1
|
Abstract
Modern day endodontics is undergoing a massive change with the introduction of new molecular based techniques for microbial identification. This review focuses on the microbiota in untreated and root-filled canals. It will also describe briefly the recent developments in microbial identification and the mechanisms by which certain species of microbes are able to invade and establish themselves in the root canal.
Collapse
|
2
|
Leong DJX, Setzer FC, Trope M, Karabucak B. Biocompatibility of two experimental scaffolds for regenerative endodontics. Restor Dent Endod 2016; 41:98-105. [PMID: 27200277 PMCID: PMC4868884 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2016.41.2.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The biocompatibility of two experimental scaffolds for potential use in revascularization or pulp regeneration was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS One resilient lyophilized collagen scaffold (COLL), releasing metronidazole and clindamycin, was compared to an experimental injectable poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid scaffold (PLGA), releasing clindamycin. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were seeded at densities of 1.0 × 10(4), 2.5 × 10(4), and 5.0 × 10(4). The cells were investigated by light microscopy (cell morphology), MTT assay (cell proliferation) and a cytokine (IL-8) ELISA test (biocompatibility). RESULTS Under microscope, the morphology of cells coincubated for 7 days with the scaffolds appeared healthy with COLL. Cells in contact with PLGA showed signs of degeneration and apoptosis. MTT assay showed that at 5.0 × 10(4) hDPSCs, COLL demonstrated significantly higher cell proliferation rates than cells in media only (control, p < 0.01) or cells co-incubated with PLGA (p < 0.01). In ELISA test, no significant differences were observed between cells with media only and COLL at 1, 3, and 6 days. Cells incubated with PLGA expressed significantly higher IL-8 than the control at all time points (p < 0.01) and compared to COLL after 1 and 3 days (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The COLL showed superior biocompatibility and thus may be suitable for endodontic regeneration purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dephne Jack Xin Leong
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, and University Dental Cluster (Endodontics), National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Frank C Setzer
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin Trope
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bekir Karabucak
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shrivastava R, Rai VK, Kumar A, Sinha S, Tripathi P, Gupta K, Sabharwal S. An in vitro Comparison of Endodontic Medicaments Propolis and Calcium Hydroxide alone and in Combination with Ciprofloxacin and Moxifloxacin against Enterococcus Faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:394-9. [PMID: 26162260 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial properties of propolis and calcium hydroxide alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin against Enterococcus faecalis (E. Faecalis). MATERIALS AND METHODS The laboratory study was carried out to test the effectiveness of propolis and calcium hydroxidealone as well as in combination with the established endodontic medicaments (moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin). The various combinations were-group 1: propolis, group 2: calcium hydroxide, group 3: moxifloxacin, group 4: ciprofoxacin, group 5: propolis + moxifloxacin, group 6: propolis + Ciprofloxacin, group 7: calcium hydroxide + ciprofloxacin, group 8: calcium hydroxide + moxifloxacin. The efficacy of these medicaments was tested by checking for the zone of inhibition for the specific strain (ATCC 29212) of E. faecalis at different time intervals, i.e. 24, 48 and 72 hours. RESULTS Mean zone of inhibition was maximum in group V (21.94 ± 4.26) followed by group VI (18.80 ± 1.93), group I (18.71 ± 4.26), group VIII (15.88 ± 2.59), group III (14.91 ± 1.00), group VII (14.57 ± 2.17), group IV (13.91 ± 1.00) and minimum in group II (12.89 ± 2.14). Mean zone of inhibition was found to be maximum at 72 hours and minimum at 24 hours. At all time intervals, the combination of Propalis with Moxifocacin showed the maximum antimicrobial efficacy. CONCLUSION On the basis of the results of the present study, it can be concluded that propolis and calcium hydroxide show synergistic effect with moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin against E. Faecalis. Propolis in combination with antibiotics and alone is more effective than calcium hydroxide. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Since propolis alone and in combination with antibiotics was observed to be more effective than calcium hydroxide, propolis can be considered as an intracanal medicament when compared to traditional calcium hydroxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shrivastava
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Rai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aina Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonal Sinha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prerna Tripathi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khushboo Gupta
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sumit Sabharwal
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Phone:01452425650, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lima CCB, Conde Júnior AM, Rizzo MS, Moura RD, Moura MS, Lima MDM, Moura LFAD. Biocompatibility of root filling pastes used in primary teeth. Int Endod J 2014; 48:405-16. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. C. B. Lima
- Postgraduate Programme in Dentistry; Federal University of Piauí (UFPI); Teresina Brazil
| | - A. M. Conde Júnior
