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Current insights into the genetics of food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:15-28. [PMID: 33436162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy (FA), a growing public health burden in the United States, and familial aggregation studies support strong roles for both genes and environment in FA risk. Deepening our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving FAs is paramount to improving its prevention, diagnosis, and clinical management. In this review, we document lessons learned from the genetics of FA that have aided our understanding of these mechanisms. Although current genetic association studies suffer from low power, heterogeneity in definition of FA, and difficulty in our ability to truly disentangle FA from food sensitization (FS) and general atopy genetics, they reveal a set of genetic loci, genes, and variants that continue to implicate the importance of barrier and immune function genes across the atopic march, and FA in particular. The largest reported effects on FA are from MALT1 (odds ratio, 10.99), FLG (average odds ratio, ∼2.9), and HLA (average odds ratio, ∼2.03). The biggest challenge in the field of FA genetics is to elucidate the specific mechanism of action on FA risk and pathogenesis for these loci, and integrative approaches including genetics/genomics with transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics will be critical next steps to translating these genetic insights into practice.
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Kostara M, Chondrou V, Sgourou A, Douros K, Tsabouri S. HLA Polymorphisms and Food Allergy Predisposition. J Pediatr Genet 2020; 9:77-86. [PMID: 32341809 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1708521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy (FA) is a growing health problem that affects ∼8% of the children worldwide. Although the prevalence of FA is increasing, the underlying genetic mechanisms responsible for the onset of this immune disorder are not yet clarified. Genetic factors seem to play a leading role in the development of FA, though interaction with environmental factors cannot be excluded. The broader network of genetic loci mediating the risk of this complex disorder remains to be identified. The human leucocyte antigen (HLA) has been associated with various immune disorders, including FA. This review aims to unravel the potential associations between HLA gene functions and the manifestation and outcome of FA disorders. Exploring new aspects of FA development with the perspective to improve our understanding of the multifaceted etiology and the complex biological mechanisms involved in FA is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kostara
- Department of Paediatrics, Ioannina University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Chondrou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
| | - Argyro Sgourou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Douros
- Allergology and Pulmonology Unit, 3rd Pediatric Department, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Tsabouri
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Suaini NHA, Wang Y, Soriano VX, Martino DJ, Allen KJ, Ellis JA, Koplin JJ. Genetic determinants of paediatric food allergy: A systematic review. Allergy 2019; 74:1631-1648. [PMID: 30835860 DOI: 10.1111/all.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic determinants of food allergy have not been systematically reviewed. We therefore systematically reviewed the literature on the genetic basis of food allergy, identifying areas for further investigation. METHODS We searched three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed) on 9 January 2018. Two authors screened retrieved articles for review according to inclusion criteria and extracted relevant information on study characteristics and measures of association. Eligible studies included those that reported an unaffected nonatopic control group, had genetic information and were carried out in children. RESULTS Of the 2088 studies retrieved, 32 met our inclusion criteria. Five were genome-wide association studies, and the remaining were candidate gene studies. Twenty-two of the studies were carried out in a predominantly Caucasian population with the remaining 10 from Asian-specific populations or unspecified ethnicity. We found FLG, HLA, IL10, IL13, as well as some evidence for other variants (SPINK5, SERPINB and C11orf30) that are associated with food allergy. CONCLUSIONS Little genetic research has been carried out in food allergy, with FLG, HLA and IL13 being the most reproducible genes for an association with food allergy. Despite promising results, existing genetic studies on food allergy are inundated with issues such as inadequate sample size and absence of multiple testing correction. Few included replication analyses or population stratification measures. Studies addressing these limitations along with functional studies are therefore needed to unravel the mechanisms of action of the identified genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor H. A. Suaini
- Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Victoria X. Soriano
- Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - David J. Martino
- Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Parkville Victoria Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Katrina J. Allen
- Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Parkville Victoria Australia
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Royal Children's Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Justine A. Ellis
- Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
- Genes, Environment & Complex Disease Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Parkville Victoria Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Jennifer J. Koplin
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Parkville Victoria Australia
- School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
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Orgel K, Smeekens JM, Ye P, Fotsch L, Guo R, Miller DR, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Burks AW, Ferris MT, Kulis MD. Genetic diversity between mouse strains allows identification of the CC027/GeniUnc strain as an orally reactive model of peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:1027-1037.e7. [PMID: 30342892 PMCID: PMC7252586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved animal models are needed to understand the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to food allergy. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess food allergy phenotypes in a genetically diverse collection of mice. METHODS We selected 16 Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse strains, as well as the classic inbred C57BL/6J, C3H/HeJ, and BALB/cJ strains, for screening. Female mice were sensitized to peanut intragastrically with or without cholera toxin and then challenged with peanut by means of oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection and assessed for anaphylaxis. Peanut-specific immunoglobulins, T-cell cytokines, regulatory T cells, mast cells, and basophils were quantified. RESULTS Eleven of the 16 CC strains had allergic reactions to intraperitoneal peanut challenge, whereas only CC027/GeniUnc mice reproducibly experienced severe symptoms after oral food challenge (OFC). CC027/GeniUnc, C3H/HeJ, and C57BL/6J mice all mounted a TH2 response against peanut, leading to production of IL-4 and IgE, but only the CC027/GeniUnc mice reacted to OFC. Orally induced anaphylaxis in CC027/GeniUnc mice was correlated with serum levels of Ara h 2 in circulation but not with allergen-specific IgE or mucosal mast cell protease 1 levels, indicating systemic allergen absorption is important for anaphylaxis through the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, CC027/GeniUnc, but not C3H/HeJ or BALB/cJ, mice can be sensitized in the absence of cholera toxin and react on OFC to peanut. CONCLUSIONS We have identified and characterized CC027/GeniUnc mice as a strain that is genetically susceptible to peanut allergy and prone to severe reactions after OFC. More broadly, these findings demonstrate the untapped potential of the CC population in developing novel models for allergy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Orgel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Johanna M Smeekens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lauren Fotsch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rishu Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Darla R Miller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - A Wesley Burks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Michael D Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC.
