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Bobeica C, Niculet E, Craescu M, Parapiru EL, Corduneanu-Luca AM, Debita M, Pelin AM, Tiutiuca C, Vasile CI, Nicolescu AC, Miulescu M, Balan G, Tatu AL. Immunologic and nonimmunologic sclerodermal skin conditions - review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180221. [PMID: 37600771 PMCID: PMC10432860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Scleroderma-like cutaneous lesions have been found in many pathological conditions and they have the clinical appearance of sclerotic or scleroatrophic lesions. Affected skin biopsies described histopathological changes similar to those of scleroderma located strictly on the skin or those of systemic sclerosis. These skin lesions can be found in inflammatory diseases with autoimmune substrate (generalized morphea, chronic graft versus host disease, eosinophilic fasciitis), tissue storage diseases (scleredema, scleromyxedema, nephrogenyc systemic fibrosis, systemic amyloidosis), metabolic diseases (porphyrya cutanea tarda, phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism, scleredema diabeticorum), progeroid syndromes. Given the multiple etiologies of sclerodermal lesions, a correct differential diagnosis is necessary to establish the appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Bobeica
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Elena Niculet
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR (Centrul Integrat Multidisciplinar de Cercetare de Interfata Dermatologica - CIM-CID), “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Craescu
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR (Centrul Integrat Multidisciplinar de Cercetare de Interfata Dermatologica - CIM-CID), “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Elena-Laura Parapiru
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | | | - Mihaela Debita
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Pelin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Carmen Tiutiuca
- Clinical Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Claudiu Ionut Vasile
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Alin Codrut Nicolescu
- Dermatology Department “Agrippa Ionescu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Magdalena Miulescu
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Balan
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
- Research Center in the Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Alin Laurentiu Tatu
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR (Centrul Integrat Multidisciplinar de Cercetare de Interfata Dermatologica - CIM-CID), “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
- Dermatology Department, “Sf. Cuvioasa Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Galaţi, Romania
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Foti R, De Pasquale R, Dal Bosco Y, Visalli E, Amato G, Gangemi P, Foti R, Ramondetta A. Clinical and Histopathological Features of Scleroderma-like Disorders: An Update. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57111275. [PMID: 34833493 PMCID: PMC8625286 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Scleroderma-like disorders include a set of entities involving cutis, subcutis and, sometimes, even muscular tissue, caused by several pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for different clinical–pathological pictures. The absence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), Raynaud’s phenomenon and capillaroscopic anomalies constitutes an important element of differential diagnosis with systemic sclerosis. When scleroderma can be excluded, on the basis of the main body sites, clinical evolution, any associated pathological conditions and specific histological features, it is possible to make a correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Foti
- Division of Reumathology, A.O.U. “Policlinico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.F.); (Y.D.B.); (E.V.); (G.A.)
| | - Rocco De Pasquale
- U.O. Dermatologia, Ospedale San Marco, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.D.P.); (R.F.)
| | - Ylenia Dal Bosco
- Division of Reumathology, A.O.U. “Policlinico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.F.); (Y.D.B.); (E.V.); (G.A.)
| | - Elisa Visalli
- Division of Reumathology, A.O.U. “Policlinico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.F.); (Y.D.B.); (E.V.); (G.A.)
| | - Giorgio Amato
- Division of Reumathology, A.O.U. “Policlinico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.F.); (Y.D.B.); (E.V.); (G.A.)
| | - Pietro Gangemi
- U.O. Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale San Marco, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Foti
- U.O. Dermatologia, Ospedale San Marco, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.D.P.); (R.F.)
