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Mechanical Properties of Single-Crystal Calcite and Their Temperature and Strain-Rate Effects. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134613. [PMID: 35806738 PMCID: PMC9267817 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Calcite is the most stable crystalline phase of calcium carbonate. It is applied or found in composite products, the food industry, biomineralization, archaeology, and geology, and its mechanical properties have attracted more and more attention. In this paper, the mechanical behaviors of single-crystal calcite under uniaxial tension in different directions were simulated with the molecular dynamics method. The obtained elastic moduli are in good agreement with the experimental results. It has been found from further research that single-crystal calcite has typical quasi-brittle failure characteristics, and its elastic modulus, fracture strength, and fracture strain are all strongly anisotropic. The tensile failure is caused by dislocation emission, void formation, and phase transition along the [010] and [421] directions, but by continuous dislocation glide and multiplication along the [421¯] direction. The fracture strength, fracture strain, and elastic modulus are all sensitive to temperature, but only elastic modulus is not sensitive to strain rate. The effects of temperature and logarithmic strain rate on fracture strength are in good agreement with the predictions of fracture dynamics.
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Tsukamoto S, Takeuchi T, Tani A, Miyairi Y, Yokoyama Y. ESR and Radiocarbon Dating of Gut Strings from Early Plucked Instruments. Methods Protoc 2020; 3:mps3010013. [PMID: 32012965 PMCID: PMC7189657 DOI: 10.3390/mps3010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Early European plucked instruments have recently experienced a great revival, but a few aspects remain unknown (e.g., the gauge of gut strings). Here we report, for the first time, that the electron spin resonance (ESR) signal intensity of oxidized iron, Fe(III), from gut strings at g = 2 increases linearly with age within a few hundred years. The signal increase in the remaining old strings on early instruments can be used to judge if they are as old as or younger than the instrument. Obtaining the authenticity information of gut strings contributes to the revival of the old instruments and the music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Tsukamoto
- Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics, Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Taro Takeuchi
- The consortium for Guitar Research, Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge CB2 3HU, UK;
| | - Atsushi Tani
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;
| | - Yosuke Miyairi
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8564, Japan; (Y.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yusuke Yokoyama
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8564, Japan; (Y.M.); (Y.Y.)
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3
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Bi W, Yi C, Yang H. Quantitative relation between the ESR signal intensities in Ge and E’ centers and quartz mass. RADIAT MEAS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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4
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Willoughby PR, Compton T, Bello SM, Bushozi PM, Skinner AR, Stringer CB. Middle Stone Age human teeth from Magubike rockshelter, Iringa Region, Tanzania. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200530. [PMID: 30063742 PMCID: PMC6067719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2006, six isolated hominin teeth were excavated from Middle Stone Age (MSA) deposits at the Magubike rockshelter in southern Tanzania. They comprise two central incisors, one lateral incisor, one canine, one third premolar, and one fourth premolar. All are fully developed and come from the maxilla. None of the teeth are duplicated, so they may represent a single individual. While there is some evidence of post-depositional alteration, the morphology of these teeth clearly shares features with anatomically modern Homo sapiens. Both metric and non-metric traits are compared to those from other African and non-African dental remains. The degree of biological relatedness between eastern and southern African Stone Age hunter-gatherers has long been a subject of interest, and several characteristics of the Magubike teeth resemble those of the San of southern Africa. Another notable feature is that the three incisors are marked on the labial crown by scratches that are much coarser than microwear striations. These non-masticatory scratches on the Magubike teeth suggest that the use of the front teeth as tools included regularly repeated activities undertaken throughout the life of the individual. The exact age of these teeth is not clear as ESR and radiocarbon dates on associated snail shells give varying results, but a conservative estimate of their minimum age is 45,000 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Compton
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia M. Bello
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pastory M. Bushozi
- Department of History and Archaeology, College of Humanities, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Anne R. Skinner
- Department of Chemistry, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chris B. Stringer
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
