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Arimura Y, Konishi HA, Funabiki H. MagIC-Cryo-EM: Structural determination on magnetic beads for scarce macromolecules in heterogeneous samples. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.21.576499. [PMID: 38328033 PMCID: PMC10849486 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.21.576499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cryo-EM single-particle analyses typically require target macromolecule concentration at 0.05~5.0 mg/ml, which is often difficult to achieve. Here, we devise Magnetic Isolation and Concentration (MagIC)-cryo-EM, a technique enabling direct structural analysis of targets captured on magnetic beads, thereby reducing the targets' concentration requirement to < 0.0005 mg/ml. Adapting MagIC-cryo-EM to a Chromatin Immunoprecipitation protocol, we characterized structural variations of the linker histone H1.8-associated nucleosomes that were isolated from interphase and metaphase chromosomes in Xenopus egg extract. Combining Duplicated Selection To Exclude Rubbish particles (DuSTER), a particle curation method that removes low signal-to-noise ratio particles, we also resolved the 3D cryo-EM structures of H1.8-bound nucleoplasmin NPM2 isolated from interphase chromosomes and revealed distinct open and closed structural variants. Our study demonstrates the utility of MagIC-cryo-EM for structural analysis of scarce macromolecules in heterogeneous samples and provides structural insights into the cell cycle-regulation of H1.8 association to nucleosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Arimura
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
- Current address: Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA, 98109-1024
| | - Hide A Konishi
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Hironori Funabiki
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
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2
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Izzo A, Akol I, Villarreal A, Lebel S, Garcia-Miralles M, Cheffer A, Bovio P, Heidrich S, Vogel T. Nucleophosmin 1 cooperates with the methyltransferase DOT1L to preserve peri-nucleolar heterochromatin organization by regulating H3K27me3 levels and DNA repeats expression. Epigenetics Chromatin 2023; 16:36. [PMID: 37759327 PMCID: PMC10537513 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-023-00511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NPM1 is a phosphoprotein highly abundant in the nucleolus. However, additional nuclear functions have been attributed to NPM1, probably through interaction with other nuclear factors. DOT1L is one interaction partner of NPM1 that catalyzes methylation of histone H3 at lysine 79 (H3K79). DOT1L, playing functional roles in several biological processes, is known for its capability to organize and regulate chromatin. For example, DOT1L modulates DNA repeats expression within peri-nucleolar heterochromatin. NPM1 also affects peri-nucleolar heterochromatin spatial organization. However, it is unclear as of yet whether NPM1 and DOT1L functionally synergize to preserve nucleoli organization and genome stability, and generally, which molecular mechanisms would be involved. RESULTS We characterized the nuclear function of NPM1 on peri-nucleolar heterochromatin organization. We show that (i) monomeric NPM1 interacts preferentially with DOT1L in the nucleus; (ii) NPM1 acts in concert with DOT1L to maintain each other's protein homeostasis; (iii) NPM1 depletion results in H3K79me2 upregulation and differential enrichment at chromatin binding genes including Ezh2; (iv) NPM1 and DOT1L modulate DNA repeats expression and peri-nucleolar heterochromatin organization via epigenetic mechanisms dependent on H3K27me3. CONCLUSIONS Our findings give insights into molecular mechanisms employed by NPM1 and DOT1L to regulate heterochromatin activity and structural organization around the nucleoli and shed light on one aspect of the complex role of both proteins in chromatin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Izzo
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ipek Akol
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModul Basics), Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alejandro Villarreal
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shannon Lebel
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marta Garcia-Miralles
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arquimedes Cheffer
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Bovio
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heidrich
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Vogel
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModul Basics), Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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3
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Ding X, Zhu XL, Xu DH, Li S, Yang Q, Feng X, Wei YG, Li H, Yang L, Zhang YJ, Deng XL, Liu KC, Shi SL. NPM promotes hepatotoxin-induced fibrosis by inhibiting ROS-induced apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells and upregulating lncMIAT-induced TGF-β2. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:575. [PMID: 37648688 PMCID: PMC10469196 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is caused by a variety of chronic liver injuries and has caused significant morbidity and mortality in the world with increasing tendency. Elucidation of the molecular mechanism of liver fibrosis is the basis for intervention of this pathological process and drug development. Nucleophosmin (NPM) is a widely expressed nucleolar phosphorylated protein, which is particularly important for cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. The biological role of NPM in liver fibrosis remains unknown. Here we show that NPM promotes liver fibrosis through multiple pathways. Our study found that NPM was up-regulated in cirrhosis tissues and activated in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). NPM inhibition reduced liver fibrosis markers expression in HSCs and inhibited the HSCs proliferation and migration. In mice model, NPM knockdown in HSCs or application of specific NPM inhibitor can remarkably attenuate hepatic fibrosis. Mechanistic analysis showed that NPM promotes hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting HSCs apoptosis through Akt/ROS pathway and by upregulating TGF-β2 through Akt-induced lncMIAT. LncMIAT up-regulated TGF-β2 mRNA by competitively sponging miR-16-5p. In response to liver injury, hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and HSCs up-regulated NPM to increase TGF-β2 secretion to activate HSCs in a paracrine or autocrine manner, leading to increased liver fibrosis. Our study demonstrated that NPM regulated hepatotoxin-induced fibrosis through Akt/ROS-induced apoptosis of HSCs and via the Akt/lncMIAT-up-regulated TGF-β2. Inhibition of NPM or application of NPM inhibitor CIGB300 remarkably attenuated liver fibrosis. NPM serves a potential new drug target for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ding
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin-Le Zhu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dong-Hui Xu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian Feng
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong-Gui Wei
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huan Li
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Deng
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kuan-Can Liu
- Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Song-Lin Shi
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Zhao ML, Wang JX, Bian XK, Zhang J, Han YW, Xu SX, Lee SC, Zhao JZ. Hexavalent chromium causes centrosome amplification by inhibiting the binding between TMOD2 and NPM2. Toxicol Lett 2023; 380:12-22. [PMID: 36963620 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hexavalent chromium can promote centrosome amplification (CA) as well as tumorigenesis. Since CA can lead to tumorigenesis, it is plausible that the chromium promotes the development of cancer via CA. In the present study, we investigated the signaling pathways of the chromium-induced CA. RESULTS Our results showed that sub-toxic concentration of chromium was able to cause CA in HCT116 cells, and decrease the expression of TMOD2 and NPM2. Furthermore, TMOD2 and NPM2 interacted to each other via their C-terminal and the N-terminal, respectively, which was inhibited by the chromium. Overexpression of TMOD2 and NPM2 increased their binding and significantly attenuated the CA. Moreover, TMOD2 and NPM2 were co-localized with the centrosomes. The chromium inhibited the centrosomeal localization of NPM2, which was reversed by the overexpression of TMOD2, C-terminal of TMOD2, but not the N-terminal of NPM2. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the chromium induces CA via inhibiting the binding between TMOD2 and NPM2 as well as the dissociation of NPM2 from centrosomes. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS The data and materials are available from the corresponding authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China
| | - Jia Xin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China
| | - Xue Kai Bian
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China
| | - Ya Wen Han
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China
| | - Si Xian Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China
| | - Shao Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China.
| | - Ji Zhong Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China.