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Liu X, Hong X, Tsai HJ, Mestan KK, Shi M, Kefi A, Hao K, Chen Q, Wang G, Caruso D, Geng H, Gao Y, He J, Kumar R, Wang H, Yu Y, Bartell T, Tan XD, Schleimer RP, Weeks DE, Pongracic JA, Wang X. Genome-wide association study of maternal genetic effects and parent-of-origin effects on food allergy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0043. [PMID: 29489655 PMCID: PMC5851764 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous genetic studies of food allergy (FA) have mainly focused on inherited genotypic effects. The role of parental genotypic effects remains largely unexplored. Leveraging existing genome-wide association study (GWAS) data generated from the Chicago Food Allergy Study, we examined maternal genotypic and parent-of-origin (PO) effects using multinomial likelihood ratio tests in 588 complete and incomplete Caucasian FA trios. We identified 1 single nucleotide polymorphism with significant (P < 5×10) maternal effect on any FA (rs4235235), which is located in a noncoding RNA (LOC101927947) with unknown function. We also identified 3 suggestive (P < 5×10) loci with maternal genetic effects: 1 for any FA (rs976078, in a gene desert region on 13q31.1) and 2 for egg allergy (rs1343795 and rs4572450, in the ZNF652 gene, where genetic variants have been associated with atopic dermatitis). Three suggestive loci with PO effect were observed: 1 for peanut allergy (rs4896888 in the ADGB gene) and 2 for any FA in boys only (rs1036504 and rs2917750 in the IQCE gene). Findings from this family-based GWAS of FA provided some preliminary evidence on maternal genotypic or PO effects on FA. Additional family-based studies are needed to confirm our findings and gain new insight into maternal and paternal genetic contribution to FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Karen K. Mestan
- Division of Neonatology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Min Shi
- Biostatistics Branch, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Amira Kefi
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
- Department of Bioinformatics, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Qi Chen
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
| | - Guoying Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Deanna Caruso
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hua Geng
- Department of Pediatrics
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute
| | - Yufeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlin He
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Hongjian Wang
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Yunxian Yu
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tami Bartell
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
| | - Xiao-Di Tan
- Department of Pediatrics
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute
| | - Robert P. Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Daniel E. Weeks
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jacqueline A. Pongracic
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Dimitrov I, Doytchinova I. Associations between Milk and Egg Allergens and the HLA-DRB1/DQ Polymorphism: A Bioinformatics Approach. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 169:33-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000444172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Gonipeta B, Kim E, Gangur V. Mouse models of food allergy: how well do they simulate the human disorder? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:437-52. [PMID: 24915373 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.657807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is a growing health problem with serious concerns due to high potential for fatality. Rapid advances in the knowledge on causes and mechanisms as well as in developing effective prevention/therapeutic strategies are needed. To meet these goals, mouse models that simulate the human disorder are highly desirable. During the past decade, several mouse models of food allergies have been reported. Here, we briefly reviewed the human disorder and then critically evaluated these models seeking answers to the following important questions: To what extent do they simulate the human disorder? What are the strengths and limitations of these models? What are the challenges facing this scientific area? Our analysis suggest that: (i) the mouse models, with inherent strengths and limitations, are available for many major food allergies; there is scope for additional model development and validation; (ii) models mostly simulate the severe forms of human disorder with similar immune and clinical features; (iii) the approaches used to develop some of the mouse models may be questionable; and (iv) the specific mechanisms of sensitization as wells as oral elicitation of fatal reactions in both humans and mice remains incompletely understood and therefore warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Gonipeta
- a Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan , USA
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The evolving story of human leukocyte antigen and the immunogenetics of peanut allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015; 115:471-6. [PMID: 26522257 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peanut allergy (PA) clearly has a heritable component. Specific genetic contributions are unknown, but human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci are obvious candidates. This review focuses on emerging studies of HLA associations with PA. DATA SOURCES PubMed was searched with no time limitations using key terms human leukocyte antigen, HLA, MHC, peanut, peanut hypersensitivity, and peanut allergy. STUDY SELECTIONS Qualifying studies were English-language reports of genetic analyses examining PA and HLA associations. RESULTS Seven relevant citations were identified, which were published from 1996 to 2015. Early studies using candidate gene approaches found associations between PA and HLA-DR and -DQ alleles (HLA-DRB1*08 and DQB1*06:03P) when comparing subjects with peanut allergy with nonallergic unrelated control groups. No significant associations were found between siblings with and without peanut allergy. However, a recent large genomewide association study of patients with peanut