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Möser J, Lips K, Tseytlin M, Eaton GR, Eaton SS, Schnegg A. Using rapid-scan EPR to improve the detection limit of quantitative EPR by more than one order of magnitude. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 281:17-25. [PMID: 28500917 PMCID: PMC5556260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
X-band rapid-scan EPR was implemented on a commercially available Bruker ELEXSYS E580 spectrometer. Room temperature rapid-scan and continuous-wave EPR spectra were recorded for amorphous silicon powder samples. By comparing the resulting signal intensities the feasibility of performing quantitative rapid-scan EPR is demonstrated. For different hydrogenated amorphous silicon samples, rapid-scan EPR results in signal-to-noise improvements by factors between 10 and 50. Rapid-scan EPR is thus capable of improving the detection limit of quantitative EPR by at least one order of magnitude. In addition, we provide a recipe for setting up and calibrating a conventional pulsed and continuous-wave EPR spectrometer for rapid-scan EPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Möser
- Berlin Joint EPR Lab, Institut für Nanospektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kékuléstr. 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - K Lips
- Berlin Joint EPR Lab, Institut für Nanospektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kékuléstr. 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Tseytlin
- Department of Biochemistry, 1 Medical Center Drive, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - G R Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - S S Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - A Schnegg
- Berlin Joint EPR Lab, Institut für Nanospektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kékuléstr. 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Kinoshita A, Mollemberg M, Santana W, G Figueiredo AM, Guidon N, Fátima da Luz MD, Guérin C, Baffa O. ESR dating of Smilodon populator from Toca de Cima dos Pilão, Piauí, Brazil. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 120:66-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Bortolussi C, Zoleo A, Maritan L, Collauto A, Brustolon M, Marrale M, Parlato A, Usai D. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and petrographic analysis for dating Mesolithic and Neolithic pottery from Al Khiday (Sudan). RADIAT MEAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Guilarte V, Trompier F, Duval M. Evaluating the Potential of Q-Band ESR Spectroscopy for Dose Reconstruction of Fossil Tooth Enamel. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150346. [PMID: 26930398 PMCID: PMC4773243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of Q-band Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) for quantitative measurements has been scarcely evaluated in the literature and its application for dose reconstruction of fossil tooth enamel with dating purposes remains still quite unknown. Hence, we have performed a comparative study based on several Early to Middle Pleistocene fossil tooth samples using both X- and Q-band spectroscopies. Our results show that Q-band offers a significant improvement in terms of sensitivity and signal resolution: it allows not only to work with reduced amounts of valuable samples (< 4 mg), but also to identify different components of the main composite ESR signal. However, inherent precision of the ESR intensity measurements at Q-band is clearly lower than that achieved at X-band, highlighting the necessity to carry out repeated measurements. All dose values derived from X- and Q-band are nevertheless systematically consistent at either 1 or 2 sigma. In summary, our results indicate that Q-band could now be considered as a reliable tool for ESR dosimetry/dating of fossil teeth although further work is required to improve the repeatability of the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Guilarte
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - François Trompier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mathieu Duval
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
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Aydaş C, Engin B, Kapan S, Komut T, Aydın T, Paksu U. Dose estimation, kinetics and dating of fossil marine mollusc shells from northwestern part of Turkey. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 105:72-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Tsukamoto S, Toyoda S, Tani A, Oppermann F. Single aliquot regenerative dose method for ESR dating using X-ray irradiation and preheat. RADIAT MEAS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Aydaş C, Aydın T. An investigation of the dosimetric and kinetic properties of sand using ESR and TL techniques. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 101:65-74. [PMID: 25839157 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this research, the general dosimetric and kinetic properties of sand from a beach in southern Turkey were investigated using electron spin resonance (ESR) and thermoluminescence (TL) techniques. The ESR dose response curve presents linear behaviour in the dose range of 250-1000 Gy followed by sublinear behaviour in the dose range of 2-8 kGy. Kinetic behaviors and activation energy of the free radical were also calculated using the data obtained from annealing studies performed at four different temperatures (220, 240, 260 and 280°C). The activation energy value was calculated as 1.47 eV. The long-term fading of the ESR signal at room temperature turned out to be best described by a second-order kinetic decay function. The presence of measurable ESR signal intensity even after a storage period of 90 days was considered as providing an opportunity in the dose estimation of irradiated sand sample. Although the TL glow curve of the natural (unirradiated) sand sample only has a single broad peak at 317°C, the