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Dasukil S, Verma S, Jena AK, Mohapatra M. Frequency of concomitant injuries in maxillofacial trauma in a tertiary health care centre in India: A 5-year retrospective study. Chin J Traumatol 2024:S1008-1275(24)00035-X. [PMID: 38616471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Road traffic accidents (RTA), assaults, falls, and sports-related injuries are the leading causes of maxillofacial trauma. Due to quite different geographical environment and fast urbanization, the use of various protective equipment is restricted in India. Thus, compared to other countries, there might be a significant difference in the pattern and frequency of associated injuries among subjects with maxillofacial trauma. The present study was conducted to identify the causes and pattern of various maxillofacial fractures and the frequency of other related injuries among subjects with maxillofacial trauma. METHODS This is a cross-sectional retrospective study recording 2617 subjects with maxillofacial trauma. The patient demographics, causes of trauma, types of maxillofacial injury, and associated soft and hard tissue injuries were recorded. The types of maxillofacial and associated injuries were diagnosed from details of clinical examinations and the interpretation of various radiographs available in the file. The associated injuries were divided into head injury, other bony injuries, and soft tissue and vital structure injuries. Descriptive statistics and the test of proportion were used. A p value < 0.05 was considered as a level of significance. RESULTS The maxillofacial injuries were significantly common in patients aged 16 - 45 years (66.7%) than in patients aged ≤ 15 and > 46 years (33.3%) (p < 0.001). The RTA was the most common cause of maxillofacial injury (n = 2139, 81.7%), followed by fall (n = 206, 7.9%), other causes of injury (n = 178, 6.8%), and assaults (n = 94, 3.6%). The maxillofacial injury by 2-wheel vehicle accidents was significantly higher than that by 4-wheel vehicle and other vehicle accidents (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between alcohol and RTA (p < 0.001). The head injury (n = 931, 61.1%) was the most common associated injury, followed by soft tissue and vital structures injuries (n = 328, 21.5%) and other bone injuries (n = 264, 17.3%). DISCUSSION Head injury was the most common associated injury followed by soft tissue and vital structures and bone injuries among subjects with maxillofacial trauma. Clavicle fracture and injury to the lower extremities were the most common hard and soft tissue-associated injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saubhik Dasukil
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Sijua, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Shiwangi Verma
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Sijua, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Jena
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Sijua, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mounabati Mohapatra
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Sijua, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Sexton P, ElMinshawi A, O'Higgins C, Barry T, McCann PJ. The necessity of removal of third molars involved in mandibular fractures: A retrospective study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2024; 52:279-282. [PMID: 38320919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This retrospective analysis aimed to investigate the necessity of removing the wisdom tooth in cases of angle fractures of the mandible. The study retrieved 595 mandible fractures from January 2006 to December 2021 through the Hospital Inpatient Enquiry System, of which 303 involved a fracture through the angle of the mandible, including the wisdom tooth socket. Of these, 203 (66.9%) underwent open reduction and internal fixation with retention of the third molar. The authors found that only four (2%) patients returned for the removal of plates and the retained third molar during the follow-up period. Therefore, the authors concluded that wisdom teeth removal should remain an exception during open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular angle fractures unless they hinder fracture reduction, pose a potential infection risk, or interfere with occlusal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sexton
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland.
| | - A ElMinshawi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - C O'Higgins
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - T Barry
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - P J McCann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
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Shabbir M, Shah R, Ahmad M, Issrani R, Khan Z, Nazal Alotha S, Mousa Alsiyat B, Alqarni MS, Albalawi AS, Prabhu N, Alam MK, Qayyum Z. Frequency of Diplopia in Zygomatic Complex Fractures-A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:7631634. [PMID: 38021347 PMCID: PMC10651328 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7631634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The zygomatic complex is the second most common fracture of the facial bones after the nasal bone. The prominent convex shape of the zygoma makes it vulnerable to traumatic injury. Diplopia is one of the serious complications of zygomatic complex fracture and is a common subjective complaint. Objective To determine the frequency of diplopia in zygomatic complex fractures. Methodology. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Ward, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. The duration of the study was 1 year (March 1, 2021 to February 28, 2022). A total of 126 patients having zygomatic complex fractures were included in this study. After recording the patient's complete history, like demographic details and cause for fracture, diplopia was examined clinically. If, during the examination, the patient complained of double vision, this was labeled as diplopia positive (Yes) and negative (No) if the patient did not have any such complain. Data were statistically analyzed. Results The mean (±SD) age of patients was 33.42 (±9.27), with 91 (72.2%) male patients and 35 (27.8%) female patients. The frequency of diplopia in zygomatic complex fractures was observed in 52 (41.3%) patients. The rate of diplopia was significantly high in patients aged between 31 and 40 years (P-value=0.0005). Conclusion The frequency of diplopia among patients having zygomatic complex fractures was high in this study. Thus, forming a strategy to properly diagnose and treat it and to prevent persistent morbidity to improve patient's quality of life is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shabbir
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Shaheed Muhtarma Benazir Bhutto Institute of Trauma, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ruqaya Shah
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhtada Ahmad
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rakhi Issrani
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafar Khan
- Frontier Medical and Dental College, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Mohammed Saad Alqarni
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Namdeo Prabhu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, India
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zahid Qayyum
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Khyber Girls Medical College, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Kansara A, Doshi H, Shah P, Bathla M, Agrawal N, Gajjar R, Shukla R, Chauhan V. A Retrospective Study on Profile of Patients with Faciomaxilary Fractures in a Tertiary Care Center. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:1435-1440. [PMID: 37636605 PMCID: PMC10447644 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maxillofacial injuries in general occur quite commonly following trauma and these injuries if not properly managed can negatively influence both the psychosocial and functional activities of the patient. This is as a result of the centrality of the facial region as a key factor in human identity, aesthetics, and general well-being. Fractures involving the facial skeleton may be isolated or complex. High velocity trauma is usually seen in urban and semi-urban areas while low velocity trauma is the common setting in rural areas. The pattern of faciomaxillary fractures vary with geographical area, socioeconomic condition, enforcements of law and order of a country. Trauma to the faciomaxillary region mandates special attention as important sensory systems are contained within the face (e.g. vision, auditory, somatic sensation, gustatory, olfaction and vestibular), also, vital structures in the head and neck region are intimately associated (airway, blood vessels, nerves and gastrointestinal tracts. It should be noted that the treatment outcome of maxillofacial fractures is mainly dependent among other things on the degree of injury, type of fracture, the expertise of the surgeon, and available technology. The aim of this study is to find out the incidence of faciomaxillary injuries resulting from various etiological factor Classification of facial bone fractures; Diagnosis and different treatment modalities. This is a prospective cross sectional study comprising of 75 patients who were having different faciomaxillary fractures and visited to L.G. hospital from December 2020 to April 2022. Patients were evaluated thoroughly by history taking, proper examination and routine investigations. In general examination consciousness, orientation to time, place and person, neck movements, and general mobility of the patients were checked. In local examination- facial oedema, facial asymmetry, skin lacerations, deep cuts, decreased mouth opening, improper teeth occlusion, teeth loss, nasal bleeding, black eye, eyeball movements and redness of eyes were checked. In specialized radiological investigations x- rays, 2D & 3D Computed Tomography (CT) of Facial bones were done in all cases. CT Brain and CT Cervical spine were done in patients if needed. From our study, it seems reasonable to assume that road traffic accident remains the leading cause of faciomaxillary fractures and is closely followed by fall especially among men in their productive years. It is necessary to diagnose faciomaxillary fracture at the earliest to prevent the complications of fractures such as infection and malocclusion, for that thorough clinical examination and radiological investigations are very important. 3D CT face is the gold standard investigation in case of different faciomaxillary fractures. In isolated fractures nasal bone fractures remains the most affected bone of the facial skeleton followed by mandible. Among the different sites of mandibular fractures body of the mandible is the most common site for mandibular fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kansara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Narendra Modi Medical College, Ahmedabad - 380008, India
| | - Hiren Doshi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Narendra Modi Medical College, Ahmedabad - 380008, India
| | - Pinky Shah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Narendra Modi Medical College, Ahmedabad - 380008, India
| | - Meeta Bathla
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Narendra Modi Medical College, Ahmedabad - 380008, India
| | - Nisha Agrawal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Narendra Modi Medical College, Ahmedabad - 380008, India
| | - Ritiksha Gajjar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Narendra Modi Medical College, Ahmedabad - 380008, India
| | - Ronak Shukla
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Narendra Modi Medical College, Ahmedabad - 380008, India
| | - Vyom Chauhan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Narendra Modi Medical College, Ahmedabad - 380008, India
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HAYLAZ E, GEDUK G, ŞEKER Ç, İÇEN M. Retrospective Evaluation of Maxillofacial Fractures With Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.1117935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ÖZ
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı maksillofasiyal bölgede meydana gelen fraktürlerin yaş ve cinsiyete göre dağılımlarını, lokalizasyonlarını, sayısını, deplasman varlığını, radyolojik özelliklerini Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (KIBT) ile retrospektif olarak değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Ağız Diş ve Çene Radyolojisi Anabilim Dalı’na 2019 ve 2021 yılları arasında travma nedeniyle başvuran 84 hastadan alınan KIBT görüntüleri retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Yaş, cinsiyet, fraktür lokalizasyonu, fraktürlerde deplasman varlığı kayıt altına alındı. İstatistiksel analiz için tüm hasta grubuna tanımlayıcı ve frekans analizleri uygulanırken, hastaların yaş ve cinsiyetlerini; fraktür hattı ve fraktür bölgesi ile karşılaştırırken ki-kare testi uygulandı.
