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Wang S, Fang Y, Yu X, Guo L, Zhang X, Xia D. The flavonoid-rich fraction from rhizomes of Smilax glabra Roxb. ameliorates renal oxidative stress and inflammation in uric acid nephropathy rats through promoting uric acid excretion. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 111:162-168. [PMID: 30579255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Uric acid metabolic disorder is considered to be the main pathogenesis of uric acid nephropathy (UN). Smilax glabra Roxb. is a traditional Chinese herb which has been used in the treatment of gout, but the mechanism was unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of the flavonoid-rich fraction from rhizomes of Smilax glabra Roxb. (SGF) on uric acid nephropathy rats and its underlying mechanisms of promoting uric acid excretion. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were induced by high purine diet (yeast pellets + adenine) for 5 weeks. Rats were orally treated with SGF or allopurinol daily. The biochemical parameters and enzymes in different treated rats were determined by commercial kits. Kidney pathology was visualized using optical microscopy and electron microscopy. Renal inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. Renal fibrosis factors and uric acid transporters were analyzed by real time RT-PCR and western blot. The results showed that SGF significantly improved kidney function. Histopathologic examination revealed that urate-induced renal damage was markedly reversed by SGF. Meanwhile, SGF treatment was also found to significantly inhibit renal oxidative stress. SGF treatment obviously suppressed the inflammatory factors of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the profibrotic factors of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression in UN rats. Moreover, SGF either significantly inhibited uric acid production or promoted uric acid excretion in UN rats. The mechanism of SGF promoting uric acid excretion was related to its increase of ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), organic anion transporters 2 (OCT2) and organic cation/carnitine transporters 2 (OCTN2) expression. In conclusion, SGF could ameliorate renal oxidative stress and inflammation in UN rats through promoting uric acid excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Quzhou Central Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Quzhou, 324000, China; Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Quzhou Central Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Yuejuan Fang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xinfen Yu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Lu Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Daozong Xia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Feng Y, Yin Z, Zhang D, Srivastava A, Ling C. Chinese Medicine Protein and Peptide in Gene and Cell Therapy. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2018; 20:251-264. [PMID: 29895243 DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666180612082432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The success of gene and cell therapy in clinic during the past two decades as well as our expanding ability to manipulate these biomaterials are leading to new therapeutic options for a wide range of inherited and acquired diseases. Combining conventional therapies with this emerging field is a promising strategy to treat those previously-thought untreatable diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved for thousands of years in China and still plays an important role in human health. As part of the active ingredients of TCM, proteins and peptides have attracted long-term enthusiasm of researchers. More recently, they have been utilized in gene and cell therapy, resulting in promising novel strategies to treat both cancer and non-cancer diseases. This manuscript presents a critical review on this field, accompanied with perspectives on the challenges and new directions for future research in this emerging frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlu Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 401 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.,Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States
| | - Zifei Yin
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Zhang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States
| | - Arun Srivastava
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States
| | - Chen Ling
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States
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Hua S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Dong L, Huang J, Lin D, Fu X. Ethnomedicine, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Smilax glabra: An Important Traditional Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:261-297. [PMID: 29433390 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smilax glabra (SG) Roxb., a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has been extensively used worldwide for its marked pharmacological activities for treating syphilitic poisoned sores, limb hypertonicity, morbid leucorrhea, eczema pruritus, strangury due to heat, carbuncle toxin, and many other human ailments. Approximately 200 chemical compounds have been isolated from SG Roxb., and the major components have been determined to be flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, phenolic acids, and steroids. Among these active compounds, the effects of astilbin, which is used as a quality control marker to determine the quality of SG Roxb., have been widely investigated. Based on in vivo and in vitro studies, the primary active components of SG Roxb. possess various pharmacological activities, such as cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, antiviral, antibacterial, and cardiovascular system protective activities. However, an extensive study to determine the relationship between the chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of SG Roxb. has not been conducted and is worth of our study. Improving the means of utilizing the effects of SG is crucial. The present paper reviews the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of SG Roxb. and assesses its ethnopharmacological use in order to explore its therapeutic potential for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Hua