glow curve of the irradiated sample has four glow peaks located at ~115°C, ~156°C, ~231°C and ~308°C and their intensity tends to be increased with absorbed dose.Tmax-Tstop and glow curve fitting results showed that presence of at least five peaks located at ∼116°C, 149°C, 228°C, 306°C and 360°C. This result suggests that the apparently single glow peak D may consist of two or more overlapping glow peaks. According to the thermal fading of the sand sample at room temperature, the TL signal intensities (23°C and 308°C) were found to be quite large after 30 days of storage this allows a more accurate measurement of the glow peak intensity. The additive dose method, variable heating rate method (VHRM), Tmax-Tstop and glow curve fitting method were used to number of peaks, dosimetric properties and kinetic parameters. This study shows that ESR and TL techniques could be successfully used to investigate the kinetics and dosimetric properties of sand sample. Furthermore, the results in this study plus the previous work done by the authors suggest that sand could, by using the ESR and TL techniques, be a suitable material for alternative dose measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Aydaş
- Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Sarayköy Nuclear Research and Training Center, Saray, 06983 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Talat Aydın
- Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Sarayköy Nuclear Research and Training Center, Saray, 06983 Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Eaton SS, Eaton GR. The world as viewed by and with unpaired electrons. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2012; 223:151-63. [PMID: 22975244 PMCID: PMC3496796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) include capabilities for applications to areas as diverse as archeology, beer shelf life, biological structure, dosimetry, in vivo imaging, molecular magnets, and quantum computing. Enabling technologies include multifrequency continuous wave, pulsed, and rapid scan EPR. Interpretation is enhanced by increasingly powerful computational models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
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Hajiloo N, Ziaie F, Mehtieva SI. Gamma-irradiated EPR response of nano-structure hydroxyapatite synthesised via hydrolysis method. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 148:487-491. [PMID: 21551458 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncr204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the gamma-irradiated EPR responses of hydroxyapatite (HAP) samples were investigated from a dosimetric point of view. For this purpose, nano-structure hydroxyapatite was synthesised via a hydrolysis method. A portion of the produced powder was annealed at 600 °C for 4 h. All the samples were irradiated under the (60)Co gamma-ray source at different absorbed doses from 0.1 to 45 kGy. EPR signal intensities of HAP samples were measured at room temperature in air. Subsequently, the EPR signal intensities were constructed as a function of radiation dose and were compared with the results of bone powder samples. The results show that the EPR responses of non-annealed HAP samples are higher than others for several times.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hajiloo
- Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, PO Box 31485-498, Karaj, Iran
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15
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Zoleo A, Bortolussi C, Brustolon M. Echo detected EPR as a tool for detecting radiation-induced defect signals in pottery. RADIAT MEAS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Joannes-Boyau R, Grün R. Decomposition of beta-ray induced ESR spectra of fossil tooth enamel. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Küçükuysal C, Engin B, Türkmenoğlu AG, Aydaş C. ESR dating of calcrete nodules from Bala, Ankara (Turkey): Preliminary results. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:492-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Limsuwan S, Vichaidid T, Limsuwan P. ESR dating of laterite from Ban Tha Ta Suea, Kanchanaburi, Thailand. Appl Radiat Isot 2010; 69:545-9. [PMID: 21106382 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating was carried out on laterite samples collected from Ban Tha Ta Suea, the original deposit of the laterite used in the construction of Muang Sing Historical Park. Ban Tha Ta Suea is about 6 km east of Muang Sing Historical Park in Kanchanaburi province (181 km far from Bangkok). The dose response of the g=2.0028 ESR signal was found to be suitable for age determination. An exponential saturation function was fitted to the ESR signal growth on additional γ-irradiation. Extrapolation of this function resulted in the accumulated dose 144±5 Gy. Gamma spectroscopy and neutron activation analysis (NAA) were used to determine concentrations of (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K in the samples from which the annual dose rate 16±2 mGy was calculated. In addition, the dose rate of cosmic rays was taken into account. The ESR age of laterite samples was found to be 9.0±0.9 ka. This age falls within the Holocene epoch of the Quaternary on the geological time scale. Samples from Muang Sing Historical Park were assigned to the same epoch. Both results agree with the geological map.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Limsuwan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