Bulgular: 60 erkek 24 kadın hasta (E/K, 2,5/1) olmak üzere toplam 84 hastanın maksillofasiyal travma nedeniyle KIBT görüntüsü incelendi. Çalışmada incelenen hasta grubunun yaşları 6 ve 72 arasında değişmekte olup yaş ortalaması 33.17±1.48 olarak belirlendi. Farklı etiyolojik nedenlerden kaynaklı çeşitli lokalizasyonlarda meydana gelen 116 fraktür hattı sayısı radyolojik olarak tespit edildi. İncelenen tüm fraktürlerin 73’ünde deplasman izlenirken kalan 43 fraktür hattında deplasman görülmedi. Meydana gelen fraktürler en sık angulus mandibulada (%22,61:n=19) tespit edildi. En az fraktür mandibula ramus (%3,57; n=3) ve koronoid proseste (%3,57; n=3) görüldü.
Sonuçlar: Fraktür hatlarının varlığının, lokalizasyonlarının ve kırık parçalarının yer değişiminin doğru radyografik teknikler aracılığıyla tespit edilmesi, gerekli tedavi prosedürlerinin uygulanması açısından önem taşımaktadır. İki boyutlu radyografilerin kullanımının yetersiz kaldığı durumlarda KIBT gibi üç boyutlu görüntüleme yöntemleri tercih edilmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi, Fraktür, Mandibula, Teşhis
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Ocular Outcomes of Maxillofacial Trauma - A Decennary Descriptive Study. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 33:e81-e84. [PMID: 34967531 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maxillofacial trauma is amongst the most frequently encountered trauma seen in the hospital emergency setting. It may be life-threatening on rare occasions, and with concomitant injuries, it is often severely debilitating. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to determine the occurrence of concomitant orbital and ocular injuries amongst patients with maxillofacial trauma, and also helps in deriving a correlation between different patterns of maxillofacial fractures. METHODS All the records of the patients with maxillofacial trauma who were admitted to our institution over a 10-year period were analyzed. The files were screened to isolate the patients with concomitant ocular and orbital injuries. RESULTS Out of a total of 686 patients, 370 had associated ocular injuries. A total of 566 (82.5%) patients were males and 120 (17.5%) females. A total of 236 patients (34.4%) were in the 3rd decade. A total of 351 cases of orbital fracture (isolated + concomitant) were reported. About 44 (12.5%) cases of isolated orbital floor fractures were seen.Subconjunctival hemorrhage accounted for the maximum number of cases amounting to 59.19%. The least associated ocular injuries seen were of traumatic mydriasis (0.28%). Out of 370 cases of ocular injuries, 249 (67.3%) were associated with fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex. CONCLUSIONS The present study draws attention to the concomitant orbital and ocular injuries in maxillofacial trauma patients. This study is strongly suggestive of a very high probability of concomitant ocular injury in maxillofacial trauma patients which necessitates strong interdepartmental coordination for holistic management of the maxillofacial trauma patients.
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Ghorbani F, Khalili M, Ahmadi H. The evaluation of alveolar fractures of trauma patients in Iran. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:499. [PMID: 34615508 PMCID: PMC8495985 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar bone plays a vital role in mastication and supporting the teeth. The alveolar process is one of the most challenging regions of facial bone to reconstruct due to the deformity involves both hard and soft tissues. However, the etiology, gender, and age distribution vary between different regions, cultures, and countries. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of alveolar trauma in Shahid Rajaee Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, for three years. METHODS In a retrospective cross-sectional study, patients with alveolar fractures referred to Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Shiraz were included in the study. Age, sex, site of alveolar fractures, and etiology factors of trauma explored. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS software. Mean [Formula: see text] SD calculated for the inferential statistics, and the data compared using Chi-square and Exact Fisher. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant with a 95% reliability. RESULTS A total of 165 patients had alveolar fractures in this study. We found that the most common cause of alveolar fracture was road accidents (32.3%) and the lowest reason was violence (9%). Most people with alveolar trauma were male and in the 21-30 years. The prevalence of mandibular and maxillary alveolar fractures was 17.61 and 17.01%, respectively, with the most anterior area of injury. CONCLUSION Alveolar trauma is one of the most common injuries among trauma patients. Early diagnosis and treatment plans are necessary to reduce the complications of facial trauma. Early training for a young adult is essential to prevent the severity of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Ghorbani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalili
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hanie Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Jaber MA, AlQahtani F, Bishawi K, Kuriadom ST. Patterns of Maxillofacial Injuries in the Middle East and North Africa: A Systematic Review. Int Dent J 2021; 71:292-299. [PMID: 34286698 PMCID: PMC9275196 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of maxillofacial fractures (MFFs), to establish the prevalence of MFFs, and to recognise the major causative factors in both males and females in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. STUDY DESIGN The protocol of this systematic reviews was established according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P); the following databases were searched: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science. We used STROBE checklist to assess the risk of bias in all identified studies, 37 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria, and hence were selected for analysis. RESULTS A total of 27,994 patients (22,965 males and 5,129 females) ranging from 0 to 97 years who experienced maxillofacial injuries during the study period were entered into this review. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the most common cause of MFF followed by falls. The mandible was the most common site of injury. In the MENA region, males outnumbered females in terms of maxillofacial injuries with a ratio of 4.5:1. CONCLUSION Maxillofacial fractures are highly prevalent in the MENA region, and they are mainly caused by RTAs, especially among young males. Therefore, the concerned authorities need to employ and implement stricter traffic rules in order to minimise the risk of maxillofacial injuries and their subsequent increased morbidity and mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Jaber
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Feras AlQahtani
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled Bishawi
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Juncar M, Tent PA, Juncar RI, Harangus A, Mircea R. An epidemiological analysis of maxillofacial fractures: a 10-year cross-sectional cohort retrospective study of 1007 patients. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:128. [PMID: 33731083 PMCID: PMC7968332 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological data is providing vital indicators for organizing the financial resources related to a particular type of trauma, estimating expenses and training of dental practioners and ambulatory medical staff for collaboration with a certain pattern of patients. Knowing the etiology and epidemiology of a certain pathology is significant for approaching its means of prevention.
Methods
A 10-year retrospective statistical analysis of 1007 patients with maxillofacial fractures treated in a University Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Romania was performed. The data were extracted from patients’ medical records. Statistical analysis was performed. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The incidence of maxillofacial fractures was high among patients in the 20–29 age group (35.9%). Male patients (90.57%, M:F = 9.6:1), having a low level of education (46.60%) and living in urban areas (53.50%) were more affected. The main cause of maxillofacial fractures was interpersonal violence (59.37%), both in the mandibular and midface topographic regions (p = 0.001, p = 0.002). In urban areas, fractures caused by interpersonal violence and road traffic accidents were predominant, while in rural areas, most of the fractures were due to interpersonal violence, domestic accidents, work accidents and animal attacks (p = 0.001). Conclusions Interpersonal violence is the main cause of maxillofacial fractures having epidemic proportions. Male patients aged 20–29 years with a low level of education represent the major risk category. Considering the wide area of interpersonal aggression, both the medical staff in the hospital and in the dental offices must be educated in order to collaborate with possible violent patients. Dentists must be prepared to work on a post-traumatic dento-periodontal field. Taking all measures to prevent inter-human aggression is imperative and will lead to a major decrease in maxillofacial fractures and an overall increase of oral health in a population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01503-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Juncar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Oradea, Romania, Str. Piața 1 Decembrie, no.10, 410073, Oradea, Romania
| | - Paul Andrei Tent
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Oradea, Romania, Str. Piața 1 Decembrie, no.10, 410073, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Raluca Iulia Juncar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Oradea, Romania, Str. Piața 1 Decembrie, no.10, 410073, Oradea, Romania
| | - Antonia Harangus
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rivis Mircea
- Discipline of Oral Surgery, 2nd Department of Dental Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041, Timisoara, Romania
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Parmar M, Sahore M, Ghezta NK, Soni A. WITHDRAWN: A Retrospective study of 186 mandibular angle fractures: Influence of mountainous topography on etiology of mandibular angle fracture. ADVANCES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2020.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Itakura G, Ito K, Muraoka H, Hirahara N, Okada H, Kaneda T. Risk Assessment of Jawbone Fracture by Mandibular Cortical Bone Width Using Computed Tomography. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.30.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Go Itakura
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Kotaro Ito
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Hirotaka Muraoka
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Naohisa Hirahara
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Takashi Kaneda
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