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5
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Elango K, Karuthadurai T, Kumaresan A, Sinha MK, Ebenezer Samuel King JP, Nag P, Sharma A, Raval K, Paul N, Talluri TR. High-throughput proteomic characterization of seminal plasma from bulls with contrasting semen quality. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:60. [PMID: 36714547 PMCID: PMC9877259 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Seminal plasma proteins are the major extrinsic factors that can modulate the sperm quality and functions. The present study was carried out to compare the proteomic profiles of seminal plasma from breeding bulls producing good and poor quality semen in an effort to understand the possible proteins associated with semen quality. A total of 910 and 715 proteins were detected in the seminal plasma of poor and good quality semen producing bulls, respectively. A total of 705 proteins were common to both the groups, in which 380 proteins were upregulated and 89 proteins were downregulated in the seminal plasma of poor quality semen, while 236 proteins were co-expressed. The proteins negatively influencing sperm functions such as CCL2, UQCRC2, and SAA1 were among the top ten upregulated proteins in the seminal plasma of poor quality semen. Proteins having a positive role in sperm functions (NGF, EEF1A2, COL1A2, IZUMO4, PRSS1, COL1A1, WFDC2) were among the top ten downregulated proteins in the seminal plasma of poor quality semen. The upregulation of oxidation-reduction process-related proteins, histone proteins (HIST3H2A, H2AFJ, H2AFZ, H2AFX, HIST2H2AB, H2AFV, HIST1H2AC, HIST2H2AC, LOC104975684, LOC524236, LOC614970, LOC529277), and ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase proteins (UQCRB, UQCRFS1, UQCRQ, UQCRC1, UQCRC2) indicate deranged oxidation-reduction equilibrium, chromatin condensation and spermatogenesis in poor quality semen producing bulls. The expression of proteins essential for motile cilium (CCDC114, CFAP206, TEKT4), chromatin integrity (PRM2), gamete fusion (IZUMO4, EQTN), hyperactivation, tyrosine phosphorylation, and capacitation [PI3K-Akt signalling pathway-related proteins (COL1A1, COL2A1, COL1A2, SPP1, PDGFA, NGF)] were down regulated in poor quality semen producing bulls. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03474-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaraj Elango
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560030 Karnataka India
| | - Thirumalaisamy Karuthadurai
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560030 Karnataka India
| | - Arumugam Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560030 Karnataka India
| | - Manish Kumar Sinha
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560030 Karnataka India
| | - John Peter Ebenezer Samuel King
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560030 Karnataka India
| | - Pradeep Nag
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560030 Karnataka India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560030 Karnataka India
| | - Kathan Raval
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560030 Karnataka India
| | - Nilendu Paul
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560030 Karnataka India
| | - Thirumala Rao Talluri
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560030 Karnataka India
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6
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Biological Calorimetry: Old Friend, New Insights. BIOPHYSICA 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/biophysica3010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Calorimetry is an old experimental technique (first instrument developed in S. XVIII), but it is broadly used and still provides key information for understanding biological processes at the molecular level, particularly, cooperative phenomena in protein interactions. Here, we review and highlight some key aspects of biological calorimetry. Several biological systems will be described in which calorimetry was instrumental for modeling the behavior of the protein and obtaining further biological insight.
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7
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Bobde RC, Kumar A, Vasudevan D. Plant-specific HDT family histone deacetylases are nucleoplasmins. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4760-4777. [PMID: 36069647 PMCID: PMC9709999 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetyltransferase (HAT)- and histone deacetylase (HDAC)-mediated histone acetylation and deacetylation regulate nucleosome dynamics and gene expression. HDACs are classified into different families, with HD-tuins or HDTs being specific to plants. HDTs show some sequence similarity to nucleoplasmins, the histone chaperones that aid in binding, storing, and loading H2A/H2B dimers to assemble nucleosomes. Here, we solved the crystal structure of the N-terminal domain (NTD) of all four HDTs (HDT1, HDT2, HDT3, and HDT4) from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The NTDs form a nucleoplasmin fold, exist as pentamers in solution, and are resistant to protease treatment, high temperature, salt, and urea conditions. Structurally, HDTs do not form a decamer, unlike certain classical nucleoplasmins. The HDT-NTD requires an additional A2 acidic tract C-terminal to the nucleoplasmin domain for interaction with histone H3/H4 and H2A/H2B oligomers. We also report the in-solution structures of HDT2 pentamers in complex with histone oligomers. Our study provides a detailed structural and in vitro functional characterization of HDTs, revealing them to be nucleoplasmin family histone chaperones. The experimental confirmation that HDTs are nucleoplasmins may spark new interest in this enigmatic family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchir C Bobde
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
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8
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Franklin DA, Liu S, Jin A, Cui P, Guo Z, Arend KC, Moorman NJ, He S, Wang GG, Wan YY, Zhang Y. Ribosomal protein RPL11 haploinsufficiency causes anemia in mice via activation of the RP-MDM2-p53 pathway. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102739. [PMID: 36435197 PMCID: PMC9793318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discovery of the ribosomal protein (RP) RPL11 interacting with and inhibiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase function of MDM2 established the RP-MDM2-p53 signaling pathway, which is linked to biological events, including ribosomal biogenesis, nutrient availability, and metabolic homeostasis. Mutations in RPs lead to a diverse array of phenotypes known as ribosomopathies in which the role of p53 is implicated. Here, we generated conditional RPL11-deletion mice to investigate in vivo effects of impaired RP expression and its functional connection with p53. While deletion of one Rpl11 allele in germ cells results in embryonic lethality, deletion of one Rpl11 allele in adult mice does not affect viability but leads to acute anemia. Mechanistically, we found RPL11 haploinsufficiency activates p53 in hematopoietic tissues and impedes erythroid precursor differentiation, resulting in insufficient red blood cell development. We demonstrated that reducing p53 dosage by deleting one p53 allele rescues RPL11 haploinsufficiency-induced inhibition of erythropoietic precursor differentiation and restores normal red blood cell levels in mice. Furthermore, blocking the RP-MDM2-p53 pathway by introducing an RP-binding mutation in MDM2 prevents RPL11 haploinsufficiency-caused p53 activation and rescues the anemia in mice. Together, these findings demonstrate that the RP-MDM2-p53 pathway is a critical checkpoint for RP homeostasis and that p53-dependent cell cycle arrest of erythroid precursors is the molecular basis for the anemia phenotype commonly associated with RP deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A. Franklin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aiwen Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zengli Guo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyle C. Arend
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nathaniel J. Moorman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shenghui He
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gang Greg Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yisong Y. Wan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,For correspondence: Yanping Zhang
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9
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Singh AK, Saharan K, Baral S, Vasudevan D. The plant nucleoplasmin AtFKBP43 needs its extended arms for histone interaction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2022; 1865:194872. [PMID: 36058470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The nucleoplasmin family of histone chaperones is a key player in governing the dynamic architecture of chromatin, thereby regulating various DNA-templated processes. The crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of Arabidopsis thaliana FKBP43 (AtFKBP43), an FK506-binding immunophilin protein, revealed a characteristic nucleoplasmin fold, thus confirming it to be a member of the FKBP nucleoplasmin class. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) analyses confirmed its pentameric nature in solution, and additional studies confirmed the nucleoplasmin fold to be highly stable. Unlike its homolog AtFKBP53, the AtFKBP43 nucleoplasmin core domain could not interact with histones and required the acidic arms, C-terminal to the core, for histone association. However, SAXS generated low-resolution envelope structure, ITC, and AUC results revealed that an AtFKBP43 pentamer with C-terminal extensions interacts with H2A/H2B dimer and H3/H4 tetramer in an equimolar ratio, like AtFKBP53. Put together, AtFKBP43 belongs to a hitherto unreported subclass of FKBP nucleoplasmins that requires the C-terminal acidic stretches emanating from the core domain for histone interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ketul Saharan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Somanath Baral
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
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10
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Corbeski I, Guo X, Eckhardt BV, Fasci D, Wiegant W, Graewert MA, Vreeken K, Wienk H, Svergun DI, Heck AJR, van Attikum H, Boelens R, Sixma TK, Mattiroli F, van Ingen H. Chaperoning of the histone octamer by the acidic domain of DNA repair factor APLF. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0517. [PMID: 35895815 PMCID: PMC9328677 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nucleosome assembly requires the coordinated deposition of histone complexes H3-H4 and H2A-H2B to form a histone octamer on DNA. In the current paradigm, specific histone chaperones guide the deposition of first H3-H4 and then H2A-H2B. Here, we show that the acidic domain of DNA repair factor APLF (APLFAD) can assemble the histone octamer in a single step and deposit it on DNA to form nucleosomes. The crystal structure of the APLFAD-histone octamer complex shows that APLFAD tethers the histones in their nucleosomal conformation. Mutations of key aromatic anchor residues in APLFAD affect chaperone activity in vitro and in cells. Together, we propose that chaperoning of the histone octamer is a mechanism for histone chaperone function at sites where chromatin is temporarily disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Corbeski
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Xiaohu Guo
- Division of Biochemistry and Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bruna V. Eckhardt
- Hubrecht Institute—KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Domenico Fasci
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wouter Wiegant
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Melissa A. Graewert
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kees Vreeken
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hans Wienk
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dmitri I. Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rolf Boelens
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Titia K. Sixma
- Division of Biochemistry and Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Mattiroli
- Hubrecht Institute—KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hugo van Ingen
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
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11
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Dalui S, Dasgupta A, Adhikari S, Das C, Roy S. Human testis-specific Y-encoded protein-like protein 5 is a histone H3/H4-specific chaperone that facilitates histone deposition in vitro. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102200. [PMID: 35772497 PMCID: PMC9305336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA and core histones are hierarchically packaged into a complex organization called chromatin. The nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family of histone chaperones is involved in the deposition of histone complexes H2A/H2B and H3/H4 onto DNA and prevents nonspecific aggregation of histones. Testis-specific Y-encoded protein (TSPY)–like protein 5 (TSPYL5) is a member of the TSPY-like protein family, which has been previously reported to interact with ubiquitin-specific protease USP7 and regulate cell proliferation and is thus implicated in various cancers, but its interaction with chromatin has not been investigated. In this study, we characterized the chromatin association of TSPYL5 and found that it preferentially binds histone H3/H4 via its C-terminal NAP-like domain both in vitro and ex vivo. We identified the critical residues involved in the TSPYL5–H3/H4 interaction and further quantified the binding affinity of TSPYL5 toward H3/H4 using biolayer interferometry. We then determined the binding stoichiometry of the TSPYL5–H3/H4 complex in vitro using a chemical cross-linking assay and size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering. Our results indicate that a TSPYL5 dimer binds to either two histone H3/H4 dimers or a single tetramer. We further demonstrated that TSPYL5 has a specific affinity toward longer DNA fragments and that the same histone-binding residues are also critically involved in its DNA binding. Finally, employing histone deposition and supercoiling assays, we confirmed that TSPYL5 is a histone chaperone responsible for histone H3/H4 deposition and nucleosome assembly. We conclude that TSPYL5 is likely a new member of the NAP histone chaperone family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit Dalui
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Anirban Dasgupta
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Swagata Adhikari
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.