- Department of Morphology; Federal University of Piauí (UFPI); Teresina Brazil
| | - M. S. Rizzo
- Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery; Federal University of Piauí (UFPI); Teresina Brazil
| | - R. D. Moura
- Postgraduate Programme in Pathology; University of São Paulo (USP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. S. Moura
- Department of Pathology and Dentistry Clinic; Federal University of Piauí (UFPI); Teresina Brazil
| | - M. D. M. Lima
- Department of Pathology and Dentistry Clinic; Federal University of Piauí (UFPI); Teresina Brazil
| | - L. F. A. D. Moura
- Department of Pathology and Dentistry Clinic; Federal University of Piauí (UFPI); Teresina Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fouad AF, Nosrat A. Pulp regeneration in previously infected root canal space. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
6
|
Tirali RE, Gulsahi K, Cehreli SB, Karahan ZC, Uzunoğlu E, Elhan A. Antimicrobial efficacy of octenidine hydrochloride, MTAD and chlorhexidine gluconate mixed with calcium hydroxide. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013; 14:456-60. [PMID: 24171989 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate whether mixing with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] affects the antimicrobial action of Octenidine hydrochloride (Octenisept), MTAD and chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Freshly grown cultures of Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and a mixture of both strains were incubated in agar plates containing brain-heart infusion broth (BHIB). Zones of inhibition were measured at 24 and 48 hours. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA, both p=0.05). RESULTS Mixing with Ca(OH)2 significantly increased the antibacterial effect of Octenisept (p<0.05), but did not alter its antifungal activity. Only chlorhexidine showed more antibacterial and antifungal efficiency compared to its Ca(OH)2-mixed version (both p<0.05). Mixing with Ca(OH)2 decreased the antibacterial efficacy of MTAD, but increased its antifungal effect (both p<0.05). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the differential effects of Ca(OH)2 addition on the antimicrobial action of the tested endodontic medicaments in vitro. Ca(OH)2 was as effective as its combination with all of the tested medicaments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Resmiye Ebru Tirali
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey, e-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Mohammadi Z, Abbott PV. Antimicrobial substantivity of root canal irrigants and medicaments: a review. AUST ENDOD J 2010; 35:131-9. [PMID: 19961451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2009.00164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Disinfection of the root canal system is one of the primary aims of root canal treatment. This can be achieved through the use of various antimicrobial agents in the form of irrigants and medicaments. These agents are only used for relatively short periods of time ranging from minutes (for irrigants) up to days or several weeks (for medicaments) and therefore their long-term antimicrobial effects rely on whether or not the particular agent has any properties of substantivity. If irrigants and medicaments had effective long-term residual antimicrobial activity that could prevent re-infection of the root canal system, then the long-term outcomes of endodontic treatment might be improved. Only a small number of studies have investigated the short-term substantivity of commonly used antimicrobial agents and the results show substantivity of chlorhexidine lasts for up to 12 weeks and tetracycline for up to 4 weeks. However, it is not known whether the substantivity of these agents will last for longer periods of time as this has not been investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahed Mohammadi
- Shahid Sadoughi Dental School, Department of Endodontics, Imam Avenue, Fazaye Sabz Cross Road, Yazd, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mohammadi Z, Abbott PV. On the local applications of antibiotics and antibiotic-based agents in endodontics and dental traumatology. Int Endod J 2009; 42:555-67. [PMID: 19467048 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2009.01564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Mohammadi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li TT, Xia WW. [Development of research on the application of traditional Chinese herbal drugs in root canal disinfection]. ZHONG XI YI JIE HE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF CHINESE INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2008; 6:311-315. [PMID: 18334155 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20080318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Li
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Medical School of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Souza-Filho FJD, Soares ADJ, Vianna ME, Zaia AA, Ferraz CCR, Gomes BPFDA. Antimicrobial effect and pH of chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide alone and associated with other materials. Braz Dent J 2008; 19:28-33. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402008000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate gel, calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and their combination with iodoform and zinc oxide powder as intracanal medications against select microorganisms, and to measure the pH changes caused by these medications. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the agar diffusion method. The zones of growth inhibition were measured and the results were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). The pH of the pastes was measured right after preparation, after 24 h and 1 week later. The largest mean zones of microbial inhibition were produced by 2% CHX gel, followed by Ca(OH)2 + 2% CHX gel + iodoform, Ca(OH)2 + 2% CHX gel, Ca(OH)2 + 2% CHX gel + zinc oxide, and Ca(OH)2 + water. The mean pH of all medications stayed above 12.0 during the whole experiment, except for CHX gel (pH=7.0). The results of this study showed that all medications had antimicrobial activity, but the most effective against the tested microorganisms were 2% CHX gel, followed by its combination with Ca(OH)2 and iodoform.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cauwerts K, Decostere A, De Graef EM, Haesebrouck F, Pasmans F. High prevalence of tetracycline resistance in Enterococcus isolates from broilers carrying the erm(B) gene. Avian Pathol 2007; 36:395-9. [PMID: 17899464 DOI: 10.1080/03079450701589167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A total of 73 isolates of Enterococcus spp. carrying the erm(B) gene were obtained from cloacal swabs of broiler chickens derived from 13 different farms in Belgium. The erm(B) gene encodes resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B antibiotics (MLS(B)). The isolates belonged to eight different species: Enterococcus avium (eight isolates), Enterococcus casseliflavus (11 isolates), Enterococcus cecorum (eight isolates), Enterococcus durans (seven isolates), Enterococcus faecalis (10 isolates), Enterococcus faecium (17 isolates), Enterococcus gallinarum (seven isolates) and Enterococcus hirae (five isolates). Acquired resistance to tetracycline was detected in 68 of the isolates, and in 62 of these it was associated with the presence of the resistance genes tet(L), tet(M), tet(O) or tet(S). In three E. faecium isolates that were phenotypically susceptible to tetracycline, tet(L) or tet(M) was present. The transposon integrase gene (int gene) of the Tn916/Tn1545 transposon family was detected in 18 of the 54 isolates that contained the tet(M) gene. It was concluded that acquired resistance to tetracycline antibiotics is often present in enterococci from poultry carrying the erm(B) gene. The use of tetracyclines in poultry may therefore co-select for resistance to MLS(B) antibiotics, which may be important as alternative therapy for enterococcal infections in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Cauwerts
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Carreira CDM, dos Santos SSF, Jorge AOC, Lage-Marques JL. Antimicrobial effect of intracanal substances. J Appl Oral Sci 2007; 15:453-8. [PMID: 19089178 PMCID: PMC4327269 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572007000500015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2005] [Revised: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In some situations, endodontic infections do not respond to therapeutic protocol. In these cases, it is suggested the administration of an alternative intracanal medication that presents a wide spectrum of action and has an in-depth effect on the root canal system. The purpose of this study was to assess the antimicrobial action of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and polyethylene glycol and natrosol vehicles with different associations and concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by using the agar dilution method. The culture media (Müller-Hinton agar) were prepared containing antimicrobial agents at multiple two-fold dilutions of 0.25 to 16 microg/mL, and with the vehicles at the concentrations of 50, 45, 40, 35, 30 and 25%. Twenty-three microbial strains were selected for the study. Metronidazole was not capable of eliminating any of the tested microorganisms. The association of ciprofloxacin with metronidazole resulted in a reduction of the MIC. The vehicle polyethylene glycol inhibited the growth of 100% of the tested strains, while natrosol inhibited 18% of the strains. Ciprofloxacin formulations with polyethylene glycol presented better effects than those of formulations to which metronidazole was added. It was possible to conclude that ciprofloxacin presented antimicrobial action against all tested bacterial strains, and its association with metronidazole was synergic. The vehicle polyethylene glycol showed antimicrobial effect and the ciprofloxacin/polyethylene glycol association was the most effective combination for reducing the tested bacteria and yeasts.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chai WL, Hamimah H, Cheng SC, Sallam AA, Abdullah M. Susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm to antibiotics and calcium hydroxide. J Oral Sci 2007; 49:161-6. [PMID: 17634730 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.49.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of six groups of antibiotics and calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in a membrane filter model. Two-day-old E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) biofilm was exposed to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, erythr omycin, oxytetracycline, vancomycin, vancomycin followed by gentamicin, Ca(OH)(2), and phosphate-buffered saline (control). After 1 h of exposure, the antimicrobial activity was neutralized by washing each disc five times in PBS, and then the colony-forming units of the remaining viable bacteria on each disc were counted. The results revealed that only erythromycin, oxytetracycline and Ca(OH)2 showed 100% biofilm kill. An ANOVA with a Bonferroni post hoc test (P < 0.05) detected significant differences among the test agents, except in the ampicillin group versus the co-trimoxazole group. It is concluded that erythromycin, oxytetracycline and Ca(OH)2 are 100% effective in eliminating E. faecalis biofilm, whereas ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, vancomycin, and vancomycin followed by gentamicin are ineffective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen L Chai