| | - Alice Ramondetta
- U.O. Dermatologia, Ospedale San Marco, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.D.P.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-479-4298
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Bollow M. [Atypical arthritis of the hands : Collagenosis-part 2]. Radiologe 2021; 61:470-482. [PMID: 33792744 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-021-00842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive systemic scleroderma (PSS) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) represent vasculitic autoimmune diseases from the group of collagenoses with manifestations in various organ systems such as the skin, the internal organs and the joints. OBJECTIVE To present the atypical arthritis patterns of the hands in PSS and MCTD that differ from those in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the context of clinical and serologic findings and in consideration of the classification of PSS and MCTD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Narrative review based on the current literature on the subject from the radiological and rheumatological point of view. RESULTS In PSS, combinations of acral soft tissue atrophy, nonreactive acro-osteolysis, and interstitial calcifications can be visualized by projection radiography, which in the final stage can lead to a scleroderma claw hand. Digital pharmacoangiography of the hands can be used to reliably diagnose manifest vascular occlusions of the digital arteries. MCTD is characterized by various overlapping symptoms of at least two systemic autoimmune diseases and most frequently presents in the hand with symmetrical involvement of the PIP (proximal interphalangeal), MCP (metacarpophalangeal) and wrist joints with the manifestation of so-called "puffy fingers". CONCLUSIONS The presented morphological atypical arthritis patterns of the hands in PSS and MCTD differ considerably from the typical patterns in the hands in RA and PsA. MRI is useful to diagnose early stages and pharmacoangiography can be used to differentiate between temporary and manifest digital vascular occlusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bollow
- Klinik für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt Bochum, Bergstraße 26, 44791, Bochum, Deutschland. .,Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland.
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Varjú C, Kumánovics G, Czirják L, Matucci-Cerinic M, Minier T. Sclerodermalike syndromes: Great imitators. Clin Dermatol 2019; 38:235-249. [PMID: 32513403 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sclerodermalike syndromes (SLSs) comprise diseases with mucin deposition (eg, scleromyxedema, scleredema), with eosinophilia (eg, eosinophilic fasciitis), metabolic or biochemical abnormalities (eg, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis), or endocrine disorders (eg, POEMS syndrome, or polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal lymphoproliferative disorder, and hypothyroidism). Chronic graft-versus-host disease may also show sclerodermalike skin changes. Inherited progeria syndromes with early aging (eg, Werner syndrome) and a heterogeneous group of hereditary disorders with either skin thickening (eg, stiff skin syndrome) or atrophy and tightening (eg, acrogeria) can also imitate classic systemic sclerosis (SSc). In addition, SLSs can be provoked by several drugs, chemicals, or even physical injury (eg, trauma, vibration stress, radiation). In SLSs, the distribution of skin involvement seems to be atypical compared with SSc. The acral skin involvement is usually missing, and lack of Raynaud phenomenon, scleroderma-specific antinuclear antibodies, the absence of scleroderma capillary pattern, and internal organ manifestations indicate the presence of an SLS. Skin involvement is sometimes nodular, and the underlying tissues can also be affected. For the differential diagnosis, a skin biopsy of the deeper layers including fascia and muscle is required. Histology does not always allow differentiation between SSc and SLSs; therefore, the diagnosis is often based on the distribution, quality of cutaneous involvement, and other accompanying clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Varjú
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Pécs Clinical Center, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kumánovics
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Pécs Clinical Center, Pecs, Hungary
| | - László Czirják
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Pécs Clinical Center, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Florence, Italy
| | - Tünde Minier
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Pécs Clinical Center, Pecs, Hungary.
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5
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Abstract
Cutaneous fibrosing disorders encompass a diverse array of diseases united by the presence of varying degrees of dermal sclerosis. The quality and distribution of skin involvement, presence or absence of systemic complications and unique associated laboratory abnormalities often help to distinguish between these diseases. It is imperative that an effort is made to accurately differentiate between scleroderma and its mimics, in order to guide long-term management and facilitate implementation of the appropriate treatment modality where indicated.