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12
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Wu HL, Yang ZR, Yan LJ, Su YD, Ma R, Li Y. NPM2 in malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: from basic tumor biology to clinical medicine. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:141. [PMID: 35490253 PMCID: PMC9055711 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review systematically summarizes gene biology features and protein structure of nucleoplasmin2 (NPM2) and the relationship between NPM2 and malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM), in order to explore the molecular pathological mechanism of MPM and explore new therapeutic targets. METHODS NCBI PubMed database was used for the literature search. NCBI Gene and Protein databases, Ensembl Genome Browser, UniProt, and RCSB PDB database were used for gene and protein review. Three online tools (Consurf, DoGSiteScorer, and ZdockServer), the GEPIA database, and the Cancer Genome Atlas were used to analyze bioinformatics characteristics for NPM2 protein. RESULTS The main structural domains of NPM2 protein include the N-terminal core region, acidic region, and motif and disordered region. The N-terminal core region, involved in histone binding, is the most conserved domain in the nucleoplasmin (NPM) family. NPM2 with a large acidic tract in its C-terminal tail (NPM2-A2) is able to bind histones and form large complexes. Bioinformatics results indicated that NPM2 expression was correlated with the pathology of multiple tumors. Among mesothelioma patients, 5-year survival of patients with low-NPM2-expression was significantly higher than that of the high-NPM2-expression patients. NPM2 can facilitate the formation of histone deacetylation. NPM2 may promote histone deacetylation and inhibit the related-gene transcription, thus leading to abnormal proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of MPM. CONCLUSION NPM2 may play a key role in the development and progression of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Liang Wu
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, No. 10 Tieyi Road, Yangfangdian Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Zhi-Ran Yang
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Yan
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Dong Su
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Ma
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, No. 10 Tieyi Road, Yangfangdian Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China. .,Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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13
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Morovicz AP, Mazloumi Gavgani F, Jacobsen RG, Skuseth Slinning M, Turcu DC, Lewis AE. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling in the nucleolus. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 83:100843. [PMID: 34920983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway plays key roles in many cellular processes and is altered in many diseases. The function and mode of action of the pathway have mostly been elucidated in the cytoplasm. However, many of the components of the PI3K pathway are also present in the nucleus at specific sub-nuclear sites including nuclear speckles, nuclear lipid islets and the nucleolus. Nucleoli are membrane-less subnuclear structures where ribosome biogenesis occurs. Processes leading to ribosome biogenesis are tightly regulated to maintain protein translation capacity of cells. This review focuses on nucleolar PI3K signalling and how it regulates rRNA synthesis, as well as on the identification of downstream phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)trisphosphate effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rhîan G Jacobsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Diana C Turcu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aurélia E Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway.
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14
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Abstract
Every protein consists of a linear sequence over an alphabet of 20 letters/amino acids. The sequence unfolds in the 3-dimensional space through secondary (local foldings), tertiary (bonds) and quaternary (disjoint multiple) structures. The mere existence of the genetic code for the 20 letters of the linear chain could be predicted with the (informationally complete) irreducible characters of the finite group Gn:=Zn⋊2O (with n=5 or 7 and 2O the binary octahedral group) in our previous two papers. It turns out that some quaternary structures of protein complexes display n-fold symmetries. We propose an approach of secondary structures based on free group theory. Our results are compared to other approaches of predicting secondary structures of proteins in terms of α helices, β sheets and coils, or more refined techniques. It is shown that the secondary structure of proteins shows similarities to the structure of some hyperbolic 3-manifolds. The hyperbolic 3-manifold of smallest volume—Gieseking manifold—some other 3 manifolds and the oriented hypercartographic group are singled out as tentative models of such secondary structures. For the quaternary structure, there are links to the Kummer surface.
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15
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Mutual dependency between lncRNA LETN and protein NPM1 in controlling the nucleolar structure and functions sustaining cell proliferation. Cell Res 2021; 31:664-683. [PMID: 33432115 PMCID: PMC8169757 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fundamental processes such as ribosomal RNA synthesis and chromatin remodeling take place in the nucleolus, which is hyperactive in fast-proliferating cells. The sophisticated regulatory mechanism underlying the dynamic nucleolar structure and functions is yet to be fully explored. The present study uncovers the mutual functional dependency between a previously uncharacterized human long non-coding RNA, which we renamed LETN, and a key nucleolar protein, NPM1. Specifically, being upregulated in multiple types of cancer, LETN resides in the nucleolus via direct binding with NPM1. LETN plays a critical role in facilitating the formation of NPM1 pentamers, which are essential building blocks of the nucleolar granular component and control the nucleolar functions. Repression of LETN or NPM1 led to similar and profound changes of the nucleolar morphology and arrest of the nucleolar functions, which led to proliferation inhibition of human cancer cells and neural progenitor cells. Interestingly, this inter-dependency between LETN and NPM1 is associated with the evolutionarily new variations of NPM1 and the coincidental emergence of LETN in higher primates. We propose that this human-specific protein-lncRNA axis renders an additional yet critical layer of regulation with high physiological relevance in both cancerous and normal developmental processes that require hyperactive nucleoli.
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17
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A tri-functional amino acid enables mapping of binding sites for posttranslational-modification-mediated protein-protein interactions. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2669-2681.e9. [PMID: 33894155 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modification (PTM), through the recruitment of effector proteins (i.e., "readers") that signal downstream events, plays key roles in regulating a variety of cellular processes. To understand how a PTM is recognized, it is necessary to find its readers and, importantly, the location of the binding pockets responsible for PTM recognition. Although various methods have been developed to identify PTM readers, it remains a challenge to directly map the PTM-binding regions, especially for intrinsically disordered domains. Here, we demonstrate a photo-crosslinkable, clickable, and cleavable tri-functional amino acid, ADdis-Cys, that when coupled with mass spectrometry (ADdis-Cys-MS) can not only identify PTM readers from complex proteomes but also simultaneously map their PTM-recognition modules. Using ADdis-Cys-MS, we successfully identify the binding sites of several reader-PTM interactions, among which we discover human C1QBP as a histone chaperone. This robust method should find wide applications in examining other histone or non-histone PTM-mediated protein-protein interactions.
