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Liu SS, Park L, Karim R, Serralta V, Ciocca G, Susa JS, Hanly A, Karai LJ. Primary localized cutaneous lichen myxedematosus with light chain-restricted plasma cells: A distinct variant of the localized form of lichen myxedematosus. J Cutan Pathol 2024. [PMID: 38699948 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Lichen myxedematosus (LM) is a chronic cutaneous mucinosis that can present as a localized skin lesion or as a generalized systemic disease termed scleromyxedema. The differential diagnosis is determined by a combination of clinical presentation, serological studies, and histopathological examination. Currently, well-established and accepted histopathological features to distinguish localized LM from scleromyxedema have not been elucidated. Our recent publication, together with a retrospective literature review, suggests that the presence of groups of light chain-restricted plasma cells represents a distinct histopathological clue for the diagnosis of localized LM. In this report, we provide two additional cases of localized LM with lambda light chain-restricted plasma cells, together with clinical and histopathological findings that are similar to our previous publication. These cases support our theory that the light chain-restricted plasmacytic microenvironment is primarily attributed to the pathogenesis of localized LM. Therefore, we consider these cases to constitute a clinically and pathologically new variant of localized LM and name it primary localized cutaneous LM with light chain-restricted plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo S Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lily Park
- Department of Dermatology, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rehan Karim
- Department of Dermatology, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph S Susa
- Global Pathology, Sonic Healthcare USA, Miami Lakes, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew Hanly
- Global Pathology, Sonic Healthcare USA, Miami Lakes, Florida, USA
| | - Laszlo J Karai
- Department of Dermatology, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, Florida, USA
- Global Pathology, Sonic Healthcare USA, Miami Lakes, Florida, USA
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2
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Li Y, Wang H, Wang A, Zhao G. Dermato-neuro syndrome after COVID-19 infection in a patient with scleromyxoedema: Previously successful treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins. J Dermatol 2024; 51:140-144. [PMID: 37830263 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Scleromyxedema (SMX) is a rare disease of unknown cause. It is a chronic, progressive, metabolic disorder characterized by a generalized papular and scleroderma-like rash, as well as a subtype of lichen myxedematosus. Dermato-neuro syndrome (DNS) is a rare neurological complication of SMX. It has flu-like prodromal symptoms; consists of a triad of fever, coma, and seizures; and can be life-threatening. We describe a patient with SMX complicated by DNS after infection with COVID-19. Her symptoms resolved after treatment with acyclovir and low-dose glucocorticoids, suggesting that DNS seizures may have a viral cause. Her skin lesions also improved after seven courses of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, confirming that intravenous immunoglobulin is effective in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Dermatology, ZiBo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, ZiBo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, ZiBo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Guowei Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, ZiBo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
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3
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Zhang D, Sable K, Miller A, Hinshaw M, Schmidt T, Shields BE. Granulomatous variant of scleromyxedema successfully treated with topical ruxolitinib, dapsone and intravenous immunoglobulin. JAAD Case Rep 2023; 42:78-83. [PMID: 38156097 PMCID: PMC10753040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kimberly Sable
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Allison Miller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Molly Hinshaw
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Timothy Schmidt
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Bridget E. Shields
