1
|
Bojórquez-Sánchez AM, Diaz-Vidal T, Rosales-Rivera LC, Leyva-Soto LA, Martínez-Alarcón D, Díaz-Tenorio LM, Martínez-Pérez RB. A contribution to lipid digestion of Odobenidae family: Computational analysis of gastric and pancreatic lipases from walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:132985. [PMID: 38871103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are a primary energy source for marine mammals during lipid digestion. Walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) consume prey with a high content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids; however, their digestive physiology and lipid digestion remain poorly studied. The present study aims to model and characterize the gastric (PWGL) and pancreatic (PWPL) lipases of Pacific walruses using an in-silico approach. The confident 3D models of PWGL and PWPL were obtained via homology modeling and protein threading and displayed the structural features of lipases. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated substrate selectivity for long-chain TAG (Trieicosapentaenoin; TC20:5n-3) in PWGL and short-chain TAG (Trioctanoin; TC8:0) in PWPL. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that PWGL bound to tridocosahexaenoin (TC22:6n-3), the protein is considerably stable at all three salinity conditions, but fluctuations are observed in the regions associated with catalytic sites and the lid, indicating the potential hydrolysis of the substrate. This is the first study to report on the digestion of TAGs in walruses, including modeling and lipases characterization and proposing a digestive tract for pinnipeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Bojórquez-Sánchez
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 85137 Ciudad Obregón, Mexico
| | - Tania Diaz-Vidal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Alonso Leyva-Soto
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 85137 Ciudad Obregón, Mexico; CONAHCYT Chair Program, Researchers for México, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col Crédito Constructor Demarcación Territorial Benito Juárez, 03940 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Diana Martínez-Alarcón
- UMR-MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | - Raúl Balam Martínez-Pérez
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 85137 Ciudad Obregón, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rajagopalan A, Narasimhan S. Do lipases and amylases of an endangered Indian carp Hypselobarbus pulchellus play a role in visceral fat dynamics; evidence of in vitro macromolecular interactions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132822. [PMID: 38830493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Fat depots or triglycerides are hydrolysed by the action of lipases in fish to be used for energy and/or for growth and reproduction. In herbivores fishes, de novo synthesis of lipids from non- lipid substrates (glucose) leads to fat deposits and/or fatty infiltration in organs especially on ovaries limiting its normal functions. This study was aimed to understand lipases from the digestive tract (DT) of adult Hypselobarbus pulchellus of different sizes, their partial purification, characterisation and their isozymes. In-vitro hydrolysis study on interaction of carbohydrate with proteins was evaluated to establish specific protein selection that combat undue glucose release. Results of the study identified four lipase isoenzymes of ~ mol. wt 19.88, 24.29, 32.86, 54.56 kDa with optimal pH of 3.5 and 8, pH stability between pH 5.5-10; optimal temperature at 35 °C and heat stability between 35 and 45 °C. Characterisation studies indicated presence of thiol group in their active site and Ca, Na and Zn ions activated lipase activity. Rice bran as carbohydrate source when used along with azolla (plant protein) and fish meal (animal protein) may combat undue release of excess glucose that leads to visceral fat formation in H. pulchellus as assessed from in vitro studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Rajagopalan
- Regional Research Centre of ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Hesserghatta Lake Post, Bangalore, India
| | - Sridhar Narasimhan
- Regional Research Centre of ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Hesserghatta Lake Post, Bangalore, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Patchimpet J, Sangkharak K, Eiad-ua A, Klomklao S. Thermoseparating aqueous two-phase system for lipase recovery and partitioning from Nile tilapia viscera: Biochemical properties and effect of ultrasound. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
4
|
Chávez-Rodríguez L, Rodríguez-Viera L, Montero-Alejo V, Perdomo-Morales R, Mancera JM, Perera E. A Very Active α-Amylase and an Inhibitor-Based
Control of Proteinases Are Key Features of Digestive Biochemistry
of the Omnivorous Caribbean King Crab Maguimithrax
spinosissimus. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093020060083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
5
|