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Einy S, Goldman S, Radomislensky I, Bodas M, Peleg K. Maxillofacial trauma following road accidents-An 11-year multi-center study in Israel. Dent Traumatol 2020; 37:407-413. [PMID: 33259691 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Road traffic collisions (RTC) are known to be one of the major causes of maxillofacial trauma (MFT). The road user factor is of crucial importance in the prevalence, severity, and treatment of maxillofacial injuries. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of maxillofacial trauma among road users, to illustrate injury patterns and to identify road users at high risk. METHODS This historical prospective multi-center study was based on Israel's Trauma Registry between 2008-2018, which included 4829 hospitalized patients following RTC with MFT. Data were analyzed according to six road user types (vehicle driver, passenger, bicyclist, motorcyclist, pedestrian, and e-bike/scooter), maxillofacial injury location, and maxillofacial treatment. RESULTS MFT, which accounted for 5% of the hospitalized RTC injuries, was not equally distributed among road users, as bicyclists and e-bike/scooters were more prone to maxillofacial trauma (7.2% and 10.1%, respectively) than vehicle drivers (3.2%). Children (age 0-14 years) comprised almost half of the cyclists, 25% of the pedestrians and 20% of the passengers. Some MFT patients experienced multiple injuries, with the majority involving jaw and facial bones and to a lesser extent the mouth, teeth, gingivae, and alveolar bone (mouth and dento-alveolar (DA) trauma). Approximately 30% of hospitalized road casualties with MFT underwent MF surgery, with the need for surgery lowest among pedestrians. CONCLUSION Hospitalized road casualties had different types of MFT in terms of prevalence, location, severity, and treatment, depending on the road user type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Einy
- Orthodontic and Craniofacial Department, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sharon Goldman
- Israel National Center for Trauma and Emergency Medicine Research, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Irina Radomislensky
- Israel National Center for Trauma and Emergency Medicine Research, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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- Israel National Center for Trauma and Emergency Medicine Research, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Moran Bodas
- Israel National Center for Trauma and Emergency Medicine Research, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Kobi Peleg
- Israel National Center for Trauma and Emergency Medicine Research, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Bielecki-Kowalski B, Kozakiewicz M. Clinico-anatomical classification of the processus condylaris mandibulae for traumatological purposes. Ann Anat 2020; 234:151616. [PMID: 33098979 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mandible condyle fracture has been reported to constitute 9-45 % (Asprino and Consani, 2006), 14.1 % (Bataineh, 1998), 25-50 % (Silvennoinen, Iizuka, 1992), 32 % (Chrcanovic et al., 2004), and 38 % (Brasileiro and Passeri, 2006) of all mandible fractures (Kozakiewicz and Swiniarski, 2013). Small bone segments, limited available space for application of the fixation material and limited visibility of the operative field are common difficulties. To guarantee satisfactory treatment effects, anatomical reduction and proper fracture stability are necessary. The use of 3-4 screws in the upper section (proximal segment) provides adequate immobilization, which can be easily achieved when the condyle is low and wide. However, if the condyle is slender, it is not technically possible to fix 2 plates and 4 screws for osteosynthesis. Selection of the appropriate fixative material that will provide adequate rigidity during the healing period while simultaneously allowing proper construction of the lateral silhouette of the processus condylaris mandibulae to fix the plate remains a key consideration. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinico-anatomical classification of the condyle of mandible posture for traumatological purposes. Five hundred computer tomography virtual models were created, from which 11 measurements were made, and 2 indexes were calculated. Assessment of types based on the ratio of the condyle height index revealed a dichotomous division into high and short condyles. Statistically associated with the division, the Width_neck_basal (the width of the bone at the level of semilunar notch measured by a frontal projection perpendicular to line "A", as described by Neff (Neff et al., 2014)) measurement allowed the creation of the following clinico-anatomical classification: -slender-type condyles have a Width_neck_basal in the range of 4-8.5mm; -squad-type condyles have a Width_neck_basal in the range of 11.5-19.5mm. Patients with a Width_neck_basal value in the 8.5-11.5mm range cannot be classified using this method, and a different method to assess the lateral condylar silhouette must be used. The proposed clinic-anatomical classification method avoids the problems associated with incorrect osteosynthesis plate selection. Assignment to a group can be obtained by making one measurement (the Width_neck_basal). In that way, the optimal fixing material can be selected by the surgeon before the operation commences, with great intraoperation time savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Bielecki-Kowalski
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 1st Gen. J. Haller Plaza, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marcin Kozakiewicz
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 1st Gen. J. Haller Plaza, Lodz, Poland.
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Analysis of Maxillofacial Fractures Based on the Etiology in Southeast China. J Craniofac Surg 2020; 32:1432-1435. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Umarane S, Kale T, Tenagi A, Manavadaria Y, Motimath AS. A Clinical Study of the Evaluation and Assessment of the Etiology and Patterns of Ocular Injuries in Midfacial Trauma in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Cureus 2020; 12:e10216. [PMID: 33042662 PMCID: PMC7537660 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim is to study the pattern of ocular injuries in midfacial trauma and to evaluate the overall incidence of ophthalmic injury of any severity following maxillofacial trauma. Methods and Materials The maxillofacial surgeon conducted routine facial examination of patients with midfacial fractures, which also included a detailed ophthalmologic examination of patients, at the time of initial presentation. These patients were then further evaluated by an ophthalmologist for thorough examination of the eye. Results The total number of recorded midface maxillofacial trauma cases was 181. Out of 181 patients, 161 had ocular injuries. Among 181 cases, 161 (88.95%) cases were due to road traffic accidents, which was the prime etiologic factor. Out of total 181 patients, 172 (95.03%) were males and 9 (4.97%) were females. The maximum number of cases were of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures (44.75%) followed by nasal bone fractures (21.5%). Periorbital ecchymosis accounted for the maximum number of cases, amounting to 61.88%. Loss of vision or blindness was seen in eight (4.42%) patients. Conclusions The study stresses further on the importance of long-term and continuous data collection and record management of trauma patients, which may help health care providers with necessary information to develop treatment protocols and device measures for the prevention of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikar Umarane
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, IND
| | - Tejraj Kale
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, IND
| | - Arvind Tenagi
- Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, IND
| | - Yash Manavadaria
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, IND
| | - Abhishek S Motimath
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, IND
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16
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Kanala S, Gudipalli S, Perumalla P, Jagalanki K, Polamarasetty PV, Guntaka S, Gudala A, Boyapati RP. Aetiology, prevalence, fracture site and management of maxillofacial trauma. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2020; 103:18-22. [PMID: 32808805 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2020.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maxillofacial fractures are often associated with severe morbidity, functional deficit, disfigurement and significant financial implications. The aim of this review was to investigate whether the aetiology, prevalence and management modalities of facial trauma can identify the common causes of facial trauma with a view to recommending measures to the appropriate governing bodies to change the current practice wherever possible. METHODS The records of 1,112 patients referred to our oral and maxillofacial unit in Andhra Pradesh, India, between February 2008 and October 2017 were analysed retrospectively. Data including age, sex, aetiology, fracture site and treatment were evaluated. RESULTS Men aged 20-40 years were the most common victims of facial trauma. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were responsible in 70% of cases. Mandibular fractures constituted 47% of the overall fractures, and 55% of the total fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation. CONCLUSIONS The main cause of maxillofacial injury among patients reporting to our hospital was RTAs. Mandibular fractures were the most common, accounting for almost half of the cases. Over half (55%) of all maxillofacial fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Reasons for this high frequency may include the large number of poorly maintained, overloaded vehicles on unsuitable roads, violation of traffic regulations (particularly by inexperienced young drivers), abuse of alcohol or other intoxicating agents and the sociocultural behaviours of some drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kanala
- Government Dental College and Hospital, Vijayawada, India
| | - S Gudipalli
- Government Dental College and Hospital, Vijayawada, India
| | - P Perumalla
- Government Dental College and Hospital, Vijayawada, India
| | - K Jagalanki
- Government Dental College and Hospital, Vijayawada, India
| | | | - S Guntaka
- Government Dental College and Hospital, Vijayawada, India
| | - A Gudala
- Government Dental College and Hospital, Vijayawada, India
| | - R P Boyapati
- Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Assiri ZA, Salma REG, Almajid EA, Alfadhel AK. Retrospective radiological evaluation to study the prevalence and pattern of maxillofacial fracture among Military personal at Prince Sultan Military Medical City [PSMMC], Riyadh: An institutional study. Saudi Dent J 2020; 32:242-249. [PMID: 32647471 PMCID: PMC7336016 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the present study was to analyze the prevalence, causes, and patterns of maxillofacial fractures retrospectively in patients who were treated at Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods Patients′ medical records were reviewed from 2005 to 2014. Patient′s age, gender, cause, and the pattern of maxillofacial fractures were studied. Associated body injuries were also recorded. Results Out of 263 patients, 207 (78.7%) were male and 56 (21.3%) were female. The age range was from 3 to 67 yr with a mean age of 26.21 yr. Road traffic accidents 236 (89.8%) were the most commonly reported cause of maxillofacial fractures, followed by falls 14 (5.3%), assaults 4 (1.5%), gunshot 3 (1.1%), and sport accidents 2 (0.8%). Most of the cases of maxillary fracture were Le Fort II 27 (36.5%), followed by LeFort I 23 (31.1%), LeFort III 20 (27.0%) and palatal fractures 4 (5.4%). Of the mandibular fractures, parasymphysis fractures constituted 61 (27.4%), body 50 (22.4%), condyle 45 (20.2%), angle 40 (17.9%), symphysis 16 (7.2%), ramus 7 (3.1%) and coronoid 4 (1.8%). Zygomatic complex fractures 110 (94.8%) were the most commonly reported fractures in the mid and upper facial region. Other facial fractures included orbital floor 61 (97.0%), naso-orbito-ethmoidal 18 (19.8%), and frontal 12 (13.2%). Conclusion Road traffic accidents were the most common cause of maxillofacial fractures. Spreading awareness among young drivers regarding road safety regulations is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayed Ali Assiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saudi Ministry of Health, Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ra Ed Ghaleb Salma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Lin Q, Hong X, Zhang D, Jin H. Involvement of orbit in maxillofacial fractures: "Evaluation of its spectrum, characteristics, and treatment in 200 patients"-Prospective study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:3302-3306. [PMID: 32227574 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the orbital involvement epidemiology in facial fractures, the clinical distribution and effects of orbital involvement in these patients, the frequency and nature of treatment procedures performed for these involvements, and the immediate- and intermediate-term effects of these treatment procedures. METHODS Two hundred patients with hard tissue maxillofacial injuries were included in this study. Clinical examination was performed in-depth. Images were taken to determine and confirm clinical observations and to finalize treatment modality. Orbital involvement in patients was noted as present or absent. The clinical effects and features in postoperative imaging studies were noted until 3 months after trauma in each patient. RESULTS Out of 200 patients, about one-third patients (58;29%) had orbital involvement and out of which 49 were males. Regarding clinical-radiological signs in orbit involved fractures, the incidences were variable, that is, periorbital ecchymosis (77.6%), periorbital edema (74.1%), subconjunctival hemorrhage (67.2%), palpable step/crepitus in orbital rim (62.1%), infraorbital nerve paresthesia (46.6%), restricted globe movement (5.2%), orbital rim discontinuity/step (72.4%), maxillary sinuses (51.7%), orbital wall/floor/roof rupture (55.2%), and infraorbital foramen involvement (36.2%). Palpable step/crepitus in orbital rim was recovered remarkably earlier in patients of open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) group, and features of restricted globe movements, orbital rim discontinuity/step, orbital wall/floor/roof rupture, and infraorbital foramen involvement in patients were recovered immediately after open reduction and internal fixation treatment. CONCLUSION Early repair of the maxillofacial injuries with orbital involvement has better functional and esthetic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingyu Hong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China Japan Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongjuan Jin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Management of Mandible Fracture by Plating and Wiring: An Otolaryngologist Perspective at Teritiary Care Center. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 71:417-424. [PMID: 31741997 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-018-1332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The facial area is one of the most frequently injured parts of the body (Abiose in Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 24(1):319, 1986; Adi et al. in Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 28(3):1949, 1990; Allan and Daly in Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 19(5):26871, 1990), and the mandible is one of the most commonly fractured maxillofacial bones (1990; Azevedo et al. in J Trauma 45(6):10847, 1998; Bremerich et al. in Acta Stomatol Belg 93:511, 1996). Mandible is the only mobile bone of the skeleton, and hence vulnerable to fracture. This is a retrospective study of 50 mandibular fracture cases managed at the Department of ENT, Govt. Medical College Bhavnagar during the 2 years period from 2014 to 2016. Maximum subjects were in age group 21-30 years with a male preponderance. Road traffic accident is the main cause followed by falls and assault. Symphysis is the most common site of Mandibular fracture. Mandible fracture is a common entity in Road traffic accidents. Multiple fractures are seen in 40% of mandibular fracture cases. The results were equally good in patients requiring only MMF (Maxillo Mandibular Fixation) and inpatients requiring MMF and Plating, during the follow up up to 8 weeks. Physiotherapy was advised for all the post op patients after 2 months.
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20
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Zhou CC, Xing X, Yang Y, Qing J, Li Z. Osteosynthesis of segmental alveolar fractures by internal fixation and the prognosis of the fractures and teeth. Dent Traumatol 2019; 36:272-277. [PMID: 31724290 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Fracture of the alveolar process is a common injury, but the traditional splinting fixation may not be possible in some cases. The aim of this study was to describe the osteosynthesis performed in segmental alveolar fractures by internal fixation and evaluate the prognosis of the fractures and teeth involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two patients who were identified as having segmental alveolar fractures treated with osteosynthesis by internal fixation at the authors' department from January 2007 to December 2016 were included with 90 traumatized teeth. The prognosis of the fractures and teeth involved in the fractures was evaluated by the post-operative computed tomography combined with a follow-up study. RESULTS All patients achieved healing and consolidation of the alveolar fractures. Furthermore, the occlusion was restored and the wounds healed. During the surgical procedures, no observed iatrogenic dental damage caused by the interdental drilling was found. Eventually, only 15.6% of the teeth had pulp necrosis, whereas the other healing complications were rare or not observed in the study. CONCLUSIONS Osteosynthesis by internal fixation is an effective and safe treatment for some segmental alveolar fractures. The teeth involved in these fractures also have good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Chan Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Xing
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Qing
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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22
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Gupta M, Das D, Soodan K, Singh C. Dental injuries in patients associated with fracture of facial bones. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 23:63-69. [PMID: 30739261 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-019-00743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess different types of dental injuries associated with facial bone fractures. METHOD One hundred dentate patients were selected randomly of all age and gender who had maxillofacial trauma only and having dental injury in association with facial bones fractures were included. They were thoroughly examined for injury/fracture to facial region as well as for dental injuries (teeth). Tooth injuries were noted according to Ellis classification. The data was collected, compiled, and put to statistical analysis. RESULTS Dental injuries were more in females than males found to be statistically significant with (p < 0.05).Crown fracture of maxillary teeth was more as compared to mandibular except molars found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Root fracture was more in maxillary incisors followed by canine as compared to mandibular incisors and canines found to be insignificant. Avulsion, extrusion and luxation were more in maxilla as compared to mandible found to be significant. CONCLUSION Different types of tooth injuries associated with facial bone fracture found more in females and maxillary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gupta
- M.M College of Dental Sciences & Research,, House No. 879, sector- 8, Mullana, Panchkula, Ambala, Haryana, 134109, India.
| | - Debdutta Das
- M.M College of Dental Sciences & Research,, House No. 879, sector- 8, Mullana, Panchkula, Ambala, Haryana, 134109, India
| | - Kanwaldeep Soodan
- M.M College of Dental Sciences & Research,, House No. 879, sector- 8, Mullana, Panchkula, Ambala, Haryana, 134109, India
| | - Chandandeep Singh
- M.M College of Dental Sciences & Research,, House No. 879, sector- 8, Mullana, Panchkula, Ambala, Haryana, 134109, India
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Al-Anee AM, Al-Quisi AF, Al-Jumaily HA. Mandibular war injuries caused by bullets and shell fragments: a comparative study. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 22:303-307. [PMID: 30088109 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-018-0710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Is to compare the patterns, severity, and management of the high- and low-velocity mandibular war injuries managed at Al Shaheed Gazi Al-Hariri Hospital in Baghdad Medical City, Iraq, during a 2-year period. METHODS Forty-one patients with a history of mandibular war injuries treated by our maxillofacial team were reviewed during a period of 2 years (2015-2017). All patients were treated in the Maxillofacial Unit of the Hospital of Specialized Surgeries in Baghdad Medical City. RESULTS A 2-year retrospective study evaluated 41 patients with mandibular war injuries with a total of 94 fractures (comminution represents 79.06% of the bullet injuries, while it is only 62.74% with IED injuries). Management of these injuries was varied according to the severity of the injuries and resources available. Close reduction was used in 72.72% of the linear fracture cases, whereas open technique was used in 56.6% of the comminuted fractures. CONCLUSIONS Bullet injuries were associated with a higher number of mandibular comminuted fractures, in addition to more extensive bone loss. While shell injuries of IED (improvised explosive devices), on the other hand, were associated with higher infection rate and more postoperative complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auday M Al-Anee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon at Al-Shaheed Gazi AL-Hariri Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Fadhel Al-Quisi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon at Al-Kindi Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Hassanien A Al-Jumaily
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon at Al-Shaheed Gazi AL-Hariri Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