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Bobeica C, Niculet E, Craescu M, Parapiru EL, Corduneanu-Luca AM, Debita M, Pelin AM, Tiutiuca C, Vasile CI, Nicolescu AC, Miulescu M, Balan G, Tatu AL. Immunologic and nonimmunologic sclerodermal skin conditions - review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180221. [PMID: 37600771 PMCID: PMC10432860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Scleroderma-like cutaneous lesions have been found in many pathological conditions and they have the clinical appearance of sclerotic or scleroatrophic lesions. Affected skin biopsies described histopathological changes similar to those of scleroderma located strictly on the skin or those of systemic sclerosis. These skin lesions can be found in inflammatory diseases with autoimmune substrate (generalized morphea, chronic graft versus host disease, eosinophilic fasciitis), tissue storage diseases (scleredema, scleromyxedema, nephrogenyc systemic fibrosis, systemic amyloidosis), metabolic diseases (porphyrya cutanea tarda, phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism, scleredema diabeticorum), progeroid syndromes. Given the multiple etiologies of sclerodermal lesions, a correct differential diagnosis is necessary to establish the appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Bobeica
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Elena Niculet
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR (Centrul Integrat Multidisciplinar de Cercetare de Interfata Dermatologica - CIM-CID), “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Craescu
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR (Centrul Integrat Multidisciplinar de Cercetare de Interfata Dermatologica - CIM-CID), “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Elena-Laura Parapiru
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | | | - Mihaela Debita
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Pelin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Carmen Tiutiuca
- Clinical Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Claudiu Ionut Vasile
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Alin Codrut Nicolescu
- Dermatology Department “Agrippa Ionescu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Magdalena Miulescu
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Balan
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
- Research Center in the Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Alin Laurentiu Tatu
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR (Centrul Integrat Multidisciplinar de Cercetare de Interfata Dermatologica - CIM-CID), “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
- Dermatology Department, “Sf. Cuvioasa Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Galaţi, Romania
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5
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Wang SS, Chen QY, Xiang LH. Case report: Scleromyxedema associated with a monoclonal gammapathy: Successful treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1099918. [PMID: 36713453 PMCID: PMC9880447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1099918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Scleromyxedema is a rare idiopathic fibromucinous disorder characterized by a generalized papular and sclerodermoid cutaneous eruption. Patients often have praraproteinemia and extracutaneous, even lethal, manifestations. Yet the prognostic and therapeutic features of scleromyxedema are poorly documented. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), used either alone or in conjunction with systemic steroids and/or thalidomide, has been suggested as a first-line treatment. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman diagnosed with scleromyxedema with paraproteinemia that initially did not respond to systemic steroids, retinoids, and thalidomide but greatly improvement in terms of systemic and cutaneous symptoms after treatment with IVIG.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Berumen-Glinz C, Quijada-Ucelo Z, Hernandez-Ramirez H, De Anda-Juárez M, Vega-Memije E. Combination of Medical and Surgical Treatment in Scleromyxedema. Cureus 2022; 14:e32729. [PMID: 36686085 PMCID: PMC9850859 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Scleromyxedema is an uncommon and progressive fibromucinous disorder characterized by disseminated papular eruption with histological features of dermal mucin deposition. The skin changes associated with this disease are highly visible and they tend to affect the patient's quality of life. We report a case of a 50-year-old male patient that presented a 3-year-old history of disseminated asymptomatic firm papules-associated systemic symptoms. Medical treatment with oral corticosteroid and thalidomide was indicated and surgical treatment on residual facial folds was performed, with an excellent outcome.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Michelle
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California
| | - Sara Sabeti
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California
| | - Katerina Yale
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California
| | - Brittany Urso
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California
| | - Bonnie Lee
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California
| | - Janellen Smith
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California
- Correspondence to: Janellen Smith, MD, Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, 1 Medical Plaza Dr, Irvine, CA 92697.