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6
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Marie I, Gehanno JF. Environmental risk factors of systemic sclerosis. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 37:463-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Khayat R, Dupuy A, Pansé I, Bagot M, Cordoliani F. Lésions sclérodermiformes dans la porphyrie cutanée tardive : six observations. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2013; 140:589-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2013.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Shen M, Ng SC. Multiple Myeloma Masquerades as Rheumatic Diseases. PROCEEDINGS OF SINGAPORE HEALTHCARE 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/201010581302200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Swee Cheng Ng
- Department of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
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Jun JH, Kim HY, Jung HJ, Lee WJ, Lee SJ, Kim DW, Kim MB, Kim BS. Parry-romberg syndrome with en coup de sabre. Ann Dermatol 2011; 23:342-7. [PMID: 21909205 PMCID: PMC3162264 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2011.23.3.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) is a relatively rare degenerative disorder that is poorly understood. PRS is characterized by slowly progressing atrophy affecting one side of the face, and is frequently associated with localized scleroderma, especially linear scleroderma, which is known as en coup de sabre. This is a report of the author's experiences with PRS accompanying en coup de sabre, and a review of the ongoing considerable debate associated with these two entities. Case 1 was a 37-year-old woman who had right hemifacial atrophy with unilateral en coup de sabre for seven years. Fat grafting to her atrophic lip had been conducted, and steroid injection had been performed on the indurated plaque of the forehead. Case 2 was a 29-year-old woman who had suffered from right hemifacial atrophy and bilateral en coup de sabre for 18 years. Surgical corrections such as scapular osteocutaneous flap and mandible/maxilla distraction showed unsatisfying results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hun Jun
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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10
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Kroft EBM, Berkhof NJG, van de Kerkhof PCM, Gerritsen RMJP, de Jong EMGJ. Ultraviolet A phototherapy for sclerotic skin diseases: a systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 59:1017-30. [PMID: 18835066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2008] [Revised: 07/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) A-1 phototherapy is now available for a variety of skin diseases. Increasingly since 1995, there have been investigations of the efficacy of UVA-1 (340-400 nm) therapy for sclerotic skin diseases. Most studies undertaken treated patients who had localized scleroderma, but UVA-1 phototherapy is currently also used for other sclerotic skin conditions. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the efficacy, biological effects, and side effects of UVA-1 in a variety of sclerotic skin diseases (localized scleroderma, eosinophilic fasciitis, chronic graft-versus-host disease, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, scleredema adultorum, necrobiosis lipoidica, POEMS disease, pansclerotic porphyria cutanea tarda, and drug-induced scleroderma-like disorders). METHODS The authors searched for publications dated between January 1996 and November 2007 in the computerized bibliographic database, PubMed. PubMed was searched using medical subject heading terms and open searches to retrieve the latest reports. RESULTS The evidence based on research concerning the effect of full-spectrum UVA (320-400 nm) and UVA-1 on these skin diseases is still growing, and appears promising. Up until now, good results are shown for all different doses (low, medium, and high) UVA-1 and UVA. There are insufficient data regarding use of high-dose UVA-1 and there are no comparative studies to make a clear assessment regarding the superiority of low-, medium-, or high-dose UVA-1 therapy. Although UVA-1 has various effects on, for instance, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells, the precise mode of action remains obscure. The main short-term side effects of UVA-1 therapy are erythema, pruritus, xerosis cutis, tanning, and recrudescence of herpes simplex infection. More studies are warranted to investigate the potential long-term risk of photoaging and skin cancer. Currently, UVA-1 is considered to be less carcinogenic than psoralen plus UVA (PUVA). LIMITATIONS Because of the limited availability of randomized controlled trials and large cohort studies, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions on the long-term efficacy, optimum dose, and best treatment regimens for UVA-1 when administered to patients with sclerosing skin disorders. CONCLUSIONS Full-spectrum UVA and UVA-1 phototherapy seem effective in the treatment of sclerotic skin diseases based on data retrieved from the literature. UVA-1 treatment can shorten the active period of localized scleroderma and pseudoscleroderma and prevent further disease progression, including contractures. Further investigations will be needed to determine any additional biological effects of UVA-1. Although long-term side effects are not yet known, UVA-1 might develop into a promising beneficial and well-tolerated treatment in the therapeutic armamentarium for sclerotic skin diseases. Long-term studies in large groups of patients are clearly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth B M Kroft