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Elarabi MS, Bataineh AB. Changing pattern and etiology of maxillofacial fractures during the civil uprising in Western Libya. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2018; 23:e248-e255. [PMID: 29476683 PMCID: PMC5911362 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changing pattern in characteristics of maxillofacial fractures and concomitant injuries in Western Libya During revolution and to assess the association between mechanism of injury and fracture patterns. Material and Methods A retrospective review of medical records and radiographs of 187 patients treated for maxillofacial fractures from January 2010 to December 2012 was performed, there were 326 fractures in 187 patients. Results The male: female ratio was 6:1. Most fractures occurred in patients aged 11 to 40 years, and few injuries occurred in patients aged > 50 years. Most fractures occurred from motor vehicle accidents, and other most frequent causes included assault, gunshot, and fall injuries. Most maxillofacial fractures involved the mandible, zygomatic complex, or maxilla. Most mandibular fractures occurred at the parasymphysis, angle, or condyle. Associated injuries most frequently involved the head, chest, and extremities. Most patients were treated with open reduction (132 patients [71%]), and 26 patients (14%) were treated nonoperatively. There were 21 complications (11%). Conclusions In summary, motor vehicle accidents were the most frequent cause of maxillofacial fracture in western Libya, possibly because of the lack of seat belt legislation. Interpersonal violence was a less frequent cause of maxillofacial fracture, possibly because of the religious restriction on alcohol consumption. Key words:Tauma, mandible, zygomatic complex, maxilla, treatment, complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-S Elarabi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, B.O.Box 3030, Irbid-Jordan,
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Samman M, Ahmed SW, Beshir H, Almohammadi T, Patil SR. Incidence and Pattern of Mandible Fractures in the Madinah Region: A Retrospective Study. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2018; 9:59-64. [PMID: 29456395 PMCID: PMC5812076 DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_60_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of the study is to study the incidence and pattern of mandible fractures in the holy city of Madinah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over a retrospective period of 3 years from 2013 (1434H) to 2016 (1436H) and to compare the results with those from other regions of Saudi Arabia and elsewhere. Materials and Methods Relevant data of patients admitted to the King Fahad Hospital, Madinah with a fracture of the mandible during the study were collected from their medical records and radiographs. The age, gender, etiology, role of the patient, site, and number of fractures in the patients were evaluated. The data were analyzed by standard statistical methods. Results A total of 197 patients with fracture of the mandible were admitted in the period of the study by the Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Department, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah. There were 165 male and 32 female patients. The ages ranged from 3 to 86 years with a mean of 24 years. A total of 260 fractures of Mandible were documented. The largest number (113) of patients was found in the age group between 16 and 30 years. Trauma caused by motor vehicle road traffic accidents (RTAs) was the main etiology of the fractures followed by falls and assault. The majority of the patients were in the role of vehicle drivers. The condylar anatomical site of mandible was most frequently affected and constituted the largest number (103) of fractures followed by the angle (51), parasymphysis (45), and then by the body (23) of the mandible. Dentoalveolar fractures were present in 22 cases. Very less number of coronoid fractures (7), followed by those of the ramus (5), and least number at the symphysis (4) of the mandible were found. Conclusion RTA was the most common etiology for trauma and fracture of the mandible. The males outnumbered the female patients, the largest number of patients with trauma and mandible fracture was found in the age group between 16 and 30 years and frequency of condylar fractures was higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Samman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Waheed Ahmed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Beshir
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Almohammadi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al Jouf University, Sakakah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Santosh R Patil
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dentistry, Al Jouf University, Sakakah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Efficacy of Titanium Mesh Osteosynthesis in Maxillofacial Fractures. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2017; 17:417-424. [PMID: 30344379 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-017-1043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trauma is steadily increasing in the modern world and thus becoming a major public problem. Maxillofacial injuries constitute a substantial proportion of cases of trauma and occur in a variety of situations like road traffic accidents, interpersonal violence, falls or as a result of contact sports. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of titanium mesh for osteosynthesis of maxillofacial fractures. Materials and Methods Fifteen patients of maxillofacial fractures who were treated with titanium mesh were included in this prospective study. The patients were evaluated preoperatively, intraoperatively and postoperatively at 7th day, 3rd week, 6th week and 12th week. Results The mean age of fifteen patients was 31.3 years with a male:female ratio of 14:1. The most common mode of injury was road traffic accident (86.6%). The mean time interval between injury and surgical procedure was found to be 7.6 days. The majority of fracture sites (88%) were comminuted. 93.3% of the patients achieved good occlusion by 12th week postoperatively. Postoperative complications included residual hypoaesthesia in four patients and wound dehiscence in one patient. Conclusion We conclude that titanium mesh is a versatile option for maxillofacial fractures. It provided good stabilization especially in comminuted fractures. As a fixation method, it was quick in placement and highly adaptable, and thus, it proved to be valuable in restoring the form and function in maxillofacial trauma patients.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Motor vehicle accidents (MVA) and falls are major causes of maxillofacial injuries posing real challenges for the medical staff. PURPOSE To describe the demographic and injury characteristics, as well as the treatment procedures of casualties diagnosed with maxillofacial injuries. METHODS The investigators implemented a multicenter retrospective study composed of hospitalized maxillofacial trauma patients recorded in the Israel Trauma Registry for 2000 to 2011. The predictor variable was mechanism of injury and the outcome variable was type of injury, severity, and hospital resources utilization. Descriptive and bivariate statistics with P values was set at 0.05. RESULTS The study included 11,592 reported hospitalized maxillofacial trauma patients (39.4% of them were MVA, 33.5% were falls), with a male predominance of a 3:1 ratio. The high-risk age groups were the first 3 decades of life in both etiologies, while age groups above 75 years were also frequent in falls. Severity of maxillofacial injuries, multiple injuries, admission to intensive care units, hospitalization for more than 15 days, inpatient mortality, and rehabilitation after discharge was significantly higher in MVA compared with falls. Conversely, maxillofacial surgeries were performed slightly more among patients injured in falls (34.1% and 31.1% respectively), as tongue and mouth are more prone targets in falls, compared with zygoma, maxilla, mandible, and teeth in MVA. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the etiologies present an entire separate pattern of trauma. A better understanding and proper identification of their high-risk groups should lead to appropriate prevention programs and treatment protocols.
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Sipahi Calis A, Efeoglu C, Koca H. The effect of teeth in mandibular fracture lines. Dent Traumatol 2017; 33:194-198. [PMID: 28067977 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The decision to retain or extract teeth in the line of mandibular fractures has been a subject of debate in the scientific literature, and there is a need for further evidence to clear this issue. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects on healing of teeth in the line of mandibular fractures in order to contribute to the field. MATERIAL AND METHODS The case notes of 100 patients with teeth in the line of 106 mandibular fractures were reviewed. Open reduction and rigid internal fixation (ORIF) was used if elastic intermaxillary reduction failed to achieve a satisfactory occlusion and/or anatomical reduction in the fragments as assessed by orthopantomogram (OPG) and clinical examination. The remaining cases had maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) with an arch bar and bridle wire. RESULTS Three of the 106 teeth involved in the fracture lines healed with complications. In the cases where the teeth had been removed prior to fracture treatment, or in cases of delayed extractions, no complications were noted. CONCLUSION The factors which should be considered for removal include the condition of the teeth and alveolar bone, the timing and the type of treatment. This decision should be made on an individual basis considering potential risks to avoid complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Sipahi Calis
- Oral Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmır, Turkey
| | - Candan Efeoglu
- Oral Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmır, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Koca
- Oral Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmır, Turkey
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De Ponte FS, Falzea R, Runci M, Siniscalchi EN, Lauritano F, Bramanti E, Cervino G, Cicciu M. Histomorhological and clinical evaluation of maxillary alveolar ridge reconstruction after craniofacial trauma by applying combination of allogeneic and autogenous bone graft. Chin J Traumatol 2017; 20:14-17. [PMID: 28202369 PMCID: PMC5343098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of techniques and materials for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of traumatized maxillary ridges prior to dental implants placement have been described in literature. Autogenous bone grafting is considered ideal by many researchers and it still remains the most predictable and documented method. The aim of this report is to underline the effectiveness of using allogeneic bone graft for managing maxillofacial trauma. A case of a 30-year-old male with severely atrophic maxillary ridge as a consequence of complex craniofacial injury is presented here. Augmentation procedure in two stages was performed using allogeneic and autogenous bone grafts in different areas of the osseous defect. Four months after grafting, during the implants placement surgery, samples of both sectors were withdrawn and submitted to histological evaluation. On the examination of the specimens, treated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, the morphology of integrated allogeneic bone grafts was revealed to be similar to the autologous bone. Our clinical experience shows how the allogeneic bone graft presented normal bone tissue architecture and is highly vascularized, and it can be used for reconstruction of severe trauma of the maxilla.
