto K. Enzymatic production of three 6-deoxy-aldohexoses from L-rhamnose. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:317-25. [PMID: 25036688 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.878217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
6-Deoxy-L-glucose, 6-deoxy-L-altrose, and 6-deoxy-L-allose were produced from L-rhamnose with an immobilized enzyme that was partially purified (IE) and an immobilized Escherichia coli recombinant treated with toluene (TT). 6-Deoxy-L-psicose was produced from L-rhamnose by a combination of L-rhamnose isomerase (TT-PsLRhI) and D-tagatose 3-epimerase (TT-PcDTE). The purified 6-deoxy-L-psicose was isomerized to 6-deoxy-L-altrose and 6-deoxy-L-allose with L-arabinose isomerase (TT-EaLAI) and L-ribose isomerase (TT-AcLRI), respectively, and then was epimerized to L-rhamnulose with immobilized D-tagatose 3-epimerase (IE-PcDTE). Following purification, L-rhamnulose was converted to 6-deoxy-L-glucose with D-arabinose isomerase (TT-BpDAI). The equilibrium ratios of 6-deoxy-L-psicose:6-deoxy-L-altrose, 6-deoxy-L-psicose:6-deoxy-L-allose, and L-rhamnulose:6-deoxy-L-glucose were 60:40, 40:60, and 27:73, respectively. The production yields of 6-deoxy-L-glucose, 6-deoxy-L-altrose, and 6-deoxy-L-allose from L-rhamnose were 5.4, 14.6, and 25.1%, respectively. These results indicate that the aldose isomerases used in this study acted on 6-deoxy aldohexoses.
Collapse
|
14
|
Li L, Wang P, Tang Y. C-glycosylation of anhydrotetracycline scaffold with SsfS6 from the SF2575 biosynthetic pathway. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2013; 67:65-70. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2013.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
15
|
Núñez LE, Nybo SE, González-Sabín J, Pérez M, Menéndez N, Braña AF, Shaaban KA, He M, Morís F, Salas JA, Rohr J, Méndez C. A novel mithramycin analogue with high antitumor activity and less toxicity generated by combinatorial biosynthesis. J Med Chem 2012; 55:5813-25. [PMID: 22578073 DOI: 10.1021/jm300234t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mithramycin is an antitumor compound produced by Streptomyces argillaceus that has been used for the treatment of several types of tumors and hypercalcaemia processes. However, its use in humans has been limited because of its side effects. Using combinatorial biosynthesis approaches, we have generated seven new mithramycin derivatives, which differ from the parental compound in the sugar profile or in both the sugar profile and the 3-side chain. From these studies three novel derivatives were identified, demycarosyl-3D-β-d-digitoxosylmithramycin SK, demycarosylmithramycin SDK, and demycarosyl-3D-β-d-digitoxosylmithramycin SDK, which show high antitumor activity. The first one, which combines two structural features previously found to improve pharmacological behavior, was generated following two different strategies, and it showed less toxicity than mithramycin. Preliminary in vivo evaluation of its antitumor activity through hollow fiber assays, and in subcutaneous colon and melanoma cancers xenografts models, suggests that demycarosyl-3D-β-d-digitoxosylmithramycin SK could be a promising antitumor agent worthy of further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luz E Núñez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ketoolivosyl-tetracenomycin C: a new ketosugar bearing tetracenomycin reveals new insight into the substrate flexibility of glycosyltransferase ElmGT. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2247-50. [PMID: 22361136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new tetracenomycin analog, 8-demethyl-8-(4'-keto)-α-L-olivosyl-tetracenomycin C, was generated through combinatorial biosynthesis. Streptomyces lividans TK 24 (cos16F4) was used as a host for expression of a 'sugar plasmid' (pKOL) directing the biosynthesis of NDP-4-keto-L-olivose. This strain harbors all of the genes necessary for production of 8-demethyl-tetracenomycin C and the sugar flexible glycosyltransferase ElmGT. To the best of our knowledge, this report represents the first characterization of a tetracenomycin derivative decorated with a ketosugar moiety. Also, as far as we know, 4-keto-L-olivose has only been described as an intermediate of oleandomycin biosynthesis, but has not been described before as an appendage for a polyketide compound. Furthermore, this report gives further insight into the substrate flexibility of ElmGT to include an NDP-ketosugar, which is unusual and is rarely observed among glycosyltransferases from antibiotic biosynthetic pathways.