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Oliveira LC, Kinoshita A, Barreto AMF, Figueiredo AM, Silva JLL, Baffa O. ESR dating of teeth from Brazilian megafauna. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/249/1/012062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Gilbert CC, Grine FE. Morphometric variation in the papionin muzzle and the biochronology of the South African Plio-Pleistocene karst cave deposits. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2009; 141:418-29. [PMID: 19918994 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Papionin monkeys are widespread, relatively common members of Plio-Pleistocene faunal assemblages across Africa. For these reasons, papionin taxa have been used as biochronological indicators by which to infer the ages of the South African karst cave deposits. A recent morphometric study of South African fossil papionin muzzle shape concluded that its variation attests to a substantial and greater time depth for these sites than is generally estimated. This inference is significant, because accurate dating of the South African cave sites is critical to our knowledge of hominin evolution and mammalian biogeographic history. We here report the results of a comparative analysis of extant papionin monkeys by which variability of the South African fossil papionins may be assessed. The muzzles of 106 specimens representing six extant papionin genera were digitized and interlandmark distances were calculated. Results demonstrate that the overall amount of morphological variation present within the fossil assemblage fits comfortably within the range exhibited by the extant sample. We also performed a statistical experiment to assess the limitations imposed by small sample sizes, such as typically encountered in the fossil record. Results suggest that 15 specimens are sufficient to accurately represent the population mean for a given phenotype, but small sample sizes are insufficient to permit the accurate estimation of the population standard deviation, variance, and range. The suggestion that the muzzle morphology of fossil papionins attests to a considerable and previously unrecognized temporal depth of the South African karst cave sites is unwarranted.
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Roberts R, Westaway K, Zhao JX, Turney C, Bird M, Rink W, Fifield L. Geochronology of cave deposits at Liang Bua and of adjacent river terraces in the Wae Racang valley, western Flores, Indonesia: a synthesis of age estimates for the type locality of Homo floresiensis. J Hum Evol 2009; 57:484-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Initial excavation and dating of Ngalue Cave: A Middle Stone Age site along the Niassa Rift, Mozambique. J Hum Evol 2009; 57:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Thompson JW, Atiya IA, Rink WJ, Boreham D. Potential use of wallboard (drywall) for EPR retrospective dosimetry. RADIAT MEAS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2009.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Berger G, Pérez-González A, Carbonell E, Arsuaga J, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Ku TL. Luminescence chronology of cave sediments at the Atapuerca paleoanthropological site, Spain. J Hum Evol 2008; 55:300-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2007] [Revised: 01/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Thompson J, Schwarcz H. Electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry and dating potential of whewellite (calcium oxalate monohydrate). RADIAT MEAS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Domínguez-Rodrigo M, Mabulla A, Luque L, Thompson JW, Rink J, Bushozi P, Díez-Martin F, Alcala L. A new archaic Homo sapiens fossil from Lake Eyasi, Tanzania. J Hum Evol 2008; 54:899-903. [PMID: 18394679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Domínguez-Rodrigo
- Department of Prehistory, Complutense University, Prof. Aranguren s/n, Madrid, Spain.
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Kinoshita A, Barreto A, Alves R, Maria Figueiredo A, Eduardo de Souza Sarkis J, Dias ML, Baffa O. ESR dating of teeth from northeastern Brazilian megafauna. RADIAT MEAS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Millard AR. A critique of the chronometric evidence for hominid fossils: I. Africa and the Near East 500-50 ka. J Hum Evol 2008; 54:848-74. [PMID: 18201747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The chronometric dating evidence for all hominid fossils from Africa and the Near East that have previously been dated to 500-50 ka is critically assessed using the concept of chronometric hygiene, and these dates are revised using Bayesian statistical analyses where possible. Sixteen relevant hominid sites lacking chronometric evidence are briefly discussed. Chronometric evidence from 37 sites is assessed in detail. The dates for many hominid fossils are poorly constrained, with a number dated by comparisons of faunal assemblages-a method that does not have good chronological resolution for much of the last million years. For sites with stratigraphic sequences of dates, it is generally possible to refine the dating, but in some cases, the revised chronology is less precise than previous chronologies. Fossils over 200 ka in age tend to be poorly dated, but for the last 200 kyr, dating is better due to the availability of electron-spin-resonance and thermoluminescence dating. Consideration of the chronologies favored by the proponents of the out-of-Africa and multiregional hypotheses of human evolution shows their selectivity. The chronological assessment of the fossils here is compatible with either hypothesis. If evolutionary schemes that do not rely on the morphology of the hominid fossils to decide the sequence of fossils are to be built, then further dating is required, alongside full publication of existing dates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Millard
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UK.