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Lee K, Olsen J, Sun J, Chandu A. Alcohol-involved maxillofacial fractures. Aust Dent J 2016; 62:180-185. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Lee
- Western Health; Melbourne Australia
| | - J Olsen
- Western Health; Melbourne Australia
| | - J Sun
- School of Public Health and Social Work; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Australia
| | - A Chandu
- Western Health; Melbourne Australia
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Regmi KP, Tu J, Ge S, Hou C, Hu X, Li S, Du J. Retrospective Clinical Study of Maxillary Sagittal Fractures: Predictors of Postoperative Outcome. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 75:576-583. [PMID: 27986471 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Because of less attention to the sagittal component of maxillary fractures, these fractures are often misdiagnosed or the reduction is missed leading to maxillary transverse discrepancies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with good or adverse postoperative outcomes of maxillary sagittal fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a single-center retrospective cohort study. The sample was composed of cases of maxillary sagittal fractures treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Unit of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xi'an, China) from January 2008 through December 2013. The predictor variables were age, gender, occupation, cause of injury, injury severity, treatment timing, treatment method, and quality of fracture reduction. The outcome variable was the postoperative treatment effect index. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistics were computed. The P value was set to .05. RESULTS The sample was composed of 40 cases. The male-to-female ratio was 4:1; the most vulnerable age group was 20 to 30 years (30%); laborers (72.5%) were more prone to injury; and the main cause of injury was motor vehicle accident (62.5%). No cases of isolated sagittal fracture were found and most (35%) occurred with other maxillary fractures, including Le Fort fractures. A statistically significant association between treatment timing and quality of fracture reduction and the postoperative treatment effect index (P < .05) was found. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that better results are achieved when fractured bone is treated sooner. Anatomic repositioning of the fractured bone is the important predictor for good postoperative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Prasad Regmi
- Resident, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research and the Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Disease, College of Stomatology, and the Research Center of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - JunBo Tu
- Professor, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research and the Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Disease, College of Stomatology, and the Research Center of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - SuMeng Ge
- Resident, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research and the Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Disease, College of Stomatology, and the Research Center of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - ChengQun Hou
- Associate Professor, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research and the Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Disease, College of Stomatology, and the Research Center of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - XiaoYi Hu
- Associate Professor, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research and the Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Disease, College of Stomatology, and the Research Center of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - ShiXian Li
- Resident Doctor, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research and the Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Disease, College of Stomatology, and the Research Center of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - JingTing Du
- Resident, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research and the Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Disease, College of Stomatology, and the Research Center of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Lee CW, Foo QC, Wong LV, Leung YY. An Overview of Maxillofacial Trauma in Oral and Maxillofacial Tertiary Trauma Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2016; 10:16-21. [PMID: 28210403 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to provide an overview of maxillofacial trauma and its relationship to patient's demographic data and alcohol consumption within the state of Sabah. It was a retrospective study of maxillofacial trauma cases treated by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, from January 1, 2009, until December 31, 2013. A total of 630 maxillofacial trauma cases were included. Details of the trauma were collected from patients' record, including patients' cause of injuries, injuries suffered, treatment indications, and treatment received. Patients' demographic data (age, gender), alcohol consumption in relation to causes, and type of maxillofacial injury were analyzed. There were 538 male (85.4%) and 92 female (14.6%) patients (ratio: 5.8:1), with mean age of 31.0 years. Most common causes of maxillofacial injury were motor vehicle accident (MVA; 66.3%), followed by fall (12.4%) and assault (11.6%). Motorcyclists made up more than half of the total cases (53.1%). Cases referred were primarily due to soft-tissue injury (458 cases). Other cases were dentoalveolar and maxillofacial bone fractures. Treatment provided for the fractures included open reduction and internal fixation (22.9%), closed reduction (28.7%), and conservative management (48.4%). Toilet and suturing were done for all patients with soft-tissue injury. Maxillofacial trauma is a major problem in Sabah. It affects mostly males in the age group of 21 to 30 years. Most of the MVA patients were motorcyclists. Mandibular fracture with parasymphysis involvement recorded the highest number. Most of the patients preferred conservative management, probably due to financial and logistic issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Wei Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Qi Chao Foo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ling Vuan Wong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Yiu Yan Leung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Gadicherla S, Sasikumar P, Gill SS, Bhagania M, Kamath AT, Pentapati KC. Mandibular Fractures and Associated Factors at a Tertiary Care Hospital. ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2016; 5:e30574. [PMID: 28144599 PMCID: PMC5253199 DOI: 10.5812/atr.30574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution, etiology and type of mandibular fractures in subjects referred to our institution. METHODS A retrospective study of 689 subjects, during the period from May 2010 to September 2013 with mandibular fractures was conducted. Information on age, gender, mechanism of injury and sites of trauma was obtained from the trauma registry. Data were tabulated and analyzed statistically. RESULTS A total of 653 subjects had mandibular fractures, out of which 574 were males. The mean age of the participants was 31.54 ± 13.07. The majority of the subjects were between 21-40 years of age, in both males (61.7%) and females (54.4%). The major cause of fractures was road traffic accidents (87.4%) followed by fall (6.9%) and assault (4%), with the least frequent being gunshot injuries (0.3%). Almost half of the patients had parasymphysis fractures (50.2%), followed by angle (24.3%), condyle (20.4%), ramus (2.3%) and coronoid (2%). A total of 115 patients had bilateral fractures out of which 29 had parasymphysis, 12 had body fractures and 74 had bilateral condylar fractures. Double mandibular fractures were reported in 193 subjects; out of which 151 subjects had double contralateral and 42 had double unilateral fractures. Triple unilateral fracture was reported in only one subject. A total of 338 subjects had multiple fractures among the study population. CONCLUSIONS Mandibular fractures can be complicated and demanding, and have a compelling impact on patients' quality of life. Our study reported that parasymphysis was the most common region involved in mandible fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Gadicherla
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Prem Sasikumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Satpal Singh Gill
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Manish Bhagania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhay Taranath Kamath
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Kalyana Chakravarthy Pentapati
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
- Corresponding author: Kalyana Chakravarthy Pentapati, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka, India. Tel: +91-9916036303, E-mail:
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Mandibular Fractures Admitted to the Emergency Department: Data Analysis from a Swiss Level One Trauma Centre. Emerg Med Int 2016; 2016:3502902. [PMID: 27656297 PMCID: PMC5021490 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3502902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular fracture is a common occurrence in emergency medicine and belongs to the most frequent facial fractures. Historically road traffic injuries (RTIs) have played a prominent role as a cause for mandibular fractures. We extracted data from all patients between August 2012 and February 2015 with “lower jaw fracture” or “mandibular fracture” from the routine database from the emergency department. We conducted a descriptive analysis at a Swiss level one trauma centre. 144 patients were admitted with suspected mandibular fractures. The majority underwent CT diagnostic (83%). In 7% suspected mandibular fracture was not confirmed. More than half of all patients suffered two or more fractures. The fractures were median or paramedian in 77/144 patients (53%) and in other parts (corpus, mandibular angle, ramus mandibularis, collum, and temporomandibular joint) in 100/144 (69%). Male to female ratio was 3 : 1 up to 59 years of age; 69% were younger than 40 years. 72% of all patients presented during daytime, 69% had to be hospitalized, and 31% could be discharged from the ED after treatment. Most fractures were due to fall (44%), followed by interpersonal violence (25%) and sport activities (12%). Falls were a dominant cause of fracture in all age groups while violence and sport activities were common only in younger patients. Comparisons to other studies were difficult due to lack of standardization of causes contributing to the injuries. In the observed time period and setting RTIs have played a minor role compared to falls, interpersonal violence, and sports. In the future, standardized documentation as well as categorization of causes for analytic purposes is urgently needed to facilitate international comparison of studies.
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Singaram M, G SV, Udhayakumar RK. Prevalence, pattern, etiology, and management of maxillofacial trauma in a developing country: a retrospective study. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 42:174-81. [PMID: 27595083 PMCID: PMC5009190 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2016.42.4.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This retrospective study aims to evaluate the prevalence of maxillofacial trauma in a developing country, along with its pattern, etiology and management. Data for the present study were collected from the Department of Dentistry, ESIC Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chennai in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS The medical records of patients treated for maxillofacial injuries between May 2014 and November 2015 were retrospectively retrieved and analyzed for prevalence, pattern, etiology, and management of maxillofacial trauma. SPSS software version 16.0 was used for the data analysis. RESULTS Maxillofacial fractures accounts for 93.3% of total injuries. The mean and standard deviation for the age of the patients were 35.0±11.8 years and with a minimum age of 5 years and maximum age of 75 years. Adults from 20 to 40 years age groups were more commonly involved, with a male to female ratio of 3:1. There was a statistically significantly higher proportion of males more commonly involved in accident and injuries (P <0.001). CONCLUSION The most common etiology of maxillofacial injury was road traffic accidents (RTA) followed by falls and assaults, the sports injuries seem to be very less. In RTA, motorized two-wheelers (MTW) were the most common cause of incidents. The majority of victims of RTA were young adult males between the ages of 20 to 40 years. The malar bone and maxilla were the most common sites of fracture, followed by the mandible. The right side of the zygomatic complex was the predominant side of MTW injury. The majority of the zygomatic complex fractures were treated by conservative management. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed for indicated fracture patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanavalli Singaram
- Department of Dentistry, ESIC Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sree Vijayabala G
- Department of Dentistry, ESIC Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Udhayakumar
- Department of Dentistry, ESIC Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chennai, India
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Primary Infraorbital Foramen Decompression for the Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture: Is It Essential? J Craniofac Surg 2016; 27:61-3. [PMID: 26716549 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The frequency of zygomaticomaxillary fracture is second only to nasal bone fracture. Up to 30% to 80% of zygomaticomaxillary fracture patients complain of sensory disturbance results from infraorbital nerve injury. The objective of this study was to detect what factors are related to infraorbital nerve recovery and specifically to investigate decompression of infraorbital foramen improves sensory recovery. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 257 patients were assessed with unilateral zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture, treated with open reduction and internal fixation with orbital floor reconstruction. Of these, 166 patients followed up over 6 months were included in this study. The data collected included age, sex, pre, and postoperative sensory score measured by visual analogue scale (range: 0-10). Sensory score was measured at the infraorbital nerve innervation. The impact of decompression operation on the change of sensory score was compared. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 software (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). RESULTS In patients with preoperative hypoesthesia, difference between postoperative and preoperative sensory score was 3.2 (decompression group), 4.4 (nondecompression group), respectively, but not significant (P > 0.05). In patients without preoperative hypoesthesia, difference between postoperative and preoperative sensory score was -0.2 (decompression group), -0.3 (nondecompression group), respectively, and did not show significant association (P > 0.05). DISCUSSION Based on this result, in patients with preoperative hypoesthesia, infraorbital decompression operation is not useful for sensory recovery. This result indicates infraorbital sensory disturbance occurs from not only pinched nerve injury at the infraorbital foramen but also traction nerve injury at the other part of the nerve.