Achouri N, Tomàs-Gamisans M, Triki S, Valero F, Miled N, Fendri A, Smichi N. Dissecting the Interaction Deficiency of a Cartilaginous Fish Digestive Lipase with Pancreatic Colipase: Biochemical and Structural Insights. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3064290. [PMID: 32258111 PMCID: PMC7094207 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3064290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A full-length cDNA encoding digestive lipase (SmDL) was cloned from the pancreas of the smooth-hound (Mustelus mustelus). The obtained cDNA was 1350 bp long encoding 451 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence has high similarity with known pancreatic lipases. Catalytic triad and disulphide bond positions are also conserved. According to the established phylogeny, the SmDL was grouped with those of tuna and Sparidae lipases into one fish digestive lipase cluster. The recently purified enzyme shows no dependence for bile salts and colipase. For this, the residue-level interactions between lipase-colipase are yet to be clearly understood. The structural model of the SmDL was built, and several dissimilarities were noticed when analyzing the SmDL amino acids corresponding to those involved in HPL binding to colipase. Interestingly, the C-terminal domain of SmDL which holds the colipase shows a significant role for colipase interaction. This is apt to prevent the interaction between fish lipase and the pancreatic colipase which and can provide more explanation on the fact that the classical colipase is unable to activate the SmDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neila Achouri
- University of Sfax, ENIS, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Road of Soukra, BPW 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Màrius Tomàs-Gamisans
- UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Bellaterra Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soumaya Triki
- University of Sfax, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, BP 111 7 Road Sidi Mansour km 6, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Francisco Valero
- UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Bellaterra Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nabil Miled
- University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Functional Genomics and Plant Physiology Unit, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Fendri
- University of Sfax, ENIS, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Road of Soukra, BPW 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Smichi
- University of Sfax, ENIS, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Road of Soukra, BPW 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Korez Š, Gutow L, Saborowski R. Feeding and digestion of the marine isopod Idotea emarginata challenged by poor food quality and microplastics. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 226:108586. [PMID: 31400475 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of microplastics can impair nutrition of marine invertebrates. In a laboratory study, we tested whether microplastics affect ingestion rates and gastrointestinal enzyme activities in the marine isopod Idotea emarginata. Isopods were fed for eight days with one out of four different food formulations: natural food (the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus) or synthetic diet consisting of freeze-dried algal powder embedded in agarose, both, with or without microplastic particles (fluorescent polymethyl methacrylate, 10-100 μm) at a concentration of 40 items per mg of food. The isopods accepted both types of food but consumed significantly more (average 3.1-fold) of the agar based synthetic food. I. emarginata responded to the reduced content of digestible organic matter in the synthetic food by a compensatory adjustment of the ingestion rates. Addition of microplastics had no effect on ingestion rates in natural food whereas the feeding rates for synthetic food varied in response to microplastics. Similarly, activity patterns of digestive enzymes, particularly those of esterases, changed significantly in the treatment with synthetic food. Isopods fed with synthetic food alone showed elevated esterase activities in the gut while those isopods fed with synthetic food and microplastics showed elevated esterase activities in the midgut gland but not in the gut. Apparently, not the exposure to microplastic alone, but the combined effects of reduced nutrient availability and microplastic ingestion caused considerable biochemical reactions in the digestive organs of the isopods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Špela Korez
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Lars Gutow
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Reinhard Saborowski
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu P, Mo W, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Li N. RETRACTED: Effluent containing Rubrivivax gelatinosus promoting the yield, digestion system, disease resistance, mTOR and NF-kB signaling pathway, intestinal microbiota and aquaculture water quality of crucian carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:166-174. [PMID: 31446081 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of Editors-in-Chief and first Author. The article duplicates significant parts of a paper that had already appeared in Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Volume 93 (2019) 726-731, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.052. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that the paper has not been previously published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. As such this article represents a misuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process. The first author informed the journal that the article was published without the knowledge of the co-authors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wu
- School of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China; School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wentao Mo
- School of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The third affiliated hospital of SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- School of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China; School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China; School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Zhaobo Chen