allergy and their family members found 2 PA-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs9275596 and rs7192) mapping to regions involving the HLA-DR and HLA-DQ genes. Associations with differential DNA methylation partly mediated the associations between PA and single-nucleotide polymorphisms. CONCLUSION Early studies using candidate gene approaches identified HLA associations with PA compared with the general population, suggesting a link with atopy but failing to identify a PA-specific association. These studies had various limitations that included small samples. The most compelling evidence for a PA-specific HLA association comes from a genomewide association study, which examined the entire genome in large, well-defined, related cohorts. More research is needed to validate and replicate these findings, to perform fine genetic mapping of specific HLA loci, and to demonstrate underlying mechanisms of HLA contributions to PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Berin
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY USA
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10
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Hong X, Hao K, Ladd-Acosta C, Hansen KD, Tsai HJ, Liu X, Xu X, Thornton TA, Caruso D, Keet CA, Sun Y, Wang G, Luo W, Kumar R, Fuleihan R, Singh AM, Kim JS, Story RE, Gupta RS, Gao P, Chen Z, Walker SO, Bartell TR, Beaty TH, Fallin MD, Schleimer R, Holt PG, Nadeau KC, Wood RA, Pongracic JA, Weeks DE, Wang X. Genome-wide association study identifies peanut allergy-specific loci and evidence of epigenetic mediation in US children. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6304. [PMID: 25710614 PMCID: PMC4340086 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy (FA) affects 2–10% of U.S. children and is a growing clinical and public health problem. Here we conduct the first genome-wide association study of well-defined FA, including specific subtypes (peanut, milk, and egg) in 2,759 U.S. participants (1,315 children; 1,444 parents) from the Chicago Food Allergy Study; and identify peanut allergy (PA)-specific loci in the HLA-DR and -DQ gene region at 6p21.32, tagged by rs7192 (p=5.5×10−8) and rs9275596 (p=6.8×10−10), in 2,197 participants of European ancestry. We replicate these associations in an independent sample of European ancestry. These associations are further supported by meta-analyses across the discovery and replication samples. Both single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with differential DNA methylation levels at multiple CpG sites (p<5×10−8); and differential DNA methylation of the HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 genes partially mediate the identified SNP-PA associations. This study suggests that the HLA-DR and -DQ gene region likely poses significant genetic risk for PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Hong
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, E4132, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Christine Ladd-Acosta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Kasper D Hansen
- 1] Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] McKusick-Nathans Insitute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- 1] Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA [2] Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan [3] Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Xin Liu
- 1] Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA [2] Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Timothy A Thornton
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Deanna Caruso
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, E4132, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Corinne A Keet
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Guoying Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, E4132, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Wei Luo
- 1] Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] College of Computer Science and Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Ramsay Fuleihan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Anne Marie Singh
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 61611, USA
| | - Jennifer S Kim
- 1] Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA [2] NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA
| | - Rachel E Story
- 1] Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA [2] NorthShore University Health Systems, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Ruchi S Gupta
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, E4132, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Sheila O Walker
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, E4132, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Tami R Bartell
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - M Daniele Fallin
- Department of Mental Health, Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Robert Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Patrick G Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia; Perth and Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Kari Christine Nadeau
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Robert A Wood
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Jacqueline A Pongracic
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Daniel E Weeks
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- 1] Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, E4132, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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Tsuji M. Useful biomarkers for assessing the adverse health effects of PCBs in allergic children: pediatric molecular epidemiology. Environ Health Prev Med 2015; 20:3-11. [PMID: 25344634 PMCID: PMC4284252 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-014-0419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidences of childhood allergies have been increasing in recent years in many parts of the world. The development of allergic disorders is attributed to a complex series of interactions between individuals' genetic backgrounds and their immune and psychoneurotic responses to environmental factors. Among the various possible environmental causes of childhood allergies, the early exposure of developing infants to air pollutants and the presence of persistent chemical pollutants