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Bozhkov AI, Akzhyhitov RA, Bilovetska SG, Ivanov EG, Dobrianska NI, Bondar AY. The Effect of Retinol Acetate on Liver Fibrosis Depends on the Temporal Features of the Development of Pathology. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2024; 14:101338. [PMID: 38264572 PMCID: PMC10801314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2023.101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of vitamin A on the manifestations of liver fibrosis is controversial and establishing the causes of its multidirectional influence is an urgent problem. In the work, the functional characteristics of the liver with Cu-induced fibrosis were determined after the restoration of vitamin A to the control level at the F0/F1 stage. Methods In animals with liver fibrosis, classical indicators of physiology, functional activity of the liver, histological, and hematological characteristics were determined; the content of calcium and ROS was determined in bone marrow cells. Results It was shown that in the liver with Cu-induced fibrosis, the restoration of vitamin A content to control values after per os injections of a retinol acetate solution at a dose of 0.10 mg (300 IU)/100 g of body weight in the early stages of this pathology development (Fо/F1) was accompanied by: a decrease in the number of immunocompetent cells in the bloodstream to control values; normalization of the amount of calcium ions and ROS in bone marrow cells; restoration to the control level of activity of alkaline phosphatase; an increase in the number of binuclear hepatocytes; and restoration of the dynamics of body weight growth in experimental animals, even against the background of the ongoing action of the hepatotoxic factor. Conclusion We came to the conclusion that the multidirectional action of vitamin A, which occurs in liver fibrosis, depends not only on the concentration of vitamin A in the liver but also on temporal characteristics of cellular and metabolic links involved in the adaptive response formation. It was suggested that knowledge of the initial temporal metabolic characteristics and the amount of vitamin A in the liver, taking into account the stages of fibrosis development, can be an effective way to restore the altered homeostatic parameters of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly I. Bozhkov
- Biology Research Institute V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Rustam A. Akzhyhitov
- Biology Research Institute V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana G. Bilovetska
- Biology Research Institute V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Evgeny G. Ivanov
- Biology Research Institute V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia I. Dobrianska
- Biology Research Institute V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Anastasiia Yu Bondar
- Biology Research Institute V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
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Jiang LF, Yang M, Meng HW, Jia PC, Du CL, Liu JY, Lv XW, Cheng-Huang, Li J. The effect of hepatic stellate cell derived-IL-11 on hepatocyte injury in hepatic fibrosis. Life Sci 2023; 330:121974. [PMID: 37495078 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to elucidate the role of Interleukin-11 (IL-11) in hepatic fibrosis (HF) and its potential as a therapeutic target for HF treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated IL-11 expression in patients with varying degrees of liver injury through ELISA and immunohistochemistry. A CCl4-induced HF mouse model was constructed to study IL-11 expression and cell apoptosis using Western blotting (WB) and other techniques. The expression of IL-11 was silenced using rAAV8 in the mouse model. In vitro stimulation of hepatic stellate cells (LX-2) with TGF-β1, and of LO-2 cells with exogenous IL-11, were performed. Cell supernatants of TGF-β1-stimulated LX-2 were used to culture LO-2 cells, with apoptosis monitored via flow cytometry and WB. KEY FINDINGS Increased IL-11 levels were observed in patients and the HF mouse model, with silencing reducing IL-11 expression. In vitro experiments revealed increased endogenous IL-11 in TGF-β1-stimulated LX-2 cells and an increase in apoptotic index, IL11RA, and gp130 in IL-11-stimulated LO-2 cells. Cell apoptosis was reduced in the siRNA/IL11, siRNA/IL11RA, and anti-IL11 groups. WB and immunohistochemistry results showed upregulated p-JNK, p-ERK, and p-P53 expressions in the CCl4-induced HF mouse model and IL-11-treated LO-2 cells. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest IL-11 enhances LX-2 cell activation and proliferation, and promotes LO-2 cell apoptosis through JNK/ERK signaling pathways. This suggests that targeting IL-11 secretion may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for HF, providing a foundation for its clinical application in HF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Feng Jiang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Wu Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Jia
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chang-Lin Du
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin-Yu Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Lv
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Cheng-Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Agten A, Blázquez-Moreno A, Crabbe M, Tuefferd M, Goehlmann H, Geys H, Peng CY, Claes J, Neyens T, Faes C. Measures of spatial heterogeneity in the liver tissue micro-environment as predictive factors for fibrosis score. Comput Biol Med 2023; 165:107382. [PMID: 37634463 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The organization and interaction between hepatocytes and other hepatic non-parenchymal cells plays a pivotal role in maintaining normal liver function and structure. Although spatial heterogeneity within the tumor micro-environment has been proven to be a fundamental feature in cancer progression, the role of liver tissue topology and micro-environmental factors in the context of liver damage in chronic infection has not been widely studied yet. We obtained images from 110 core needle biopsies from a cohort of chronic hepatitis B patients with different fibrosis stages according to METAVIR score. The tissue sections were immunofluorescently stained and imaged to determine the locations of CD45 positive immune cells and HBsAg-negative and HBsAg-positive hepatocytes within the tissue. We applied several descriptive techniques adopted from ecology, including Getis-Ord, the Shannon Index and the Morisita-Horn Index, to quantify the extent to which immune cells and different types of liver cells co-localize in the tissue biopsies. Additionally, we modeled the spatial distribution of the different cell types using a joint log-Gaussian Cox process and proposed several features to quantify spatial heterogeneity. We then related these measures to the patient fibrosis stage by using a linear discriminant analysis approach. Our analysis revealed that the co-localization of HBsAg-negative hepatocytes with immune cells and the co-localization of HBsAg-positive hepatocytes with immune cells are equally important factors for explaining the METAVIR score in chronic hepatitis B patients. Moreover, we found that if we allow for an error of 1 on the METAVIR score, we are able to reach an accuracy of around 80%. With this study we demonstrate how methods adopted from ecology and applied to the liver tissue micro-environment can be used to quantify heterogeneity and how these approaches can be valuable in biomarker analyses for liver topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Agten
- Data Science Institute, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan 1, BE 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Alfonso Blázquez-Moreno
- Discovery Statistics, Global Development, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marjolein Crabbe
- Discovery Statistics, Global Development, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marianne Tuefferd
- Translational Biomarkers, Infectious Diseases, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hinrich Goehlmann
- Translational Biomarkers, Infectious Diseases, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Helena Geys
- Discovery Statistics, Global Development, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Jari Claes
- Data Science Institute, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan 1, BE 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Thomas Neyens
- Data Science Institute, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan 1, BE 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; L-BioStat, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christel Faes
- Data Science Institute, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan 1, BE 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Xing Y, Zhong W, Peng D, Han Z, Zeng H, Wang Y, Feng L, Huang J, Xu L, Chen M, Zhou D, Jiang K, Deng X, Zhou H, Tong G. Chinese Herbal Formula Ruangan Granule Enhances the Efficacy of Entecavir to Reverse Advanced Liver Fibrosis/Early Cirrhosis in Patients with Chronic HBV Infection: A Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106737. [PMID: 36940891 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleotide analogs treatment can reverse liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, it has limited effect on fibrosis resolution in patients with CHB, particularly in preventing progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ruangan granule (RG), a Chinese herbal formula, has proven to produce a therapeutic effect against liver fibrosis in animal experiment. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of our Chinese herbal formula (RG) combined with entecavir (ETV) to reverse advanced liver fibrosis/early cirrhosis from CHB. METHODS A total of 240 CHB patients with histologically confirmed advanced liver fibrosis/early cirrhosis from 12 centers were randomly and blindly allocated to consume either ETV (0.5mg/day) plus RG (2 times/day) or control (ETV) for 48 weeks (wk) treatment. Changes in histopathology, serology and imageology were observed. Liver fibrosis reversion, defined as a reduction in the Knodell HAI score by ≥2 points and Ishak score by ≥1 grade, was assessed. RESULTS The rate of fibrosis regression and inflammation remission after 48 wk of treatment in histopathology was significantly higher in the ETV + RG group (38.73% vs. 23.94%, P=0.031). The ultrasonic semiquantitative scores decreased by ≥2 points and were 41 (28.87%) and 15 (21.13%) in the ETV+RG and ETV groups, respectively (P=0.026). The ETV+RG group had a significantly lower Fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4) index (P=0.028). There was a significant difference between the ETV+RG and ETV groups in the liver function normalization rate (P <0.01). Moreover, ETV plus RG combination treatment further reduced the risk of HCC in median 55-month follow-up (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates that the Chinese herbal formula RG with ETV can improve advanced liver fibrosis/early cirrhosis regression in patients with CHB, further reducing the risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xing
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weichao Zhong
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Deti Peng
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhiyi Han
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua Zeng
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lian Feng
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinzhen Huang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Linyi Xu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingtai Chen
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Daqiao Zhou
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kaiping Jiang
- Department of Hepatology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin Deng
- The First Department of Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Guangdong Tong
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
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Baokbah TAS. Attenuation of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in a rat model by combination therapy of diacerein and gold nanoparticles: a histopathological and immunohistochemical study. J Histotechnol 2023; 46:5-16. [PMID: 36214360 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2022.2129935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of combined therapy of diacerein and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) on diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a rat model. Normal healthy and DEN-induced (HCC) rats were divided into five groups. Group I healthy rats served as normal control, Group II untreated HCC rats, Group III HCC rats administered diacerein, Group IV HCC rats administered AuNP, and Group V HCC rats administered diacerein and AuNP. All treatments were given once daily for 4 weeks. Liver morphology and necroinflammation in all groups were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome for fibrosis, and immunohistochemistry assays for expression of TNF-α, IL-6, β-catenin, and caspase-3. Liver sections from Group II HCC rats showed loss of lobular architecture, thick fibrous tissue deposition, leukocyte infiltration, degenerated hepatocytes and HCC neoplastic nodules surrounded by extensive fibrosis. Group II had high expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and β-catenin, and low caspase-3 expression as compared to Group I. HCC rats treated with the combined therapy of diacerein and AuNP (Group V) showed markedly decreased HCC lesions, significant necroinflammation reduction (p ˂ 0.05) and 90% reduction in fibrosis as compared to Group II HCC + diacerein. This combined therapy also reduced (p ˂ 0.05) TNF-α, IL-6, β-catenin expression and increased caspase-3 expression. In conclusion, diacerein combined with AuNP synergistically attenuated the severity of HCC lesions by reducing necroinflammation and fibrosis, decreased TNF-α, IL-6, β-catenin expression, and increased caspase-3 expression for apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tourki A S Baokbah