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8
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Fritz M, Tinker D, Wessel AW, Morris GM, Goldenberg L, Fesler M, Rukmangadachar L, Hurley MY. SARS-CoV-2: A potential trigger of dermato-neuro syndrome in a patient with scleromyxedema. JAAD Case Rep 2021; 18:99-102. [PMID: 34778497 PMCID: PMC8571101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mike Fritz
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Daniel Tinker
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alex W Wessel
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gabriela M Morris
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Linda Goldenberg
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, & Cellular Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark Fesler
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, & Cellular Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - M Yadira Hurley
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Furci A, Del Giglio M, Bellinato F, Colato C, Girolomoni G. Coexistence of scleromyxedema and Sneddon syndrome. JAAD Case Rep 2021; 11:47-50. [PMID: 33912636 PMCID: PMC8063706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Furci
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Micol Del Giglio
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Bellinato
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Colato
- Section of Pathology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giampiero Girolomoni
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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10
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Win H, Gowin K. Treatment of scleromyxedema with lenalidomide, bortezomib and dexamethasone: A case report and review of the literature. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:3043-3049. [PMID: 33363876 PMCID: PMC7752349 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Scleromyxedema is a rare and progressive disease that currently has no standard treatment. Triplet therapy with lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone can be an effective therapy for scleromyxedema, especially in patients with refractory or relapsed disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hninyee Win
- Department of MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Krisstina Gowin
- Department of Hematology and OncologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
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Taha RY, Hasan S, Ibrahim F, Chantran Y, Sabah HE, Sivaraman S, Bozom IA, Sabbagh AA, Garderet L, Omri HE. Characterization of circulating myeloma tumor cells by next generation flowcytometry in scleromyxedema patient: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20726. [PMID: 32629647 PMCID: PMC7337479 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scleromyxedema (rare cutaneous mucinosis), is characterized by the formation of lichenoid papules and presence of Serum monoclonal IgG in most cases, or all; after repeated testing. PATIENT CONCERNS The patient is a 51-year-old male presented with thick, disfiguring elephant-like erythematous skin folds over the forehead, papular shiny eruptions over ears and trunk and waxy erythematous papules over arms and hands without dysphagia or respiratory or neurologic symptoms DIAGNOSIS: : Skin biopsy from right arm was consistent with scleromyxedema. Serum cryoglobulin was reported negative. Complete blood count and routine blood biochemistry were normal. Thyroid function tests were normal. Serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation showed monoclonal band of 14.5 g/L typed as IgG lambda. INTERVENTIONS Our patient was refractory to lenalidomide however improved clinically on immunoglobulins infusions on monthly basis without change in the MGUS level. OUTCOMES NGF analysis revealed approximately 0.25% Lambda monotypic plasma cells in the bone marrow expressing CD38, CD138, and CD27 with aberrant expression of CD56 and were negative for CD45, CD19, CD117, and CD81. We also detected 0.002% circulating plasma cells (PCs) in peripheral blood. CONCLUSION The immunophenotype of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) remain close to the malignant PCs phenotype in the BM. Hence, we report NGF approach as a novel diagnostic tool for highly sensitive MRD detection in plasma cell dyscrasias including scleromyxedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Y. Taha
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Hematology and Medical Oncology Department
| | - Saba Hasan
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Hematology and Medical Oncology Department
| | - Firyal Ibrahim
- Hamad Medical Corporations, department and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hesham El Sabah
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Hematology and Medical Oncology Department
| | - Siveen Sivaraman
- Hamad Medical Corporations, Interim Translational research Institute iTRI, Doha, Qatar
| | - Issam Al Bozom
- Hamad Medical Corporations, department and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmad Al Sabbagh
- Hamad Medical Corporations, department and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laurent Garderet
- Maladies du sang CHU de l’AP-HP Hôpital St-Antoine 184 rue du fg St-Antoine 75571 Paris, France
| | - Halima El Omri
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Hematology and Medical Oncology Department