such as pesticides have been suggested most frequently. Therefore, it is very important to obtain epidemiological evidence of direct associations between clearly defined adverse health effects and exposure to low levels of pollutants. However, there are no useful biomarkers for assessing such associations. Thus, we planned to establish reliable health-related biomarkers that could be used to investigate these relationships in children. The serum concentrations of several sub-types of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were found to be significantly correlated with interleukin (IL)-8 mRNA expression among asthmatic children. In addition, IL-22 mRNA expression was found to be particularly useful for detecting the effects of environmental pollutants, especially PCB congeners, in a sub-population of vulnerable children who exhibited positive immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses to milk or egg. Furthermore, we detected significant differences in IL-22 mRNA expression between the IgE-negative non-asthmatic subjects and the asthmatic children who exhibited positive IgE reactions toward egg or milk. In conclusion, IL-8 and IL-22 mRNA expressions could be useful biomarkers for detecting sub-populations of children who are particularly vulnerable to the adverse health effects of environmental pollutants, especially PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyusyu, 807-8555, Japan,
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12
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Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of allergenic foods and food ingredients for labelling purposes. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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13
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Kontakioti E, Domvri K, Papakosta D, Daniilidis M. HLA and asthma phenotypes/endotypes: a review. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:930-9. [PMID: 24994462 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex chronic inflammatory disease of the airways caused by the interaction of genetic susceptibility with environmental influences. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) represent the most powerful approach for asthma, that have identified several genes (e.g., IL18R1, IL33, SMAD3, ORMDL3, HLA-DQ and IL2RB loci). HLA super-locus is a genomic region in the chromosomal position 6p21. Since no gene can be considered as an asthma gene, able to reflect the complex etiology and the heterogeneity of the disease the terms 'phenotype' and more recently 'endotype' have been used. This review, according to literature availability, focuses on the relationship between human leukocyte antigens (HLA) region specifically the HLA class II genes and different asthma phenotypes/endotypes, such as allergic asthma/Th2 associated, occupational and aspirin-sensitive asthma. The most common HLA haplotypes in the different asthma phenotypes are HLA-DRB1in allergic asthma, HLA-DQB1in occupational asthma and HLA-DPB1 in aspirin-sensitive asthma. However, it is difficult to study the role of class II genes in vivo because of the heterogeneity of human population, the complexity of MHC, and the strong linkage disequilibrium among different class II genes. Despite the variation and the inconsistency of the HLA haplotypes and alleles in different types of asthma, the association between HLA class II genes and asthma has been demonstrated in the majority of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Kontakioti
- Asthma Clinic, Pulmonary Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Exochi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Domvri
- Asthma Clinic, Pulmonary Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Exochi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despina Papakosta
- Asthma Clinic, Pulmonary Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Exochi, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Michail Daniilidis
- Immunology Research Laboratory, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Prickett SR, Voskamp AL, Phan T, Dacumos-Hill A, Mannering SI, Rolland JM, O'Hehir RE. Ara h 1 CD4+ T cell epitope-based peptides: candidates for a peanut allergy therapeutic. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 43:684-97. [PMID: 23711131 PMCID: PMC3709139 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Peanut allergy is a life-threatening condition; there is currently no cure. While whole allergen extracts are used for specific immunotherapy for many allergies, they can cause severe reactions and even fatalities in peanut allergy. Objective To identify short, HLA-degenerate CD4+ T cell epitope-based peptides of the major peanut allergen Ara h 1 that target allergen-specific T cells without causing IgE-mediated inflammatory cell activation, as candidates for safe peanut-specific immunotherapy. Methods Ara h 1-specific CD4+ T cell lines (TCL) were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of peanut-allergic subjects using CFSE-based methodology. T cell epitopes were identified using CFSE and thymidine-based proliferation assays. Epitope HLA-restriction was investigated using blocking antibodies, HLA-genotyping and epitope prediction algorithms. Functional peanut-specific IgE reactivity to peptides was assessed by basophil activation assay. Results A total of 145 Ara h 1-specific TCL were generated from 18 HLA-diverse peanut-allergic subjects. The TCL recognized 20-mer peptides throughout Ara h 1. Nine 20-mers containing the most frequently recognized epitopes were selected and their recognition confirmed in 18 additional peanut-allergic subjects. Ten core epitopes were mapped within these 20-mers. These were HLA-DQ and/or HLA–DR restricted, with each presented on at least two different HLA-molecules. Seven short (≤ 20 aa) non-basophil-reactive peptides encompassing all core epitopes were designed and validated in peanut-allergic donor PBMC T cell assays. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Short CD4+ T cell epitope-based Ara h 1 peptides were identified as novel candidates for a safe, T cell targeted peanut-specific immunotherapy for HLA-diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Prickett
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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15