- School of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China; School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Ning Li
- School of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China; School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu D, Huang Y, Chen Q, Jiang Q, Li Y, Zhao Y. Effects and transcriptional responses in the hepatopancreas of red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus under cold stress. J Therm Biol 2019; 85:102404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
9
|
Patchimpet J, Sangkharak K, Klomklao S. Lipolytic activity of viscera extract from three freshwater fish species in Phatthalung, Thailand: Comparative studies and potential use as dishwashing detergent additive. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
10
|
Frías-Quintana CA, Álvarez-González CA, Guerrero-Zárate R, Valverde-Chavarría S, Ulloa-Rojas JB. Changes in digestive enzymes activities during the initial ontogeny of wolf cichlid, Parachromis dovii (Perciformes: Cichlidae). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20180161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Wolf cichlid, Parachromis dovii, is a species with a high potential for aquaculture in Central America; however, the knowledge of the digestive physiology in larvae period is limited. For these reason, this study evaluated the changes on digestive enzymes (alkaline and acid proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase, lipases, amylases, and phosphatases) during early ontogeny by biochemical analysis. All digestive enzymes were detected at first feeding (6 days after hatching, DAH, 9.49 mm, 168 degree-days DD). Afterwards all enzymes reached two main peaks in activity at 14 or 22 DAH (15.10 mm, 364 DD and 20.83 mm, 550 DD, respectively). Later, there was a gradual decrease in activity for trypsin and acid and alkaline phosphatases until reach the lowest values at 41 DAH. In the case of acid proteases, chymotrypsin, aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase, lipase and amylase, all activities reached their maximum values at the end of the larval period, except for alkaline proteases, which showed the maximum value at 14 DAH (15.10 mm, 364 DD). Parachromis dovii larvae have an early capability to hydrolyze exogenous food, agreeing with other carnivorous neotropical cichlid species, for this reason we proposed that the weaning process could begin at 14 DAH.
Collapse
|
11
|
Divya M B, Vemula M, Balakrishnan K, Banerjee S, Guruprasad L. Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE1 and PE2 proteins carrying conserved α/β-serine hydrolase domain are esterases hydrolyzing short to medium chain p-nitrophenyl esters. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 140:90-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
12
|
Rangel-Mendoza J, Hernández-García J, Álvarez-González CA, Guerrero-Zárate R, Zenteno-Ruiz CE, López-Luna MA. Digestive proteases and in vitro protein digestibility of feed ingredients for the Central American river turtle, Dermatemys mawii. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1102-1110. [PMID: 29654620 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Functional characteristics of digestive proteases and in vitro digestibility of several protein sources were studied in hatchlings of Central American river turtles, Dermatemys mawii. Acidic and alkaline proteases from the stomach and intestines were used, and optimums for acidic proteases were registered at 55°C and pH 2, while alkaline proteases were found at 55°C and pH 9. Ten protein ingredients, both vegetable and animal sources, were explored by the pH-STAT method, only for alkaline proteases. The degree of hydrolysis was at its highest for squid meal and lowest for blood meal, while the total free amino acids level was at its highest for squid meal, and lowest for wheat gluten meal. Our results indicate that D. mawii has a broad capacity to digest both animal and vegetable sources, and suggests some ingredients more suitable to design artificial diets for this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Rangel-Mendoza
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - J Hernández-García
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - C A Álvarez-González
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - R Guerrero-Zárate
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - C E Zenteno-Ruiz
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - M A López-Luna
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Expression, Purification and Characterisation of Secreted Esterase Rv2525c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Linton SM, Saborowski R, Shirley AJ, Penny JA. Digestive enzymes of two brachyuran and two anomuran land crabs from Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. J Comp Physiol B 2014; 184:449-68. [PMID: 24566501 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The digestive ability of four sympatric land crabs species (the gecarcinids, Gecarcoidea natalis and Discoplax celeste and the anomurans, Birgus latro and Coenobita perlatus) was examined by determining the activity of their digestive enzymes. The gecarcinids are detritivores that consume mainly leaf litter; the robber crab, B. latro, is an omnivore that preferentially consumes items high in lipid, carbohydrate and/or protein; C. perlatus is also an omnivore/detritivore. All species possess protease, lipase and amylase activity for hydrolysing ubiquitous protein, lipid and storage polysaccharides (glycogen and starch). Similarly all species possess enzymes