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Yanagihara Y, Hayashi S, Koge J, Honda H, Yamasaki R, Yamada Y, Oda Y, Iwaki T, Kira JI. Immunotherapy-refractory vacuolar myopathy with mucin deposition in scleromyxedema: A possible role of fibroblast growth factor 2. Neuropathology 2020; 40:492-495. [PMID: 32424839 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scleromyxedema (SME) is characterized by widespread waxy papules on the skin, with mucin deposits in the upper dermis. Twenty-one SME cases of myopathy have been reported; of the cases, six showed vacuolar formation, and two showed mucin deposition. We report the first case of SME with mucin-associated vacuolated fibers. A 45-year-old woman with SME developed progressive proximal muscle weakness. Muscle biopsy revealed myopathic changes with numerous vacuoles linked to mucin in the affected muscle fibers, which were heavily immunostained for fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). Despite repeated high dose oral prednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin administrations, muscle weakness recurred continuingly, culminating in death due to congestive heart failure. Immunotherapy was partly effective in our case, although it was refractory. Treatment responsiveness in patients with SME myopathy varied; however, due to its rarity, the mechanism remains to be elucidated. To address this issue, we investigated muscle specimens immunohistochemically and detected marked upregulation of FGF2 in the affected muscle fibers of our patient. FGF2, a strong myogenesis inhibitor, may exert a suppressive effect on muscle fiber regeneration, which may have conferred refractoriness to our patient's SME myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yanagihara
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hayashi
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junpei Koge
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Neuropathology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Iwaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kira
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kim S, Park TH, Lee SM, Kim YH, Cho MK, Whang KU, Kim HS. Scleromyxedema with multiple systemic involvement: Successful treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13378. [PMID: 32250023 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Scleromyxedema is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by a generalized lichenoid eruption and sclerodermoid induration with histologic features of dermal mucin deposition. A 44-year-old man presented with a 3-year history of generalized progressive skin thickening and sclerosis. He had diffuse skin-colored to erythematous firm papules coalescing into indurated plaques over his whole body. He had been diagnosed with scleromyxedema from a skin biopsy with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) at another tertiary hospital 3 years earlier. He had been treated with systemic corticosteroids and methotrexate, but his systemic symptoms (dyspnea, dysphagia, skin swelling, and induration) had worsened over the past year, so he visited our clinic seeking further evaluation and management. The patient received high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy once a month in combination with systemic corticosteroids. After three courses of IVIG, his cutaneous symptoms and dyspnea had improved dramatically. Herein we report a case of scleromyxedema with systemic involvement with significant improvement following IVIG therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyoung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Heum Park
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Min Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yon Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon Kyun Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Uang Whang
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kazlouskaya V, Khan N, Heilman E. Scleromyxedema histopathologically mimicking hypercellular fibrous papules (angiofibomas): Case report of an unusual histopathological presentation. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:638-642. [PMID: 32048744 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Scleromyxedema (SMX) is an inflammatory condition of unknown etiology strongly associated with monoclonal gammopathy. Classical histopathology of SMX is characterized with the triad of diffuse mucin deposits, increased amount of collagen, and presence of stellate fibroblasts. Herein, we report an unusual histopathological variant of SMX in a 41-year-old female with lesions of the nose histopathologically mimicking cellular angiofibromas. The dome-shaped papules were characterized by increased collagen bundles and fascicles of spindle cells. Widened vessels were seen at the periphery of the proliferation. Cells expressed CD68. Factor XIIIa was expressed only by dendritic cells. The mucin was highlighted with colloidal iron. In sum, we draw attention to this unusual variant of SMX, which should be suspected in a setting of multiple "angiofibromas/fibrous papules" on the face with presence of mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neelam Khan
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Edward Heilman
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
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Abstract
In patients with asymptomatic papules of hands and feet, a clinical differential of acral persistent papular mucinosis should be thought of.