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18
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Šašinková M, Heřman P, Holoubek A, Strachotová D, Otevřelová P, Grebeňová D, Kuželová K, Brodská B. NSC348884 cytotoxicity is not mediated by inhibition of nucleophosmin oligomerization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1084. [PMID: 33441774 PMCID: PMC7806638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM) mutations causing its export from the nucleoli to the cytoplasm are frequent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Due to heterooligomerization of wild type NPM with the AML-related mutant, the wild-type becomes misplaced from the nucleoli and its functions are significantly altered. Dissociation of NPM heterooligomers may thus restore the proper localization and function of wild-type NPM. NSC348884 is supposed to act as a potent inhibitor of NPM oligomerization. The effect of NSC348884 on the NPM oligomerization was thoroughly examined by fluorescence lifetime imaging with utilization of FRET and by a set of immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic methods. Leukemia-derived cell lines and primary AML cells as well as cells transfected with fluorescently labeled NPM forms were investigated. Our results clearly demonstrate that NSC348884 does not inhibit formation of NPM oligomers neither in vivo nor in vitro. Instead, we document that NSC348884 cytotoxicity is rather associated with modified cell adhesion signaling. The cytotoxic mechanism of NSC348884 has therefore to be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Šašinková
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Heřman
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Holoubek
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Dita Strachotová
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Otevřelová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Grebeňová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kuželová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Brodská
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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19
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Mechanistic and structural insights into histone H2A–H2B chaperone in chromatin regulation. Biochem J 2020; 477:3367-3386. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Histone chaperones include a wide variety of proteins which associate with histones and regulate chromatin structure. The classic H2A–H2B type of histone chaperones, and the chromatin remodeling complex components possessing H2A–H2B chaperone activity, show a broad range of structures and functions. Rapid progress in the structural and functional study of H2A–H2B chaperones extends our knowledge about the epigenetic regulation of chromatin. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in the understanding of the structure and function of H2A–H2B chaperones that interact with either canonical or variant H2A–H2B dimers. We discuss the current knowledge of the H2A–H2B chaperones, which present no preference for canonical and variant H2A–H2B dimers, describing how they interact with H2A–H2B to fulfill their functions. We also review recent advances of H2A variant-specific chaperones, demarcating how they achieve specific recognition for histone variant H2A.Z and how these interactions regulate chromatin structure by nucleosome editing. We highlight the universal mechanism underlying H2A–H2B dimers recognition by a large variety of histone chaperones. These findings will shed insight into the biological impacts of histone chaperone, chromatin remodeling complex, and histone variants in chromatin regulation.
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20
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López DJ, Rodríguez JA, Bañuelos S. Nucleophosmin, a multifunctional nucleolar organizer with a role in DNA repair. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140532. [PMID: 32853771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a mostly nucleolar protein with crucial functions in cell growth and homeostasis, including regulation of ribosome biogenesis and stress response. Such multiple activities rely on its ability to interact with nucleic acids and with hundreds of proteins, as well as on a dynamic subcellular distribution. NPM1 is thus regulated by a complex interplay between localization and interactions, further modulated by post-translational modifications. NPM1 is a homopentamer, with globular domains connected by long, intrinsically disordered linkers. This configuration allows NPM1 to engage in liquid-liquid phase separation phenomena, which could underlie a key role in nucleolar organization. Here, we will discuss NPM1 conformational and functional versatility, emphasizing its emerging, and still largely unexplored, role in DNA damage repair. Since NPM1 is altered in a subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), we will also present ongoing research on the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenic role and potential NPM1-targeting therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J López
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - José A Rodríguez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Sonia Bañuelos
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
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21
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Nucleophosmin 1 Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060649. [PMID: 32545659 PMCID: PMC7348733 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a ubiquitously expressed nucleolar protein involved in ribosome biogenesis, the maintenance of genomic integrity and the regulation of the ARF-p53 tumor-suppressor pathway among multiple other functions. Mutations in the corresponding gene cause a cytoplasmic dislocation of the NPM1 protein. These mutations are unique to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a disease characterized by clonal expansion, impaired differentiation and the proliferation of myeloid cells in the bone marrow. Despite our improved understanding of NPM1 mutations and their consequences, the underlying leukemia pathogenesis is still unclear. Recent studies that focused on dysregulated gene expression in AML with mutated NPM1 have shed more light into these mechanisms. In this article, we review the current evidence on normal functions of NPM1 and aberrant functioning in AML, and highlight investigational strategies targeting these mutations.
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22
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Singh AK, Datta A, Jobichen C, Luan S, Vasudevan D. AtFKBP53: a chimeric histone chaperone with functional nucleoplasmin and PPIase domains. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:1531-1550. [PMID: 31807785 PMCID: PMC7026663 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
FKBP53 is one of the seven multi-domain FK506-binding proteins present in Arabidopsis thaliana, and it is known to get targeted to the nucleus. It has a conserved PPIase domain at the C-terminus and a highly charged N-terminal stretch, which has been reported to bind to histone H3 and perform the function of a histone chaperone. To better understand the molecular details of this PPIase with histone chaperoning activity, we have solved the crystal structures of its terminal domains and functionally characterized them. The C-terminal domain showed strong PPIase activity, no role in histone chaperoning and revealed a monomeric five-beta palm-like fold that wrapped over a helix, typical of an FK506-binding domain. The N-terminal domain had a pentameric nucleoplasmin-fold; making this the first report of a plant nucleoplasmin structure. Further characterization revealed the N-terminal nucleoplasmin domain to interact with H2A/H2B and H3/H4 histone oligomers, individually, as well as simultaneously, suggesting two different binding sites for H2A/H2B and H3/H4. The pentameric domain assists nucleosome assembly and forms a discrete complex with pre-formed nucleosomes; wherein two pentamers bind to a nucleosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Singh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Aritreyee Datta
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Chacko Jobichen
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dileep Vasudevan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
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23
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Kumar A, Vasudevan D. Structure-function relationship of H2A-H2B specific plant histone chaperones. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:1-17. [PMID: 31707537 PMCID: PMC6985425 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on chromatin structure and function have gained a revived popularity. Histone chaperones are significant players in chromatin organization. They play a significant role in vital nuclear functions like transcription, DNA replication, DNA repair, DNA recombination, and epigenetic regulation, primarily by aiding processes such as histone shuttling and nucleosome assembly/disassembly. Like the other eukaryotes, plants also have a highly orchestrated and dynamic chromatin organization. Plants seem to have more isoforms within the same family of histone chaperones, as compared with other organisms. As some of these are specific to plants, they must have evolved to perform functions unique to plants. However, it appears that only little effort has gone into understanding the structural features of plant histone chaperones and their structure-function relationships. Studies on plant histone chaperones are essential for understanding their role in plant chromatin organization and how plants respond during stress conditions. This review is on the structural and functional aspects of plant histone chaperone families, specifically those which bind to H2A-H2B, viz nucleosome assembly protein (NAP), nucleoplasmin (NPM), and facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT). Here, we also present comparative analyses of these plant histone chaperones with available histone chaperone structures. The review hopes to incite interest among researchers to pursue further research in the area of plant chromatin and the associated histone chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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24
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Savic N, Shortill SP, Bilenky M, Dobbs JM, Dilworth D, Hirst M, Nelson CJ. Histone Chaperone Paralogs Have Redundant, Cooperative, and Divergent Functions in Yeast. Genetics 2019; 213:1301-1316. [PMID: 31604797 PMCID: PMC6893378 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene duplications increase organismal robustness by providing freedom for gene divergence or by increasing gene dosage. The yeast histone chaperones Fpr3 and Fpr4 are paralogs that can assemble nucleosomes in vitro; however, the genomic locations they target and their functional relationship is poorly understood. We refined the yeast synthetic genetic array approach to enable the functional dissection of gene paralogs. Applying this method to Fpr3 and Fpr4 uncovered redundant, cooperative, and divergent functions. While Fpr3 is uniquely involved in chromosome segregation, Fpr3 and Fpr4 cooperate to regulate genes involved in polyphosphate metabolism and ribosome biogenesis. We find that the TRAMP5 RNA exosome is critical for fitness in Δfpr3Δfpr4 yeast and leverage this information to identify an important role for Fpr4 at the 5' ends of protein coding genes. Additionally, Fpr4 and TRAMP5 negatively regulate RNAs from the nontranscribed spacers of ribosomal DNA. Yeast lacking Fpr3 and Fpr4 exhibit a genome instability phenotype at the ribosomal DNA, which implies that these histone chaperones regulate chromatin structure and DNA access at this location. Taken together. we provide genetic and transcriptomic evidence that Fpr3 and Fpr4 operate separately, cooperatively, and redundantly to regulate a variety of chromatin environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Savic
- Department Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - Shawn P Shortill
- Department Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - Misha Bilenky
- BC Cancer Agency Genome Sciences Centre and the Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Joseph M Dobbs
- Department Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - David Dilworth
- Department Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - Martin Hirst
- BC Cancer Agency Genome Sciences Centre and the Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Christopher J Nelson
- Department Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada
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25
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Structural insights into the ability of nucleoplasmin to assemble and chaperone histone octamers for DNA deposition. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9487. [PMID: 31263230 PMCID: PMC6602930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoplasmin (NP) is a pentameric histone chaperone that regulates the condensation state of chromatin in different cellular processes. We focus here on the interaction of NP with the histone octamer, showing that NP could bind sequentially the histone components to assemble an octamer-like particle, and crosslinked octamers with high affinity. The three-dimensional reconstruction of the NP/octamer complex generated by single-particle cryoelectron microscopy, revealed that several intrinsically disordered tail domains of two NP pentamers, facing each other through their distal face, encage the histone octamer in a nucleosome-like conformation and prevent its dissociation. Formation of this complex depended on post-translational modification and exposure of the acidic tract at the tail domain of NP. Finally, NP was capable of transferring the histone octamers to DNA in vitro, assembling nucleosomes. This activity may have biological relevance for processes in which the histone octamer must be rapidly removed from or deposited onto the DNA.