such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, the cellulases, endo-β-1,4-glucanase and β-glucohydrolase and hemicellulases, lichenase and laminarinase for the respective hydrolysis of structural substrates chitin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, lichenan and laminarin. Except for the enzyme activities of C. perlatus, enzyme activity could not be correlated to dietary preference. Perhaps others factors such as olfactory and locomotor ability and metabolic status may determine the observed dietary preferences. The digestive fluid of C. perlatus possessed higher endo-β-1,4-glucanase, lichenase and laminarinase activities compared to that of the other species. Thus, C. perlatus may be efficient at digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose within plant material. Zymography indicated that the majority of protease, lipase, phosphatase, amylase, endo-β-1,4-glucanase, β-glucohydrolase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase isozymes were common to all species, and hence were inherited from a common aquatic ancestor. Differences were observed for the phosphatase, lipase and endo-β-1,4-glucanase isozymes. These differences are discussed in relation to phylogeny and possible evolution to cope with the adoption of a terrestrial diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M Linton
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3217, Australia,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Thongprajukaew K, Kovitvadhi U. Effects of sex on characteristics and expression levels of digestive enzymes in the adult guppy Poecilia reticulata. Zool Stud 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1810-522x-52-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
16
|
Sultana R, Vemula MH, Banerjee S, Guruprasad L. The PE16 (Rv1430) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an esterase belonging to serine hydrolase superfamily of proteins. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55320. [PMID: 23383323 PMCID: PMC3562317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The PE and PPE multigene families, first discovered during the sequencing of M. tuberculosis H37Rv genome are responsible for antigenic variation and have been shown to induce increased humoral and cell mediated immune response in the host. Using the bioinformatics tools, we had earlier reported that the 225 amino acid residue PE-PPE domain (Pfam: PF08237) common to some PE and PPE proteins has a “serine α/β hydrolase” fold and conserved Ser, Asp and His catalytic triad characteristic of lipase, esterase and cutinase activities. In order to prove experimentally that PE-PPE domain is indeed a serine hydrolase, we have cloned the full-length Rv1430 and its PE-PPE domain into pET-28a vector, expressed the proteins in E. coli and purified to homogeneity. The activity assays of both purified proteins were carried out using p-nitrophenyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids with varying chain length (C2–C16) to study the substrate specificity. To characterize the active site of the PE-PPE domain, we mutated the Ser199 to Ala. The activity of the protein in the presence of serine protease inhibitor- PMSF and the mutant protein were measured. Our results reveal that Rv1430 and its PE-PPE domain possess esterase activity and hydrolyse short to medium chain fatty acid esters with the highest specific activity for pNPC6 at 37°C, 38°C and pH 7.0, 8.0. The details of this work and the observed results are reported in this manuscript.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafiya Sultana
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mani Harika Vemula
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sharmishta Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Freese D, Kreibich T, Niehoff B. Characteristics of digestive enzymes of calanoid copepod species from different latitudes in relation to temperature, pH and food. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 162:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
18
|
Uscanga-Martínez A, Perales-García N, Alvarez-González CA, Moyano FJ, Tovar-Ramírez D, Gisbert GE, Márquez-Couturier G, Contreras-Sánchez WM, Arias-Rodríguez L, Indy JR. Changes in digestive enzyme activity during initial ontogeny of bay snook Petenia splendida. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2011; 37:667-680. [PMID: 21327498 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Several samples of P. splendida larvae were obtained from eggs until day 60 after hatching (dah) to determine acid and alkaline proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, α-amylase, lipase, and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities using biochemical techniques. Additionally, SDS-PAGE alkaline protease zymogram and PAGE acid protease zymogram were carried out to identify active isoforms during larviculture. Alkaline protease and chymotrypsin were present at the moment of hatching, increased gradually reaching the maximum values at 35 dah. Trypsin and leucine aminopeptidase activities were low from hatching, increasing gradually as larvae grew. Alkaline protease zymogram showed four zymogens, which appears at different days, remaining present until the end of the larviculture (95.2 kDa at 11 dah, 26.4 kDa at 9 dah, 21.4 kDa at 3 dah, and 23.3 kDa at hatching). Pepsin activity was present at day 7 after hatching and increased progressively until the end of the larviculture. Acid protease zymogram only showed one zymogen (0.65 rf), which appear at 6 dah. Lipase was high at the time of hatching and increased until 15 dah, after which decreased gradually. Amylase was high from the beginning and until 15 dah and then decreased rapidly to almost nothing onward. Alkaline and acid phosphatases presented a high activity at the egg stage, fell slightly during the first feeding and increased again from 20 to 30 dah. Results obtained in this study show that larvae can be fed artificial diets starting on day 10 after hatching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Uscanga-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica Superior, La Cañada de San Urbano, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Triacylglycerol catabolism in the prawn Macrobrachium borellii (Crustacea: Palaemoniade). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 160:201-7. [PMID: 21889599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