- Department of Medical Emergency Services, Al-Qunfudah Health Sciences College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Iwanaga T, Chiba T, Nakamura M, Kaneko T, Ao J, Qiang N, Ma Y, Zhang J, Kogure T, Yumita S, Ishino T, Ogawa K, Kan M, Nakagawa M, Fujiwara K, Fujita N, Sakuma T, Kanzaki H, Koroki K, Kusakabe Y, Inoue M, Kobayashi K, Kanogawa N, Kiyono S, Kondo T, Nakagawa R, Ogasawara S, Nakamoto S, Muroyama R, Kato J, Kanda T, Maruyama H, Mimura N, Honda T, Murayama T, Nakamura H, Kato N. Miglustat, a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, mitigates liver fibrosis through TGF-β/Smad pathway suppression in hepatic stellate cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 642:192-200. [PMID: 36586187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, a condition characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as collagen in response to chronic inflammation. It has been reported that ceramide regulates collagen production through TGF-β/Smad pathway activation. In this study, we examined whether miglustat, an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase, can suppress liver fibrosis by reducing TGF-β/Smad pathway activity. Human hepatic stellate cells (HHSteCs) were cultured with TGF-β and multiple miglustat concentrations to examine dose-dependent effects on the expression levels of ECM-related genes and Smad proteins. To evaluate the efficacy of miglustat for fibrosis mitigation, C57BL/6 mice were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 4 weeks to induce liver fibrosis, followed by combined CCl4 plus miglustat for a further 2 weeks. To examine if miglustat can also prevent fibrosis, mice were treated with CCl4 for 2 weeks, followed by CCl4 plus miglustat for 2 weeks. Miglustat dose-dependently downregulated expression of α-smooth muscle actin and ECM components in TGF-β-treated HHSteCs. Both phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2 and Smad3 were also suppressed by miglustat treatment. Sirius-Red staining and hydroxyproline assays of model mouse liver samples revealed that miglustat reduced fibrosis, an effect accompanied by decreased expression of ECM. Our findings suggest that miglustat can both prevent and reverse liver fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terunao Iwanaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junjie Ao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Na Qiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yaojia Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Kogure
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sae Yumita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ishino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keita Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Kan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kisako Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sakuma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Koroki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuko Kusakabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masanori Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoya Kanogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kiyono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kondo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sadahisa Ogasawara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Muroyama
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maruyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Mimura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Honda
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Murayama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Wilczynski E, Sasson E, Eliav U, Navon G, Nevo U. Quantitative Magnetization EXchange MRI Measurement of Liver Fibrosis Model in Rodents. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:285-295. [PMID: 35521943 PMCID: PMC10084184 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative MRI can elucidate the complex microstructural changes in liver disease. The Magnetization EXchange (MEX) method estimates macromolecular fraction, such as collagen, and can potentially aid in this task. HYPOTHESIS MEX sequence, and its derived quantitative macromolecular fraction, should correlate with collagen deposition in rodents liver fibrosis model. STUDY TYPE Prospective. ANIMAL MODEL Sixteen adults Sprague-Dawley rats and 13 adults C57BL/6 strain mice given carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) twice weekly for 6 or 8 weeks. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 7 T scanner. MEX sequence (selective suppression and magnetization exchange), spin-echo and gradient-echo scans. ASSESSMENT Macromolecular fraction (F) and T1 were extracted for each voxel and for livers' regions of interest, additional to calculating the percentage of F > 0.1 pixels in F maps (high-F). Histology included staining with hematoxylin and eosin, picrosirius red and Masson trichrome, and inflammation scoring. Quantitative collagen percentage calculated using automatic spectral-segmentation of the staining. STATISTICAL TESTS Comparing CCl4 -treated groups and controls using Welch's t-test and paired t-test between different time points. Pearson's correlation used between ROI MEX parameters or high-F fraction, and quantitative histology. F or T1 , and inflammation scores were tested with one-sided t-test. P < 0.05 was deemed significant. RESULTS Rats: F values were significantly different after 6 weeks of treatment (0.10 ± 0.02) compared to controls (0.080 ± 0.003). After 8 weeks, F significantly increased (0.11 ± 0.02) in treated animals, while controls are not significant (0.0814 ± 0.0008, P = 0.079). F correlated with quantitative histology (R = 0.87), and T1 was significantly different between inflammation scores (1: 1332 ± 224 msec, 2: 2007 ± 464 msec). Mice: F was significantly higher (0.062 ± 0.006) in treatment group compared to controls (0.042 ± 0.006). F and high-F fraction correlated with quantitative histology (R = 0.88; R = 0.84). T1 was significantly different between inflammation scores (1:1366 ± 99 msec; 2:1648 ± 45 msec). DATA CONCLUSION MEX extracted parameters are sensitive to collagen deposition and inflammation and are correlated with histology results of mouse and rat liver fibrosis model. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Wilczynski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Sasson
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uzi Eliav
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Navon
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Nevo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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8
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Garbuzenko DV. Current strategies for targeted therapy of liver fibrosis. BULLETIN OF SIBERIAN MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2022-3-154-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis (LF) is an unfavorable event in the natural course of chronic liver diseases (CLD), therefore, early implementation and widespread use of antifibrotic therapy methods is a pressing issue in hepatology. The aim of the review was to describe current approaches to targeted therapy of LF.PubMed database, Google Scholar search engine, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, eLIBRARY.RU scientific electronic library, as well as reference lists of articles were used to search for scientific articles. The publications that corresponded to the aim of the study were selected for the period from 1998 to 2021 by the terms “liver fibrosis”, “pathogenesis”, and “treatment”. Inclusion criteria were restricted to targeted therapy of LF.Despite the growing evidence for reversibility of LF, there are currently no effective or clinically approved regimens for its specific therapy. However, taking into account the relevance of the issue, scientific research in this area is necessary. Multiple drugs with a good safety profile have been studied, which, though intended for other purposes, can have a positive effect on LF. In addition, a number of innovative approaches that differ from pharmacotherapy inspire optimism about finding a solution to this problem. It is obvious that studies focused on well-characterized groups of patients with confirmed histologic, elastography, clinical, and radiological parameters are required. This is a challenging task, since the key point will be stratification of risk based on ethnicity, etiology, and clinical status, and very large samples will be required for a reliable assessment. Nevertheless, the solution will increase efficiency of treatment for patients with CLD, improve their prognosis and quality of life, and significantly reduce the need for liver transplantation, a demand for which remains extremely high worldwide.
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Luo Q, Ling Y, Li Y, Qu X, Shi Q, Zheng S, Li Y, Huang Y, Zhou X. Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 deficiency exacerbates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:964829. [PMID: 36120358 PMCID: PMC9478609 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.964829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathological process which can progress to hepatocirrhosis, even hepatocellular carcinoma. Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (PEBP4) is a secreted protein involved in regulating many molecular pathways, whereas its roles in diseases including hepatic fibrosis remain undefined. The nuclear factor-κappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway has been found to be involved in the development of liver fibrosis. In this study, we generated a hepatocyte-conditional knockout (CKO) mouse model of PEBP4, and explored the potential functions of PEBP4 on liver fibrosis and the NF-κB signaling pathway in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis. We demonstrated that PEBP4 CKO aggravated CCl4-triggered liver fibrosis, as evidenced by altered histopathology, an increase in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and hydroxyproline (HYP) levels, and more collagen deposition, as well as by enhanced expression of fibrotic markers including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I and collagen III. Mechanistically, PEBP4 deficiency activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, as indicated by increased phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and inhibitor protein κB inhibitor-α (IκB-α), and nuclear NF-κB p65 expression in the fibrotic liver. Notably, the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) partially blocked the activation of the NF-κB pathway, and reversed the pro-fibrotic effect of PEBP4 deletion in CCl4-treated mice. Together, these results suggest that PEBP4 deficiency results in aggravation of liver fibrosis and activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, supporting a novel concept that PEBP4 is a crucial player in hepatic fibrosis, but also might be a negative regulator of the NF-κB signaling in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanyi Ling
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Joint Program, Queen Mary School, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoqin Qu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiaoqing Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuangyan Zheng
- The Center of Laboratory Animal Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yonghong Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Etiology and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghong Huang, ; Xiaoyan Zhou,
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Etiology and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghong Huang, ; Xiaoyan Zhou,
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Hasani Jusufi A, Trajkovska M, Popova-Jovanovska R, Calovska-Ivanova V, Ramadani A, Andreevski V. The Role and Significance of Non-invasive Methods, with a Particular Focus on Shear Wave Elastography in Hepatic Fibrosis Staging. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) represents a new, non-invasive method, used in the diagnosis of diffuse liver diseases. The method has been widely used instead of liver biopsy - an invasive procedure with potential major risk complications. Compared to liver biopsy, SWE provides an examination of larger areas of the liver, thus providing better staging of hepatic fibrosis.
30 patients were included in the study on basis of previous clinical, biochemical, and ultrasound findings indicating a presence of a chronic liver lesion. Patients were divided into three groups: 6 patients with steatosis, 13 patients with viral hepatitis, and 11 patients with liver cirrhosis. Liver damage biochemical markers, serum markers of liver fibrosis, and SWE were determined in all patients. Statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between SWE results, and the values of biochemical markers of the hepatic lesion, as well as serum markers of liver fibrosis.