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Madore AM, Vaillancourt VT, Asai Y, Alizadehfar R, Ben-Shoshan M, Michel DL, Kozyrskyj AL, Becker A, Chan-Yeung M, Clarke AE, Hull P, Daley D, Sandford AJ, Laprise C. HLA-DQB1*02 and DQB1*06:03P are associated with peanut allergy. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 21:1181-4. [PMID: 23443026 PMCID: PMC3778350 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut allergy (PA) is a common and serious food allergy and its prevalence has increased in the past decade. Although there is strong evidence of inheritance, the genetic causes of this disease are not well understood. Previously, a large-scale genome-wide association study described an association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQB1 and asthma; the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between HLA-DQB1 and PA. Genotypic and allelic profiles were established for 311 Caucasian members of a well-described Canadian group of children with PA and 226 Caucasian controls. Firth's logistic regression analyses showed associations between HLA-DQB1 alleles and PA for DQB1*02 (P=1.1 × 10(-8), odds ratio (OR)=0.09 (CI=0.03-0.23)) and DQB1*06:03P alleles (P=2.1 × 10(-2), OR=2.82 (CI=1.48-5.45)). This study of HLA in PA demonstrates specific association between two allelic groups of the HLA-DQB1 gene (DQB1*02 and DQB1*06:03P) and PA, highlighting its possible role in the development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Madore
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
| | - Vanessa T Vaillancourt
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
| | - Yuka Asai
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Reza Alizadehfar
- Division of Clinical Immunology/Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Moshe Ben-Shoshan
- Division of Clinical Immunology/Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Deborah L Michel
- Division of Dermatology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anita L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; School of Public Health University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Allan Becker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Moira Chan-Yeung
- Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ann E Clarke
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and the Division of Clinical Immunology/Allergy, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter Hull
- Division of Dermatology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Denise Daley
- James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart + Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew J Sandford
- James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart + Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Catherine Laprise
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
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16
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Food allergy: an enigmatic epidemic. Trends Immunol 2013; 34:390-7. [PMID: 23648309 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy is a common disease that is rapidly increasing in prevalence for reasons that remain unknown. Current research efforts are focused on understanding the immune basis of food allergy, identifying environmental factors that may contribute to its rising prevalence, and developing immunotherapeutic approaches to establish immune tolerance to foods. Technological advances such as peptide microarray and MHC class II tetramers have begun to provide a comprehensive profile of the immune response to foods. The burgeoning field of mucosal immunology has provided intriguing clues to the role of the diet and the microbiota as risk factors in the development of food allergy. The purpose of this review is to highlight significant gaps in our knowledge that need answers to stem the progression of this disorder that is reaching epidemic proportions.
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17
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Ben-Shoshan M, Turnbull E, Clarke A. Food allergy: temporal trends and determinants. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013; 12:346-72. [PMID: 22723032 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-012-0274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes studies discussing temporal trends in the prevalence of food allergy as well as potential factors associated with the development of food allergy. In addition, we will address the potential hypotheses accounting for the apparent increase in food allergy prevalence. Studies suggest increased prevalence of food allergy. However, relatively little is known about its pathogenesis. This review aims to assess temporal trends in the prevalence of food allergy and discuss potential genetic, environmental, and demographic determinants. The search strategy examined the medical literature database MEDLINE (using PubMed) for the time period of January 1, 2002 to January 31, 2012. In recent decades, the prevalence of food allergy in general has increased by 0.60 % [95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.59 %-0.61 %] and the prevalence of peanut allergy by 0.027 % (95 % CI, 0.026 %-0.028 %), but it has now likely stabilized in developed countries. Genes, the environment, and demographic characteristics play a role in the pathogenesis of food allergy. Numerous environmental and demographic factors as well as gene-environment interactions may account for this increase in prevalence, but further studies are required to tease out their relative contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Ben-Shoshan
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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18