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kharel MK, Pahari P, Shepherd MD, Tibrewal N, Nybo SE, Shaaban KA, Rohr J. Angucyclines: Biosynthesis, mode-of-action, new natural products, and synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 29:264-325. [PMID: 22186970 DOI: 10.1039/c1np00068c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1997 to 2010. The angucycline group is the largest group of type II PKS-engineered natural products, rich in biological activities and chemical scaffolds. This stimulated synthetic creativity and biosynthetic inquisitiveness. The synthetic studies used five different strategies, involving Diels-Alder reactions, nucleophilic additions, electrophilic additions, transition-metal mediated cross-couplings and intramolecular cyclizations to generate the angucycline frames. Biosynthetic studies were particularly intriguing when unusual framework rearrangements by post-PKS tailoring oxidoreductases occurred, or when unusual glycosylation reactions were involved in decorating the benz[a]anthracene-derived cores. This review follows our previous reviews, which were published in 1992 and 1997, and covers new angucycline group antibiotics published between 1997 and 2010. However, in contrast to the previous reviews, the main focus of this article is on new synthetic approaches and biosynthetic investigations, most of which were published between 1997 and 2010, but go beyond, e.g. for some biosyntheses all the way back to the 1980s, to provide the necessary context of information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madan K Kharel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang G, Kharel MK, Pahari P, Rohr J. Investigating Mithramycin deoxysugar biosynthesis: enzymatic total synthesis of TDP-D-olivose. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2568-71. [PMID: 21960454 PMCID: PMC3412565 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mix'n'match: Enzymatic total synthesis of TDP-D-olivose was achieved, starting from TDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose, by combining three pathway enzymes with one cofactor-regenerating enzyme. The results also revealed that MtmC is a bifunctional enzyme that can perform a 4-ketoreduction necessary for D-olivose biosynthesis besides the previously found C-methyltransfer for D-mycarose biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Wang
- Dr. G. Wang, Prof. Dr. M. K. Kharel, Dr. P. Pahari, Prof. Dr. J. Rohr Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0596 (USA)
| | - Madan K. Kharel
- Dr. G. Wang, Prof. Dr. M. K. Kharel, Dr. P. Pahari, Prof. Dr. J. Rohr Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0596 (USA)
- Prof. Dr. M. K. Kharel Present address: Midway College School of Pharmacy 120 Scott Perry Drive, Paintsville, KY 41240 (USA)
| | - Pallab Pahari
- Dr. G. Wang, Prof. Dr. M. K. Kharel, Dr. P. Pahari, Prof. Dr. J. Rohr Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0596 (USA)
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Dr. G. Wang, Prof. Dr. M. K. Kharel, Dr. P. Pahari, Prof. Dr. J. Rohr Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0596 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Engineered biosynthesis of glycosylated derivatives of narbomycin and evaluation of their antibacterial activities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:1147-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
20
|
Development of a Streptomyces venezuelae-based combinatorial biosynthetic system for the production of glycosylated derivatives of doxorubicin and its biosynthetic intermediates. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:4912-23. [PMID: 21602397 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02527-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin, one of the most widely used anticancer drugs, is composed of a tetracyclic polyketide aglycone and l-daunosamine as a deoxysugar moiety, which acts as an important determinant of its biological activity. This is exemplified by the fewer side effects of semisynthetic epirubicin (4'-epi-doxorubicin). An efficient combinatorial biosynthetic system that can convert the exogenous aglycone ε-rhodomycinone into diverse glycosylated derivatives of doxorubicin or its biosynthetic intermediates, rhodomycin D and daunorubicin, was developed through the use of Streptomyces venezuelae mutants carrying plasmids that direct the biosynthesis of different nucleotide deoxysugars and their transfer onto aglycone, as well as the postglycosylation modifications. This