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11
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Juanola O, Hassan M, Kumar P, Yilmaz B, Keller I, Simillion C, Engelmann C, Tacke F, Dufour JF, De Gottardi A, Moghadamrad S. Intestinal microbiota drives cholestasis-induced specific hepatic gene expression patterns. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-20. [PMID: 33847205 PMCID: PMC8049203 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1911534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota regulates multiple host metabolic and immunological processes. Consequently, any difference in its qualitative and quantitative composition is susceptible to exert significant effects, in particular along the gut-liver axis. Indeed, recent findings suggest that such changes modulate the severity and the evolution of a wide spectrum of hepatobiliary disorders. However, the mechanisms linking intestinal microbiota and the pathogenesis of liver disease remain largely unknown. In this work, we investigated how a distinct composition of the intestinal microbiota, in comparison with germ-free conditions, may lead to different outcomes in an experimental model of acute cholestasis. Acute cholestasis was induced in germ-free (GF) and altered Schaedler's flora (ASF) colonized mice by common bile duct ligation (BDL). Studies were performed 5 days after BDL and hepatic histology, gene expression, inflammation, lipids metabolism, and mitochondrial functioning were evaluated in normal and cholestatic mice. Differences in plasma concentration of bile acids (BA) were evaluated by UHPLC-HRMS. The absence of intestinal microbiota was associated with significant aggravation of hepatic bile infarcts after BDL. At baseline, we found the absence of gut microbiota induced altered expression of genes involved in the metabolism of fatty and amino acids. In contrast, acute cholestasis induced altered expression of genes associated with extracellular matrix, cell cycle, autophagy, activation of MAPK, inflammation, metabolism of lipids, and mitochondrial functioning pathways. Ductular reactions, cell proliferation, deposition of collagen 1 and autophagy were increased in the presence of microbiota after BDL whereas GF mice were more susceptible to hepatic inflammation as evidenced by increased gene expression levels of osteopontin, interleukin (IL)-1β and activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway as compared to ASF colonized mice. Additonally, we found that the presence of microbiota provided partial protection to the mitochondrial functioning and impairment in the fatty acid metabolism after BDL. The concentration of the majority of BA markedly increased after BDL in both groups without remarkable differences according to the hygiene status of the mice. In conclusion, acute cholestasis induced more severe liver injury in GF mice compared to mice with limited intestinal bacterial colonization. This protective effect was associated with different hepatic gene expression profiles mostly related to tissue repair, metabolic and immune functions. Our findings suggest that microbial-induced differences may impact the course of cholestasis and modulate liver injury, offering a background for novel therapies based on the modulation of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Juanola
- Translational Research Laboratory, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mohsin Hassan
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pavitra Kumar
- Hepatology, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- Gastroenterology, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irene Keller
- Department for Biomedical Research and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Simillion
- Department for Biomedical Research and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cornelius Engelmann
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Hepatology, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea De Gottardi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland,Hepatology, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sheida Moghadamrad
- Translational Research Laboratory, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland,Hepatology, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland,CONTACT Sheida Moghadamrad Translational Research Laboratory, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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12
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Liu YF, Niu GC, Li CY, Guo JB, Song J, Li H, Zhang XL. Mechanism of Ulcerative Colitis-Aggravated Liver Fibrosis: The Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells and TLR4 Signaling Through Gut-Liver Axis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:695019. [PMID: 34603071 PMCID: PMC8484790 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.695019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The progression of liver disorders is frequently associated with inflammatory bowel disease through the gut-liver axis. However, no direct evidence showed the mechanisms of ulcerative colitis (UC) in the development of liver fibrosis per se. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of UC on liver fibrosis and its potential mechanism in the experimental model. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were allocated into five groups (n = 10 per group) to receive either drinking water (control), 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), olive oil, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or DSS + CCl4 for 4 cycles. Blood was collected for biochemical analysis. Colons were excised for the evaluation of colon length and morphological score. Liver, colon, and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were collected for histopathological staining, expression analysis, and bacterial translocation assay to evaluate the inflammation, fibrosis, the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and gut barrier function. Results: DSS caused severe colitis in mice treated or treated with CCl4, as evident from the elevation of disease activity index (DAI), histological abnormalities, and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17A). Histopathological staining revealed that DSS treatment aggravated the CCl4-induced extracellular matrix deposition, liver fibrosis, and inflammation in mice. Additionally, biochemical and expression analysis indicated the DSS treatment caused the increase of hydroxyproline and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the abnormal liver function indexes in CCl4-induced mice. Gut barrier function was impaired in DSS- and DSS + CCl4-treated mice, manifesting as the increase in bacterial translocation and lipopolysaccharide level, and the reduction in tight junction proteins (occluding, claudin-1 and ZO-1) expression. Further, the activations of HSCs and TLR4 signaling pathway were observed after DSS + CCl4 treatment, presenting with the increase in expression of α-SMA, vimentin, TGF-β, collagen type I, collagen type II, TIMP-2, TLR4, TRAF6, and NF-κB p65, and a decrease in GFAP and MMP-2 expression. Conclusion: The present study verified that UC aggravated CCl4-induced liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice through the gut-liver axis. Gut barrier dysfunction in UC leads to bacterial translocation and elevated lipopolysaccharide, which may promote the activation of TLR4 signaling and HSCs in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Dingzhou People's Hospital of Hebei Province, Dingzhou, China
| | - Guo-Chao Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chen-Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jin-Bo Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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13
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Seiwerth S, Milavic M, Vukojevic J, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Vuletic LB, Pavlov KH, Petrovic A, Sikiric S, Vranes H, Prtoric A, Zizek H, Durasin T, Dobric I, Staresinic M, Strbe S, Knezevic M, Sola M, Kokot A, Sever M, Lovric E, Skrtic A, Blagaic AB, Sikiric P. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:627533. [PMID: 34267654 PMCID: PMC8275860 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: The antiulcer peptide, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (previously employed in ulcerative colitis and multiple sclerosis trials, no reported toxicity (LD1 not achieved)), is reviewed, focusing on the particular skin wound therapy, incisional/excisional wound, deep burns, diabetic ulcers, and alkali burns, which may be generalized to the other tissues healing. Recent Advances: BPC 157 has practical applicability (given alone, with the same dose range, and same equipotent routes of application, regardless the injury tested). Critical Issues: By simultaneously curing cutaneous and other tissue wounds (colocutaneous, gastrocutaneous, esophagocutaneous, duodenocutaneous, vesicovaginal, and rectovaginal) in rats, the potency of BPC 157 is evident. Healing of the wounds is accomplished by resolution of vessel constriction, the primary platelet plug, the fibrin mesh which acts to stabilize the platelet plug, and resolution of the clot. Thereby, BPC 157 is effective in wound healing much like it is effective in counteracting bleeding disorders, produced by amputation, and/or anticoagulants application. Likewise, BPC 157 may prevent and/or attenuate or eliminate, thus, counteract both arterial and venous thrombosis. Then, confronted with obstructed vessels, there is circumvention of the occlusion, which may be the particular action of BPC 157 in ischemia/reperfusion. Future Directions: BPC 157 rapidly increases various genes expression in rat excision skin wound. This would define the healing in the other tissues, that is, gastrointestinal tract, tendon, ligament, muscle, bone, nerve, spinal cord, cornea (maintained transparency), and blood vessels, seen with BPC 157 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Milavic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jaksa Vukojevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slaven Gojkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Andrea Petrovic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Vranes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Prtoric
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tajana Durasin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Dobric
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Knezevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Sola
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine Osijek, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marko Sever
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eva Lovric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Luo X, Zhao H, Xiang X. Paeoniflorin mitigates PBC-induced liver fibrosis by repressing NLRP3 formation. Acta Cir Bras 2021; 36:e361106. [PMID: 35195182 PMCID: PMC8860402 DOI: 10.1590/acb361106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To delve into the influence of paeoniflorin (PA) on abating primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)-induced liver fibrosis and its causative role. Methods: Our team allocated the mice to control group, PA group, PBC group and PBC+PA group. We recorded the weight change of mice in each group. We used Masson staining for determining liver fibrosis, immunofluorescence staining for measuring tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for assaying related gene expression, as well as Western blot for testing related protein expression. Results: The weight of PBC model mice declined. Twenty-four weeks after modeling, the positive rate of anti-mitochondrial antibody-M2 (AMA-M2) in PBC mice reached 100%. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hydroxyproline (HYP), laminin (LN), procollagen type III (PC III), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents saliently waxed (p<0.01). Meanwhile, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activity patently waned (p<0.01). Liver fibrosis levels were flagrantly higher (p<0.01), and TNF-α, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, interleukin-18 (IL-18), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) protein or gene expression were manifestly up-regulated (p<0.01). PA could restore the weight of PBC mice, strikingly restrain the positive expression of AMA-M2, and down-regulate serum ALP, ALT, AST, HYP, LN, PC III, MDA in PBC mice (p<0.01). PA could also significantly up-regulate SOD and GSH-px levels (p<0.01), down-regulate IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, NLRP3, and TNF-α protein or gene expression in PBC mice (p<0.01) and inhibit liver fibrosis levels (p<0.01). Conclusions: PA can reduce PBC-induced liver fibrosis in mice and may function by curbing the formation of NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoxing Xiang
- Taizhou people’s Hospital affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, China
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15
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Fan L, Zhang C, Ai L, Wang L, Li L, Fan W, Li R, He L, Wu C, Huang Y. Traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, separation and analysis technologies of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112942. [PMID: 32423879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold (E. alatus), a well-known medicinal plant, has been widely used thousands of years in China for the treatment of various diseases such as urticaria, dysmenorrhea, wound, dysentery, blood stasis, rheumatism and arthritis. Due to the extensive application of E. alatus in the fields of ethnopharmacological usage, the pharmaceutical researches of E. alatus keeps deepening. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper reviewed and summarized the integrated research progress of this medicinal plant. A comprehensive summary and comparison of traditional usages, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, separation and analysis technologies of the E. alatus highlight recent scientific advances, which provides new insights into the research and development of this medicinal plant and would be helpful to promote the research situation of underlying pharmacological mechanisms and further utilizations of E. alatus. MATERIAL AND METHODS Literature survey was carried out via classic books of herbal medicine, PhD. and MSc. Dissertations. Online scientific databases including Pubmed, SciFinder, Science Direct, Scopus, the Web of Science, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and others were searched up to February 2020 to identify eligible studies. All literatures of the research subject are analyzed and summarized in this review. RESULTS The E. alatus has been widely used in traditional practice in China, Korea and other Asian Countries. In the study of phytochemistry, more than 230 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from E. alatus, including sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, lignans, steroids, alkaloids and other compounds. Among them, literature reports show that flavonoids and steroids are the most important bioactive substances found in this plant. A number of researches also have shown that extracts and compounds from E. alatus exert a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, including antidiabetic effect, anti-tumor effects, anti-inflammatory effects, hepatoprotective effects, antioxidant effects, antibacterial effects, as well as other effects. However, most of the studies without clinical research. Research into plant's toxicological effects has also been limited. In addition, this review also summarizes and compares the separation and analysis technologies of E. alatus. CONCLUSIONS E. alatus has potential for the treatment of many diseases, especially tumors and diabetes. But many traditional uses of E. alatus have not been validated by current investigations. Additionally, modern studies haven't gone far enough into its pharmacological effects and the corresponding chemical constituents, more efforts should be made to illuminate the underlying mechanisms of E. alatus for treatment of tumors and diabetes. Moreover, the toxicological effects of this plant can be further studied. Currently, there are limited studies on its side effects and toxicological effects, which should provide further guidance for the safety of clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhong Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Chunling Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Li Ai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Wenxiang Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ruolan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Liying He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yongliang Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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16
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MR elastography, T1 and T2 relaxometry of liver: role in noninvasive assessment of liver function and portal hypertension. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:2680-2687. [PMID: 32274552 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the correlation between liver stiffness as measured on MR elastography and T1 and T2 relaxation times from T1 and T2 mapping with clinical parameters of liver disease, including the MELD score, MELD-Na and ALBI grade, and endoscopically visible esophageal varices. MATERIALS AND METHODS 223 patients with known or suspected liver disease underwent MRI of the liver with T1 mapping (Look-Locker sequence) and 2D SE-EPI MR elastography (MRE) sequences. 139 of these patients also underwent T2 mapping with radial T2 FS sequence. Two readers measured liver stiffness, T1 relaxation times and T2 relaxation times, and assessed qualitative features such as presence or absence of cirrhosis, ascites, spleen length, and varices on conventional MRI images. A third reader collected the clinical data (MELD score, MELD-Na Score, ALBI grade, and results of endoscopy in 78 patients). RESULTS Significant moderate correlation was found between MELD score and all three imaging techniques for both readers (MRE, r = 0.35 and 0.28; T1 relaxometry, r = 0.30 and 0.29; T2 relaxometry, r = 0.45, and 0.37 for reader 1 and reader 2 respectively). Correlation with MELD-Na score was even higher (MRE, r = 0.49 and 0.40; T1, r = 0.45 and 0.41; T2, r = 0.47 and 0.35 for reader 1 and reader 2 respectively). Correlations between MRE and ALBI grade was significant and moderate for both readers: r = 0.39 and 0.37, higher than T1 relaxometry (r = 0.22 and 0.20) and T2 relaxometry (r = 0.17, and r = 0.24). Significant moderate correlations were found for both readers between MRE and the presence of varices on endoscopy (r = 0.28 and 0.30). MRE and T1 relaxometry were significant predictors of varices at endoscopy for both readers (MRE AUC 0.923 and 0.873; T1 relaxometry AUC = 0.711 and 0.675 for reader 1 and reader 2 respectively). Cirrhotic morphology (AUC = 0.654), spleen length (AUC = 0.610) and presence of varices in the upper abdomen on MRI (AUC of 0.693 and 0.595) were all significant predictors of endoscopic varices. Multivariable logistic regression model identified that spleen length and liver MRE were significant independent predictors of endoscopic varices for both readers. CONCLUSION MR elastography, T1 and T2 relaxometry demonstrated moderate positive correlation with the MELD score and MELD-Na Score. Correlation between MRE and ALBI grade was superior to T1 and T2 relaxometry methods. MRE performed better than T1 and T2 relaxometry to predict the presence of varices at endoscopy. On multivariate analyses, spleen length and MRE were the only two significant independent predictors of endoscopic varices.