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Abstract
Cutaneous mucinoses are a heterogeneous group of dermatoses in which excess deposition of mucin in the dermis gives the skin a waxy appearance, with papules and plaques that can vary from self-healing mucinosis to even disrupting the normal shape of a patient's face, conferring a leonine facies, or be part of life threatening diseases like scleromyxedema. This review will describe the most recent classification on lichen myxedematosus in the generalized (scleromyxedema) and the localized forms, as well as the different organ systems involved in scleromyxedema, diagnostic workup, current management, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Eugenio Cárdenas-Gonzalez
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Maira Elizabeth Herz Ruelas
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Jorge Ocampo Candiani
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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17
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Chen KY, Tzeng IS, Lee YY, Ting SW, Chang YY, Ng CY. Scleromyxedema and lichen myxedematosus: Is it associated with viral hepatitis? J Dermatol 2019; 46:879-885. [PMID: 31461182 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Scleromyxedema (SM) was previously known to be associated with monoclonal gammopathy. The association of SM and its counterpart lichen myxedematosus (LM) with chronic hepatitis has rarely been reported. We retrospectively reviewed medical records and histopathological reports of consecutive patients who presented at our department with the diagnosis of SM or LM from January 2001 to September 2017. The patients' demographic details, cutaneous presentation, associated underlying diseases and hepatitic profile were studied and compared with previous published cases. In all, 28 patients were enrolled, including one SM, 19 LM and eight atypical LM. Of the patients, 50% (n = 14/28) had hepatitis. Of these, 21.4% (n = 6/28) had hepatitis C, 10.7% (n = 3/28) hepatitis B, 7.1% (n = 2/28) concurrent hepatitis B and C, whereas 10.7% (n = 3/28) had alcoholic liver disease. The prevalence of hepatitis C in our patients was 6.5-times higher than that of the general population (28.6% vs 4.4%) and the prevalence of hepatitis B was similar (17.9% vs 17.3%). Polyclonal gammopathy was found in 28.6% (n = 8/28) of the patients and monoclonal gammopathy was found in 7.1% (n = 2/28). The extent of clonality did not correlate with disease severity. Our study did not notice a significant association with monoclonal gammopathy but the prevalence of hepatitis C was found to increase 6.5-times in these patients compared with the general population. We recommend dermatologists to be aware of hepatitis investigations in such patients and future studies are warranted to understand the mechanism behind such association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Statistics, National Taipei University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yi Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sze-Wen Ting
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Yu Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chau Yee Ng
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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18
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Abstract
The immunomodulatory potential and low incidence of severe side effects of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment led to its successful application in a variety of dermatological autoimmune diseases over the last two decades. IVIg is usually administered at a dose of 2 g per kg body weight distributed over 2–5 days every 4 weeks. They are most commonly used as a second- or third-line treatment in dermatological autoimmune disease (pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, bullous pemphigoid, mucous membrane pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, dermatomyositis, systemic vasculitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus). However, first-line treatment may be warranted in special circumstances like concomitant malignancy, a foudroyant clinical course, and contraindications against alternative treatments. Furthermore, IVIg can be considered first line in scleromyxedema. Production of IVIg for medical use is strictly regulated to ensure a low risk of pathogen transmission and comparable quality of individual batches. More common side effects include nausea, headache, fatigue, and febrile infusion reactions. Serious side effects are rare and include thrombosis and embolism, pulmonary edema, renal failure, aseptic meningitis, and severe anaphylactic reactions. Regarding the mechanism of action, one can discriminate between functions of the Fcγ region and the F(ab)2 region and their effects on a cellular level. These functions are not mutually exclusive, and more than one pathway may contribute to the beneficial effects. Here, we present a historical background, details on manufacturing, hypotheses on the mechanisms of action, information on the clinical application in the abovementioned conditions, and a brief outlook on future directions of IVIg treatment in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander H Enk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Abstract
Scleromyxedema is a rare fibromucinous disorders, with several clinical and pathological overlaps with scleroderma and scleredema. Etiopathogenesis remains uncovered, and no explanation has been provided either for the origin of mucin deposition or for the paraprotein role. The disease does not show gender predilection and affects mainly middle-age adults. The course is unpredictable, and prognosis remains guarded for renal, cardiac, and neurologic complications, especially in the setting of dermato-neuro syndrome. A valuable recent progress is the consensus definition of diagnostic criteria and lines of treatment, which hold the promise to improve the early recognition and management of this rare condition worldwide. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin has been suggested as the first-line treatment either alone or associated with systemic steroids and/or thalidomide. In very recalcitrant cases, adjunctive bortezomib and/or autologous stem cell transplant might be considered. Melphalan treatment was associated with very toxic side effects and actually is no longer recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Atzori