system improved epirubicin production from ε-rhodomycinone by selecting a substrate flexible glycosyltransferase, AknS, which was able to transfer the unnatural sugar donors and a TDP-4-ketohexose reductase, AvrE, which efficiently supported the biosynthesis of TDP-4-epi-l-daunosamine. Furthermore, a range of doxorubicin analogs containing diverse deoxysugar moieties, seven of which are novel rhodomycin D derivatives, were generated. This provides new insights into the functions of deoxysugar biosynthetic enzymes and demonstrates the potential of the S. venezuelae-based combinatorial biosynthetic system as a simple biological tool for modifying structurally complex sugar moieties attached to anthracyclines as an alternative to chemical syntheses for improving anticancer agents.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kharel MK, Lian H, Rohr J. Characterization of the TDP-D-ravidosamine biosynthetic pathway: one-pot enzymatic synthesis of TDP-D-ravidosamine from thymidine-5-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1799-808. [PMID: 21264378 PMCID: PMC4482361 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00854k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ravidomycin V and related compounds, e.g., FE35A-B, exhibit potent anticancer activities against various cancer cell lines in the presence of visible light. The amino sugar moieties (D-ravidosamine and its analogues, respectively) in these molecules contribute to the higher potencies of ravidomycin and analogues when compared to closely related compounds with neutral or branched sugars. Within the ravidomycin V biosynthetic gene cluster, five putative genes encoding NDP-D-ravidosamine biosynthetic enzymes were identified. Through the activities of the isolated enzymes in vitro, it is demonstrated that ravD, ravE, ravIM, ravAMT and ravNMT encode TDP-D-glucose synthase, TDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose-4,6-dehydratase, TDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose-3,4-ketoisomerase, TDP-3-keto-6-deoxy-D-galactose-3-aminotransferase, and TDP-3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-D-galactose-N,N-dimethyl-transferase, respectively. A protocol for a one-pot enzymatic synthesis of TDP-D-ravidosamine has been developed. The results presented here now set the stage to produce TDP-D-ravidosamine routinely for glycosylation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madan K. Kharel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Hui Lian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gantt RW, Peltier-Pain P, Thorson JS. Enzymatic methods for glyco(diversification/randomization) of drugs and small molecules. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:1811-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c1np00045d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
23
|
Olano C, Méndez C, Salas JA. Molecular insights on the biosynthesis of antitumour compounds by actinomycetes. Microb Biotechnol 2010; 4:144-64. [PMID: 21342461 PMCID: PMC3818856 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2010.00231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are traditionally the main source of drug leads. In particular, many antitumour compounds are either natural products or derived from them. However, the search for novel antitumour drugs active against untreatable tumours, with fewer side-effects or with enhanced therapeutic efficiency, is a priority goal in cancer chemotherapy. Microorganisms, particularly actinomycetes, are prolific producers of bioactive compounds, including antitumour drugs, produced as secondary metabolites. Structural genes involved in the biosynthesis of such compounds are normally clustered together with resistance and regulatory genes, which facilitates the isolation of the gene cluster. The characterization of these clusters has represented, during the last 25 years, a great source of genes for the generation of novel derivatives by using combinatorial biosynthesis approaches: gene inactivation, gene expression, heterologous expression of the clusters or mutasynthesis. In addition, these techniques have been also applied to improve the production yields of natural and novel antitumour compounds. In this review we focus on some representative antitumour compounds produced by actinomycetes covering the genetic approaches used to isolate and validate their biosynthesis gene clusters, which finally led to generating novel derivatives and to improving the production yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Olano