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Hoffman DH, Ayoola A, Nickel D, Han F, Chandarana H, Shanbhogue KP. T1 mapping, T2 mapping and MR elastography of the liver for detection and staging of liver fibrosis. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:692-700. [PMID: 31875241 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare liver stiffness measurements obtained from MR elastography with liver T1 relaxation times obtained from T1 mapping and T2 relaxation times obtained from T2 mapping for detection and staging of liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 223 patients with known or suspected liver disease underwent MRI of the liver with T1 mapping (Look-Locker sequence) and 2D SE-EPI MR elastography (MRE) sequences. 139 of these patients also underwent T2 mapping with radial T2 TSE sequence. Two readers (R1 & R2) measured liver stiffness, T1 relaxation times and T2 relaxation times. T1 and T2 times were correlated with stiffness measurements. ROC analysis was used to compare the performance of both techniques in discriminating fibrosis stage in 23 patients who underwent liver biopsy. RESULTS For each reader there was significant moderate positive correlation between liver MRE and liver T1 mapping (r = 0.49 and 0.36). There was significant moderate positive correlation between liver T2 mapping and each of MRE and T1 mapping for one of the readers (r = 0.40 and 0.27). AUC for differentiating early (F0-F2) from advanced (F3-F4) fibrosis in biopsied patients was 0.975 (R1) and 0.925 (R2) for MRE, 0.671 (R1) and 0.642 (R2) for T1 mapping and 0.671 (R1) and 0.743 (R2) for T2 mapping. Inter-reader agreement was good for MRE (ICC = 0.84) substantial for T1 mapping (0.94) and T2 mapping (0.96). CONCLUSIONS Liver T1 and T2 mapping showed moderate positive correlation with MR elastography. Accuracy of MRE is however superior to T1 and T2 mapping in the subset of patients who underwent liver biopsy. Accuracy of combination of MRE and T1 mapping/T2 mapping was not superior to MRE alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, 660 First Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Abimbola Ayoola
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, 660 First Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Fei Han
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hersh Chandarana
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, 660 First Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Dual-source dual-energy CT in the evaluation of hepatic fractional extracellular space in cirrhosis. Radiol Med 2019; 125:7-14. [PMID: 31587181 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-019-01089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main features of liver fibrosis is the expansion of the interstitial space. All water-soluble CT contrast agents remain confined in the vascular and interstitial space constituting the fractional extracellular space (fECS). Indirect measure of its expansion can be quantified during equilibrium phase with CT. The goal of this prospective study was to assess the feasibility of dual-energy CT (DECT) with iodine quantification at equilibrium phase in the evaluation of significant fibrosis or cirrhosis. METHODS Thirty-eight cirrhotic patients (according to Child-Pugh and MELD scores), scheduled for liver CT, were enrolled in the study group. Twenty-four patients undergoing CT urography with a 10-min excretory phase were included in the control group. fECS was calculated as the ratio of the iodine concentration of liver parenchyma to that of the aorta, multiplied by 1 minus hematocrit. RESULTS Final study and control group were, respectively, composed of 22 and 20 patients. Mean hepatic fECS value was statistically greater in study group (P < 0.05). Positive correlation was observed between hepatic fECS value and MELD score (r = 0.64, P < 0.05). Analysis of variance showed statistical differences between control group and the Child-Pugh grades and between Child-Pugh A and B patients and Child-Pugh C patients (P < 0.05). ROC curves analysis yielded an optimum fECS cutoff value of 26.3% for differentiation of control group and cirrhotic patients (AUC 0.88; 86% sensitivity, 85% specificity). CONCLUSIONS Dual-source DECT is a feasible, noninvasive method for the assessment of significant liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.
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Chen Z, Yao L, Liu Y, Pan Z, Peng S, Wan G, Cheng J, Wang J, Cao W. Astragaloside IV regulates NF-κB-mediated cellular senescence and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells to suppress PDGF-BB-induced activation. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3741-3750. [PMID: 31641375 PMCID: PMC6796432 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the principal effectors during hepatic fibrosis, which is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix. Therefore, present therapies and investigations into hepatic fibrosis mainly focus on the suppression of activated HSCs. Astragaloside IV (ASIV) is an effective constituent extracted from the plant Astragalus membranaceus and has exhibited anti-fibrotic properties in hepatic fibrosis. However, its protective mechanism against hepatic fibrosis is not fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanistic role of ASIV on rat HSC-T6 cells activated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB. HSC-T6 cells were activated using PDGF-BB and subsequently treated with ASIV (final concentrations of 20 and 40 µg/ml) for 48 h. ASIV treatment decreased the expression of α1 type I collagen, α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin on mRNA and protein levels, suggesting that ASIV suppresses PDGF-BB-induced HSC-T6 activation. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, p21, high-mobility group AT-hook 1 and p53, common biomarkers of senescence, were upregulated by ASIV treatment. In addition, the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase was reduced. ASIV promoted apoptosis of PDGF-BB-activated HSC-T6 cells. The NF-κB signaling pathway, which controls cellular senescence and apoptosis, was demonstrated to be stimulated by ASIV by increasing p65, p52, p50 and inhibitor of NF-κB kinase α expression levels, and by suppressing the expression of NF-κB inhibitor α. Taken together, these results demonstrated that ASIV promoted cellular senescence and apoptosis by activating the NF-κB pathway to suppress PDGF-BB-induced HSC-T6 activation; with potential implications for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Pan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| | - Guoguo Wan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Junxiong Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wenfu Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.,Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Rong X, Yang Y, Zhang G, Zhang H, Li C, Wang Y. Antler stem cells as a novel stem cell source for reducing liver fibrosis. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:195-206. [PMID: 31428875 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis results from collagen fiber deposition. Antler stem cells (ASCs) naturally in vivo differentiate into cartilage, which is only made of Col II in collagen component; whereas liver fibrosis is caused by over-abundance of Col I and III. In addition, ASCs can effectively promote regenerative wound healing in which tissue contains very few collagen fibers (Col I). In this study, we investigate the therapeutic effects of ASCs in a rat model of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Rats were treated with ASCs for 4 weeks in vivo, then biochemical and histopathological analyses were performed. Furthermore, we established cell co-culture systems of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and ASCs and of M1 macrophages and ASCs in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used as a positive control. The results showed that ASC transplantation alleviated liver fibrosis effectively as evidenced by reduced collagen accumulation, decreased fatty degeneration, increased hepatocyte regeneration, decreased inflammation and significantly enhanced liver function; moreover, ASCs decreased the expression of pro-fibrogenic factors including TGF-β and α-SMA. Additionally, our study showed that ASCs inhibit HSC activation and proliferation by controlling the expression of MMPs, TIMP1, TGF-β, α-SMA and COL1A2 involved in these processes. Our results suggested that ASCs alleviate liver fibrosis effectively and inhibit HSC activation. Thus, ASCs may serve as a novel stem cell source for the treatment of liver fibrosis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Rong
- The Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai St,, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai St., Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Guokun Zhang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye St., Changchun, 130112, Jilin, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin St., Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Chunyi Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye St., Changchun, 130112, Jilin, China.
| | - Yimin Wang
- The Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai St,, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
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Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in the therapy of the rats with bile duct ligation. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 847:130-142. [PMID: 30690000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 reversed the high MDA- and NO-tissue values to the healthy levels. Thereby, BPC 157 therapy cured rats with bile duct ligation (BDL) (sacrifice at 2, 4, 6, 8 week). BPC 157-medication (10 μg/kg, 10 ng/kg) was continuously in drinking water (0.16 μg/ml, 0.16 ng/ml, 12 ml/rat/day) since awakening from surgery, or since week 4. Intraperitoneal administration was first at 30 min post-ligation, last at 24 h before sacrifice. Local bath BPC 157 (10 µg/kg) with assessed immediate normalization of portal hypertension was given immediately after establishing portal hypertension values at 4, 6, 8 week. BPC 157 therapy markedly abated jaundice, snout, ears, paws, and yellow abdominal tegmentum in controls since 4th week, ascites, nodular, steatotic liver with large dilatation of main bile duct, increased liver and/or cyst weight, decreased body weight. BPC 157 counteracts the piecemeal necrosis, focal lytic necrosis, apoptosis and focal inflammation, disturbed cell proliferation (Ki-67-staining), cytoskeletal structure in the hepatic stellate cell (α-SMA staining), collagen presentation (Mallory staining). Likewise, counteraction includes increased AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, total bilirubin, direct and indirect and decreased albumin serum levels. As the end-result appear normalized MDA- and NO-tissue values, next to Western blot of NOS2 and NOS3 in the liver tissue, and decreased IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β levels in liver tissue. Finally, although portal hypertension is sustained in BDL-rats, with BPC 157 therapy, portal hypertension in BDL-rats is either not even developed or rapidly abated, depending on the given BPC 157's regimen. Thus, BPC 157 may counteract liver fibrosis and portal hypertension.