While invertebrates store neutral lipids as their major energy source, little is known about triacylglycerol (TAG) class composition and their differential catabolism in aquatic arthropods. This study focuses on the composition of the main energy source and its catabolism by lipase from the midgut gland (hepatopancreas) of the crustacean Macrobrachium borellii. Silver-ion thin-layer chromatography of prawn large TAG deposit (80% of total lipids) and its subsequent fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography allowed the identification of 4 major fractions. These are composed of fatty acids of decreasing unsaturation and carbon chain length, the predominant being 18:1n-9. Fraction I, the most unsaturated one, contained mainly 20:5n-3; fraction II 18:2n-6; fraction III 18:1n-9 while the most saturated fraction contained mostly 16:0. Hepatopancreas main lipase (Mr 72 kDa) cross-reacted with polyclonal antibodies against insect lipase, was not dependent on the presence of Ca(2+) and had an optimum activity at 40°C and pH 8.0. Kinetic analysis showed a Michaelis-Menten behavior. A substrate competition assay evidenced lipase specificity following the order: 18:1n-9-TAG>PUFA-enriched-TAG>16:0-TAG different from that in vertebrates. These data indicate there is a reasonable correspondence between the fatty acid composition of TAG and the substrate specificity of lipase, which may be an important factor in determining which fatty acids are mobilized during lipolysis for oxidation in crustaceans.
Collapse
|
20
|
Rivera-Pérez C, García-Carreño FL, Saborowski R. Purification and biochemical characterization of digestive lipase in whiteleg shrimp. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 13:284-295. [PMID: 20464437 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Penaeus vannamei lipase was purified from midgut gland of whiteleg shrimp. Pure lipase (E.C. 3.1.1.3) was obtained after Superdex 200 gel filtration and Resource Q anionic exchange. The pure lipase, which is a glycosylated molecule, is a monomer having a molecular mass of about 44.8 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. The lipase hydrolyses short and long-chain triacylglycerols and naphthol derivates at comparable rates. A specific activity of 1787 U mg(-1) and 475 U mg(-1) was measured with triolein and tributyrin as substrates, respectively, at pH 8.0 and 30°C in the absence of colipase. The lipase showed a K (m, app) of 3.22 mM and k (cat, app)/K (m, app) of 0.303 × 10(3) mM(-1) s(-1) using triolein as substrate. Natural detergents, such as sodium deoxycholate, act as potent inhibitors of the lipase. This inhibition can be reversed by adding fresh oil emulsion. Result with tetrahydrolipstatin, an irreversible inhibitor, suggests that the lipase is a serine enzyme. Peptide sequences of the lipase were determined and compared with the full-length sequence of lipase which was obtained by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method. The full cDNA of the pvl was 1,186 bp, with a deduced protein of 362 amino acids that includes a consensus sequence (GXSXG) of the lipase superfamily of α/β-hydrolase. The gene exhibits features of conserved catalytic residues and high homology with various mammalian and insect lipase genes. A potential lid sequence is suggested for pvl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crisalejandra Rivera-Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Apdo. Postal 128, La Paz, B.C.S. 23000, Mexico
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guo J, Zheng X, Xu L, Liu Z, Xu K, Li S, Wen T, Liu S, Pang H. Characterization of a novel esterase Rv0045c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20957207 PMCID: PMC2948520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was proposed that there are at least 250 enzymes in M. tuberculosis involved in lipid metabolism. Rv0045c was predicted to be a hydrolase by amino acid sequence similarity, although its precise biochemical characterization and function remained to be defined. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We expressed the Rv0045c protein to high levels in E. coli and purified the protein to high purity. We confirmed that the prepared protein was the Rv0045c protein by mass spectrometry analysis. Circular dichroism spectroscopy analysis showed that the protein possessed abundant β-sheet secondary structure, and confirmed that its conformation was stable in the range pH 6.0-10.0 and at temperatures ≤ 40 °C. Enzyme activity analysis indicated that the Rv0045c protein could efficiently hydrolyze short chain p-nitrophenyl esters (C₂-C₈), and its suitable substrate was p-nitrophenyl caproate (C₆) with optimal catalytic conditions of 39 °C and pH 8.0. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrated that the Rv0045c protein is a novel esterase. These experiments will be helpful in understanding ester/lipid metabolism related to M. tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiubiao Guo