- Departamento de Biología Funcional and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Engineered biosynthesis of gilvocarcin analogues with altered deoxyhexopyranose moieties. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 77:435-41. [PMID: 21075894 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01774-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A combinatorial biosynthetic approach was used to interrogate the donor substrate flexibility of GilGT, the glycosyltransferase involved in C-glycosylation during gilvocarcin biosynthesis. Complementation of gilvocarcin mutant Streptomyces lividans TK24 (cosG9B3-U(-)), in which the biosynthesis of the natural sugar donor substrate was compromised, with various deoxysugar plasmids led to the generation of six gilvocarcin analogues with altered saccharide moieties. Characterization of the isolated gilvocarcin derivatives revealed five new compounds, including 4-β-C-D-olivosyl-gilvocarcin V (D-olivosyl GV), 4-β-C-D-olivosyl-gilvocarcin M (D-olivosyl GM), 4-β-C-D-olivosyl-gilvocarcin E (D-olivosyl GE), 4-α-C-L-rhamnosyl-gilvocarcin M (polycarcin M), 4-α-C-L-rhamnosyl-gilvocarcin E (polycarcin E), and the recently characterized 4-α-C-L-rhamnosyl-gilvocarcin V (polycarcin V). Preliminary anticancer assays showed that D-olivosyl-gilvocarcin and polycarcin V exhibit antitumor activities comparable to that of their parent drug congener, gilvocarcin V, against human lung cancer (H460), murine lung cancer (LL/2), and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Our findings demonstrate GilGT to be a moderately flexible C-glycosyltransferase able to transfer both D- and L-hexopyranose moieties to the unique angucyclinone-derived benzo[D]naphtho[1,2b]pyran-6-one backbone of the gilvocarcins.
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Chemoenzymatic and Bioenzymatic Synthesis of Carbohydrate Containing Natural Products. NATURAL PRODUCTS VIA ENZYMATIC REACTIONS 2010; 297:105-48. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
27
|
Olano C, Méndez C, Salas JA. Post-PKS tailoring steps in natural product-producing actinomycetes from the perspective of combinatorial biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:571-616. [DOI: 10.1039/b911956f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
28
|
Combinatorial and Synthetic Biosynthesis in Actinomycetes. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE / PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS, VOL. 93 2010; 93:211-37. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0140-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
29
|
Olano C, Gómez C, Pérez M, Palomino M, Pineda-Lucena A, Carbajo RJ, Braña AF, Méndez C, Salas JA. Deciphering Biosynthesis of the RNA Polymerase Inhibitor Streptolydigin and Generation of Glycosylated Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:1031-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
Many bioactive compounds contain as part of their molecules one or more deoxysugar units. Their presence in the final compound is generally necessary for biological activity. These sugars derive from common monosaccharides, like d-glucose, which have lost one or more hydroxyl groups (monodeoxysugars, dideoxysugars, trideoxysugars) during their biosynthesis. These deoxysugars are transferred to the final molecule by the action of a glycosyltransferase. Here, we first summarize the different biosynthetic steps required for the generation of the different families of deoxysugars, including those containing extra methyl or amino groups, or tailoring modifications of the glycosylated compounds. We then give examples of several strategies for modification of the glycosylation pattern of a given bioactive compound: inactivation of genes involved in the biosynthesis of deoxysugars; heterologous expression of genes for the biosynthesis or transfer of a specific deoxysugar; and combinatorial biosynthesis (including the use of gene cassette plasmids). Finally, we report techniques for the isolation and detection of the new glycosylated derivatives generated using these strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Lombó