- Dermatology Clinic, Department Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Ferreli
- Dermatology Clinic, Department Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Franco Rongioletti
- Dermatology Clinic, Department Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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20
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VYSAKHA KAVADISSERILVIVEKANANDAN, POYURAN RAJALAKSHMI, NAIR SRUTHIS, NAIR MURALIDHARAN. An unusual presentation of scleromyxedema as inflammatory myopathy. Acta Myol 2019; 38:13-16. [PMID: 31309176 PMCID: PMC6598408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Scleromyxedema is a rare cutaneous mucinosis with frequent extracutaneous manifestations. Myopathy in scleromyxedema is a poorly recognized syndrome among neurologists and can mimic idiopathic and connective tissue disease-associated inflammatory myopathy. Diagnosis is suspected by the characterization of the skin lesions and clinched by skin and muscle biopsies. Here, we report a patient with scleromyxedema and myopathy with the characteristic histopathological feature of mucin deposition in skin biopsy. Her muscle biopsy showed a picture consistent with scleromyxedema myopathy with vacuolar and inflammatory changes. The association with paraproteinemia, propensity to life-threatening central nervous system disease and good response to intravenous immunoglobulin necessitate the accurate diagnosis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - RAJALAKSHMI POYURAN
- Department of Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
| | - SRUTHI S NAIR
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India,Address for correspondence: Sruthi S Nair, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 011, Kerala, India. E-mail: ,
| | - MURALIDHARAN NAIR
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
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21
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Victor V, Margareat RM. Plasma Cell Myeloma Masquerading as Scleromyxedema. Indian Dermatol Online J 2019; 10:50-53. [PMID: 30775299 PMCID: PMC6362738 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_135_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Scleromyxedema is a rare progressive cutaneous mucinosis of unknown etiology with equal prevalence in both men and women. It is usually associated with monoclonal gammopathy in most of the cases. Various treatment modalities have been tried for scleromyxedema including steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and melphalan, but none has proved to be fully effective. This paper reports a case of scelromyxedema in a patient who was found to have multiple myeloma on further evaluation. The patient was treated with six cycles of bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone, following which he had complete resolution of his skin lesions. While recent case reports have mentioned treatment of patients of scleromyxedema with varying combinations of IVIg, thalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone, we describe a patient who has been successfully treated with a combination of bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone with complete resolution of all skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Victor
- Department of General Medicine, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Scleroderma is a term used to describe diseases that involve hardening and tightening of the skin and the underlying subcutaneous connective tissue. It could be localized to skin and subcutaneous tissue, or may involve the internal organs too in systemic sclerosis. OBJECTIVE There are disorders that can cause hardening and tightening of skin and mimic scleroderma but are rarely associated with Raynaud phenomenon, sclerodactyly, and autoantibodies in the serum, features specific to scleroderma/systemic sclerosis. CONCLUSION These are termed as "scleroderma variants" or "scleroderma like disorders". This review discusses the various "scleroderma variants" e.g. scleromyxedema, scleredema, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, and eosinophilic fasciitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Fortis Escorts Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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23
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Radenska-Lopovok SG, Volkova P, Gorodetsky VR, Egorova ON, Ananyeva LP. [ Scleromyxedema as a systemic disease of glycosaminoglycan accumulation]. Arkh Patol 2018; 80:53-58. [PMID: 29927441 DOI: 10.17116/patol201880353-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Scleromyxedema is a rare mucinosis with a primary skin lesion due to diffuse mucin deposition, sclerosis, and lichenoid eruptions in the absence of hypothyroidism. The paper describes scleromyxedema cases and gives recommendations for the histological diagnosis of the disease by histochemical reactions to detect acid and neutral glycosaminoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Radenska-Lopovok
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - P Volkova
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - V R Gorodetsky
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O N Egorova
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - L P Ananyeva
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia
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24