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Rajapaksha IG, Angus PW, Herath CB. Current therapies and novel approaches for biliary diseases. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2019; 10:1-10. [PMID: 30622832 PMCID: PMC6318481 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v10.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases that inevitably lead to hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma have become a major cause of illness and death worldwide. Among them, cholangiopathies or cholestatic liver diseases comprise a large group of conditions in which injury is primarily focused on the biliary system. These include congenital diseases (such as biliary atresia and cystic fibrosis), acquired diseases (such as primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis), and those that arise from secondary damage to the biliary tree from obstruction, cholangitis or ischaemia. These conditions are associated with a specific pattern of chronic liver injury centered on damaged bile ducts that drive the development of peribiliary fibrosis and, ultimately, biliary cirrhosis and liver failure. For most, there is no established medical therapy and, hence, these diseases remain one of the most important indications for liver transplantation. As a result, there is a major need to develop new therapies that can prevent the development of chronic biliary injury and fibrosis. This mini-review briefly discusses the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis and its progression to cirrhosis. We make a special emphasis on biliary fibrosis and current therapeutic options, such as angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (known as ACE2) over-expression in the diseased liver as a novel potential therapy to treat this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu G Rajapaksha
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Peter W Angus
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Chandana B Herath
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
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23
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Tu C, Niu M, Li C, Liu Z, He Q, Li R, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Wang J. Network pharmacology oriented study reveals inflammatory state-dependent dietary supplement hepatotoxicity responses in normal and diseased rats. Food Funct 2019; 10:3477-3490. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01974f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rhubarb, a well-used herbal and dietary supplement, has been widely used as a laxative in many countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Tu
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 610000
- China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
| | - Ming Niu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Chunyu Li
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Qin He
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Integrative Medical Center for Liver Diseases
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
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Jamhiri I, Shahin K, Khodabandeh Z, Kalantar K, Sarvari J, Atapour A, Mina F, Ahmadnejad A, Hosseini SY. Recombinant NS3 Protein Induced Expression of Immune Modulatory Elements in Hepatic Stellate Cells During Its Fibrotic Activity. Viral Immunol 2018; 31:575-582. [PMID: 30281404 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2018.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of studies that show the important role of NS3 protein from hepatitis C virus in fibrosis. However, mechanisms of the effects of this protein on immune modulation of stellate cells remain to be investigated. Herein, the effect of NS3 protein on the expression level of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1/3 and interleukin-24 (IL-24)-related genes was investigated in hepatic stellate cell (HSC), LX-2. Recombinant NS3 protein was added to LX-2 HSC culture. Leptin and standard medium treatments were also included in experiments as positive and negative controls, respectively. Total RNA was extracted from each well at 6, 12, and 24 h after NS3 addition. The expression levels of the fibrotic (transforming growth factor beta 1 [TGF-β], alpha-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA], and COL1A1), inflammatory (IL-6 and IL-24), IL-20R, IL-22R, and immunosuppressive genes (SOCS1 and SOCS3) were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Recombinant NS3 protein induced activated phenotypes of LX-2 with a significant increase in the expression level of α-SMA COL1A1 (p < 0.0001) and TGF-β. Moreover, this exposure led to a meaningful elevation in the expression of IL-6. Furthermore, compared with leptin (control), after the stellate cell treatment with NS3, SOCS1 and SOCS3 gene expression induced at a comparable level. Compared with the control sample, the NS3 protein significantly increased the expression level of IL-24 and its related receptors, IL-20R and IL-22R. This study not only confirmed the previously proved inflammatory and fibrotic effect of this protein but also indicated that high expression levels of SOCS1, SOCS3, and IL-24 have a significant effect on HSC activation. Therefore, these two molecules can be used as a potential therapeutic target candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Jamhiri
- 1 Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khashayar Shahin
- 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan , Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Khodabandeh
- 1 Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- 3 Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- 4 Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran .,5 Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Atapour
- 6 Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mina
- 5 Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asma Ahmadnejad
- 5 Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Younes Hosseini
- 1 Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran .,5 Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
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Srivastava A, Shukla V, Tiwari D, Gupta J, Kumar S, Kumar A. Targeted therapy of chronic liver diseases with the inhibitors of angiogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:256-266. [PMID: 29859468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis appears to be intrinsically associated with the progression of chronic liver diseases, which eventually leads to the development of cirrhosis and related complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Several studies have suggested that this association is relevant for chronic liver disease (CLD) progression, with angiogenesis. The fact that angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in CLDs gives rise to new opportunities for treating CLDs. Inhibitor of angiogenesis has proved effective for the treatment of patients suffering from CLD. However, it is limited in diagnosis. The last decade has witnessed a plethora of publications which elucidate the potential of angiogenesis inhibitors for the therapy of CLD. The close relationship between the progression of CLDs and angiogenesis emphasizes the need for anti-angiogenic therapy to block/slow down CLD progression. The present review summarizes all these discussions, the results of the related studies carried out to date and the future prospects in this field. We discuss liver angiogenesis in normal and pathophysiologic conditions with a focus on the role and future use of angiogenic factors as second-line treatment of CLD. This review compiles relevant findings and offers opinions that have emerged in last few years relating liver angiogenesis and its treatment using anti-angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Srivastava
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vanistha Shukla
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepika Tiwari
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jaya Gupta
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
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TIPE2 attenuates liver fibrosis by reversing the activated hepatic stellate cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:199-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Shirai K, Tanaka SI, Lovicu FJ, Saika S. The murine lens: A model to investigate in vivo epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:340-345. [PMID: 28480986 PMCID: PMC5836960 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) produces myofibroblasts that contribute to the formation of fibrotic tissue with an impairment of tissue homeostasis and functionality. The crystalline lens of the eye is a unique transparent and isolated tissue. The lens vesicle becomes isolated from the surface ectoderm, its cells are all contained as they line the inner surface of the lens capsule. Clinically the formation of fibrotic tissue by the lens epithelial cells causes a type of cataract or opacification and contraction of the lens capsule postcataract surgery. Production of EMT in the intact animal lens by using specific gene transfer to the lens or experimental lens injury has been shown to be a powerful tool to investigate EMT processes. It is not easy to uncover whether the origin of the myofibroblast is epithelial cell‐derived or from other cell lineages in fibrotic tissues. However, myofibroblasts that appear in the crystalline lens pathology are totally derived from the lens epithelial cells for the reasons mentioned above. Here, we report on different animal models of lens EMT, using either transgenic approaches or injury to study the biological aspects of EMT. Developmental Dynamics 247:340–345, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Developmental Dynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists Lens, Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Shirai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Sai-Ichi Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- Save Sight Institute and Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, vascular inflammation and insulin resistance are exacerbated by TRAIL deletion in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1898. [PMID: 28507343 PMCID: PMC5432513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incorporates steatosis, non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH) and liver cirrhosis, associating with diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is protective of CVD. We aimed to determine whether TRAIL protects against insulin resistance, NAFLD and vascular injury. Twelve-week high fat diet (HFD)-fed Trail−/− mice had increased plasma cholesterol, insulin and glucose compared to wildtype. Insulin tolerance was impaired with TRAIL-deletion, with reduced p-Akt, GLUT4 expression and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Hepatic triglyceride content, inflammation and fibrosis were increased with TRAIL-deletion, with elevated expression of genes regulating lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. Moreover, Trail−/− mice exhibited reduced aortic vasorelaxation, impaired insulin signaling, and >20-fold increased mRNA expression for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. In vitro, palmitate treatment of hepatocytes increased lipid accumulation, inflammation and fibrosis, with TRAIL mRNA significantly reduced. TRAIL administration inhibited palmitate-induced hepatocyte lipid uptake. Finally, patients with NASH had significantly reduced plasma TRAIL compared to control, simple steatosis or obese individuals. These findings suggest that TRAIL protects against insulin resistance, NAFLD and vascular inflammation. Increasing TRAIL levels may be an attractive therapeutic strategy, to reduce features of diabetes, as well as liver and vascular injury, so commonly observed in individuals with NAFLD.