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Satpathy M, Gupta MK, Pillai AK, Prabhu S, Tiwari S, Jain N. Maxillofacial Fractures in Bhopal, India: Analytic Study of 1268 Cases. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2016; 15:25-31. [PMID: 26929549 PMCID: PMC4759037 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-015-0802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To ascertain the pattern, incidence, causes, age and sex distribution, types, condition and treatment of maxillofacial fractures and their interwoven relationship being practiced in Bhopal. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospectively 3 year records of patients with maxillofacial fractures from 12 selected centres in Bhopal were reviewed. The following data were extracted from the medical records: age; gender; site of the fracture(s); other associated injury(ies); cause of the trauma and method of treatment(s). RESULT In 1268 patients, a total of 2613 fractures were found of which 44.58 % patients had mandibular fractures. Parasymphysis was the most common site of fracture overall. Most patients were in the 21-30 year old age group, and the male: female ratio was 3.3:1. Road traffic accident accounted for 858 cases (67.67 %). Head injury was the highest occurring associated injury. Open surgical modalities was the most employed treatment modality in 52.60 % of cases. CONCLUSION Preference for open surgical treatment along with increasing trend of supplemental intermaxillary fixation was found, which prompts us to check for the underlying reason behind this, which could be the increasing number of displaced and comminuted fracture cases or the decreasing efficiency of open reduction treatment rendered. Latter reason prompts to re-evaluate the existing surgical techniques and expertise of the practicing surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Satpathy
- />Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People’s Dental Academy, 10/1 Malviya Nagar, Bhopal, 462003 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - M. K. Gupta
- />Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People’s Dental Academy, 10/1 Malviya Nagar, Bhopal, 462003 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pillai
- />Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People’s Dental Academy, 10/1 Malviya Nagar, Bhopal, 462003 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Sunderraman Prabhu
- />Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People’s Dental Academy, 10/1 Malviya Nagar, Bhopal, 462003 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Saba Tiwari
- />Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Modern Dental College and Research Centre, 9, Oriental Complex, Scheme 54, Vijay Nagar, Indore, 452010 India
| | - Neha Jain
- />Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People’s Dental Academy, 10/1 Malviya Nagar, Bhopal, 462003 Madhya Pradesh India
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Kumar R, Ahmed SS, Hashmi GS, Ansari MK, Rahman SA. Meta Analysis of Etiology and its Clinical and Radiological Correlation in Cases of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2016; 15:336-344. [PMID: 27752203 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-015-0862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study was planned to investigate the etiology of injuries and to analyze correlation between clinical and radiological findings in cases of craniomaxillofacial trauma. STUDY DESIGN An 18 months cross-sectional study was done and 325 patients with maxillofacial fractures were analyzed from January 2013 to June 2014 who reported to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. Data was recorded in a preformed case sheet which included: patient's demographic data, cause of injury, type of injury, treatment plan. RESULTS Out of the 325 patients, 74.4 % were males with a male: female ratio of 2.91:1. The 21-30 year age group was found to be maximum. Road traffic accidents accounted for 71.3 %, followed by fall from height (19 %) and assault (9.5 %). Most commonly involved vehicles were two wheelers followed by public transport. Mandibular fractures (65 %) were most prevalent, followed by zygomaticomaxillary complex (44.27 %), parietal bone (48 %) and orbital fractures (21.3 %). Thirty-seven fractures (7.14 %) were missed clinically which were confirmed later by radiographic technique. Maximum were in cranium region (57 %) followed by mandible (27 %), mid face region (16.21 %). Thirty-three fractures (6.37 %) were overestimated or suspected clinically which could not be confirmed by radiographic technique. Maximum were in mandible (48.5 %) followed by mid face (36.33 %) and cranium (15.15 %). CONCLUSION The idea behind this article is to analyze the various trends and affecting factors and correlation between clinical and radiological findings. A better understanding of the above said would help in future treatment planning and management of facial injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. ZADCH, AMU, Aligarh, UP 202002 India
| | - Syed Saeed Ahmed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. ZADCH, AMU, Aligarh, UP 202002 India
| | - Gulam Sarwar Hashmi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. ZADCH, AMU, Aligarh, UP 202002 India
| | - Md Kalim Ansari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. ZADCH, AMU, Aligarh, UP 202002 India
| | - Sajjad Abdur Rahman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. ZADCH, AMU, Aligarh, UP 202002 India
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Evaluation of using ultrasound welding process of biodegradable plates for fixation of pediatric mandibular fractures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tdj.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mandibular Ramus Fracture: An Overview of Rare Anatomical Subsite. PLASTIC SURGERY INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:954314. [PMID: 26613050 PMCID: PMC4647056 DOI: 10.1155/2015/954314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim. The present study aims at exemplifying the incidence, and aetiology and analyses the outcomes of open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) over closed treatment of mandibular ramus fractures. Patients and Method. In the present retrospective analysis of mandibular fracture patients, variables analysed were age, sex, cause of injury, pretreatment occlusion, treatment given, period of maxillo-mandibular fixation (MMF), and posttreatment occlusion. Results. Out of 388 mandibular fractures treated, ramus fractures were 12 (3.09%). In the present study, predominant cause of mandibular ramus fracture was road traffic accident (RTA) n = 07 (58.33%) followed by fall n = 04 (33.33%) and assault n = 1 (8.33%). The average age was 35.9 years with a male predilection. Of these, 9 patients were treated with ORIF while remaining 3 with closed treatment. The average MMF after closed treatment was 21 days and 3 to 5 days after ORIF. There was improvement in occlusion in all 12 patients posttreatment with no major complication except for reduced mouth opening in cases treated with ORIF which recovered with physiotherapy and muscle relaxants. Conclusion. Mandibular ramus fractures accounted for 3.09% with RTA as a common aetiology. ORIF of ramus fractures facilitated adequate functional and anatomic reduction with early return of function.
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Bereket C, Şener İ, Şenel E, Özkan N, Yilmaz N. Incidence of mandibular fractures in black sea region of Turkey. J Clin Exp Dent 2015; 7:e410-3. [PMID: 26330940 PMCID: PMC4554243 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to review the incidence of mandibular fractures in the Black Sea Region of Turkey and to present our treatment protocol. Material and Methods Data were collected regarding age, sex, etiology, time distribution, site of the fracture and the associated injuries and evaluated. These patients were treated at Ondokuz Mayıs University Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery between 2003 and 2010. Data were collected from patient files in the archive and were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Results A total of 82 patients with 133 mandibular fractures were included in this study. After the follow up period of the patients, the results were achieved from 58 (70.7%) males and 24 (29.3%) females, whose ages ranged from 5 to 72 years and the mean age was 29. Fractures were most seen in 2008 and the busiest month was August. Falls (40.2%) were the major causes of mandibular fractures followed by traffic accidents and violence. The mandibular anatomical sites of higher fracture incidence were: condyle (34.6%), body and symphysis. The number of the fractures and injuries which were seen in other places such as zygomatic arch, alveolar process, tongue, upper and lower lips, orbita, arms was 14. 53 (64.6%) patients were treated by closed reduction, whereas 13 (15.8%) patients were treated by open reduction. Conclusions We concluded that our results were widely similar with the studies in developing countries. Socio-economic factors, cultures, geographic conditions and education could affect the etiology of the mandibular fractures and cause different results between the studies conducted in different countries. Key words:Mandibular fractures, etiology, trauma, treatment, complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Bereket
- DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun- Turkey
| | - İsmail Şener
- DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun- Turkey
| | - Erman Şenel
- DDS, PhD, Research Assistant, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun- Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Özkan
- DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun- Turkey
| | - Nergiz Yilmaz
- DDS, PhD, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun- Turkey
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Zhou HH, Ongodia D, Liu Q, Yang RT, Li ZB. Changing pattern in the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures. J Craniofac Surg 2015; 24:929-33. [PMID: 23714913 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e3182587f86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to assess the changes in the etiology, incidence, and pattern of maxillofacial fractures during 2 different study periods in our department. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, patients treated for maxillofacial fractures at our department from January 2000 to December 2009 were included. Data regarding patient's age, sex, etiology of fracture, time of injury, site of fracture, and pattern of fracture were collected and grouped chronologically into two 5-year periods: 2000 to 2004 (period 1) and 2005 to 2009 (period 2); the results of the study during these periods were analyzed and compared. RESULTS A total of 1131 patients sustained maxillofacial fractures: 422 in the first period and 709 in the second period. During the second period, the male-female ratio increased from 3.35:1 to 3.63:1. Road traffic accidents remained the major etiologic factor, which increased remarkably from 49.3% to 54.6% (P = 0.085), whereas assault-related injuries decreased significantly from 16.8% to 12.4% (P = 0.039). The proportion of patients with mandibular fractures decreased from 59.6% to 55.3% (P = 0.037), whereas the proportion of patients with midfacial fractures increased from 40.4% to 44.7% (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS The changing pattern of maxillofacial fractures in our center is correlated to the socioeconomic status, population mobility, and etiologic factors. Strict enforcement of traffic laws and regulations is still a focal factor in attaining appreciable reduction in maxillofacial fractures associated with road traffic accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Giri KY, Singh AP, Dandriyal R, Indra N, Rastogi S, Mall SK, Chowdhury S, Singh HP. Incidence and pattern of mandibular fractures in Rohilkhand region, Uttar Pradesh state, India: A retrospective study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2015; 5:140-5. [PMID: 26587379 PMCID: PMC4623881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To understand and evaluate the significance of various aetiological factors in determining the incidence and dictating the patterns of mandibular fractures in Rohilkhand region. METHODS The patient records and radiographs for 144 patients treated for mandibular fractures were reviewed between the time periods from January 2012 to December 2013. Data on age, gender, aetiology, use of intoxicants, head injury, associated injuries, days of the week, anatomic site and multiple fractures within the mandible were recorded and assessed. RESULTS Maximum incidence of fractures was observed among the individuals in 3rd decade (35.4%) followed by 2nd and 4th decades, which exhibited 32 and 30 cases (22.2% and 20.8%), respectively. Male to female ratio was biased (4:1) portraying a male predominance. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were observed to be the predominant aetiological factor responsible accounting for 79.2% of the total injuries followed by assaults (11.8%) and falls (9%). Parasymphysis exhibited the highest incidence (32.63%) amongst the anatomic sites, followed by body (18.75%), angle (16.66%), condyle (15.27%), symphysis (12.50%), ramus (2.77%) and coronoid (1.38%). CONCLUSION The study reveals that majority of affected patients were in the 2nd and 3rd decades. A definitive relationship existed between RTA and the incidence of mandibular fractures. The frequency further increased with consumption of social intoxicants. The most commonly fractured site was parasymphysis either isolated or associated with other fractures in the mandible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolli Yada Giri