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Anselm E, Thomae AW, Jeyaprakash AA, Heun P. Oligomerization of Drosophila Nucleoplasmin-Like Protein is required for its centromere localization. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:11274-11286. [PMID: 30357352 PMCID: PMC6277087 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved nucleoplasmin family of histone chaperones has two paralogues in Drosophila, named Nucleoplasmin-Like Protein (NLP) and Nucleophosmin (NPH). NLP localizes to the centromere, yet molecular underpinnings of this localization are unknown. Moreover, similar to homologues in other organisms, NLP forms a pentamer in vitro, but the biological significance of its oligomerization has not been explored. Here, we characterize the oligomers formed by NLP and NPH in vivo and find that oligomerization of NLP is required for its localization at the centromere. We can further show that oligomerization-deficient NLP is unable to bind the centromeric protein Hybrid Male Rescue (HMR), which in turn is required for targeting the NLP oligomer to the centromere. Finally, using super-resolution microscopy we find that NLP and HMR largely co-localize in domains that are immediately adjacent to, yet distinct from centromere domains defined by the centromeric histone dCENP-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Anselm
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andreas W Thomae
- Biomedical Center, Core Facility Bioimaging, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Heun
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Edinburgh, UK
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Itoh K, Reis AH, Hayhurst A, Sokol SY. Isolation of nanobodies against Xenopus embryonic antigens using immune and non-immune phage display libraries. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216083. [PMID: 31048885 PMCID: PMC6497274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Xenopus laevis as a model for vertebrate developmental biology is limited by a lack of antibodies specific for embryonic antigens. This study evaluated the use of immune and non-immune phage display libraries for the isolation of single domain antibodies, or nanobodies, with specificities for Xenopus embryonic antigens. The immune nanobody library was derived from peripheral blood lymphocyte RNA obtained from a llama immunized with Xenopus gastrula homogenates. Screening this library by immunostaining of embryonic tissues with pooled periplasmic material and sib-selection led to the isolation of several monoclonal phages reactive with the cytoplasm and nuclei of gastrula cells. One antigen recognized by a group of nanobodies was identified using a reverse proteomics approach as nucleoplasmin, an abundant histone chaperone. As an alternative strategy, a semi-synthetic non-immune llama nanobody phage display library was panned on highly purified Xenopus proteins. This proof-of-principle approach isolated monoclonal nanobodies that specifically bind Nuclear distribution element-like 1 (Ndel1) in multiple immunoassays. Our results suggest that immune and non-immune phage display screens on crude and purified embryonic antigens can efficiently identify nanobodies useful to the Xenopus developmental biology community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Itoh
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Alice H Reis
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Andrew Hayhurst
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Sergei Y Sokol
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
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The histone chaperoning pathway: from ribosome to nucleosome. Essays Biochem 2019; 63:29-43. [PMID: 31015382 PMCID: PMC6484783 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20180055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nucleosomes represent the fundamental repeating unit of eukaryotic DNA, and comprise eight core histones around which DNA is wrapped in nearly two superhelical turns. Histones do not have the intrinsic ability to form nucleosomes; rather, they require an extensive repertoire of interacting proteins collectively known as ‘histone chaperones’. At a fundamental level, it is believed that histone chaperones guide the assembly of nucleosomes through preventing non-productive charge-based aggregates between the basic histones and acidic cellular components. At a broader level, histone chaperones influence almost all aspects of chromatin biology, regulating histone supply and demand, governing histone variant deposition, maintaining functional chromatin domains and being co-factors for histone post-translational modifications, to name a few. In this essay we review recent structural insights into histone-chaperone interactions, explore evidence for the existence of a histone chaperoning ‘pathway’ and reconcile how such histone-chaperone interactions may function thermodynamically to assemble nucleosomes and maintain chromatin homeostasis.
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Brodská B, Šašinková M, Kuželová K. Nucleophosmin in leukemia: Consequences of anchor loss. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 111:52-62. [PMID: 31009764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM), one of the most abundant nucleolar proteins, has crucial functions in ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle control, and DNA-damage repair. In human cells, NPM occurs mainly in oligomers. It functions as a chaperone, undergoes numerous interactions and forms part of many protein complexes. Although NPM role in carcinogenesis is not fully elucidated, a variety of tumor suppressor as well as oncogenic activities were described. NPM is overexpressed, fused with other proteins, or mutated in various tumor types. In the acute myeloid leukemia (AML), characteristic mutations in NPM1 gene, leading to modification of NPM C-terminus, are the most frequent genetic aberration. Although multiple mutation types of NPM are found in AML, they are all characterized by aberrant cytoplasmic localization of the mutated protein. In this review, current knowledge of the structure and function of NPM is presented in relation to its interaction network, in particular to the interaction with other nucleolar proteins and with proteins active in apoptosis. Possible molecular mechanisms of NPM mutation-driven leukemogenesis and NPM therapeutic targeting are discussed. Finally, recent findings concerning the immunogenicity of the mutated NPM and specific immunological features of AML patients with NPM mutation are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Brodská
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Šašinková
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kuželová
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Cheung CT, Pasquier J, Bouleau A, Nguyen T, Chesnel F, Guiguen Y, Bobe J. Double maternal-effect: duplicated nucleoplasmin 2 genes, npm2a and npm2b, with essential but distinct functions are shared by fish and tetrapods. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:167. [PMID: 30419815 PMCID: PMC6233590 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleoplasmin 2 (npm2) is an essential maternal-effect gene that mediates early embryonic events through its function as a histone chaperone that remodels chromatin. Recently, two npm2 (npm2a and npm2b) genes have been annotated in zebrafish. Thus, we examined the evolution of npm2a and npm2b in a variety of vertebrates, their potential phylogenetic relationships, and their biological functions using knockout models via the CRISPR/cas9 system. RESULTS We demonstrated that the two npm2 duplicates exist in a wide range of vertebrates, including sharks, ray-finned fish, amphibians, and sauropsids, while npm2a was lost in coelacanth and mammals, as well as some specific teleost lineages. Using phylogeny and synteny analyses, we traced their origins to the early stages of vertebrate evolution. Our findings suggested that npm2a and npm2b resulted from an ancient local gene duplication, and their functions diverged although key protein domains were conserved. We then investigated their functions by examining their tissue distribution in a wide variety of species and found that they shared ovarian-specific expression, a key feature of maternal-effect genes. We also demonstrated that both npm2a and npm2b are maternally-inherited transcripts in vertebrates, and that they play essential, but distinct, roles in early embryogenesis using zebrafish knockout models. Both npm2a and npm2b function early during oogenesis and may play a role in cortical granule function that impact egg activation and fertilization, while npm2b is also involved in early embryogenesis. CONCLUSION These novel findings will broaden our knowledge on the evolutionary history of maternal-effect genes and underlying mechanisms that contribute to vertebrate reproductive success. In addition, our results demonstrate the existence of a newly described maternal-effect gene, npm2a, that contributes to egg competence, an area that still requires further comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thaovi Nguyen
- INRA LPGP UR1037, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Franck Chesnel
- CNRS/UMR6290, Université de Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Yann Guiguen
- INRA LPGP UR1037, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Julien Bobe
- INRA LPGP UR1037, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France. .,Laboratory of fish physiology and genomics (LPGP), National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France.