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Kim SM, Choi JE, Hur W, Kim JH, Hong SW, Lee EB, Lee JH, Li TZ, Sung PS, Yoon SK. RAR-Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (ROR-γ) Mediates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Of Hepatocytes During Hepatic Fibrosis. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2026-2036. [PMID: 27791279 PMCID: PMC5488206 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in many different types of cellular behavior, including liver fibrosis. In this report, we studied a novel function of RAR‐related orphan receptor gamma (ROR‐γ) in hepatocyte EMT during liver fibrosis. To induce EMT in vitro, primary hepatocytes and FL83B cells were treated with TGF‐β1. Expression of ROR‐γ was analyzed by Western blot in the fibrotic mouse livers and human livers with cirrhosis. To verify the role of ROR‐γ in hepatocyte EMT, we silenced ROR‐γ in FL83B cells using a lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA) vector. The therapeutic effect of ROR‐γ silencing was investigated in a mouse model of TAA‐induced fibrosis by hydrodynamic injection of plasmids. ROR‐γ expression was elevated in hepatocyte cells treated with TGF‐β1, and ROR‐γ protein levels were elevated in the fibrotic mouse livers and human livers with cirrhosis. Knockdown of ROR‐γ resulted in the attenuation of TGF‐β1‐induced EMT in hepatocytes. Strikingly, ROR‐γ bound to ROR‐specific DNA response elements (ROREs) in the promoter region of TGF‐β type I receptor (Tgfbr1) and Smad2, resulting in the downregulation of Tgfbr1 and Smad2 after silencing of ROR‐γ. Therapeutic delivery of shRNA against ROR‐γ attenuated hepatocyte EMT and ameliorated liver fibrosis in a mouse model of TAA‐induced liver fibrosis. Overall, our results suggest that ROR‐γ regulates TGF‐β‐induced EMT in hepatocytes during liver fibrosis. We suggest that ROR‐γ may become a potential therapeutic target in treating liver fibrosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2026–2036, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Kim
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Choi
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhee Hur
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Hong
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Byul Lee
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ho Lee
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Tian Zhu Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, School of Medical Science, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China
| | - Pil Soo Sung
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, #505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-gu, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kew Yoon
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, #505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-gu, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
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Huang Y, Deng X, Liang J. Modulation of hepatic stellate cells and reversibility of hepatic fibrosis. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:420-426. [PMID: 28238836 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is the pathological component of a variety of chronic liver diseases. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the main collagen-producing cells in the liver and their activation promotes HF. If HSC activation and proliferation can be inhibited, HF occurrence and development can theoretically be reduced and even reversed. Over the past ten years, a number of studies have addressed this process, and here we present a review of HSC modulation and HF reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Faculty of Graduate Studies of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Xin Deng
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 10 East China Road, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Jian Liang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China.
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Clinical Advancements in the Targeted Therapies against Liver Fibrosis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:7629724. [PMID: 27999454 PMCID: PMC5143744 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7629724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis, characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins leading to liver dysfunction, is a growing cause of mortality worldwide. Hepatocellular damage owing to liver injury leads to the release of profibrotic factors from infiltrating inflammatory cells that results in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Upon activation, HSCs undergo characteristic morphological and functional changes and are transformed into proliferative and contractile ECM-producing myofibroblasts. Over recent years, a number of therapeutic strategies have been developed to inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis, inflammatory responses, and HSCs proliferation and activation. Preclinical studies have yielded numerous targets for the development of antifibrotic therapies, some of which have entered clinical trials and showed improved therapeutic efficacy and desirable safety profiles. Furthermore, advancements have been made in the development of noninvasive markers and techniques for the accurate disease assessment and therapy responses. Here, we focus on the clinical developments attained in the field of targeted antifibrotics for the treatment of liver fibrosis, for example, small molecule drugs, antibodies, and targeted drug conjugate. We further briefly highlight different noninvasive diagnostic technologies and will provide an overview about different therapeutic targets, clinical trials, endpoints, and translational efforts that have been made to halt or reverse the progression of liver fibrosis.
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Asada K, Aihara Y, Takaya H, Noguchi R, Namisaki T, Moriya K, Uejima M, Kitade M, Mashitani T, Takeda K, Kawaratani H, Okura Y, Kaji K, Douhara A, Sawada Y, Nishimura N, Seki K, Mitoro A, Yamao J, Yoshiji H. DNA methylation of angiotensin II receptor gene in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related liver fibrosis. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:1194-1199. [PMID: 27729955 PMCID: PMC5055588 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i28.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To clarify whether Agtr1a methylation is involved in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related liver fibrosis in adult rats.
METHODS A choline-deficient amino acid (CDAA) diet model was employed for methylation analysis of NASH-related liver fibrosis. Agtr1a methylation levels were measured in the livers of CDAA- and control choline-sufficient amino acid (CSAA)-fed rats for 8 and 12 wk using quantitative methylation-specific PCR. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated by collagenase digestion of the liver, followed by centrifugation of the crude cell suspension through a density gradient. Agtr1a methylation and its gene expression were also analyzed during the activation of HSCs.
RESULTS The mean levels of Agtr1a methylation in the livers of CDAA-fed rats (11.5% and 18.6% at 8 and 12 wk, respectively) tended to be higher (P = 0.06 and 0.09, respectively) than those in the livers of CSAA-fed rats (2.1% and 5.3% at 8 and 12 wk, respectively). Agtr1a was not methylated at all in quiescent HSCs, but was clearly methylated in activated HSCs (13.8%, P < 0.01). Interestingly, although Agtr1a was hypermethylated, the Agtr1a mRNA level increased up to 2.2-fold (P < 0.05) in activated HSCs compared with that in quiescent HSCs, suggesting that Agtr1a methylation did not silence its expression but instead had the potential to upregulate its expression. These findings indicate that Agtr1a methylation and its upregulation of gene expression are associated with the development of NASH-related liver fibrosis.
CONCLUSION This is the first study to show that DNA methylation is potentially involved in the regulation of a renin-angiotensin system-related gene expression during liver fibrosis.
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Li X, Zhang M, Liu J, Huang Z, Zhao Q, Huang Y, Li X, Gao Z. Intrahepatic NK cells function suppressed in advanced liver fibrosis. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:864-72. [PMID: 27555302 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous epidemiological studies indicate that hepatitis B virus-related liver fibrosis (HBV-LF), particularly cirrhosis, represents the main risk factor for liver cancer development, the mechanisms determining the persistence of fibrosis and liver cancer pathogenesis are still poorly defined. Few studies have investigated the status of NK cells during different stages of HBV-LF. METHODS Liver tissues at least 3 cm away from the tumour site and peripheral blood were obtained simultaneously from 32 HBV-infected patients undergoing surgery for HCC at the medical centre of Sun Yat-sen University. We detected the amount of NK cells and analysed the phenotype and function of NK cells by flow cytometry. RESULTS We found that there was no difference in the amount of circulating and intrahepatic NK cells between early and advanced HBV-LF. However, NKp46 expression on intrahepatic NK cells decreased and productions of IFN-γ and perforin of intrahepatic NK cells declined apparently in patients with advanced HBV-LF. CONCLUSION In the present study, we displayed that in patients with advanced HBV-LF, the expression of NKp46 on intrahepatic NK cells as well as productions of IFN-γ and perforin of intrahepatic NK cells decreased significantly. These results indicated that the immune function of intrahepatic NK cells in patients with advanced HBV-LF was suppressed distinctly, which provided new insight into the potential role of NK cells in the persistence of fibrosis and into the occurrence of HCC following cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanlian Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehua Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Yang Y, Zhang J, Xia T, Li G, Tian T, Wang M, Wang R, Zhao L, Yang Y, Lan K, Zhou W. MicroRNA-210 promotes cancer angiogenesis by targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2553-2562. [PMID: 27666683 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia drives cancer to become more aggressive, particularly angiogenesis, and the corresponding mechanisms still need to be further investigated. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the master hypoxia-induced microRNA (miRNA) miR-210 is upregulated in HCC and participates in HCC progression, but its roles in hypoxia-induced HCC angiogenesis are still unknown. Moreover, the correlation between miR-210 expression and HCC clinical progression also needs elucidation. In the present study, we found that miR-210 expression was progressively increased from normal liver and adjacent non-tumor tissues, to incipient and advanced tumor tissues. In HCC patients, high miR-210 expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis, both tumor-free survival and overall survival. Moreover, miR-210 expression in HCC was significantly positively correlated with microvascular density. Both in vitro and in vivo studies determined that miR-210 promoted HCC angiogenesis, and the corresponding mechanism was identified to be the direct targeting and inhibition of fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 (FGFRL1) expression. Thus, we suggest a new prognosis predictor for HCC patients, and determined the roles of hypoxic miR-210 in HCC angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Tian Xia
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Gaiyun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tian
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Mengchao Wang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Linghao Zhao
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Ke Lan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
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35
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Zhang H, Yang Q, Yu T, Chen X, Huang J, Tan C, Liang B, Guo H. Comparison of T2, T1rho, and diffusion metrics in assessment of liver fibrosis in rats. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:741-750. [PMID: 27527587 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the value of T2 , T1 rho, and diffusion metrics in assessment of liver fibrosis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liver fibrosis in a rat model (n = 72) was induced by injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) at 3T. T2 , T1 rho, and diffusion parameters (apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), Dtrue ) via spin echo (SE) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) DWI with three diffusion times (DT: 80, 106, 186 msec) were obtained in surviving rats with hepatic fibrosis (n = 52) and controls (n = 8). Liver fibrosis stage (F0-F6) was identified based on pathological results using the traditional liver fibrosis staging method for rodents. Nonparametric statistical methods and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were employed to determine the diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS Mean T2 , T1 rho, ADC, and Dtrue with DT = 186 msec correlated with the severity of fibrosis with r = 0.73, 0.83, -0.83, and -0.85 (all P < 0.001), respectively. The average areas under the ROC curve at different stages for T1 rho and diffusion parameters (DT = 186 msec) were larger than those of T2 and SE DWI (0.92, 0.92, and 0.92 vs. 0.86, 0.82, and 0.83). The corresponding average sensitivity and specificity for T1 rho and diffusion parameters with a long DT were larger (89.35 and 88.90, 88.36 and 89.97, 90.16 and 87.13) than T2 and SE DWI (90.28 and 79.93, 85.30 and 77.64, 78.21 and 82.41). The performances of T1 rho and Dtrue (DT = 186 msec) were comparable (average AUC: 0.92 and 0.92). CONCLUSION Among the evaluated sequences, T1 rho and STEAM DWI with a long DT may serve as superior imaging biomarkers for assessing liver fibrosis and monitoring disease severity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:741-750.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Qihua Yang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Taihui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Radiology, Affiliated hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingwen Huang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cui Tan
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Biling Liang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China
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Zhang D, Guo Z, Zhang P, Li Y, Su X, You L, Gao M, Liu C, Wu H, Zhang X. Simplified quantification method for in vivo SPECT/CT imaging of asialoglycoprotein receptor with (99m)Tc-p(VLA-co-VNI) to assess and stage hepatic fibrosis in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25377. [PMID: 27150943 PMCID: PMC4858650 DOI: 10.1038/srep25377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study is to develop a noninvasive method of SPECT imaging to quantify and stage liver fibrosis with an Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) targeting tracer-(99m)Tc-p(VLA-co-VNI). ASGP-Rs are well known to specifically express in the mammalian liver. Here, we demonstrated ASGP-R expression decreased in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mouse model. ASGP-R expression correlated with liver fibrosis progression. ASGP-R could be a useful marker in the stage of liver fibrosis. Liver uptake value (LUV) derived by SPECT imaging was used to assess liver fibrosis in the CCl4-induced mouse model. LUV = [radioactivity (liver uptake)/radioactivity (injected)] × 100/liver volume. The LUV decreased along with the disease progression. The relationships between LUV and liver hydroxyproline (i.e. collagen), as well as Sirius Red were established and verified. A strong negative linear correlation was found between LUV and hydroxyproline levels (r = -0.83) as well as LUV and Sirius Red quantification (r = -0.83). In conclusion, SPECT imaging with (99m)Tc-p(VLA-co-VNI) is useful in evaluating and staging liver fibrosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhide Guo