- Departamento de Biología Funcional and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Härle J, Bechthold A. Chapter 12. The power of glycosyltransferases to generate bioactive natural compounds. Methods Enzymol 2009; 458:309-33. [PMID: 19374988 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(09)04812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs), which catalyze the attachment of a sugar moiety to an aglycone are key enzymes for the biosynthesis of many valuable natural products. Their use in pharmaceutical biotechnology is becoming more and more visible. The promiscuity of GTs has prompted efforts to modify sugar structures and alter the glycosylation patterns of natural products. Here, we present the state of the art in this field. After describing the importance of GTs in determining the functions of natural products, a general survey of glycosyltransferase-catalyzed reactions is documented. This is followed by an overview of crystallized GT-B superfamily members and a discussion of the amino acids of these GTs involved in substrate binding. The main chapter is concerned with emphasizing the application of GTs in metabolic pathway engineering leading to novel unnatural bioactive compounds. A strategy to explore new GTs is presented as well as strategies to generate artificial GTs either randomly or in a rational design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Härle
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sánchez C, Salas AP, Braña AF, Palomino M, Pineda-Lucena A, Carbajo RJ, Méndez C, Moris F, Salas JA. Generation of potent and selective kinase inhibitors by combinatorial biosynthesis of glycosylated indolocarbazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4118-20. [PMID: 19568652 DOI: 10.1039/b905068j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the generation of novel glycosylated indolocarbazoles by combinatorial biosynthesis, and the identification of two novel potent and selective compounds inhibitors of JAK2 and Ikkb kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César Sánchez
- Department Biología Funcional & Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Anzai Y, Iizaka Y, Li W, Idemoto N, Tsukada SI, Koike K, Kinoshita K, Kato F. Production of rosamicin derivatives in Micromonospora rosaria by introduction of D-mycinose biosynthetic gene with PhiC31-derived integration vector pSET152. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 36:1013-21. [PMID: 19408026 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Some of the polyketide-derived bioactive compounds contain sugars attached to the aglycone core, and these sugars often impart specific biological activity to the molecule or enhance this activity. Mycinamicin II, a 16-member macrolide antibiotic produced by Micromonospora griseorubida A11725, contains a branched lactone and two different deoxyhexose sugars, D-desosamine and D-mycinose, at the C-5 and C-21 positions, respectively. The D-mycinose biosynthesis genes, mycCI, mycCII, mycD, mycE, mycF, mydH, and mydI, present in the M. griseorubida A11725 chromosome were introduced into pSET152 under the regulation of the promoter of the apramycin-resistance gene aac(3)IV. The resulting plasmid pSETmycinose was introduced into Micromonospora rosaria IFO13697 cells, which produce the 16-membered macrolide antibiotic rosamicin containing a branched lactone and D-desosamine at the C-5 position. Although the M. rosaria TPMA0001 transconjugant exhibited low rosamicin productivity, two new compounds, IZI and IZII, were detected in the ethylacetate extract from the culture broth. IZI was identified as a mycinosyl rosamicin derivative, 23-O-mycinosyl-20-deoxo-20-dihydro-12,13-deepoxyrosamicin (MW 741), which has previously been synthesized by a bioconversion technique. This is the first report on production of mycinosyl rosamicin-derivatives by a engineered biosynthesis approach. The integration site PhiC31attB was identified on M. rosaria IFO13697 chromosome, and the site lay within an ORF coding a pirin homolog protein. The pSETmycinose could be useful for stimulating the production of "unnatural" natural mycinosyl compounds by various actinomycete strains using the bacteriophage PhiC31 att/int system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yojiro Anzai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Salas JA, Méndez C. Indolocarbazole antitumour compounds by combinatorial biosynthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2009; 13:152-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
35
|
Gaisser S, Carletti I, Schell U, Graupner PR, Sparks TC, Martin CJ, Wilkinson B. Glycosylation engineering of spinosyn analogues containing an L-olivose moiety. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:1705-8. [PMID: 19343260 DOI: 10.1039/b900233b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthetic genes encoding proteins involved in the first steps of deoxyhexose biosynthesis from D-glucose-1-phosphate were expressed in Saccharopolyspora erythraea. The resulting mutant was able to accumulate and utilise TDP-L-olivose. Co-expression of the spinosyn glycosyl transferase SpnP in the resulting mutant endowed upon it the ability to biotransform exogenously added spinosyn aglycones to yield novel spinosyn analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Gaisser