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Kaypee S, Sahadevan SA, Sudarshan D, Halder Sinha S, Patil S, Senapati P, Kodaganur GS, Mohiyuddin A, Dasgupta D, Kundu TK. Oligomers of human histone chaperone NPM1 alter p300/KAT3B folding to induce autoacetylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1729-1741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Huo XM, Meng LF, Jiang T, Li M, Sun FZ, Sun B, Li JK. Real-time observation of nucleoplasmin-mediated DNA decondensation and condensation reveals its specific functions as a chaperone. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:743-751. [PMID: 30012467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization requires decondensation of promatine-condensed sperm chromatin, a dynamic process serving as an attractive system for the study of chromatin reprogramming. Nucleoplasmin is a key factor in regulating nucleosome assembly as a chaperone during fertilization process. However, knowledge on nucleoplasmin in chromatin formation remains elusive. Herein, magnetic tweezers (MT) and a chromatin assembly system were used to study the nucleoplasmin-mediated DNA decondensation/condensation at the single-molecular level in vitro. We found that protamine induces DNA condensation in a stepwise manner. Once DNA was condensed, nucleoplasmin, polyglutamic acid, and RNA could remove protamine from the DNA at different rates. The affinity binding of the different polyanions with protamine suggests chaperone-mediated chromatin decondensation activity occurs through protein-protein interactions. After decondensation, both RNA and polyglutamic acid prevented the transfer of histones onto the naked DNA. In contrast, nucleoplasmin is able to assist the histone transfer process, even though it carries the same negative charge as RNA and polyglutamic acid. These observations imply that the chaperone effects of nucleoplasmin during the decondensation/condensation process may be driven by specific spatial configuration of its acidic pentamer structure, rather than by electrostatic interaction. Our findings offer a novel molecular understanding of nucleoplasmin in sperm chromatin decondensation and subsequent developmental chromatin reprogramming at individual molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Mei Huo
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li-Feng Meng
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fang-Zhen Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Bo Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Jian-Ke Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China.
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Holoubek A, Herman P, Sýkora J, Brodská B, Humpolíčková J, Kráčmarová M, Gášková D, Hof M, Kuželová K. Monitoring of nucleophosmin oligomerization in live cells. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2018; 6:035016. [PMID: 29901450 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aaccb9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oligomerization plays a crucial role in the function of nucleophosmin (NPM), an abundant nucleolar phosphoprotein. Two dual-color methods based on modern fluorescence confocal microscopy are applied for tracking NPM aggregates in live cells: cross-correlation Number and Brightness analysis (ccN&B) combined with pulsed interleaved excitation (PIE) and fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) utilizing resonance energy transfer (FRET). HEK-293T cells were transfected with mixture of plasmids designed for tagging with fluorescent proteins so that the cells express mixed population of NPM labeled either with eGFP or mRFP1. We observe joint oligomers formed from the fluorescently labeled NPM. Having validated the in vivo methods, we study an effect of substitutions in cysteine 21 (Cys21) of the NPM N-terminus on the oligomerization to demonstrate applicability of the methods. Inhibitory effect of mutations of the Cys21 to nonpolar Ala or to aromatic Phe on the oligomerization was reported in literature using in vitro semi-native electrophoresis. However, we do not detect any break-up of the joint NPM oligomers due to the Cys21 mutations in live cells. In vivo microscopy observations are supported by an in vitro method, the GFP-Trap immunoprecipitation assay. Our results therefore show importance of utilizing several methods for detection of biologically relevant protein aggregates. In vivo monitoring of the NPM oligomerization, a potential cancer therapy target, by the presented methods offers a new way to monitor effects of drugs that are tested as NPM oligomerization inhibitors directly in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Holoubek
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 2094/1, 128 20 Praha 2, Czechia
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Kunchala P, Kuravi S, Jensen R, McGuirk J, Balusu R. When the good go bad: Mutant NPM1 in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Rev 2018; 32:167-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Warren C, Matsui T, Karp JM, Onikubo T, Cahill S, Brenowitz M, Cowburn D, Girvin M, Shechter D. Dynamic intramolecular regulation of the histone chaperone nucleoplasmin controls histone binding and release. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2215. [PMID: 29263320 PMCID: PMC5738438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoplasmin (Npm) is a highly conserved histone chaperone responsible for the maternal storage and zygotic release of histones H2A/H2B. Npm contains a pentameric N-terminal core domain and an intrinsically disordered C-terminal tail domain. Though intrinsically disordered regions are common among histone chaperones, their roles in histone binding and chaperoning remain unclear. Using an NMR-based approach, here we demonstrate that the Xenopus laevis Npm tail domain controls the binding of histones at its largest acidic stretch (A2) via direct competition with both the C-terminal basic stretch and basic nuclear localization signal. NMR and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) structural analyses allowed us to construct models of both the tail domain and the pentameric complex. Functional analyses demonstrate that these competitive intramolecular interactions negatively regulate Npm histone chaperone activity in vitro. Together these data establish a potentially generalizable mechanism of histone chaperone regulation via dynamic and specific intramolecular shielding of histone interaction sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Warren
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Tsutomu Matsui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Jerome M Karp
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Takashi Onikubo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sean Cahill
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Michael Brenowitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - David Cowburn
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Mark Girvin
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - David Shechter
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Warren C, Shechter D. Fly Fishing for Histones: Catch and Release by Histone Chaperone Intrinsically Disordered Regions and Acidic Stretches. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2401-2426. [PMID: 28610839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin is the complex of eukaryotic DNA and proteins required for the efficient compaction of the nearly 2-meter-long human genome into a roughly 10-micron-diameter cell nucleus. The fundamental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: 147bp of DNA wrapped about an octamer of histone proteins. Nucleosomes are stable enough to organize the genome yet must be dynamically displaced and reassembled to allow access to the underlying DNA for transcription, replication, and DNA damage repair. Histone chaperones are a non-catalytic group of proteins that are central to the processes of nucleosome assembly and disassembly and thus the fluidity of the ever-changing chromatin landscape. Histone chaperones are responsible for binding the highly basic histone proteins, shielding them from non-specific interactions, facilitating their deposition onto DNA, and aiding in their eviction from DNA. Although most histone chaperones perform these common functions, recent structural studies of many different histone chaperones reveal that there are few commonalities in their folds. Importantly, sequence-based predictions show that histone chaperones are highly enriched in intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) and acidic stretches. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms underpinning histone binding, selectivity, and regulation of these highly dynamic protein regions. We highlight new evidence suggesting that IDRs are often critical for histone chaperone function and play key roles in chromatin assembly and disassembly pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Warren
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David Shechter
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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37
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Nasir A, Caetano-Anollés G. Identification of Capsid/Coat Related Protein Folds and Their Utility for Virus Classification. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:380. [PMID: 28344575 PMCID: PMC5344890 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The viral supergroup includes the entire collection of known and unknown viruses that roam our planet and infect life forms. The supergroup is remarkably diverse both in its genetics and morphology and has historically remained difficult to study and classify. The accumulation of protein structure data in the past few years now provides an excellent opportunity to re-examine the classification and evolution of viruses. Here we scan completely sequenced viral proteomes from all genome types and identify protein folds involved in the formation of viral capsids and virion architectures. Viruses encoding similar capsid/coat related folds were pooled into lineages, after benchmarking against published literature. Remarkably, the in silico exercise reproduced all previously described members of known structure-based viral lineages, along with several proposals for new additions, suggesting it could be a useful supplement to experimental approaches and to aid qualitative assessment of viral diversity in metagenome samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshan Nasir
- Department of Crop Sciences, Evolutionary Bioinformatics Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gustavo Caetano-Anollés
- Department of Crop Sciences, Evolutionary Bioinformatics Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
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38
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Nucleoplasmin-like domain of FKBP39 from Drosophila melanogaster forms a tetramer with partly disordered tentacle-like C-terminal segments. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40405. [PMID: 28074868 PMCID: PMC5225439 DOI: 10.1038/srep40405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoplasmins are a nuclear chaperone family defined by the presence of a highly conserved N-terminal core domain. X-ray crystallographic studies of isolated nucleoplasmin core domains revealed a β-propeller structure consisting of a set of five monomers that together form a stable pentamer. Recent studies on isolated N-terminal domains from Drosophila 39-kDa FK506-binding protein (FKBP39) and from other chromatin-associated proteins showed analogous, nucleoplasmin-like (NPL) pentameric structures. Here, we report that the NPL domain of the full-length FKBP39 does not form pentameric complexes. Multi-angle light scattering (MALS) and sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation (SE AUC) analyses of the molecular mass of the full-length protein indicated that FKBP39 forms homotetrameric complexes. Molecular models reconstructed from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed that the NPL domain forms a stable, tetrameric core and that FK506-binding domains are linked to it by intrinsically disordered, flexible chains that form tentacle-like segments. Analyses of full-length FKBP39 and its isolated NPL domain suggested that the distal regions of the polypeptide chain influence and determine the quaternary conformation of the nucleoplasmin-like protein. These results provide new insights regarding the conserved structure of nucleoplasmin core domains and provide a potential explanation for the importance of the tetrameric structural organization of full-length nucleoplasmins.