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Department of Isotope, China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 2108, Beijing 102413, PR China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yesen Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Xinhui Su
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Linyi You
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mengna Gao
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Moreira ST, Silva GF, de Moraes CFV, Grotto RMT, de Moura Campos Pardini MI, Bicalho MDG, Moliterno RA. Influence of cytokine and cytokine receptor gene polymorphisms on the degree of liver damage in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Meta Gene 2016; 9:90-6. [PMID: 27200267 PMCID: PMC4864212 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis may be the result of repetitive injury to hepatocytes caused by HCV infection and the immune response to it. Cytokines regulate the inflammatory response to injury and modulate hepatic fibrogenesis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in cytokine genes may influence the cytokine expression and secretion that may contribute to hepatic fibrogenesis in HCV infection. The aim of this study was to determine the genotype of 22 SNPs found in the genes of 13 cytokines/cytokine receptors to assess the influence of polymorphic variants on the stage of liver damage in Brazilian patients chronically infected with HCV genotype 1 only. 141 unrelated patients were grouped according to their stage of fibrosis: absence of fibrosis or patients in the initial stages of fibrosis (F0-F2, n = 84), patients with advanced stages of fibrosis or cirrhosis (F3-F4, n = 57), without cirrhosis (F0-F3, n = 103), and with cirrhosis (F4, n = 38). The comparison of frequencies in each sub-sample was performed by 2 × 2 contingency tables using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Stepwise logistic regression was also used to assess independent associations between cirrhosis or fibrosis with polymorphic variants. The TNFA-308G:A genotype conferred increased risk of fibrosis and cirrhosis. The TNFA-238G:G genotype was associated with protection from cirrhosis. The IL10-819C:T genotype conferred protection from fibrosis and the IL1B-511C:T genotype conferred increased risk of cirrhosis. Some of these genotypes showed results on the borderline of statistical significance in the bivariate analysis. We conclude that gene variants of cytokines/receptors may influence liver damage in patients chronically infected by HCV genotype 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tatiana Moreira
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Parana Federal University of Technology, UTFPR, Santa Helena, Parana, Brazil
- Corresponding author at: Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Parana Federal University of Technology, UTFPR, Extension of Cherry Street, Santa Helena, Parana 85892-000, Brazil.Human Molecular Genetics LaboratoryParana Federal University of Technology, UTFPRExtension of Cherry StreetSanta HelenaParana85892-000Brazil
| | - Giovanni Faria Silva
- Gastroenterology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Fernanda Verdichio de Moraes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane Maria Tomasini Grotto
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês de Moura Campos Pardini
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria da Graça Bicalho
- Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility Laboratory, Genetics Department, Paraná Federal University, UFPR, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alberto Moliterno
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Maringa State University, UEM, Maringa, PR, Brazil
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Abu-Elsaad NM, Serrya MS, El-Karef AM, Ibrahim TM. The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, 17-AAG, attenuates thioacetamide induced liver fibrosis in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:275-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Husic-Selimovic A, Sofic A, Huskic J, Bulja D. Effect of Antiviral Therapy on Serum Activity of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. Med Arch 2016; 70:92-6. [PMID: 27147779 PMCID: PMC4851539 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2016.70.92-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Renin-angiotenzin system (RAS) is frequently activated in patients with chronic liver disease. Angiotenzin - II (AT-II), produced by angiotenzin converting enzyme (ACE), has many physiological effects, including an important role in liver fibrogenesis. Combined antiviral therapy with PEG-IFN and ribavirin besides its antiviral effect also leads to a reduction in liver parenchyma fibrosis. Aim of the study: Determining the value of ACE in serum of patients with chronic hepatitis C before and after combined antiviral therapy, as well as the value of ACE activities in sera of the control group. Materials and methods: We studied 50 patients treated at Gastroenterohepatology Department, in the time-period of four years. Value of ACE in serum was determined by Olympus AU 400 device, with application of kit “Infinity TN ACE Liquid Stable Reagent”. HCV RNA levels in sera were measured by real time PCR. HCV RNA test was performed with modular analysis of AMPLICOR and COBAS AMPLICOR HCV MONITOR test v2.0, which has proved infection and was used for quantification of the viruses and monitoring of the patients’ response to therapy. Liver histology was evaluated in accordance with the level of necroinflammation activity and stage of fibrosis. Results: Serum activities of ACE in chronic hepatitis C patients is statistically higher than the values in the control group (p=0.02). Antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients statistically decreases serum activities of ACE (p= 0.02) and indirectly affects fibrogenesis of the liver parenchyma. Correlation between ACE and ALT activity after the therapy was proved (0.3934). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the activity of ACE in serum is a good indirect parameter of the liver damage, and could be used as an indirect prognostic factor of the level of liver parenchyma damage. Serum activity of ACE can be used as a parameter for non-invasive assessment of intensity of liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Husic-Selimovic
- Institute of Gastroenterohepatology, University Clinical Center Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amela Sofic
- Clinic of Radiology, University Clinical Center Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jasminko Huskic
- Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Deniz Bulja
- Clinic of Radiology, University Clinical Center Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Aylon Y, Gershoni A, Rotkopf R, Biton IE, Porat Z, Koh AP, Sun X, Lee Y, Fiel MI, Hoshida Y, Friedman SL, Johnson RL, Oren M. The LATS2 tumor suppressor inhibits SREBP and suppresses hepatic cholesterol accumulation. Genes Dev 2016; 30:786-97. [PMID: 27013235 PMCID: PMC4826395 DOI: 10.1101/gad.274167.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Aylon et al. performed a screen for proteins that interact with LATS2, a key player in the Hippo pathway. They delineate a new role for LATS2 in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism through direct interaction with and inhibition of the transcription factor SREBP2, a master regulator of cholesterol homeostasis. The Hippo signaling pathway is a major regulator of organ size. In the liver, Hippo pathway deregulation promotes hyperplasia and hepatocellular carcinoma primarily through hyperactivation of its downstream effector, YAP. The LATS2 tumor suppressor is a core member of the Hippo pathway. A screen for LATS2-interacting proteins in liver-derived cells identified the transcription factor SREBP2, master regulator of cholesterol homeostasis. LATS2 down-regulation caused SREBP activation and accumulation of excessive cholesterol. Likewise, mice harboring liver-specific Lats2 conditional knockout (Lats2-CKO) displayed constitutive SREBP activation and overexpressed SREBP target genes and developed spontaneous fatty liver disease. Interestingly, the impact of LATS2 depletion on SREBP-mediated transcription was clearly distinct from that of YAP overexpression. When challenged with excess dietary cholesterol, Lats2-CKO mice manifested more severe liver damage than wild-type mice. Surprisingly, apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis were actually attenuated relative to wild-type mice, in association with impaired p53 activation. Subsequently, Lats2-CKO mice failed to recover effectively from cholesterol-induced damage upon return to a normal diet. Additionally, decreased LATS2 mRNA in association with increased SREBP target gene expression was observed in a subset of human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease cases. Together, these findings further highlight the tight links between tumor suppressors and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Aylon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anat Gershoni
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Bioinformatics Unit, Faculty of Biological Services, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Inbal E Biton
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Faculty of Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Biological Services Department, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anna P Koh
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Xiaochen Sun
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Youngmin Lee
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Maria-Isabel Fiel
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Randy L Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Basic Science Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Yang H, Sung SH, Kim YC. The ethanolic extract of Juglans sinensis leaves and twigs attenuates CCl4-induced hepatic oxidative stress in rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:533-9. [PMID: 26246728 PMCID: PMC4522839 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.160463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The nuts of Juglans sinensis Dode, walnut tree, are rich in unsaturated fatty acids and bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity on liver damages. However, hepatoprotective activity of the leaves and twigs of J. sinensis have not intensively studied yet. Objective: Hepatoprotective activity of the refined ethanolic extract of J. sinensis (JSE3) was evaluated using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxicated rats. Materials and Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 for 6 weeks in the presence or absence of JSE3 (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight). The hepatoprotective activity of JSE3 was assessed by biochemical parameters including plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxide, reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione, along with histopathological studies on hepatic tissue. Results: JSE3 significantly decreased the elevated levels of AST and ALT and restored the reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes. JSE3 also decreased the amounts of collagen content accumulated by CCl4 intoxication. Conclusion: These results suggested that the refined extract of J. sinensis may have a potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent to treat hepatic diseases, such as fatty liver and hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejung Yang
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Young Choong Kim
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Wang A, Lin L, Wang Y. Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Penthorum chinense Pursh: A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:601-20. [PMID: 26119956 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Penthorum chinense Pursh (ganhuangcao), a traditional Chinese medicine, is used for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and alcoholic liver damage. A wide range of investigations have been carried out on this herbal medicine from pharmacognosy to pharmaceuticals, as well as pharmacology. The extract of P. chinense was reported to have significant liver protective effects through anti-oxidation, reduction of key enzyme levels, inhibition of hepatitis B virus DNA replication, and promotion of bile secretion. Based on the current knowledge, flavonoids and phenols are considered to be responsible for P. chinense's bioactivities. The main purpose of this review is to provide comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge of the phytochemical and pharmacological studies performed on P. chinense during the past few decades. Moreover, it intends to provide new insights into the research and development of this herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Wang X, Zhao W, Wang J, Shi K, Qin X, Kong Q, Wang G, Mu L, Li H, Sun B, Shi L. Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Inhibit the Activation of Liver Cirrhotic Fat-Storing Cells via Adrenomedullin Secretion. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:1325-34. [PMID: 25445161 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cirrhosis, or liver fibrosis, which is mainly triggered by cirrhosis fat-storing cells (CFSCs) activation, has traditionally been considered an irreversible disease. However, recent observations indicate that even advanced fibrosis is still reversible by removing the causative agents. Anti-fibrotic effects of bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) have been demonstrated by inhibiting CFSCs via cytokines secretion; however, the mechanisms are still unclear. AIMS The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying mechanisms by which BMSCs modulate the function of activated CFSCs. METHODS After the co-culture of CFSCs with BMSCs supernatants with or without the addition of recombinant rat adrenomedullin (AM)/AM-specific siRNA, western blot analysis was mainly used to detect the differences of relative protein expression on CFSCs. RESULTS BMSC-secreted adrenomedullin (AM) effectively inhibited the proliferation and activation of CFSCs by suppressing the expression of Ang II and its binding receptor, AT1, which resulted in a reduction of p47-phox formation. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that BMSCs inhibited CFSC activation in vitro via the AM-Ang II-p47-phox signaling pathway, and since CFSC activation is an essential part of hepatic fibrosis process, this inhibition by BMSCs implies us new insights into the potential treatment of hepatic fibrosis via BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Emergency Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Bao Jian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
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44
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GIV/Girdin is a central hub for profibrogenic signalling networks during liver fibrosis. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4451. [PMID: 25043713 PMCID: PMC4107319 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive liver fibrosis is characterized by the deposition of collagen by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Activation of HSCs is a multiple receptor-driven process in which profibrotic signals are enhanced, and anti-fibrotic pathways are suppressed. Here we report the discovery of a novel signaling platform comprised of G protein subunit, Gαi and GIV, its guanine exchange factor (GEF), which serves as a central hub within the fibrogenic signalling network initiated by diverse classes of receptors. GIV is expressed in the liver after fibrogenic injury and is required for HSC activation. Once expressed, GIV enhances the profibrotic (PI3K-Akt-FoxO1 and TGFβ-SMAD) and inhibits the anti-fibrotic (cAMP-PKA-pCREB) pathways to skew the signalling network in favor of fibrosis, all via activation of Gαi. We also provide evidence that GIV may serve as a biomarker for progression of fibrosis after liver injury and a therapeutic target for arresting and/or reversing HSC activation during liver fibrosis.