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Brown P, Nair B, Mahajan SD, Sykes DE, Rich G, Reynolds JL, Aalinkeel R, Wheeler J, Schwartz SA. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in key cytokines may modulate food allergy phenotypes. Eur Food Res Technol 2012; 235:971-980. [PMID: 23230389 DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can play a direct or indirect role in phenotypic expression in food allergy pathogenesis. Our goal was to quantitate the expression of SNPs in relevant cytokines that were expressed in food allergic patients. SNPs in cytokine genes IL-4 and IL-10 are known to be important in IgE generation and regulation. We examined IL-4 (C-590T), IL-4Rα (1652A/G) and IL-10 (C-627A) SNPs using real-time PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Our results show that the AA, AG and GG genotypes for IL-4Rα (1652A/G) polymorphisms were statistically different in radioallergosorbent test (RAST) positive versus negative patients, and although no statistically significant differences were observed between genotypes in the IL-4 (C-590T) and IL-10 (C-627A) SNPs, we observed a significant decrease in IL-4 (C-590T) gene expression and increase in IL-4Rα (1652A/G) and IL-10 (C-627A) gene expression between RAST(+) versus RAST(-) patients, respectively. We also observed significant modulation in the protein expression of IL-4 and IL-10 in the serum samples of the RAST(+) patients as compared to the RAST(-) patients indicating that changes in SNP expression resulted in altered phenotypic response in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Brown
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, 640 Ellicott Street, Room 444 Innovation Center, Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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Park H, Ahn K, Park MH, Lee SI. The HLA-DRB1 Polymorphism is Associated With Atopic Dermatitis, but not Egg Allergy in Korean Children. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2012; 4:143-9. [PMID: 22548207 PMCID: PMC3328731 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2012.4.3.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We investigated whether particular HLA-DRB1 polymorphisms contribute to egg allergy development in Korean children with atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods HLA-DRB1 alleles were determined by PCR-sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) and PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) methods in 185 patients with AD and 109 normal control (NC) subjects. AD patients were divided into two groups: 1) AD with egg allergy, consisting of 96 patients with egg allergies as determined by egg-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) reactivity; and 2) AD without egg allergy, consisting of 89 patients without egg allergies. HLA-DRB1 alleles were classified into functional groups (A, De, Dr, E, Q, R, a). HLA-DRB1 phenotype and functional group frequencies in the AD, AD with egg allergy, and AD without egg allergy groups were compared with those in the NC group. Results The frequency of DRB1*08:02 was decreased in the AD with egg allergy group compared with the AD without egg allergy group (2.1% vs. 10.1%, P=0.021), and DRB1*15:01 was increased in the AD with egg allergy group compared with the AD without egg allergy group (22.9% vs. 11.2%, P=0.036). However, significance was lost after Bonferroni correction. HLA-DRB1*11:01 had a significantly higher frequency in AD patients compared with NCs (12.4% vs. 1.8%, corrected P=0.048) and was regarded as a susceptibility factor associated with AD. DRB1*08:03 was decreased in AD patients compared with NCs (10.8% vs. 19.3%, P=0.043). HLA-DRB1 functional group 'a', which includes DRB1*15:01, seemed to be associated with the development of egg allergy in AD (P=0.033), but this result was not significant after Bonferroni correction. Conclusions HLA-DRB1 polymorphism is not associated with egg allergy, but HLA-DRB1*11:01 is associated with AD in Korean children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwayoung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Abstract
Peanut allergy may affect up to 2% of children in some countries, making it one of the most common conditions of childhood. Peanut allergy is a marker of a broad and possibly severe atopic phenotype. Nearly all children with peanut allergy have other allergic conditions. Peanut accounts for a disproportionate number of fatal and near fatal food-related allergies. Families with a child or children with peanut allergy can struggle to adapt to the stringent avoidance measures required. Although oral induction of tolerance represents the cutting edge of peanut allergy management, it is not yet ready for routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan O'B Hourihane
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Clinical Investigations Unit, Cork University Hospital, University College Cork, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
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21
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Brown SJ, Asai Y, Cordell HJ, Campbell LE, Zhao Y, Liao H, Northstone K, Henderson J, Alizadehfar R, Ben-Shoshan M, Morgan K, Roberts G, Masthoff LJN, Pasmans SGMA, van den Akker PC, Wijmenga C, Hourihane JO, Palmer CNA, Lack G, Clarke A, Hull PR, Irvine AD, McLean WHI. Loss-of-function variants in the filaggrin gene are a significant risk factor for peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:661-7. [PMID: 21377035 PMCID: PMC3081065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE-mediated peanut allergy is a complex trait with strong heritability, but its genetic basis is currently unknown. Loss-of-function mutations within the filaggrin gene are associated with atopic dermatitis and other atopic diseases; therefore, filaggrin is a candidate gene in the etiology of peanut allergy. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between filaggrin loss-of-function mutations and peanut allergy. METHODS Case-control study of 71 English, Dutch, and Irish oral food challenge-positive patients with peanut allergy and 1000 non peanut-sensitized English population controls. Replication was tested in 390 white Canadian patients with peanut allergy (defined by food challenge, or clinical history and skin prick test wheal to peanut ≥ 8 mm and/or peanut-specific IgE ≥ 15 kUL(-1)) and 891 white Canadian population controls. The most prevalent filaggrin loss-of-function mutations were assayed in each population: R501X and 2282del4 in the Europeans, and R501X, 2282del4, R2447X, and S3247X in the Canadians. The Fisher exact test and logistic regression were used to test for association; covariate analysis controlled for coexistent atopic dermatitis. RESULTS Filaggrin loss-of-function mutations showed a strong and significant association with peanut allergy in the food challenge-positive patients (P = 3.0 × 10(-6); odds ratio, 5.3; 95% CI, 2.8-10.2), and this association was replicated in the Canadian study (P = 5.4 × 10(-5); odds ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4-2.6). The association of filaggrin mutations with peanut allergy remains significant (P = .0008) after controlling for coexistent atopic dermatitis. CONCLUSION Filaggrin mutations represent a significant risk factor for IgE-mediated peanut allergy, indicating a role for epithelial barrier dysfunction in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Brown