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39
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Hammond CM, Strømme CB, Huang H, Patel DJ, Groth A. Histone chaperone networks shaping chromatin function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:141-158. [PMID: 28053344 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The association of histones with specific chaperone complexes is important for their folding, oligomerization, post-translational modification, nuclear import, stability, assembly and genomic localization. In this way, the chaperoning of soluble histones is a key determinant of histone availability and fate, which affects all chromosomal processes, including gene expression, chromosome segregation and genome replication and repair. Here, we review the distinct structural and functional properties of the expanding network of histone chaperones. We emphasize how chaperones cooperate in the histone chaperone network and via co-chaperone complexes to match histone supply with demand, thereby promoting proper nucleosome assembly and maintaining epigenetic information by recycling modified histones evicted from chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M Hammond
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Caroline B Strømme
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Hongda Huang
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Dinshaw J Patel
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Anja Groth
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
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40
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Scott DD, Oeffinger M. Nucleolin and nucleophosmin: nucleolar proteins with multiple functions in DNA repair. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:419-432. [PMID: 27673355 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus represents a highly multifunctional intranuclear organelle in which, in addition to the canonical ribosome assembly, numerous processes such as transcription, DNA repair and replication, the cell cycle, and apoptosis are coordinated. The nucleolus is further a key hub in the sensing of cellular stress and undergoes major structural and compositional changes in response to cellular perturbations. Numerous nucleolar proteins have been identified that, upon sensing nucleolar stress, deploy additional, non-ribosomal roles in the regulation of varied cell processes including cell cycle arrest, arrest of DNA replication, induction of DNA repair, and apoptosis, among others. The highly abundant proteins nucleophosmin (NPM1) and nucleolin (NCL) are two such factors that transit to the nucleoplasm in response to stress, and participate directly in the repair of numerous different DNA damages. This review discusses the contributions made by NCL and (or) NPM1 to the different DNA repair pathways employed by mammalian cells to repair DNA insults, and examines the implications of such activities for the regulation, pathogenesis, and therapeutic targeting of NPM1 and NCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Scott
- a Laboratory of RNP Biochemistry, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- b Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A3, Canada
| | - Marlene Oeffinger
- a Laboratory of RNP Biochemistry, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- b Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A3, Canada
- c Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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A Quantitative Characterization of Nucleoplasmin/Histone Complexes Reveals Chaperone Versatility. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32114. [PMID: 27558753 PMCID: PMC4997359 DOI: 10.1038/srep32114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoplasmin (NP) is an abundant histone chaperone in vertebrate oocytes and embryos involved in storing and releasing maternal histones to establish and maintain the zygotic epigenome. NP has been considered a H2A-H2B histone chaperone, and recently it has been shown that it can also interact with H3-H4. However, its interaction with different types of histones has not been quantitatively studied so far. We show here that NP binds H2A-H2B, H3-H4 and linker histones with Kd values in the subnanomolar range, forming different complexes. Post-translational modifications of NP regulate exposure of the polyGlu tract at the disordered distal face of the protein and induce an increase in chaperone affinity for all histones. The relative affinity of NP for H2A-H2B and linker histones and the fact that they interact with the distal face of the chaperone could explain their competition for chaperone binding, a relevant process in NP-mediated sperm chromatin remodelling during fertilization. Our data show that NP binds H3-H4 tetramers in a nucleosomal conformation and dimers, transferring them to DNA to form disomes and tetrasomes. This finding might be relevant to elucidate the role of NP in chromatin disassembly and assembly during replication and transcription.
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Abstract
The union of haploid gametes at fertilization initiates the formation of the diploid zygote in sexually reproducing animals. This founding event of embryogenesis includes several fascinating cellular and nuclear processes, such as sperm-egg cellular interactions, sperm chromatin remodelling, centrosome formation or pronuclear migration. In comparison with other aspects of development, the exploration of animal fertilization at the functional level has remained so far relatively limited, even in classical model organisms. Here, we have reviewed our current knowledge of fertilization in Drosophila melanogaster, with a special emphasis on the genes involved in the complex transformation of the fertilizing sperm nucleus into a replicated set of paternal chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Loppin
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS UMR5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Raphaëlle Dubruille
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS UMR5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Béatrice Horard
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS UMR5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Ellard K, Serpa JJ, Petrotchenko EV, Borchers CH, Ausió J. Expression and purification of the full murine NPM2 and study of its interaction with protamines and histones. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 6:165-171. [PMID: 28955874 PMCID: PMC5600342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse nucleoplasmin M.NPM2 was recombinantly expressed and the protein consisting of the complete sequence was purified and characterized. Similar to its Xenopus laevis X.NPM2 counterpart, the protein forms stable pentameric complexes and exhibits an almost undistinguishable hydrodynamic ionic strength-dependent unfolding behavior. The interaction of N.PM2 with histones and mouse P1/P2 protamines revealed that these chromosomal proteins bind preferentially to the distal part of the nucleoplasmin pentamer. Moreover, the present work highlights the critical role played by histones H2B and H4 in the association of the histone H2A-H2B dimers and histone octamer with nucleoplasmin. Characterization of the entire mouse M.NPM2 protein. Determination of sites of interaction of M.NPM2 with histones and mouse protamines. Use of crosslinking mass spectrometry to determine protein-protein interactions. Analysis of the C-terminal NPM2 unfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Ellard
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - Jason J Serpa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P6.,Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8Z 7X8
| | - Evgeniy V Petrotchenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P6.,Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8Z 7X8
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P6.,Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8Z 7X8
| | - Juan Ausió
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P6
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Garcia-Esparcia P, Hernández-Ortega K, Koneti A, Gil L, Delgado-Morales R, Castaño E, Carmona M, Ferrer I. Altered machinery of protein synthesis is region- and stage-dependent and is associated with α-synuclein oligomers in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2015; 3:76. [PMID: 26621506 PMCID: PMC4666041 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-015-0257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal α-synuclein in selected regions of the brain following a gradient of severity with disease progression. Whether this is accompanied by globally altered protein synthesis is poorly documented. The present study was carried out in PD stages 1-6 of Braak and middle-aged (MA) individuals without alterations in brain in the substantia nigra, frontal cortex area 8, angular gyrus, precuneus and putamen. RESULTS Reduced mRNA expression of nucleolar proteins nucleolin (NCL), nucleophosmin (NPM1), nucleoplasmin 3 (NPM3) and upstream binding transcription factor (UBF), decreased NPM1 but not NPM3 nucleolar protein immunostaining in remaining neurons; diminished 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA; reduced expression of several mRNAs encoding ribosomal protein (RP) subunits; and altered protein levels of initiation factor eIF3 and elongation factor eEF2 of protein synthesis was found in the substantia nigra in PD along with disease progression. Although many of these changes can be related to neuron loss in the substantia nigra, selective alteration of certain factors indicates variable degree of vulnerability of mRNAs, rRNAs and proteins in degenerating sustantia nigra. NPM1 mRNA and 18S rRNA was increased in the frontal cortex area 8 at stage 5-6; modifications were less marked and region-dependent in the angular gyrus and precuneus. Several RPs were abnormally regulated in the frontal cortex area 8 and precuneus, but only one RP in the angular gyrus, in PD. Altered levels of eIF3 and eIF1, and decrease eEF1A and eEF2 protein levels were observed in the frontal cortex in PD. No modifications were found in the putamen at any time of the study except transient modifications in 28S rRNA and only one RP mRNA at stages 5-6. These observations further indicate marked region-dependent and stage-dependent alterations in the cerebral cortex in PD. Altered solubility and α-synuclein oligomer formation, assessed in total homogenate fractions blotted with anti-α-synuclein oligomer-specific antibody, was demonstrated in the substantia nigra and frontal cortex, but not in the putamen, in PD. Dramatic increase in α-synuclein oligomers was also seen in fluorescent-activated cell sorter (FACS)-isolated nuclei in the frontal cortex in PD. CONCLUSIONS Altered machinery of protein synthesis is altered in the substantia nigra and cerebral cortex in PD being the frontal cortex area 8 more affected than the angular gyrus and precuneus; in contrast, pathways of protein synthesis are apparently preserved in the putamen. This is associated with the presence of α-synuclein oligomeric species in total homogenates; substantia nigra and frontal cortex are enriched, albeit with different band patterns, in α-synuclein oligomeric species, whereas α-synuclein oligomers are not detected in the putamen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Garcia-Esparcia