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30
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Measurements of the uranium concentration and distribution in a fossil equid tooth using fission tracks, TIMS and laser ablation ICPMS: Implications for ESR dating. RADIAT MEAS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Lin M, Yin G, Han K, Bao J, Liu J, Jia L. Natural sunlight bleaching of the aluminum center in quartz. RADIAT MEAS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Dobosz B, Krzyminiewski R. Characteristic of paramagnetic centres in burnt clay and pottery by the EPR method. RADIAT MEAS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Chase PG, Debénath A, Dibble HL, McPherron SP, Schwarcz HP, Stafford TW, Tournepiche JF. New dates for the Fontéchevade (Charente, France) Homo remains. J Hum Evol 2007; 52:217-21. [PMID: 17059843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Homo I from the site of Fontéchevade, France, has long been an anomaly in the European fossil record. The specimen is a fragment of human frontal bone that lacks a supraorbital torus and appears to belong to an anatomically modern Homo sapiens. However, the level from which it was recovered in 1947 was dated on the basis of associated faunal and lithic material to the last interglacial or earlier. As a result, Homo I has been interpreted, among other things, as a representative of a pre-sapiens lineage in Europe. This paper reports on recent ESR and radiocarbon dates that indicate that the specimen almost certainly dates to oxygen isotope stage 3, which brings it in line with other evidence for the entry of modern Homo sapiens into Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip G Chase
- University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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34
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Grün R. A simple method for the rapid assessment of the qualitative ESR response of fossil samples to laboratory irradiation. RADIAT MEAS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Beerten K, Stesmans A. Some properties of Ti-related paramagnetic centres relevant for electron spin resonance dating of single sedimentary quartz grains. Appl Radiat Isot 2006; 64:594-602. [PMID: 16414265 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2005] [Revised: 11/17/2005] [Accepted: 12/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We performed Q-band ESR spectroscopy on several single quartz grains from different geological deposits. Various properties of Ti-related impurity centres in quartz relevant for ESR dating were studied. It will be shown that some properties, such as sensitivity change and response to artificial gamma-irradiation, may vary from grain to grain. It is concluded that single grain ESR dating is feasible at a pure experimental level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Beerten
- Laboratorium voor Stratigrafie, Afdeling Historische Geologie, Departement Geografie-Geologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Redingenstraat 16, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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36
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The use of Ti centers for estimating burial doses of single quartz grains: A case study from an aeolian deposit Ma old. RADIAT MEAS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Abstract
The methods that can be used for the direct dating of human remains comprise of radiocarbon, U-series, electron spin resonance (ESR), and amino acid racemization (AAR). This review gives an introduction to these methods in the context of dating human bones and teeth. Recent advances in ultrafiltration techniques have expanded the dating range of radiocarbon. It now seems feasible to reliably date bones up to 55,000 years. New developments in laser ablation mass spectrometry permit the in situ analysis of U-series isotopes, thus providing a rapid and virtually non-destructive dating method back to about 300,000 years. This is of particular importance when used in conjunction with non-destructive ESR analysis. New approaches in AAR analysis may lead to a renaissance of this method. The potential and present limitations of these direct dating techniques are discussed for sites relevant to the reconstruction of modern human evolution, including Florisbad, Border Cave, Tabun, Skhul, Qafzeh, Vindija, Banyoles, and Lake Mungo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Grün
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.