- Epithelial Genetics Group, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
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22
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Prickett SR, Voskamp AL, Dacumos-Hill A, Symons K, Rolland JM, O'Hehir RE. Ara h 2 peptides containing dominant CD4+ T-cell epitopes: candidates for a peanut allergy therapeutic. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 127:608-15.e1-5. [PMID: 21093025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut allergy is a life-threatening condition; there is currently no cure. Although whole allergen extracts are used for specific immunotherapy for many allergies, they can cause severe reactions, and even fatalities, in peanut allergy. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify short, T-cell epitope-based peptides that target allergen-specific CD4(+) T cells but do not bind IgE as candidates for safe peanut-specific immunotherapy. METHODS Multiple CD4(+) T-cell lines specific for the major peanut allergen Ara h 2 were generated from PBMCs of 16 HLA-diverse subjects with peanut allergy by using 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidylester-based methodology. Proliferation and ELISPOT assays were used to identify dominant epitopes recognized by T-cell lines and to confirm recognition by peripheral blood T cells of epitope-based peptides modified for therapeutic production. HLA restriction of core epitope recognition was investigated by using anti-HLA blocking antibodies and HLA genotyping. Serum-IgE peptide-binding was assessed by dot-blot. RESULTS Five dominant CD4(+) T-cell epitopes were identified in Ara h 2. In combination, these were presented by HLA-DR, HLA-DP, and HLA-DQ molecules and recognized by T cells from all 16 subjects. Three short peptide variants containing these T-cell epitopes were designed with cysteine-to-serine substitutions to facilitate stability and therapeutic production. Variant peptides showed HLA-binding degeneracy, did not bind peanut-specific serum IgE, and could directly target T(H)2-type T cells in peripheral blood of subjects with allergy. CONCLUSION Short CD4(+) T-cell epitope-based Ara h 2 peptides were identified as novel candidates for a T-cell-targeted peanut-specific immunotherapy for an HLA-diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Prickett
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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23
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Dreskin SC, Tripputi MT, Aubrey MT, Mustafa SS, Atkins D, Leo HL, Song B, Schlichting D, Talwar H, Wang Q, Freed BM. Peanut-allergic subjects and their peanut-tolerant siblings have large differences in peanut-specific IgG that are independent of HLA class II. Clin Immunol 2010; 137:366-73. [PMID: 20850383 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We enrolled 53 peanut-allergic subjects and 64 peanut-tolerant full siblings, measured peanut-specific IgG and IgE, determined HLA class II at high resolution, and analyzed DRB1 alleles by supertypes. Peanut-specific IgG and IgE were elevated in the peanut-allergic subjects (p<0.0001) but did not stratify with HLA alleles, haplotypes, or supertypes. There were no significant differences in HLA class II between the peanut-allergic and peanut-tolerant siblings but there was an increased frequency of DRB1*0803 in both sets of siblings compared to unrelated controls (p(c)=4.5×10⁻⁹). Furthermore, we identified 14 sibling pairs in which the peanut-allergic and the peanut-tolerant siblings have identical HLA class II and again found an elevation of anti-peanut IgG in the peanut-allergic subjects (p<0.0001). In conclusion, although DRB1*0803 may identify a subset of families with increased risk of peanut allergy, differences in peanut-specific immunoglobulin production between peanut-allergic subjects and their peanut-tolerant siblings are independent of HLA class II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Dreskin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Univ. of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Food allergy, a growing clinical and public health problem in the United States and worldwide, is likely determined by multiple environmental and genetic factors. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in food allergy genetic research. RECENT FINDINGS There is compelling evidence that genetic factors may play a role in food allergy. However, the specific genetic loci that may modulate individual risk of food allergy remain to be identified. To date, only a limited number of candidate gene association studies of food allergy have been reported. Polymorphism(s) in nine genes have been associated with the incidence of food allergy or food allergy severity in at least one study. But most of these findings remain to be replicated in independent populations. In contrast, there are considerable advances in genetics of other allergic diseases such as asthma and atopic dermatitis. Although asthma and atopic dermatitis often coexist with food allergy, the relevance of their candidate genes to food allergy remains to be evaluated. SUMMARY Genetics in food allergy is a promising research area but is still in its infancy. More studies are needed to dissect susceptible genes of food allergy. A genome-wide association approach may serve as a powerful tool to identify novel genes related to food allergy. Furthermore, the role of gene-environment interaction, gene-gene interaction, and epigenetics in food allergy remains largely unexplored. Given the complex nature of food allergy, future studies need to integrate environment, genomics, and epigenomics in order to better understand the multifaceted etiology and biological mechanisms of food allergy.