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Foti R, Leonardi R, Rondinone R, Di Gangi M, Leonetti C, Canova M, Doria A. Scleroderma-like disorders. Autoimmun Rev 2008; 7:331-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Zulli R, De Vecchi M, Nicosia F, Ferrari V, Grassi V. Singular coexistence of anti-Hu syndrome, finger clubbing and pseudoscleroderma in small cell lung cancer. Intern Emerg Med 2007; 2:149-51. [PMID: 17634824 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-007-0046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Sclerosing conditions of the skin are manifested by a full spectrum of presentations that includes skin-limited forms as well as those which can involve internal organs and result in death. At this point, we are just beginning to understand the mechanisms of tissue fibrosis, and it is likely that the fibrotic processes are a heterogeneous group of disorders in which perturbation of multiple molecular pathways, including vascular and immunologically mediated pathways, can lead to fibrosis. We now have some moderately effective therapies for vascular aspects of systemic sclerosis (eg, bosentan for pulmonary arterial hypertension, calcium-channel blockers for Raynaud's, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for renal crisis). We also are beginning to find treatments interrupting the immunologic pathways that manifest as systemic sclerosis (eg, methotrexate for the skin or cyclophosphamide for the lungs). The basic process of fibrosis, however, awaits proven, effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorinda Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA
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14
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Abstract
In the period 1994-2002, we saw 71 patients with sclerotic skin changes; 66 were diagnosed with systemic sclerosis (SSc) while five (7%) were diagnosed with pseudoscleroderma associated with various malignancies. The mean duration of disease in these five patients was significantly shorter than that of patients with SSc. The incidence of positive antinuclear antibodies, Raynaud's phenomenon or oesophageal involvement in patients with pseudoscleroderma was significantly lower than that in patients with SSc. The distributions of skin sclerosis varied in each case. Serum basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) levels in the five patients with pseudoscleroderma were very elevated compared with levels in controls. Elevated expression of bFGF was detected on fibroblasts of affected skin and in one lung-cancer tissue sample obtained by excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kikuchi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Paprocka J, Jamroz E, Adamek D, Marszal E, Mandera M. Difficulties in differentiation of Parry-Romberg syndrome, unilateral facial sclerodermia, and Rasmussen syndrome. Childs Nerv Syst 2006; 22:409-15. [PMID: 16247619 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-005-1262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parry-Romberg syndrome (progressive facial hemiatrophy) is a unilateral, slowly progressive atrophy affecting the skin, subcutaneous tissues, muscles, and bones. The relationship between Parry-Romberg syndrome and connective tissue disorders, especially scleroderma en coup de sabre, is still unclear. The neurological symptoms, including epilepsy, migraine, and brain lesion, on neuroimaging may be similar. Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is connected with chronic inflammation and damage of one hemisphere. Clinically, it is manifested by epileptic partial seizures and unilateral neurological symptoms. CASE REPORT The authors present the case of a 10-year-old girl with features suggestive of RE, with refractory partial motor dextrolateral seizures followed by development of hemiparesis and with progressive intellectual deterioration. At the age of 2 years, some changes on the left part of the face typical of Parry-Romberg syndrome or a linear form of scleroderma were noticed. DISCUSSION The authors discussed the difficulties in differential diagnosis in that patient. The presented girl constitute the case from the borderline zone of the aforementioned disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Paprocka
- Departament of Pediatric Neurology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
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Sommer A, Gambichler T, Bacharach-Buhles M, von Rothenburg T, Altmeyer P, Kreuter A. Clinical and serological characteristics of progressive facial hemiatrophy: A case series of 12 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 54:227-33. [PMID: 16443052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Revised: 09/29/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive facial hemiatrophy (PFH) is characterized by a slowly progressive atrophy of soft tissues and in some cases bony structures. Coexisting features of localized scleroderma (LS) are commonly observed, indicating the close nature of both disorders. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate clinical, serological, and radiographic findings in PFH from 278 patients with LS and to discuss the relationship to linear scleroderma en coup de sabre (LSCS). METHOD A total of 12 patients with PFH were retrospectively evaluated on the basis of clinical, serological, and radiographic findings. RESULTS Five patients (42%) presented with complete PFH, and 7 patients (58%) with partial PFH involving either cheek or forehead. Five of the patients (42%) had a coexisting LSCS lesion, and 3 of them (25%) had concomitant LS of the trunk. Intraoral involvement was present in 6 cases. Neurological involvement was common, in particular, epileptic seizures. Serologic investigations showed neither evidence for infection with Borrelia burgdorferi nor any other indication of underlying systemic immunological disorders. LIMITATIONS There were a relatively small number of patients in a retrospective study. CONCLUSION The reported cases suggest a close relationship between PFH and LSCS. PFH might appear as two different subtypes, one involving cutaneous structures and presenting with clinical features similar to LSCS, one being strictly restricted to subcutaneous structures, primarily affecting the cheek area. The manifold clinical features of central nervous system involvement indicate the pathogenetic importance of neurological involvement in the development of PFH. Magnetic resonance imaging should be included in the tools of standard diagnostic procedures in patients with PFH. The etiologic relevance of autoimmunity as well as preceding trauma should be investigated in larger collective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sommer
- Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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17
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Abstract
Connective tissue diseases are a heterogeneous group of chronic multisystem inflammatory disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), dermato- (DM) and polymyositis (PM), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Patients can present with similar clinical features, particularly during the first onset of symptoms, which frequently makes the diagnosis of a specific disease difficult. The incidence of connective tissue diseases is much lower in children than adults; however, the clinical picture is more variable. Clinical signs, such as fatigue, fever, or weight loss, may precede any systemic organ involvement and in children, mucocutaneous manifestations develop most frequently during the varying disease course. This review summarizes recent information on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures, and treatment strategies of the different connective tissue diseases, concentrating on specific problems in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gensch
- Hautklinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf
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18
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Abstract
Scleroderma is characterized by major clinical symptoms, but a number of unrelated disease may mimic these features more or less completely. Even scleroderma itself sometimes presents in an unusual manner. This article deals with uncommon presentations of true scleroderma and its variants and pseudo -scleroderma diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe-Frithjof Haustein
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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19
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Abstract
We describe a 4-year-old girl with hemifacial atrophy. She had a linear white-colored sclerotic plaque on the right submandibular area of skin. Histologic findings of the lesion were consistent with a diagnosis of scleroderma. The relationship between progressive facial hemiatrophy and linear scleroderma are discussed. We think that linear scleroderma of childhood and hemifacial atrophy have considerable clinical overlap and these two syndromes appear to be manifestations of the same or related pathogenic processes. Recently, the beneficial effects of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) were reported in adults and in children with linear scleroderma. We assessed the efficacy of oral calcitriol treatment in our patient. Our result indicates that calcitriol may be an effective agent for treating localized scleroderma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Dervis
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Haseki, Istanbul University, Turkey
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Dziadzio M, Anastassiades CP, Hawkins PN, Potter M, Gabrielli A, Brough GM, Black CM, Denton CP. From scleredema to AL amyloidosis: disease progression or coincidence? Review of the literature. Clin Rheumatol 2005; 25:3-15. [PMID: 15742120 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-004-1076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2004] [Accepted: 11/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Scleredema (also called scleredema of Buschke) is a fibromucinous connective tissue disorder of unknown cause that belongs to a group of scleroderma-like disorders. We report the case of a 64-year-old lady with long-standing scleredema, associated with a paraprotein, and progressing to multiple myeloma and AL amyloidosis. The relationship of scleredema with paraprotein and multiple myeloma is well established, but only two cases of scleredema associated with amyloidosis have been reported to date. We suggest that amyloidosis may be underdiagnosed in patients with scleredema and paraproteinaemia. Features attributed to extracutaneous manifestations of scleredema could represent systemic amyloidosis. We review published reports of scleredema associated with paraprotein and discuss the difficulties in the differential diagnosis of scleroderma-like disorders. We discuss the diagnosis of plasma cell dyscrasias and amyloidosis and their relevance in rheumatology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dziadzio
- Centre for Rheumatology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW 32PF, UK
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21
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Jablonska S, Blaszczyk M. Stiff skin syndrome is highly heterogeneous, and congenital fascial dystrophy is its distinct subset. Pediatr Dermatol 2004; 21:508-10. [PMID: 15283804 DOI: 10.1111/j.0736-8046.2004.21422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Abstract
A man with phenylketonuria who was reported to have lichen sclerosus et atrophicus at age 16 years presented to our institution 35 years later with large confluent areas of atrophy. Although sclerodermatous changes have been described in children with phenylketonuria, this case offers a longitudinal view of the progression of skin lesions in a middle-aged man with phenylketonuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie M Belloso