- Professor and HOD, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit By Pass Road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, 243006
| | - Aishwarya Pratap Singh
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit By Pass Road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, 243006
| | - Ramakant Dandriyal
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit By Pass Road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, 243006
| | - Niranjanaprasad Indra
- Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit By Pass Road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, 243006
| | - Sanjay Rastogi
- Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit By Pass Road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, 243006
| | - Sunil Kumar Mall
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit By Pass Road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, 243006
| | - Shouvik Chowdhury
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit By Pass Road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, 243006
| | - Himanshu Pratap Singh
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit By Pass Road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, 243006
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Khairwa A, Bhat M, Sharma A, Sharma R. Management of Symphysis and Parasymphysis Mandibular Fractures in Children Treated with MacLennan Splint: Stability and Early Results. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015; 8:127-32. [PMID: 26379381 PMCID: PMC4562046 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficiency of MacLennan splint in symphysis and parasymphysis mandibular fractures in children. Study design: Six patients (four boys and two girls, mean age 3 years, range between 2 and 5 years) were operated on parasymphysis fractures of children. The mean follow-up time was 12 months. MacLennan splint was applied in these case upto 3 weeks. Results: Primary healing of the fractured mandible was observed in all patients. Postoperative complications were minor and transient. The outcome of the operation was not endangered. Adverse tissue reaction like infection, malocclusion, swelling and growth restrictions did not occur during observation period. Conclusion: MacLennan splint is having various advantages like faster mobilization and the avoidance of secondary removal operations. Based on this preliminary results MacLennan splints are safe and efficient in the treatment of pediatric mandible fracture. How to cite this article: Khairwa A, Bhat M, Sharma A, Sharma R. Management of Symphysis and Parasymphysis Mandibular Fractures in Children Treated with MacLennan Splint: Stability and Early Results. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(2):127-132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Khairwa
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics, Jaipur Dental College, Jaipur Rajasthan, India
| | - Manohar Bhat
- Principal and Head, Department of Pedodontics, Jaipur Dental College, Jaipur Rajasthan, India
| | - Anupama Sharma
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Dentistry, Government Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajesh Sharma
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Jaipur Dental College, Jaipur Rajasthan, India
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Zhou HH, Liu Q, Yang RT, Li Z, Li ZB. Maxillofacial Fractures in Women and Men: A 10-Year Retrospective Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 73:2181-8. [PMID: 26296597 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the demographic characteristics of maxillofacial fractures between women and men in China. PATIENTS AND METHODS The sample was composed of all patients who sustained maxillofacial fractures during a 10-year period (2000 through 2009). Incidences, age distributions, etiologies, fracture patterns, associated injuries, and occupation distributions were recorded and analyzed. Data analysis included the χ(2) test, the Fisher exact test, and the t test. A P value less than .05 was considered significant. RESULTS There were 1,131 patients (881 male and 250 female) who sustained maxillofacial fractures, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.5:1. Male patients sustained injuries most frequently during the autumn (P = .048), whereas female patients sustained more maxillofacial injuries during the summer (P = .006). Men sustained motorcycle (P = .023) and assault-related accidents (P = .036) more frequently than women, whereas women were more frequently injured in bicycle-related accidents (P < .001) or falling while at ground level (P = .001) than men. Women presented more frequently with condylar fracture than men (P = .028), whereas men were more prone to symphysis fractures than women (P = .037). For drivers, only men were involved (P = .001). Male workers sustained maxillofacial fractures more frequently than female workers (P < .001). Female children, students, and company staff were more prone to maxillofacial fractures than their male counterparts (P = .010, P = .004, and P = .044 respectively). CONCLUSIONS The demographic characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in female patients considerably differ from those in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hua Zhou
- Resident, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Resident, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rong-Tao Yang
- Resident, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Associate Professor, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zu-Bing Li
- Professor, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Scheyerer MJ, Döring R, Fuchs N, Metzler P, Sprengel K, Werner CML, Simmen HP, Grätz K, Wanner GA. Maxillofacial injuries in severely injured patients. J Trauma Manag Outcomes 2015; 9:4. [PMID: 26085840 PMCID: PMC4469581 DOI: 10.1186/s13032-015-0025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background A significant proportion of patients admitted to hospital with multiple traumas exhibit facial injuries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence and cause of facial injuries in severely injured patients and to examine the role of plastic and maxillofacial surgeons in treatment of this patient collective. Methods A total of 67 patients, who were assigned to our trauma room with maxillofacial injuries between January 2009 and December 2010, were enrolled in the present study and evaluated. Results The majority of the patients were male (82 %) with a mean age of 44 years. The predominant mechanism of injury was fall from lower levels (<5 m) and occurred in 25 (37 %) cases. The median ISS was 25, with intracranial bleeding found as the most common concomitant injury in 48 cases (72 %). Thirty-one patients (46 %) required interdisciplinary management in the trauma room; maxillofacial surgeons were involved in 27 cases. A total of 35 (52 %) patients were treated surgically, 7 in emergency surgery, thereof. Conclusion Maxillofacial injuries are often associated with a risk of other serious concomitant injuries, in particular traumatic brain injuries. Even though emergency operations are only necessary in rare cases, diagnosis and treatment of such concomitant injuries have the potential to be overlooked or delayed in severely injured patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J Scheyerer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Döring
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Fuchs
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Metzler
- Division of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kai Sprengel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Clement M L Werner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Simmen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Grätz
- Division of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guido A Wanner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
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Balakrishnan K, Ebenezer V, Dakir A, Kumar S, Prakash D. Management of tripod fractures (zygomaticomaxillary complex) 1 point and 2 point fixations: A 5-year review. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2015; 7:S242-7. [PMID: 26015723 PMCID: PMC4439683 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.155937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) plays a key role in the structure, function, and esthetic appearance of the facial skeleton. They can account for approximately 40% of mid-face fractures. They are the second most common facial bone fracture after nasal bone injuries. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. In addition, the fracture components may result in impingement of the temporalis muscle, trismus (difficulty with mastication) and may compromise the infraorbital foramen/nerve resulting in hypesthesia within its sensory distribution. A 4-year retrospective review of all patients treated with ZMC fractures at oral and maxillofacial surgery department, sree balaji dental college and hospital was performed. Computed tomography scans were reviewed. Demographics, treatment protocols, outcomes, complications, reoperations, and length of follow-up were identified. A total of 245 patients was identified by the Current Procedural Terminology codes for ZMC fractures. Closed or open reduction methods were performed with the goal of treatment being preservation of normal facial structure, sensory function, globe position, and mastication functionality. Unacceptably poor surgical outcomes are uncommon. Significant facial asymmetry requiring surgical revision occurs in 3-4% of patients. Postoperative infection rates are extremely low, and these infections nearly always resolve with oral antibiotics. In general, the long-term prognosis after repair of ZMC fractures is very good.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Balakrishnan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijay Ebenezer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abu Dakir
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravana Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Prakash
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Minimal invasive and cost-effective method in reduction of maxillofacial fracture by using a Foley catheter ballooning technique. J Craniofac Surg 2015; 24:e585-8. [PMID: 24220472 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e31829ad3c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to introduce 2 successful cases of orbital inferior wall fracture and maxillary sinus anterior wall fracture using the Foley catheter ballooning technique. One patient is a 43-year-old man with left orbital inferior wall fracture. A window on the sinus was made for visualization, and a Foley catheter was accessed through the natural ostium. The ballooned catheter was inflated to lift the inferior orbital wall rim and stationed for 2 weeks. The window was closed using metal plates and screws. Another patient is a 64-year-old woman with right maxillary sinus anterior wall fracture, nasal fracture, and orbital blow-out fracture. A Foley catheter was accessed through the fractured maxillary sinus and reduced into place and fixed with absorbable plates screws. The technique of stabilization of reduced maxillofacial fractures using a Foley balloon catheter with restorable plates and titanium plates showed stable results. This technique is relatively easy to undergo with minimal or no complications because of reduced operation time. Also, it is cost-effective compared with other materials providing similar results and heightens patient satisfaction.
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Lone P, Singh AP, Kour I, Kumar M. A 2-year retrospective analysis of facial injuries in patients treated at department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, IGGDC, Jammu, India. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2015; 5:149-52. [PMID: 25937724 PMCID: PMC4405955 DOI: 10.4103/0975-5950.154817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The incidence of maxillofacial injuries is on the rise due to motor vehicle accidents and increased incidence of violence in recent times. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence, etiology, and the pattern of fractures in the maxillofacial region. Materials and Methods: After obtaining permission from the concerned authorities, a predesigned questionnaire was used to collect the necessary data from the department. A retrospective analysis of 787 patients, who suffered trauma and were managed in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College (IGGDC), Jammu over a period of 2 years was carried out. Results: Road traffic accident (RTA) was the common cause of maxillofacial injuries. Men sustained more injuries as compared to women. Injuries were most commonly sustained in the age group of 11-40 years, constituting about 76% of all injuries, mandibular fractures were the most common. Conclusion: RTAs were the commonest cause for the maxillofacial injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Lone
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Amrit Pal Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Indumeet Kour
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Misha Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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