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Rocha ACG, Cristina-Silva C, Taxini CL, da Costa Silva KS, Lima VTM, Macari M, Bícego KC, Szawka RE, Gargaglioni LH. Embryonic Thermal Manipulation Affects Ventilation, Metabolism, Thermal Control and Central Dopamine in Newly Hatched and Juvenile Chicks. Front Physiol 2021; 12:699142. [PMID: 34220555 PMCID: PMC8249324 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.699142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The first third of incubation is critical for embryonic development, and environmental changes during this phase can affect the physiology and survival of the embryos. We evaluated the effects of low (LT), control (CT), and high (HT) temperatures during the first 5 days of incubation on ventilation (V.E), body temperature (Tb), oxygen consumption (V.O2), respiratory equivalent (V.E/V.O2), and brain monoamines on 3-days-old (3d) and 14-days-old (14d) male and female chickens. The body mass of LT animals of both ages and sexes was higher compared to HT and CT animals (except for 3d males). The heart mass of 14d HT animals was higher than that of CT animals. Thermal manipulation did not affect V.E, V.O2 or V.E/V.O2 of 3d animals in normoxia, except for 3d LT males V.E, which was lower than CT. Regarding 14d animals, the HT females showed a decrease in V.E and V.O2 compared to CT and LT groups, while the HT males displayed a lower V.O2 compared to CT males, but no changes in V.E/V.O2. Both sexes of 14d HT chickens presented a greater Tb compared to CT animals. Thermal manipulations increased the dopamine turnover in the brainstem of 3d females. No differences were observed in ventilatory and metabolic parameters in the 3d animals of either sexes, and 14d males under 7% CO2. The hypercapnic hyperventilation was attenuated in the 14d HT females due to changes in V.O2, without alterations in V.E. The 14d LT males showed a lower V.E, during hypercapnia, compared to CT, without changes in V.O2, resulting in an attenuation in V.E/V.O2. During hypoxia, 3d LT females showed an attenuated hyperventilation, modulated by a higher V.O2. In 14d LT and HT females, the increase in V.E was greater and the hypometabolic response was attenuated, compared to CT females, which resulted in no change in the V.E/V.O2. In conclusion, thermal manipulations affect hypercapnia-induced hyperventilation more so than hypoxic challenge, and at both ages, females are more affected by thermal manipulation than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline C G Rocha
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cristina-Silva
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Kaoma Stephani da Costa Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Virgínia T M Lima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcos Macari
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kênia C Bícego
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciane H Gargaglioni
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Oviedo-Rondón EO, Velleman SG, Wineland MJ. The Role of Incubation Conditions in the Onset of Avian Myopathies. Front Physiol 2020; 11:545045. [PMID: 33041856 PMCID: PMC7530269 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.545045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
White striping, wooden breast, and spaghetti muscle have become common myopathies in broilers worldwide. Several research reports have indicated that the origin of these lesions is metabolic disorders. These failures in normal metabolism can start very early in life, and suboptimal incubation conditions may trigger some of the key alterations on muscle metabolism. Incubation conditions affect the development of muscle and can be associated with the onset of myopathies. A series of experiments conducted with broilers, turkeys, and ducks are discussed to overview primary information showing the main changes in breast muscle histomorphology, metabolism, and physiology caused by suboptimal incubation conditions. These modifications may be associated with current myopathies. Those effects of incubation on myopathy occurrence and severity have also been confirmed at slaughter age. The impact of egg storage, temperature profiles, oxygen concentrations, and time of hatch have been evaluated. The effects have been observed in diverse species, genetic lines, and both genders. Histological and muscle evaluations have detected that myopathies could be induced by extended hypoxia and high temperatures, and those effects depend on the genetic line. Thus, these modifications in muscle metabolic responses may make hatchlings more susceptible to develop myopathies during grow out due to thermal stress, high-density diets, and fast growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra G. Velleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Janisch S, Sharifi A, Wicke M, Krischek C. Changing the incubation temperature during embryonic myogenesis influences the weight performance and meat quality of male and female broilers. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2581-8. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Increasing the incubation temperature between embryonic day 7 and 10 has no influence on the growth and slaughter characteristics as well as meat quality of broilers. Animal 2010; 4:810-6. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731109991698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Hutchinson DS, Summers RJ, Gibbs ME. β2- and β3-Adrenoceptors activate glucose uptake in chick astrocytes by distinct mechanisms: a mechanism for memory enhancement? J Neurochem 2007; 103:997-1008. [PMID: 17680985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenaline, acting at beta-adrenoceptors (ARs), enhances memory formation in single trial discriminated avoidance learning in day-old chicks by mechanisms involving alterations in glucose and glycogen metabolism. Earlier studies of memory consolidation in chicks indicated that beta3-ARs enhanced memory by increasing glucose uptake, whereas beta2-ARs enhance memory by increasing glycogenolysis. This study examines the ability of beta-ARs to increase glucose uptake in chick forebrain astrocytes. The beta-AR agonist isoprenaline increased glucose uptake in a concentration-dependent manner, as did insulin. Glucose uptake was increased by the beta2-AR agonist zinterol and the beta3-AR agonist CL316243, but not by the beta1-AR agonist RO363. In chick astrocytes, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction studies showed that beta1-, beta2-, and beta3-AR mRNA were present, whereas radioligand-binding studies showed the presence of only beta2- and beta3-ARs. beta-AR or insulin-mediated glucose uptake was inhibited by phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and protein kinase C inhibitors, suggesting a possible interaction between the beta-AR and insulin pathways. However beta2- and beta3-ARs increase glucose uptake by two different mechanisms: beta2-ARs via a Gs-cAMP-protein kinase A-dependent pathway, while beta3-ARs via interactions with Gi. These results indicate that activation of beta2- and beta3-ARs causes glucose uptake in chick astrocytes by distinct mechanisms, which may be relevant for memory enhancement.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists
- Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Brain/cytology
- Brain/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Chick Embryo
- Dioxoles/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Ethanolamines/pharmacology
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/drug effects
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/drug effects
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/metabolism
- Glucose/metabolism
- Glucose/pharmacokinetics
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Isoproterenol/pharmacology
- Memory/drug effects
- Memory/physiology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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