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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23
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Terheyden P, Becker JC, Lurz C, Kahaly GJ, Bröcker EB. Treatment of scleromyxoedema with hydroxychloroquine. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2003; 1:30-5. [PMID: 16285290 DOI: 10.1046/j.1610-0387.2003.t01-1-02502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scleromyxoedema is a rare disease of unknown aetiology that is characterized by deposition of mucin and sclerotic induration of the skin; it is associated with paraproteinaemia. Patients suffer from progressive disability due to immobilization and cosmetic disfigurement. Treatment of scleromyxoedema is a therapeutic challenge. The antimalarial hydroxychloroquine has a rapid and reliable effect in reticular erythematous mucinosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Four consecutive patients (two women, two men; median age: 50 years) with scleromyxoedema, three of them with IgG lambda paraprotein, were treated with hydroxychloroquine. Treatment was initiated with 600 mg p.o. for 10 days, followed by 400 mg for at least 4 weeks, and 200 mg thereafter. RESULTS Complete remission of skin manifestations was achieved in one patient, whereas three patients achieved a partial remission of 61+, 5 and 25 months' duration. Notably, three patients felt increased mobility and reduced firmness of skin during the first week of treatment, which was reflected in a rapid reduction in dermal thickness. In one patient, dysphagia was reverted as evidenced by normalization of oesophageal clearance. Paraproteinaemia was not influenced at all. Side effects included one case of electroretinogram abnormalities after 19 months of therapy and one case of leucopenia after 3 months. CONCLUSION Hydroxychloroquine is an effective form of therapy for scleromyxoedema, leading to rapid and prolonged alleviation of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Terheyden
- Department of Dermatology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra N Sehgal
- Dermato-Venereology (Skin/VD) Centre, Sehgal Nursing Home, Panchwati, Azadpur, Delhi, India.
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25
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Abstract
Juvenile scleroderma is a rare disease of childhood. The 2 main forms are localised and systemic scleroderma, although the pathogenesis of both forms is still unclear. The main clinical characteristic is the presence of skin sclerosis. Localised scleroderma can be divided into 3 different subtypes: morphoea, linear scleroderma and 'coup de sabre' lesions. The incidence is 0.2 to 0.4 per 100,000. 25 to 40% of patients are rheumatoid factor positive and 23 to 67% antinuclear antibody positive. An increased number of eosinophils occur in 31% of patients. Systemic sclerosis is an even rarer disease; approximately 10% of patients evolve the disease before the age of 18 years. The clinical presentation and disease course differ from the adult disease. This is reflected in the much better outcome. With regard to therapeutic options, there is still no gold standard for either form of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Foeldvari
- Paediatric Rheumatology Clinic, AK-Eilbek, Hamburg, Germany
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26
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Gambichler T, Kreuter A, Hoffmann K, Bechara FG, Altmeyer P, Jansen T. Bilateral linear scleroderma "en coup de sabre" associated with facial atrophy and neurological complications. BMC DERMATOLOGY 2001; 1:9. [PMID: 11741509 PMCID: PMC61032 DOI: 10.1186/1471-5945-1-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2001] [Accepted: 12/04/2001] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linear scleroderma "en coup de sabre" (LSCS) usually affects one side of the face and head in the frontoparietal area with band-like indurated skin lesions. The disease may be associated with facial hemiatrophy. Various ophthalmological and neurological abnormalities have been observed in patients with LSCS. We describe an unusual case of LSC. CASE PRESENTATION A 23 year old woman presented bilateral LSCS and facial atrophy. The patient had epileptic seizures as well as oculomotor and facial nerve palsy on the left side which also had pronounced skin involvement. Clinical features of different stages of the disease are presented. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the presented patient with bilateral LSCS and facial atrophy provide further evidence for a neurological etiology of the disease and may also indicate that classic progressive facial hemiatrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome) and LSCS actually represent different spectra of the same disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Gambichler
- Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, D-44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Kreuter
- Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, D-44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus Hoffmann
- Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, D-44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Falk G Bechara
- Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, D-44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Altmeyer
- Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, D-44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Jansen
- Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, D-44791, Bochum, Germany
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27
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Abstract
Sclerodermatous chronic graft vs. host disease is a well-documented complication of bone marrow transplantation, however has not previously been described in the radiology literature. We present the imaging findings of this disease including the ability to identify active disease and aid in clinical management.