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Radenska-Lopovok SG, Volkova P. [Is scleromyxedema a skin problem or systemic pathological process?]. Arkh Patol 2018; 80:63-66. [PMID: 29460897 DOI: 10.17116/patol201880163-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Scleromyxedema is regarded as a rare cutaneous mucinosis from a group of lichen myxedematosus characterized by diffuse mucin deposition, sclerosis, and lichenoid eruptions in the absence of thyroid disease. The paper discusses the pathogenesis of the disease and histological changes in tissues. It underlines the need for using histochemical tests to identify acidic and neutral glycosaminoglycans and gives a differential diagnosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Volkova
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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25
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Eckes B, Wang F, Moinzadeh P, Hunzelmann N, Krieg T. Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Sclerosing Skin Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:120. [PMID: 28868289 PMCID: PMC5563304 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerosing skin diseases represent a large number of distinct disease entities, which include systemic sclerosis, localized scleroderma, and scleredema adultorum. These pathologies have a common clinical appearance and share histological features. However, the specific interplay between cytokines and growth factors, which activate different mesenchymal cell populations and production of different extracellular matrix components, determines the biomechanical properties of the skin and the clinical features of each disease. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these events is prerequisite for developing novel targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Eckes
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pia Moinzadeh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Cologne, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Jun
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Park
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Youn Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Heung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Abstract
Scleromyxedema is part of a group of cutaneous mucinoses, characterized by a generalized papular eruption, dermal mucin deposition, and an increase in dermal collagen. This condition can be localized as discrete papular lichen myxedematous skin or as a systemic condition usually associated with paraproteinaemia. To date, there is no unifying treatment and is limited by rarity, small number of case reports, and the lack of randomized controlled trials. We describe the case of a 56-year-old gentleman with features of scleromyxedema who had cutaneous and cardiac involvement, and significant mediastinal lymphadenopathy without monoclonal gammopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue-Ann Teh
- Department of Health Western Australia, Bunbury Hospital, Bunbury
| | - David A Kandiah
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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28
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Gómez Sánchez ME, de Manueles Marcos F, Martínez Martínez ML, Vera Berón R, Azaña Défez JM. Acral papular mucinosis: a new case of this rare entity. An Bras Dermatol 2016; 91:111-113. [PMID: 28300913 PMCID: PMC5325012 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acral persistent papular mucinosis (APPM) is a rare subtype of localized lichen myxedematosus. It consists of small papules localized exclusively on the back of the hands, wrists and extensor aspects of distal forearms with no other clinical or laboratory manifestations. The lesions tend to persist and may increase slowly in number. Histologically, hematoxylin-eosin and Alcian blue staining demonstrate mucin accumulation in the upper reticular dermis with separation of collagen fibers as a result of hyaluronic acid deposition. Treatment is rarely necessary due to the absence of symptoms. We present a 27-year-old healthy woman with asymptomatic papules on her upper extremities, which adequately meet clinical and pathological criteria of acral papular mucinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberto Vera Berón
- Complejo Universitario Hospitalario de Albacete – Castilla la
Mancha, Spain
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29
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Abstract
Cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) is characterized by redundant skin on the scalp that exhibits deep furrows and convolutions. We report a 58-year-old male who presented with multiple raised asymptomatic skin-colored lesions over the chest and abdomen and features of CVG. Biopsy from the lesion confirmed the diagnosis of scleromyxedema. Scleromyxedema presents as diffuse thickening of the skin which underlies the papules. The hypertrophy and folding of the skin produces a gyrate appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Koregol
- Department of Skin and STD, Al-Ameen Medical College and Hospital, Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh V Yatagiri
- Department of Skin and STD, Al-Ameen Medical College and Hospital, Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Sidramappa R Warad
- Department of Skin and STD, Al-Ameen Medical College and Hospital, Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Nasiruddin R Itagi
- Department of Skin and STD, Al-Ameen Medical College and Hospital, Bijapur, Karnataka, India
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30
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Abstract