- Biotica Technology Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Cambridge, UK CB10 1XL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Williams GJ, Gantt RW, Thorson JS. The impact of enzyme engineering upon natural product glycodiversification. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2009; 12:556-64. [PMID: 18678278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycodiversification of natural products is an effective strategy for small molecule drug development. Recently, improved methods for chemo-enzymatic synthesis of glycosyl donors has spurred the characterization of natural product glycosyltransferases (GTs), revealing that the substrate specificity of many naturally occurring GTs as too stringent for use in glycodiversification. Protein engineering of natural product GTs has emerged as an attractive approach to overcome this limitation. This review highlights recent progress in the engineering/evolution of enzymes relevant to natural product glycodiversification with a particular focus upon GTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J Williams
- Laboratory for Biosynthetic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, National Cooperative Drug Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Olano C, Méndez C, Salas JA. Antitumor compounds from actinomycetes: from gene clusters to new derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:628-60. [PMID: 19387499 DOI: 10.1039/b822528a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to October 2008. Antitumor compounds produced by actinomycetes and novel derivatives generated by combinatorial biosynthesis are reviewed (with 318 references cited.) The different structural groups for which the relevant gene clusters have been isolated and characterized are reviewed, with a description of the strategies used for the generation of the novel derivatives and the activities of these compounds against tumor cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Olano
- Departamento de Biología Funcional and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A.), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhao P, Ueda JY, Kozone I, Chijiwa S, Takagi M, Kudo F, Nishiyama M, Shin-ya K, Kuzuyama T. New glycosylated derivatives of versipelostatin, the GRP78/Bip molecular chaperone down-regulator, from Streptomyces versipellis 4083-SVS6. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:1454-60. [PMID: 19300832 DOI: 10.1039/b817312e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four novel glycosylated derivatives of versipelostatin (1), versipelostatins B-E (2-5), were isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces versipellis 4083-SVS6. The inhibitory activities of the isolated compounds against the expression of molecular chaperone GRP78 induced by 2-deoxyglucose were evaluated. Of the five versipelostatin family members, 1 and 4 were the more potent with IC(50) values of 3.5 and 4.3 microM. These results suggest that the alpha-L-oleandropyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-digitoxopyranosyl residue in the sugar moiety may play an important role in down-regulating GRP78 expression induced by 2-deoxyglucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- Laboratory of Cell Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8657, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Modulation of deoxysugar transfer by the elloramycin glycosyltransferase ElmGT through site-directed mutagenesis. J Bacteriol 2009; 191:2871-5. [PMID: 19233921 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01747-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosyltransferase ElmGT from Streptomyces olivaceus is involved in the biosynthesis of the antitumor drug elloramycin, and it has been shown to possess a broad deoxysugar recognition pattern, being able to transfer different l- and d-deoxysugars to 8-demethyl-tetracenomycin C, the elloramycin aglycone. Site-directed mutagenesis in residues L309 and N312, located in the alpha/beta/alpha motif within the nucleoside diphosphate-sugar binding region, can be used to modulate the substrate flexibility of ElmGT, making it more precise for transfer of specific deoxysugars.