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- † School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Lin Dong
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Dingbo Lin
- ¶ Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 419 Human Sciences, Stillwater 74078, USA
| | - Xueyan Fu
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China.,‡ Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China.,§ Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Hui Medicine, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
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Triterpenoids from the Aerial Parts of Smilax kraussiana as Antitumor Agents. Chem Nat Compd 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-017-2237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Grosche A, Hauser A, Lepper MF, Mayo R, von Toerne C, Merl-Pham J, Hauck SM. The Proteome of Native Adult Müller Glial Cells From Murine Retina. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 15:462-80. [PMID: 26324419 PMCID: PMC4739667 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.052183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the proteomic profiling of Müller cells, the dominant macroglia of the retina, has been hampered because of the absence of suitable enrichment methods. We established a novel protocol to isolate native, intact Müller cells from adult murine retinae at excellent purity which retain in situ morphology and are well suited for proteomic analyses. Two different strategies of sample preparation - an in StageTips (iST) and a subcellular fractionation approach including cell surface protein profiling were used for quantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS) comparing Müller cell-enriched to depleted neuronal fractions. Pathway enrichment analyses on both data sets enabled us to identify Müller cell-specific functions which included focal adhesion kinase signaling, signal transduction mediated by calcium as second messenger, transmembrane neurotransmitter transport and antioxidant activity. Pathways associated with RNA processing, cellular respiration and phototransduction were enriched in the neuronal subpopulation. Proteomic results were validated for selected Müller cell genes by quantitative real time PCR, confirming the high expression levels of numerous members of the angiogenic and anti-inflammatory annexins and antioxidant enzymes (e.g. paraoxonase 2, peroxiredoxin 1, 4 and 6). Finally, the significant enrichment of antioxidant proteins in Müller cells was confirmed by measurements on vital retinal cells using the oxidative stress indicator CM-H2DCFDA. In contrast to photoreceptors or bipolar cells, Müller cells were most efficiently protected against H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species formation, which is in line with the protein repertoire identified in the proteomic profiling. Our novel approach to isolate intact glial cells from adult retina in combination with proteomic profiling enabled the identification of novel Müller glia specific proteins, which were validated as markers and for their functional impact in glial physiology. This provides the basis to allow the discovery of novel glial specializations and will enable us to elucidate the role of Müller cells in retinal pathologies — a topic still controversially discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Grosche
- From the ‡Insitute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Alexandra Hauser
- From the ‡Insitute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marlen Franziska Lepper
- §Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Mayo
- From the ‡Insitute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christine von Toerne
- §Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- §Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- §Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Dai W, Zhao W, Gao F, Shen J, Lv D, Qi Y, Fan G. Simultaneous chemical fingerprint and quantitative analysis ofRhizoma Smilacis Glabraeby accelerated solvent extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1466-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiquan Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
| | - Weiquan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
| | - Fangyuan Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
| | - Diya Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Yunpeng Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
| | - Guorong Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
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Inhibitory Effects of Chemical Compounds Isolated from the Rhizome of Smilax glabra on Nitric Oxide and Tumor Necrosis Factor- α Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cell. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:602425. [PMID: 25821492 PMCID: PMC4363603 DOI: 10.1155/2015/602425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The rhizome of Smilax glabra has been used for a long time as both food and folk medicine in many countries. The present study focused on the active constituents from the rhizome of S. glabra, which possess potential anti-inflammatory activities. As a result, nine known compounds were isolated from the rhizome of S. glabra with the bioassay-guiding, and were identified as syringaresinol (1), lasiodiplodin (2), de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (3), syringic acid (4), 1,4-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-butanediol (5), lyoniresinol (6), trans-resveratrol (7), trans-caffeic acid methyl ester (8), and dihydrokaempferol (9). Among these compounds, 2 and 3 were isolated for the first time from S. glabra. In addition, the potential anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced RAW264.7 cells. Results indicated that 4 and 7 showed significant inhibitory effects on NO production of RAW264.7 cells, and 1, 2, 3, and 5 showed moderate suppression effects on induced NO production. 1, 7, and 5 exhibited high inhibitory effects on TNF-α production, with the IC50 values less than 2.3, 4.4, and 16.6 μM, respectively. These findings strongly suggest that compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 were the potential anti-inflammatory active compositions of S. glabra.