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38
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Skinner AR, Blackwell BAB, Martin S, Ortega A, Blickstein JIB, Golovanova LV, Doronichev VB. ESR dating at Mezmaiskaya Cave, Russia. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 62:219-24. [PMID: 15607452 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mezmaiskaya Cave has yielded more than 10,000 artifacts, thousands of very well preserved faunal remains, and hominin remains, found in seven Middle Paleolithic (Mousterian) and three Upper Paleolithic levels. A complete Neanderthal infant skeleton was preserved in anatomical juxtaposition lying on a large limestone block, overlain by the earliest Mousterian layer, Layer 3. Twenty-four skull fragments from a 1-2 year-old Neanderthal infant, showing post-mortem deformation, occurred in a pit originating in the Mousterian Layer 2 and penetrating into underlying layers 2A and 2B(1). Bone from Layer 2A was dated by AMS 14C at 35.8-36.3+/-0.5 kyr BP. Direct dating of Neanderthal bone from Layer 3 gave an age of 29 kyr, but that is now considered to be due to contamination by modern carbon. Fourteen large mammal teeth from Layers 2 through 3 have been dated by standard electron spin resonance (ESR). Low U concentrations in both the enamel and dentine ensure that ESR ages do not depend significantly on the U uptake model, but do depend strongly on the sedimentary dose rates. Assuming a sedimentary water concentration equal to 20 wt%, ESR ages for the Mousterian layers range from 36.2 to 73.0+/-5.0 ka.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Skinner
- Department of Chemistry, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.
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39
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Khan RFH, Pekar J, Rink WJ, Boreham DR. Retrospective radiation dosimetry using electron paramagnetic resonance in canine dental enamel. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 62:173-9. [PMID: 15607444 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) biodosimetry of human tooth enamel has been widely used for measuring radiation doses in various scenarios. We have now developed EPR dosimetry in tooth enamel extracted from canines. Molars and incisors from canines were cleaned by processing in supersaturated aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. The dosimetric signal in canine tooth enamel was found to increase linearly as a function of laboratory added dose from 0.44+/-0.02 to 4.42+/-0.22 Gy. The gamma radiation sensitivity of the canine molar enamel was found to be comparable to that of human tooth enamel. The dosimetric signal in canine enamel has been found to be stable up to at least 6 weeks after in vitro irradiation. A dosimetric signal variation of 10-25% was observed for canines ranging from in age 3 years to 16 year old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao F H Khan
- Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4M1.
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40
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Kinoshita A, Karmann I, William da Cruz F, Graeff CFO, Baffa O. K-band ESR spectra of calcite stalagmites from southeast and south Brazil. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 62:247-50. [PMID: 15607456 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Samples of calcite stalagmites from Caverna Santana (Sao Paulo State) and Caverna Botuvera (Santa Catarina State), southeastern and southern Brazil, respectively, were studied by electron spin resonance (ESR). The more common microwave frequency (X-Band, 9.5 GHz) as well as higher frequency K-band, 24 GHz were employed for the determination of the age of the samples. Even after extensive signal averaging, the dosimetric signal is not very well defined in the X-band (9.5 GHz). Using the K-band spectrometer it was possible to clearly identify the 6 hyperfine lines of Mn2+ and other paramagnetic centers in the g=2 region: SO2- and CO2- radicals. The use of high microwave frequency gives better S/N and spectral resolution making the identification of the dosimetric signal easier. The total dose (TD) or equivalent dose (ED) deposited in the samples was 2.3+/-0.3 Gy and 1.7+/-0.4 Gy for Caverna Botuvera samples and 2.6+/-0.7 Gy for the sample of Caverna Santana, giving an age of 2.9+/-0.7 ky, 2.1+/-0.8 ky and 3+/-1 ky, respectively. These first results are compatible with U/Th analysis. Due to the low S/N precision, measurements were possible only with the use of secondary standard composed on Mn2+ lines, naturally present in this sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Kinoshita
- Departamento de Física e Matemática, Ffclrp-Usp, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, Sp, Brazil.