Collapse
|
40
|
Pérez M, Baig I, Braña AF, Salas JA, Rohr J, Méndez C. Generation of new derivatives of the antitumor antibiotic mithramycin by altering the glycosylation pattern through combinatorial biosynthesis. Chembiochem 2009; 9:2295-304. [PMID: 18756551 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mithramycin is an antitumor drug produced by Streptomyces argillaceus. It consists of a tricyclic aglycone and five deoxyhexoses that form a disaccharide and a trisaccharide chain, which are important for target interaction and therefore for the antitumor activity. Using a combinatorial biosynthesis approach, we have generated nine mithramycin derivatives, seven of which are new compounds, with alterations in the glycosylation pattern. The wild-type S. argillaceus strain and the mutant S. argillaceus M7U1, which has altered D-oliose biosynthesis, were used as hosts to express various "sugar plasmids", each one directing the biosynthesis of a different deoxyhexose. The newly formed compounds were purified and characterized by MS and NMR. Compared to mithramycin, they contained different sugar substitutions in the second (D-olivose, D-mycarose, or D-boivinose instead of D-oliose) and third (D-digitoxose instead of D-mycarose) sugar units of the trisaccharide as well as in the first (D-amicetose instead of D-olivose) sugar unit of the disaccharide. All compounds showed antitumor activity against different tumor cell lines. Structure-activity relationships are discussed on the basis of the number and type of deoxyhexoses present in these mithramycin derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Thibodeaux C, Melançon C, Liu HW. Biosynthese von Naturstoffzuckern und enzymatische Glycodiversifizierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
43
|
Olano C, Abdelfattah MS, Gullón S, Braña AF, Rohr J, Méndez C, Salas JA. Glycosylated Derivatives of Steffimycin: Insights into the Role of the Sugar Moieties for the Biological Activity. Chembiochem 2008; 9:624-33. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
44
|
Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update covering the period 2001-2002. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2008; 27:125-201. [PMID: 18247413 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This review is the second update of the original review on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates that was published in 1999. It covers fundamental aspects of the technique as applied to carbohydrates, fragmentation of carbohydrates, studies of specific carbohydrate types such as those from plant cell walls and those attached to proteins and lipids, studies of glycosyl-transferases and glycosidases, and studies where MALDI has been used to monitor products of chemical synthesis. Use of the technique shows a steady annual increase at the expense of older techniques such as FAB. There is an increasing emphasis on its use for examination of biological systems rather than on studies of fundamental aspects and method development and this is reflected by much of the work on applications appearing in tabular form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Baig I, Perez M, Braña AF, Gomathinayagam R, Damodaran C, Salas JA, Méndez C, Rohr J. Mithramycin analogues generated by combinatorial biosynthesis show improved bioactivity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:199-207. [PMID: 18197601 PMCID: PMC2442402 DOI: 10.1021/np0705763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plasmid pLNBIV was used to overexpress the biosynthetic pathway of nucleoside-diphosphate (NDP)-activated l-digitoxose in the mithramycin producer Streptomyces argillaceus. This led to a "flooding" of the biosynthetic pathway of the antitumor drug mithramycin (MTM) with NDP-activated deoxysugars, which do not normally occur in the pathway, and consequently to the production of the four new mithramycin derivatives 1- 4 with altered saccharide patterns. Their structures reflect that NDP sugars produced by pLNBIV, namely, l-digitoxose and its biosynthetic intermediates, influenced the glycosyl transfer to positions B, D, and E, while positions A and C remained unaffected. All four new structures have unique, previously not found sugar decoration patterns, which arise from either overcoming the substrate specificity or inhibition of certain glycosyltransferases (GTs) of the MTM pathway with the foreign NDP sugars expressed by pLNBIV. An apoptosis TUNEL (=terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) assay revealed that compounds 1 (demycarosyl-3D-beta- d-digitoxosyl-MTM) and 3 (deoliosyl-3C-beta- d-mycarosyl-MTM) show improved activity (64.8 +/- 2% and 50.3 +/- 2.5% induction of apoptosis, respectively) against the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 compared with the parent drug MTM (37.8 +/- 2.5% induction of apoptosis). In addition, compounds 1 and 4 (3A-deolivosyl-MTM) show significant effects on the ER-negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-231 (63.6 +/- 2% and 12.6 +/- 2.5% induction of apoptosis, respectively), which is not inhibited by the parent drug MTM itself (2.6 +/- 1.5% induction of apoptosis), but for which chemotherapeutic agents are urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Baig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 725 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0082, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Thibodeaux CJ, Melançon CE, Liu HW. Natural-product sugar biosynthesis and enzymatic glycodiversification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:9814-59. [PMID: 19058170 PMCID: PMC2796923 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many biologically active small-molecule natural