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Parvataneni S, Birmingham NP, Gonipeta B, Gangur V. Dominant, non-MHC genetic control of food allergy in an adjuvant-free mouse model. Int J Immunogenet 2009; 36:261-7. [PMID: 19624800 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2009.00860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is a potentially fatal immune-mediated disorder with incompletely understood mechanisms. We studied the genetic control of food allergy using major histocompatibility complex-identical mice (H2(s)) and an adjuvant-free method of sensitization. Whereas, transdermal exposure to hazelnut - a model allergenic food, elicited robust IgG1 response in both strains, an IgE response was evident only in A.SW mice. Following oral challenge, only A.SW but not SJL mice exhibited signs of systemic anaphylaxis and hypothermia. In addition, (A.SW x SJL) F1 hybrids exhibited IgE responsiveness, systemic anaphylaxis and hypothermia similar to A.SW, indicating dominant inheritance of these traits. Furthermore, whereas A.SW and F1 mice but not SJL elicited robust interleukin (IL)-4 response, all three strains elicited IL-5 and IL-13 responses by spleen cells. These data demonstrate for the first time, dominant non-MHC genetic control of food allergy and a critical role of IL-4 but not IL-5 or IL-13 in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parvataneni
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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26
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Abstract
Peanut allergy has become a major health concern worldwide, especially in developed countries. However, the reasons for this increasing prevalence over the past several decades are not well understood. Because of the potentially severe health consequences of peanut allergy, those suspected of having had an allergic reaction to peanuts deserve a thorough evaluation. All patients with peanut allergy should be given an emergency management plan, as well as epinephrine and antihistamines to have on hand at all times. Patients and families should be taught to recognise early allergic reactions to peanuts and how to implement appropriate peanut-avoidance strategies. It is imperative that severe, or potentially severe, reactions be treated promptly with intramuscular epinephrine and oral antihistamines. Patients who have had such a reaction should be kept under observation in a hospital emergency department or equivalent for up to 4 h because of the possible development of the late-phase allergic response. This Seminar looks at the changing epidemiology of this allergy--and theories as to the rise in prevalence, diagnosis, and management of the allergy, and potential new treatments and prevention strategies under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wesley Burks
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Sicherer SH, Sampson HA. Peanut allergy: Emerging concepts and approaches for an apparent epidemic. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:491-503; quiz 504-5. [PMID: 17689596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Peanut allergy is typically lifelong, often severe, and potentially fatal. Because reactions can occur from small amounts, the allergy presents patients with significant obstacles to avoid allergic reactions. In North America and the United Kingdom, prevalence rates among schoolchildren are now in excess of 1%, framing an increasing public health concern and raising research questions about environmental, immunologic, and genetic factors that may influence outcomes of peanut allergy. This review focuses on recent observations that continue to question the influences of maternal and infant diet on outcomes of peanut allergy, and explore how peanut may be uniquely suited to induce an allergic response. We highlight studies that affect current diagnosis, management, and the nature of advice that can be provided to patients, including the utility of diagnostic tests, doses that elicit reactions, characteristics of reactions from exposure, issues of cross-reactivity, concerns about peanut contamination of manufactured goods, and the natural course of the allergy. Clinical, molecular, and immunologic advances are reviewed, highlighting research discoveries that influence strategies for improved diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Among the therapeutic strategies reviewed are sublingual and oral immunotherapy, anti-IgE, Chinese herbal medicine, and vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Sicherer
- Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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28
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Outcome measures. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 7:288-90. [PMID: 17489050 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e3281fbd52a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Dreskin SC. Do HLA genes play a role in the genetics of peanut allergy? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006; 96:766-8. [PMID: 16802762 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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