Scleromyxedema is a rare, chronic and persistent idiopathic disorder characterized by a generalized papular eruption due to dermal mucin deposition with an increase in dermal collagen. Patients usually have associated paraproteinemia. We describe the case of a 59-year-old gentleman with features of scleromyxedema, who had severe pruritus, scalp involvement, unrestricted mobility and associated peripheral eosinophilia, but no monoclonal gammopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emy Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, India
| | - Anisha George
- Department of Dermatology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, India
| | - Divya Deodhar
- Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, India
| | - Mary John
- Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, India
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31
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Abstract
Scleromyxedema is characterized by indurated erythematous papules disseminated on the face, chest and limbs. About twenty cases treated with thalidomide, stem cells, melphalan and immunoglobulin with varying results have been described. We present the case of a 28-year-old male patient diagnosed with scleromyxedema not associated with monoclonal gammopathy, multi-treated with anti-leprosy drugs, UVA1, and thalidomide for 4 years with no improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brayant Martinez-Jaramillo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital "Dr. Jose E. González", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo León, Mexico, USA
| | - Minerva Gomez-Flores
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital "Dr. Jose E. González", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo León, Mexico, USA
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital "Dr. Jose E. González", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo León, Mexico, USA
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32
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Koronowska SK, Osmola-Mańkowska A, Jakubowicz O, Zaba R. Scleromyxedema: a rare disorder and its treatment difficulties. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2013; 30:122-6. [PMID: 24278061 DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2013.34165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Scleromyxedema is a rare progressive cutaneous mucinosis, usually associated with a systemic involvement and paraproteinemia. Its aetiology remains unknown. The therapeutic options include numerous treatment modalities, however, no standard treatment exists as the rarity of this disease prevents the execution of controlled therapeutic trials. This paper reports a case of a 38-year-old male with progressive scleromyxedema associated with gammopathy. Initially, the patient was treated with prednisolone and later etretinate was added to the therapeutic schedule with quite good clinical improvement. However, after 6 months of treatment, several adverse effects were observed: hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and cataract of the right eye. The patient was consulted by dermatologists in Warsaw and Gdansk as well as by a haematologist. The patient was excluded from oncological treatment. Melphalan therapy was not recommended as it is associated with very toxic side effects. IVIG treatment (intravenous immunoglobulin) was not initiated because of financial issues. As the disease progressed, treatment with plasmapheresis was introduced. The patient received 4 cycles of the therapy. It was well-tolerated by the patient and gave satisfactory, but temporary results. In order to obtain long-lasting improvement the patient was treated with IVIG (21.0 g/dose for 5 consecutive days). This treatment modality seems to have resulted in a more stable improvement.
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33
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Pascualini MF, Caballero Escuti G, Valente E, Kurpis M, Ruiz Lascano A. [Response to thalidomide in scleromyxedema]. Medicina (B Aires) 2013; 73:252-254. [PMID: 23732202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The scleromyxedema is a rare condition characterized by hyperproliferation of fibroblasts with increased dermal deposition of mucin and frequently associated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Various treatments have been reported, with inconsistent results. In addition, the rarity of the disease and the lack of randomized controlled trials results in treatment options derived from anecdotal reports. We describe the case of a 52 year-old female patient diagnosed with scleromyxedema who developed a monoclonal gammopathy, with adequate response to thalidomide. The follow up of these patients is important due to the risk of progression to multiple myeloma and complications related to systemic treatments.
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34
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Abstract
Many conditions presenting with clinical hard skin and tissue fibrosis can be confused with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). These disorders have very diverse etiologies and often an unclear pathogenetic mechanism. Distinct clinical characteristics, skin histology, and disease associations may allow one to distinguish these conditions from scleroderma and from each other. A prompt diagnosis is important to spare patients from ineffective treatments and inadequate management. This article highlights nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy), eosinophilic fasciitis (Shulman's syndrome), scleromyxedema, and scleredema. These often are detected in the primary care setting and referred to rheumatologists for further evaluation. Rheumatologists must be able to promptly recognize them to provide valuable prognostic information and appropriate treatment options for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Boin
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Avenue, Mason F. Lord Building, Center Tower, Suite 4100, Room 405, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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