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MESH Headings
- Abdominal Muscles/diagnostic imaging
- Abdominal Muscles/pathology
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage
- Adult
- Chronic Disease
- Follow-Up Studies
- Graft vs Host Disease/diagnosis
- Graft vs Host Disease/drug therapy
- Graft vs Host Disease/etiology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
- Male
- Scleroderma, Localized/diagnostic imaging
- Scleroderma, Localized/pathology
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Severity of Illness Index
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
- Transplantation, Homologous/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dumford
- NHS-Department of Radiology, 981045 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1045, USA.
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28
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29
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Fidzianska A, Jablonska S. Congenital fascial dystrophy: abnormal composition of the fascia. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 43:797-802. [PMID: 11050583 DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2000.107961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A scleroderma-like genetic disease, congenital fascial dystrophy, probably a variant of stiff skin syndrome described by Esterly and McKusick, was found to be related to genetically determined fascial abnormalities. Our previous electronmicroscopic study disclosed as a main pathologic finding presence of giant amianthoid-like collagen fibrils in the affected fascia. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to disclose the collagen abnormalities in the affected and control fascias and in the patient's fibroblast cultures derived from the skin and fascia. METHODS The study was performed by histologic, immunohistochemical, and electronmicroscopic techniques. Immunohistochemical studies were done with the use of monoclonal antibodies: anti-collagens I, III, IV, and VI, anti-laminin, anti-fibronectin, anti-desmin, anti-spectrin, anti-vimentin, anti-laminin, anti-heparan sulfate, and anti-alpha-actinin. Electronmicroscopic studies were performed on the fascia sections and on cultured fibroblasts. RESULTS The main abnormality leading to giant collagen fibril formation was presence of myofibroblasts, absence of collagen III, and overproduction of spectrin and collagen type VI, mainly its filamentous form. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the abnormal composition of the fascia could depend on modulation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts capable of producing spectrin and long-spacing collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fidzianska
- Department of Neurology, Warsaw School of Medicine, Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw
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30
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Sgonc R, Gruschwitz MS, Boeck G, Sepp N, Gruber J, Wick G. Endothelial cell apoptosis in systemic sclerosis is induced by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity via CD95. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2000; 43:2550-62. [PMID: 11083280 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200011)43:11<2550::aid-anr24>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apoptosis of endothelial cells is a key event in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). The aim of the present study was to analyze in vitro the mechanism causing endothelial cell apoptosis in SSc. METHODS Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured with native or heat-inactivated serum from SSc patients or controls with or without interleukin-2-activated natural killer (NK) cells or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. SSc and control sera were tested for the presence or absence, respectively, of anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) by indirect immunofluorescence. Apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL technique. RESULTS Native sera alone had no effect. Apoptosis induction was observed on HDMEC, but not on HUVEC, in the presence of AECA-positive SSc sera and activated NK cells, and could be inhibited by an anti-Fas ligand antibody. Inhibition of the perforin/granzyme pathway with concanamycin A had no effect on apoptosis induction in this in vitro model. Immunofluorescence analysis of cryosections from SSc skin showed Fas (CD95) expression by endothelial cells, supporting the in vitro findings. CONCLUSION The results suggest that endothelial cell apoptosis in SSc is induced by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity via the Fas pathway. These data not only provide insight into the pathogenesis of SSc, but also may open new ways to rational therapy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sgonc
- University of Innsbruck Medical School, Austria
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31
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Querfeld C, Sollberg S, Huerkamp C, Eckes B, Krieg T. Pseudoscleroderma associated with lung cancer: correlation of collagen type I and connective tissue growth factor gene expression. Br J Dermatol 2000; 142:1228-33. [PMID: 10848753 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoscleroderma as a paraneoplastic syndrome is a rare disease. We report here a patient with lung cancer (undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma), who developed acrosclerosis. Using in situ hybridization, marked expression of alpha1(I)-collagen and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mRNA was found in fibroblasts scattered throughout the dermis. However, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 expression was not detected. The pattern of CTGF gene expression and collagen synthesis was similar to that in systemic scleroderma. The absence of TGF-beta1 mRNA could indicate that tumour-derived factors induce the expression of CTGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Querfeld
- Department of Dermatology, University of Köln, Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, D-50924 Köln, Germany
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