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karina Hernández-Ortega
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anusha Koneti
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Gil
- Department of Genetics, Medical School, Alfonso X el Sabio University, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Delgado-Morales
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Castaño
- Biology-Bellvitge Unit, Scientific and Technological Centers-University of Barcelona (CCiTUB), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Carmona
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Bellvitge University Hospital, carrer Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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Nasir A, Caetano-Anollés G. A phylogenomic data-driven exploration of viral origins and evolution. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500527. [PMID: 26601271 PMCID: PMC4643759 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The origin of viruses remains mysterious because of their diverse and patchy molecular and functional makeup. Although numerous hypotheses have attempted to explain viral origins, none is backed by substantive data. We take full advantage of the wealth of available protein structural and functional data to explore the evolution of the proteomic makeup of thousands of cells and viruses. Despite the extremely reduced nature of viral proteomes, we established an ancient origin of the "viral supergroup" and the existence of widespread episodes of horizontal transfer of genetic information. Viruses harboring different replicon types and infecting distantly related hosts shared many metabolic and informational protein structural domains of ancient origin that were also widespread in cellular proteomes. Phylogenomic analysis uncovered a universal tree of life and revealed that modern viruses reduced from multiple ancient cells that harbored segmented RNA genomes and coexisted with the ancestors of modern cells. The model for the origin and evolution of viruses and cells is backed by strong genomic and structural evidence and can be reconciled with existing models of viral evolution if one considers viruses to have originated from ancient cells and not from modern counterparts.
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46
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Reconstitution of mitotic chromatids with a minimum set of purified factors. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1014-23. [PMID: 26075356 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of mitotic chromosomes, each composed of a pair of rod-shaped chromatids, is an essential prerequisite for accurate transmission of the genome during cell division. It remains poorly understood, however, how this fundamental process might be achieved and regulated in the cell. Here we report an in vitro system in which mitotic chromatids can be reconstituted by mixing a simple substrate with only six purified factors: core histones, three histone chaperones (nucleoplasmin, Nap1 and FACT), topoisomerase II (topo II) and condensin I. We find that octameric nucleosomes containing the embryonic variant H2A.X-F are highly susceptible to FACT and function as the most productive substrate for subsequent actions of topo II and condensin I. Cdk1 phosphorylation of condensin I is the sole mitosis-specific modification required for chromatid reconstitution. This experimental system will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of action of individual factors and their cooperation during this process.
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Edlich-Muth C, Artero JB, Callow P, Przewloka MR, Watson AA, Zhang W, Glover DM, Debski J, Dadlez M, Round AR, Forsyth VT, Laue ED. The pentameric nucleoplasmin fold is present in Drosophila FKBP39 and a large number of chromatin-related proteins. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:1949-63. [PMID: 25813344 PMCID: PMC4414354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoplasmin is a histone chaperone that consists of a pentameric N-terminal domain and an unstructured C-terminal tail. The pentameric core domain, a doughnut-like structure with a central pore, is only found in the nucleoplasmin family. Here, we report the first structure of a nucleoplasmin-like domain (NPL) from the unrelated Drosophila protein, FKBP39, and we present evidence that this protein associates with chromatin. Furthermore, we show that two other chromatin proteins, Arabidopsis thaliana histone deacetylase type 2 (HD2) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fpr4, share the NPL fold and form pentamers, or a dimer of pentamers in the case of HD2. Thus, we propose a new family of proteins that share the pentameric nucleoplasmin-like NPL domain and are found in protists, fungi, plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Edlich-Muth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, CB2 1GA Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Baptiste Artero
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, ST5 5BG Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Phil Callow
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, ST5 5BG Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Marcin R Przewloka
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EH Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra A Watson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, CB2 1GA Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, CB2 1GA Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David M Glover
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EH Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Janusz Debski
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5A Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Dadlez
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5A Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam R Round
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France; Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-European Molecular Biology Laboratory-CNRS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, ST5 5BG Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - V Trevor Forsyth
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, ST5 5BG Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ernest D Laue
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, CB2 1GA Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Jang MK, Anderson DE, van Doorslaer K, McBride AA. A proteomic approach to discover and compare interacting partners of papillomavirus E2 proteins from diverse phylogenetic groups. Proteomics 2015; 15:2038-50. [PMID: 25758368 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses are a very successful group of viruses that replicate persistently in localized regions of the stratified epithelium of their specific host. Infection results in pathologies ranging from asymptomatic infection, benign warts, to malignant carcinomas. Despite this diversity, papillomavirus genomes are small (7-8 kbp) and contain at most eight genes. To sustain the complex papillomaviral life cycle, each viral protein has multiple functions and interacts with and manipulates a plethora of cellular proteins. In this study, we use tandem affinity purification and MS to identify host factors that interact with 11 different papillomavirus E2 proteins from diverse phylogenetic groups. The E2 proteins function in viral transcription and replication and correspondingly interact with host proteins involved in transcription, chromatin remodeling and modification, replication, and RNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Kyoo Jang
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Eric Anderson
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Koenraad van Doorslaer
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alison A McBride
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
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49
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Developmentally Regulated Post-translational Modification of Nucleoplasmin Controls Histone Sequestration and Deposition. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1735-1748. [PMID: 25772360 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoplasmin (Npm) is an abundant histone chaperone in vertebrate oocytes and embryos. During embryogenesis, regulation of Npm histone binding is critical for its function in storing and releasing maternal histones to establish and maintain the zygotic epigenome. Here, we demonstrate that Xenopus laevis Npm post-translational modifications (PTMs) specific to the oocyte and egg promote either histone deposition or sequestration, respectively. Mass spectrometry and Npm phosphomimetic mutations used in chromatin assembly assays identified hyperphosphorylation on the N-terminal tail as a critical regulator for sequestration. C-terminal tail phosphorylation and PRMT5-catalyzed arginine methylation enhance nucleosome assembly by promoting histone interaction with the second acidic tract of Npm. Electron microscopy reconstructions of Npm and TTLL4 activity toward the C-terminal tail demonstrate that oocyte- and egg-specific PTMs cause Npm conformational changes. Our results reveal that PTMs regulate Npm chaperoning activity by modulating Npm conformation and Npm-histone interaction, leading to histone sequestration in the egg.
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50
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Nasir A, Sun FJ, Kim KM, Caetano-Anollés G. Untangling the origin of viruses and their impact on cellular evolution. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1341:61-74. [PMID: 25758413 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The origin and evolution of viruses remain mysterious. Here, we focus on the distribution of viral replicons in host organisms, their morphological features, and the evolution of highly conserved protein and nucleic acid structures. The apparent inability of RNA viral replicons to infect contemporary akaryotic species suggests an early origin of RNA viruses and their subsequent loss in akaryotes. A census of virion morphotypes reveals that advanced forms were unique to viruses infecting a specific supergroup, while simpler forms were observed in viruses infecting organisms in all forms of cellular life. Results hint toward an ancient origin of viruses from an ancestral virus harboring either filamentous or spherical virions. Finally, phylogenetic trees built from protein domain and tRNA structures in thousands of genomes suggest that viruses evolved via reductive evolution from ancient cells. The analysis presents a complete account of the evolutionary history of cells and viruses and identifies viruses as crucial agents influencing cellular evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshan Nasir
- Evolutionary Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Crop Sciences and Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
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