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture, Harbin, China
| | | | - Lipeng Xu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kehui Xu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shentao Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingyi Wen
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siguo Liu
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (HP)
| | - Hai Pang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (HP)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Alvarez-González CA, Moyano-López FJ, Civera-Cerecedo R, Carrasco-Chávez V, Ortíz-Galindo JL, Nolasco-Soria H, Tovar-Ramírez D, Dumas S. Development of digestive enzyme activity in larvae of spotted sand bass Paralabrax maculatofasciatus II: Electrophoretic analysis. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2010; 36:29-37. [PMID: 18979220 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-008-9276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The activities of several digestive enzymes during larval development of the spotted sand bass (Paralabrax maculatofasciatus) were evaluated using electrophoretic techniques. The results show the presence of three isoforms of alkaline protease from day 2 after hatching (ah) and the early appearance of one pepsin-like band from day 12 ah onwards. In addition, two lipase bands first appeared on day 2 ah, and there was a change in the molecular weight of one band from day 15 ah onwards. Several alpha-amylase isoforms were observed from hatching up to day 5 ah. These results indicate that the important digestive enzymes develop rapidly in these larvae, supporting the possibility of early weaning at day 12 ah using artificial diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Alvarez-González
- DACBIOL Laboratorio de Acuacultura, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa Cárdenas Km 0.5, 86139 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cherif S, Gargouri Y. Thermoactivity and effects of organic solvents on digestive lipase from hepatopancreas of the green crab. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Polymorphism and partial characterization of digestive enzymes in the spiny lobster Panulirus argus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 150:247-54. [PMID: 18485774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We characterized major digestive enzymes in Panulirus argus using a combination of biochemical assays and substrate-(SDS or native)-PAGE. Protease and amylase activities were found in the gastric juice while esterase and lipase activities were higher in the digestive gland. Trypsin-like activity was higher than chymotrypsin-like activity in the gastric juice and digestive gland. Stability and optimal conditions for digestive enzyme activities were examined under different pHs, temperature and ionic strength. The use of protease inhibitors showed the prevalence of serine proteases and metalloproteases. Results for serine proteases were corroborated by zymograms where several isotrypsins-like (17-21 kDa) and isochymotrypsin-like enzymes (23-38 kDa) were identified. Amylases (38-47 kDa) were detected in zymograms and a complex array of non-specific esterases isoenzymes was found in the digestive gland. Isoenzyme polymorphism was found for trypsin, amylase, and esterase. This study is the first to evidence the biochemical bases of the plasticity in feeding habits of P. argus. Distribution and properties of enzymes provided some indication on how the digestion takes place and constitute baseline data for further studies on the digestion physiology of spiny lobsters.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zouari N, Miled N, Rouis S, Gargouri Y. Scorpion digestive lipase: A member of a new invertebrate's lipase group presenting novel characteristics. Biochimie 2007; 89:403-9. [PMID: 17212975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Unlike classical digestive lipases, the scorpion digestive lipase (SDL) has a strong basic character. The SDL activity's optimal pH, when using tributyrin or olive oil as substrate, was 9.0. Added to that, the estimated isoelectric point of the native SDL using the electrofocusing technique, was found to be higher than 9.6. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an animal digestive lipase having such a basic character. When olive oil was used as substrate, SDL was shown to be insensitive to the presence of amphiphilic proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA). Furthermore, the hydrolysis was found to be specifically dependent on the presence of Ca(2+) ions, since no significant SDL activity was detected in the presence of ions chelator such as EDTA. Nevertheless, the SDL does not require Ca(2+) to trigger the hydrolysis of tributyrin emulsion. Interestingly Zn(2+) and Cu(2+) ions act as strong inhibitors of SDL activity when using tributyrin as substrate. An internal chymotryptic cleavage of SDL generated two fragments of 28 and 25 kDa having the same N-terminal sequence. This sequence of 19 residues does not share any homology with known animal and microbial lipases. Polyclonal antibodies directed against SDL (pAbs anti-SDL) failed to recognise ostrich pancreatic and dog gastric lipases (OPL and rDGL). Moreover, both pAbs anti-OPL and anti-rDGL failed to immunoreact with SDL. These immunological as well as distinct biochemical properties strengthen the idea that SDL appears to belong to a new invertebrate's lipase group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nacim Zouari
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS, BPW, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|