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41
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Trinkaus E, Marks AE, Brugal JP, Bailey SE, Rink WJ, Richter D. Later Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Almonda Karstic system, Torres Novas, Portugal. J Hum Evol 2004; 45:219-26. [PMID: 14580591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Later Middle Pleistocene archeological deposits of the Galeria Pesada (Gruta da Aroeira), Almonda Karstic System, Torres Novas, Portugal, yielded two archaic human teeth, a mandibular canine and a maxillary third molar. The C(1)presents moderate and asymmetrical shoveling with a stout root. The slightly worn M(3)exhibits at least four cusps with a large hypocone, three roots with large radicular plates, and an absence of taurodontism. They are moderately large for later Middle Pleistocene humans in their buccolingual crown diameters, although the M(3)mesiodistal diameter is modest. The C(1)exhibits labial calculus and multiple linear hypoplastic defects, but the M(3)is lesion free. Both teeth are morphologically similar to those of other Middle Pleistocene European humans and reinforce a pattern of dental hypertrophy among these archaic Homo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Trinkaus
- Department of Anthropology, Campus Box 1114, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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42
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Khan RF, Rink W, Boreham D. Dosimetric response evaluation of tooth enamel for accelerator-based neutron radiation. RADIAT MEAS 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1350-4487(03)00009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Khan RFH, Rink WJ, Boreham DR. Biophysical dose measurement using electron paramagnetic resonance in rodent teeth. Appl Radiat Isot 2003; 59:189-96. [PMID: 12941510 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(03)00166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry of human tooth enamel has been widely used in measuring radiation doses in various scenarios. However, there are situations that do not involve a human victim (e.g. tests for suspected environmental overexposures, measurements of doses to experimental animals in radiation biology research, or chronology of archaeological deposits). For such cases we have developed an EPR dosimetry technique making use of enamel of teeth extracted from mice. Tooth enamel from both previously irradiated and unirradiated mice was extracted and cleaned by processing in supersaturated KOH aqueous solution. Teeth from mice with no previous irradiation history exhibited a linear EPR response to the dose in the range from 0.8 to 5.5 Gy. The EPR dose reconstruction for a preliminarily irradiated batch resulted in the radiation dose of (1.4+/-0.2) Gy, which was in a good agreement with the estimated exposure of the teeth. The sensitivity of the EPR response of mouse enamel to gamma radiation was found to be half of that of human tooth enamel. The dosimetric EPR signal of mouse enamel is stable up at least to 42 days after exposure to radiation. Dose reconstruction was only possible with the enamel extracted from molars and premolars and could not be performed with incisors. Electron micrographs showed structural variations in the incisor enamel, possibly explaining the large interfering signal in the non-molar teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao F H Khan
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ont., Canada L8S 4M1.
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Sastry M, Andrade MB, Watanabe S. Saturation transfer EPR (ST-EPR) for dating biocarbonates containing large amount of Mn2+: separation of SO3− and CO2− lines and geochronology of Brazilian fish fossil. RADIAT MEAS 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1350-4487(02)00173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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45
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Chaussé C, Limondin-Lozouet N, Occhietti S, Voinchet P, Bacon JC. La Nappe alluviale de Soucy-Les-Grandes-Pièces (Yonne, France) : reconstitution pluridisciplinaire du fonctionnement d’un cours d’eau du Pléistocène moyen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.7202/004779ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Résumé
La Nappe alluviale de Soucy (Yonne, France) a livré six gisements du Paléolithique inférieur. Sa mise en place peut être rapportée, d'après l'aminochronologie et les datations RPE sur quartz, aux stades isotopiques 10 et 9. Le rang interglaciaire des formations fluviatiles supérieures fines est souligné par les malacofaunes qui révèlent un milieu tempéré continental. Une reconstitution des différentes étapes de la construction de la plaine alluviale est proposée à partir de la morphologie des dépôts, l'image C-M, l'analyse des traits pédosédimentaires en lames minces et l'étude des malacofaunes. Le remblaiement s'organise à partir de plusieurs chenaux dont les fonctionnements sont distincts dans le temps et l'espace. Le chenal A, le plus ancien, est bordé en rive occidentale par un banc de convexité. Au cours d'une étape ultérieure, un lit fluvial à chenaux multiples, parcouru par des écoulements énergiques mais intermittents, s'installe sur la rive orientale du chenal A. L'incision du chenal B se produit à l'issue de la migration du cours d'eau vers l'est. Le milieu est légèrement boisé. Le développement d'un sol alluvial grisâtre marque ensuite une phase de stabilisation, qui s'accompagne de la régression des malacofaunes forestières. L'étape suivante est caractérisée par des dépôts de plaine d'inondation qui recouvrent l'ensemble de la plaine. Le développement de mollusques xérophiles et la puissante aggradation sédimentaire indiquent l'ouverture du milieu qui pourrait correspondre à la dégradation des conditions climatiques dans le cadre de la fin d'un interglaciaire.