- Department of General Dental Practice and Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Khademi AA, Mohammadi Z, Havaee A. Evaluation of the antibacterial substantivity of several intra-canal agents. AUST ENDOD J 2006; 32:112-5. [PMID: 17201752 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2006.00033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the antimicrobial substantivity of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), 100 mg ml(-1) doxycycline and 2.6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in bovine root dentine. Eighty dentine tubes prepared from bovine incisors were infected in vitro for 14 days with Enterococcus faecalis. The specimens were divided into five groups as follows: doxycycline HCl; CHX; NaOCl; infected dentine tubes (positive control); and sterile dentine tubes (negative control). Dentine chips were collected with round burs into tryptic soy broth. After culturing, the number of colony-forming units (CFU) was counted. In all experimental groups, the number of CFU was minimum in the first cultures, and the results obtained were significantly different from each other at any time period (P < 0.05). In the first culture, the NaOCl group and doxycycline HCl group showed the lowest and highest number of CFU, respectively. In each group, the number of CFU increased significantly by time-lapse (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the substantivity of CHX was significantly greater than NaOCl and doxycycline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ali Khademi
- Department of Endodontics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cauwerts K, Pasmans F, Devriese LA, Martel A, Haesebrouck F, Decostere A. Cloacal Lactobacillus isolates from broilers show high prevalence of resistance towards macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics. Avian Pathol 2006; 35:160-4. [PMID: 16595310 DOI: 10.1080/03079450600598137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Eighty-seven Lactobacillus strains isolated from cloacal swabs of broiler chickens derived from 20 different farms in Belgium were identified to species level and tested for susceptibility to macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics. Five different Lactobacillus species were identified as being predominantly present in the cloacae of broilers: Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus gallinarum and Lactobacillu sreuteri. Acquired resistance prevalence to macrolides and lincosamides was very high in the investigated lactobacilli: 89% of the strains were resistant to either or both lincosamide and macrolide class antibiotics. The vast majority of these resistant strains (96%) displayed constitutive resistance. More than one-half of the macrolide and/or lincosamide resistant strains carried an erm(B), erm(C), mef(A), lnu(A) gene or a combination of these genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Cauwerts
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sedgley C, Nagel A, Dahlén G, Reit C, Molander A. Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and Culture Analyses of Enterococcus faecalis in Root Canals. J Endod 2006; 32:173-7. [PMID: 16500220 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2005.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reports on the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in root canals vary considerably, potentially because of variations in clinical sampling and sample analysis methods. This study compared culture and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect and quantify E. faecalis in the same root canal sample. Consecutive root canal samples obtained from primary infection (n = 40) and retreatment (n = 48) cases were divided into two equal aliquots that were independently analyzed using culture and qPCR by investigators blinded to the analysis results of the other sample. E. faecalis was detected in 10.2% and 79.5% of samples by culture and qPCR, respectively (p < 0.0001; McNemar's test). E. faecalis was detected in more retreatment than primary infection samples (89.6% versus 67.5%; p = 0.01, Fisher's exact test). qPCR reported a significantly higher prevalence of E. faecalis in endodontic samples than culture techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sedgley
- Department of Cardiology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan Dental School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
De Leener E, Martel A, De Graef EM, Top J, Butaye P, Haesebrouck F, Willems R, Decostere A. Molecular analysis of human, porcine, and poultry Enterococcus faecium isolates and their erm(B) genes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:2766-70. [PMID: 15870371 PMCID: PMC1087536 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.5.2766-2770.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty-nine erm(B)-positive Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from pigs, broilers, and humans were typed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and the coding sequence of the erm(B) gene was determined. Identical erm(B) gene sequences were detected in genetically unrelated isolates. Furthermore, genetically indistinguishable strains were found to contain different erm(B) alleles. This may suggest that horizontal exchange of the erm(B) gene between animal and human E. faecium strains or the existence of a common reservoir of erm(B) genes might be more important than direct transmission of resistant strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E De Leener
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Portenier I, Waltimo TM, Haapasalo M. Enterococcus faecalis- the root canal survivor and 'star' in post-treatment disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2003.00040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|