products produced by microorganisms derive their activities from sugar substituents. Changing the structures of these sugars can have a profound impact on the biological properties of the parent compounds. This realization has inspired attempts to derivatize the sugar moieties of these natural products through exploitation of the sugar biosynthetic machinery. This approach requires an understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of each target sugar and detailed mechanistic knowledge of the key enzymes. Scientists have begun to unravel the biosynthetic logic behind the assembly of many glycosylated natural products and have found that a core set of enzyme activities is mixed and matched to synthesize the diverse sugar structures observed in nature. Remarkably, many of these sugar biosynthetic enzymes and glycosyltransferases also exhibit relaxed substrate specificity. The promiscuity of these enzymes has prompted efforts to modify the sugar structures and alter the glycosylation patterns of natural products through metabolic pathway engineering and enzymatic glycodiversification. In applied biomedical research, these studies will enable the development of new glycosylation tools and generate novel glycoforms of secondary metabolites with useful biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Thibodeaux
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX. (USA), 78712
| | - Charles E. Melançon
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX. (USA), 78712
| | - Hung-wen Liu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX. (USA), 78712
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schell U, Haydock SF, Kaja AL, Carletti I, Lill RE, Read E, Sheehan LS, Low L, Fernandez MJ, Grolle F, McArthur HAI, Sheridan RM, Leadlay PF, Wilkinson B, Gaisser S. Engineered biosynthesis of hybrid macrolide polyketides containing d-angolosamine and d-mycaminose moieties. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3315-27. [DOI: 10.1039/b807914e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
48
|
Abstract
Natural products continue to fulfill an important role in the development of therapeutic agents. In addition, with the advent of chemical genetics and high-throughput screening platforms, these molecules have become increasingly valuable as tools for interrogating fundamental aspects of biological systems. To access the vast portion of natural-product structural diversity that remains unexploited for these and other applications, genome mining and microbial metagenomic approaches are proving particularly powerful. When these are coupled with recombineering and related genetic tools, large biosynthetic gene clusters that remain intractable or cryptic in the native host can be more efficiently cloned and expressed in a suitable heterologous system. For lead optimization and the further structural diversification of natural-product libraries, combinatorial biosynthetic engineering has also become indispensable. However, our ability to rationally redesign biosynthetic pathways is often limited by our lack of understanding of the structure, dynamics and interplay between the many enzymes involved in complex biosynthetic pathways. Despite this, recent structures of fatty acid synthases should allow a more accurate prediction of the likely architecture of related polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetase multienzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barrie Wilkinson
- Biotica, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Essex CB10 1XL, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Thibodeaux CJ, Melançon CE, Liu HW. Unusual sugar biosynthesis and natural product glycodiversification. Nature 2007; 446:1008-16. [PMID: 17460661 DOI: 10.1038/nature05814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates and the attachment of sugar units to biological acceptor molecules catalyse an array of chemical transformations and coupling reactions. In prokaryotes, both common sugar precursors and their enzymatically modified derivatives often become substituents of biologically active natural products through the action of glycosyltransferases. Recently, researchers have begun to harness the power of these biological catalysts to alter the sugar structures and glycosylation patterns of natural products both in vivo and in vitro. Biochemical and structural studies of sugar biosynthetic enzymes and glycosyltransferases, coupled with advances in bioengineering methodology, have ushered in a new era of drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Thibodeaux
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, 1 University Station A4810, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Salas JA, Méndez C. Engineering the glycosylation of natural products in actinomycetes. Trends Microbiol 2007; 15:219-32. [PMID: 17412593 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive natural products are frequently glycosylated with saccharide chains of different length, in which the sugars contribute to specific interactions with the biological target. Combinatorial biosynthesis approaches are being used in antibiotic-producing actinomycetes to generate derivatives with novel sugars in their architecture. Recent advances in this area indicate that glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of natural products have substrate flexibility regarding the sugar donor but also, less frequently, with respect to the aglycon acceptor. Therefore, the possibility exists of altering the glycosylation pattern of natural products, thus enabling an increase in the structural diversity of natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José A Salas
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|