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46
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Xing C, Yin G, Ding G, Lu Y, Shen X, Tian Q, Chai Z, Wei K. Thickness of calcium carbonate coats on stones of the Heishanxia terraces of the Yellow River and dating of coarse clastic sedimentary geomorphic surfaces. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03184104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Romanyukha AA, Seltzer SM, Desrosiers M, Ignatiev EA, Ivanov DV, Bayankin S, Degteva MO, Eichmiller FC, Wieser A, Jacob P. Correction factors in the EPR dose reconstruction for residents of the Middle and Lower Techa riverside. HEALTH PHYSICS 2001; 81:554-566. [PMID: 11669209 DOI: 10.1097/00004032-200111000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
During 1949-1956, the first Soviet nuclear weapons plant, Mayak, released about 7.6 x 10(7) m(-3) of liquid radioactive waste with a total activity of 10(17) Bq into the Techa River (Southern Urals, Russia). 90Sr contributed 11.6% to the total waste radioactivity. As a result of these radioactive discharges, about 28,000 local residents were exposed to ionizing radiation, and some of them received relatively high doses. Internal exposure of the population residing at the Middle and Lower Techa riverside was mostly from 90Sr deposited in bone and tooth tissues. In order to reconstruct radiation doses to this population group, a study of 35 teeth extracted from local residents was carried out using electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. A total of 73 samples from these 35 teeth (tooth enamel, 33; crown dentin, 20; and root dentin, 20) were prepared and measured with electron paramagnetic resonance. The study revealed high doses (up to 15 Gy) absorbed in tooth enamel of the individuals born during 1945-1949, which was attributed to very high local 90Sr concentration in tooth enamel of this particular age group in the population. The analysis presented here takes into account (a) the time courses both of the release/intake of 90Sr and of the tooth formation, and (b) expected variations in measured absorbed doses due to differing geometric sizes of tooth structures. This methodology enables a more consistent picture to be developed of the 90Sr intake by the Middle and Lower Techa riverside population, based on electron paramagnetic resonance tooth dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Romanyukha
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8460, USA.
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Abstract
In view of a decade of progress in ESR dating we have revised the ESR chronology of Border Cave. A detailed gamma ray survey in 1994 and newly calculated beta attenuation data led to total dose rate estimations that are between 0 and 30% smaller than previously estimated. Accordingly, the resulting ESR age estimates are between 0 and 30% older. The ESR dates are now in good agreement with independent age estimates, particularly(14)C and amino acid racemization. New ESR dates for the lowermost dated sedimentary layer, 5 WA (white ash), indicate that the sedimentation of the sequence started around 200 ka ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Grün
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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49
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Curnoe D, Grün R, Taylor L, Thackeray F. Direct ESR dating of a Pliocene hominin from Swartkrans. J Hum Evol 2001; 40:379-91. [PMID: 11322800 DOI: 10.1006/jhev.2000.0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two fragments of a hominin tooth (Australopithecus robustus) and two bovid teeth from the Hanging Remnant of the Swartkrans Formation were analysed with ESR. Research was complicated by the fact that the samples came from a curated collection and their precise provenance is unknown. The environmental dose rate was reconstructed by a series of in situ gamma spectrometric measurements and elemental analyses of a range of sediment samples. U-series isotopic analyses indicated that each of the teeth had a significantly different uranium uptake history, rendering the assumptive early U-uptake and linear U-uptake models ineffective. ESR and U-series data were combined to calculate open system ages, resulting in a best estimate of 1630+/-160 ka for the Hanging Remnant. An open-system model which provides the maximum age for given U-series and ESR measurements yielded an estimate of about 2100 ka. Two bovid teeth from Member 2, previously estimated to be between 1.0 and 2.0 Ma, yielded age estimates of between about 100 and 200 ka. No known geochemical processes are likely to explain this severe age underestimation. We conclude that these samples are of Middle to Upper Pleistocene age and their presence in Member 2 was either due to reworking or inadequate stratigraphical discrimination of these deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Curnoe
- Department of Archaeology and Natural History, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia.
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50
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Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) study of synthetic stishovite. RADIAT MEAS 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1350-4487(00)00116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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