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45
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CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells contribute in liver fibrosis improvement with interferon alpha. Inflammation 2014; 36:1374-82. [PMID: 23813328 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the optimal dose, treatment time, and possible immunologic mechanisms of interferon alpha (IFN-α) in the treatment of liver fibrosis. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 10 % carbon tetrachloride to induce liver fibrosis, except in the normal control group. The experimental mice were randomly divided into four groups: physiological saline group, 20 U/gb wt IFN-α group, 40 U/gb wt IFN-α group, and 60 U/gb wt IFN-α group. After 3 and 6 weeks, type I collagen was detected in liver by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain, Masson's trichrome stain, and immunohistochemical staining. The number of CD8(+) T cells, the number of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs and the activation of CD4(+) T cells were detected in liver and spleen. Beneficial effects were observed in the 40 U/gb wt IFN-α group by pathological analysis. The number of CD8(+) T cells in the liver was significantly lower in mice receiving middle-dose IFN-α therapy as compared to mice receiving physiological saline (P < 0.05), while CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs and activation of CD4(+) T cells in the liver were significantly higher in the therapeutic group than in the physiological saline group (P < 0.05). CD8(+) T cells (r = 0.3796) and activated CD4(+) T cells (r = 0.2437) were found to be positively correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis. CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs (r = -0.7932) was found to be negatively correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis. IFN-α can inhibit liver fibrosis following 6 weeks of middle-dose IFN-α therapy by upregulating CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs and suppressing CD8(+) T cells.
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46
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Chilakamarthi U, Kandhadi J, Gunda S, Thatipalli AR, Kumar Jerald M, Lingamallu G, Reddy RC, Chaudhuri A, Pande G. Synthesis and functional characterization of a fluorescent peptide probe for non invasive imaging of collagen in live tissues. Exp Cell Res 2014; 327:91-101. [PMID: 24907653 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Targeted molecular imaging to detect changes in the structural and functional organization of tissues, at the molecular level, is a promising approach for effective and early diagnosis of diseases. Quantitative and qualitative changes in type I collagen, which is a major component in the extra cellular matrix (ECM) of skin and other vital organs like lung, liver, heart and kidneys, are often associated with the pathophysiology of these organs. We have synthesized a fluorescent probe that comprises collagelin, a specific collagen binding peptide, coupled to fluorescent porphyrin that can effectively detect abnormal deposition of collagen in live tissues by emitting fluorescence in the near infra red (NIR) region. In this report we have presented the methodology for coupling of 5-(4-carboxy phenyl)-10, 15, 20-triphenyl porphyrin (C-TPP) to the N-terminal of collagelin or to another mutant peptide (used as a control). We have evaluated the efficacy of these fluorescent peptides to detect collagen deposition in live normal and abnormal tissues. Our results strongly suggest that porphyrin-tagged collagelin can be used as an effective probe for the non invasive in vivo detection of tissue fibrosis, especially in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaipal Kandhadi
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Srinivas Gunda
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | | | - Mahesh Kumar Jerald
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Giribabu Lingamallu
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Rakesh C Reddy
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Arabinda Chaudhuri
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Gopal Pande
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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Koyama Y, Taura K, Hatano E, Tanabe K, Yamamoto G, Nakamura K, Yamanaka K, Kitamura K, Narita M, Nagata H, Yanagida A, Iida T, Iwaisako K, Fujinawa H, Uemoto S. Effects of oral intake of hydrogen water on liver fibrogenesis in mice. Hepatol Res 2014; 44:663-677. [PMID: 23682614 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Liver fibrosis is the universal consequence of chronic liver diseases. Sustained hepatocyte injury initiates an inflammatory response, thereby activating hepatic stellate cells, the principal fibrogenic cells in the liver. Reactive oxygen species are involved in liver injury and are a promising target for treating liver fibrosis. Hydrogen water is reported to have potential as a therapeutic tool for reactive oxygen species-associated disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydrogen water on liver fibrogenesis and the mechanisms underlying these effects. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed with hydrogen water or control water, and subjected to carbon tetrachloride, thioacetamide and bile duct ligation treatments to induce liver fibrosis. Hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells were isolated from mice and cultured with or without hydrogen to test the effects of hydrogen on reactive oxygen species-induced hepatocyte injuries or hepatic stellate cell activation. RESULTS Oral intake of hydrogen water significantly suppressed liver fibrogenesis in the carbon tetrachloride and thioacetamide models, but these effects were not seen in the bile duct ligation model. Treatment of isolated hepatocyte with 1 μg/mL antimycin A generated hydroxyl radicals. Culturing in the hydrogen-rich medium selectively suppressed the generation of hydroxyl radicals in hepatocytes and significantly suppressed hepatocyte death induced by antimycin A; however, it did not suppress hepatic stellate cell activation. CONCLUSION We conclude that hydrogen water protects hepatocytes from injury by scavenging hydroxyl radicals and thereby suppresses liver fibrogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Koyama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Liang J, Zhang B, Shen RW, Liu JB, Gao MH, Geng X, Li Y, Li YY, Zhang W. The effect of antifibrotic drug halofugine on Th17 cells in concanavalin A-induced liver fibrosis. Scand J Immunol 2014; 79:163-72. [PMID: 24383550 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anti-inflammation strategy is one of the proposed therapeutic approaches to hepatic fibrosis. T helper (Th) 17 cells, which play a detrimental role in experimental murine models of inflammatory diseases, have been demonstrated to participate in the pathogenesis of liver damage. The inhibitory effect of halofuginone (HF), an active component of extracts derived from the plant alkaloid febrifugine, on collagen synthesis has been shown in animal models of the fibrotic disease. The aim of this study was to clarify the in vivo effect of HF on Th17 cells in concanavalin A-induced fibrosis rats. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining were performed to observe collagen deposition. The presence of INF-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-17, IL-1beta, IL-33 and IL-10 in serum and the presence of ROR-γt, IL-17, TGF-β1 and α-SMA in liver tissue were detected. Flow cytometry was performed to analyse the percentage of Th17 cells. We observed significantly lower levels of INF-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-17, IL-1beta, TGF-β1 and α-SMA in HF-treated group of rats, and the percentage of Th17 cells in splenic lymphocyte was decreased well. Histological examination demonstrated that HF significantly reduced the severity of liver fibrosis in HF-treated rats. We concluded that HF (10 mg/kg) exerts an antifibrotic impact on Th17 cells and its relative cytokines in rats with ConA-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, QingDao, China
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49
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Stanfliet JC, Locketz M, Berman P, Pillay TS. Evaluation of the utility of serum prolidase as a marker for liver fibrosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 29:208-13. [PMID: 24798655 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver dysfunction is common and often unrecognized. Liver biopsy is the gold standard in the assessment of liver fibrosis, but has disadvantages. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of serum prolidase enzyme activity (SPA) in predicting the presence and degree of liver fibrosis, as compared with liver biopsy. Further, we evaluated the effect of hemolysis on measured SPA levels. METHODS We undertook a prospective case control study. Thirty eight outpatients without apparent liver illness and 20 patients with liver pathology scheduled to undergo liver biopsy had their SPA levels measured. RESULTS Patients undergoing liver biopsy had higher SPA levels (361 (268) IU/l [median (interquartile range)]) compared with controls (169 (160) (P < 0.001)). A SPA cutoff value of 200 IU/l yielded a sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 59%, an odds ratio of 11.5, negative predictive value of 92%, and a positive predictive value of 50%. Hemolysis causes an apparent increase in SPA levels. CONCLUSION Higher SPA levels in patients undergoing liver biopsies compared with controls may reflect the presence of liver fibrosis. SPA levels could not be used to stage the degree of fibrosis. SPA measurement may be useful in the diagnostic workup of suspected liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Stanfliet
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael Locketz
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter Berman
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tahir S Pillay
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa
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50
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Zhou IY, Gao DS, Chow AM, Fan S, Cheung MM, Ling C, Liu X, Cao P, Guo H, Man K, Wu EX. Effect of diffusion time on liver DWI: An experimental study of normal and fibrotic livers. Magn Reson Med 2013; 72:1389-96. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Y. Zhou
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Darwin S. Gao
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
| | - April M. Chow
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Shujuan Fan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Matthew M. Cheung
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Changchun Ling
- Department of Surgery; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Department of Surgery; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Peng Cao
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hua Guo
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research; Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Medicine; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ed X. Wu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
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