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Liu Q, Ng T, Wang H. Isolation and characterization of a novel lectin from the wild mushroom Oudemansiella radicata (Relhan.: Fr.) sing. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Xia D, Fan Y, Zhang P, Fu Y, Ju M, Zhang X. Protective Effects of the Flavonoid-Rich Fraction from Rhizomes of Smilax glabra Roxb. on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. J Membr Biol 2013; 246:479-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Musca domestica pupae lectin induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells through a NF-κB/p65-mediated caspase pathway. Bull Cancer 2012; 99:E49-54. [PMID: 22455932 DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2012.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new lectin (42 kDa) from Musca domestica pupae (MPL) has been known to inhibit proliferation in tumor cells. In this study, flow cytometry analysis showed that MPL induced HepG2 cells apoptosis significantly and the cells were arrested at S phase. MPL inhibited IκB-α degradation and NF-κB/p65 translocation from cytoplasm into nucleus. Simultaneously, the expressions of FLIP, which is a target gene of NF-κB/p65 were down-regulated and the caspase-8 and caspase-3 were then activated to induce apoptosis. Taken together, these results showed that MPL induced a caspase-dependent apoptosis via NF-κB/p65 pathway in HepG2 cells.
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12
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Petnual P, Sangvanich P, Karnchanatat A. A lectin from the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and its antifungal, antibacterial, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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13
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Konkumnerd W, Karnchanatat A, Sangvanich P. A thermostable lectin from the rhizomes of Kaempferia parviflora. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:1920-1925. [PMID: 20549650 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaempferia parviflora, or black galingale (Kra-Chai-Dam), belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and is used as both a food ingredient and a medicinal plant. There are diverse reports on the biological activities of compounds extracted from the plant, such as antimalarial, antifungal and an effective sexual-enhancing role, but not on the lectins. RESULTS A lectin was isolated from the rhizomes of Kaempferia parviflora using affinity chromatography on Concanavalin A followed by gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl S-100. The molecular weight of the purified lectin was about 41.7 kDa. This lectin showed haemagglutinating activity against erythrocytes from several sources, with the highest level being against those from rabbits. Moreover, the lectin was thermostable, with significant haemagglutinating activity detectable up to 75 degrees C. The results of trypsin digestion and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis suggested that this protein could be a member of the lectin/endochitnase1 family. CONCLUSION A lectin that showed thermotolerant haemagglutinating activity against erythrocytes from several sources was successfully purified from K. paviflora rhizomes. Peptide sequence analysis indicated that this lectin is similar to lectin/endochitinase 1 (Urtica dioica) or Hevein-like protein (Hevea brasiliensis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichchulada Konkumnerd
- Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Xia D, Yu X, Liao S, Shao Q, Mou H, Ma W. Protective effect of Smilax glabra extract against lead-induced oxidative stress in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 130:414-20. [PMID: 20580805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Smilax glabra Roxb. is a traditional Chinese herb, the rhizome of Smilax glabra has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of lead poisoning. AIMS OF THE STUDY The present study was conducted to investigate the protective role of Smilax glabra extract (SGE) individually or combined with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) against the effects of lead acetate on oxidative stress and lead burden in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The biochemical parameters and enzymes in different treated rats were determined by commercial kits. The metal concentrations were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. RESULTS SGE (300 mg/kg) showed very low toxicity to organs in non-lead exposed rats. Administration of SGE individually had no effect on blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) level but significantly enhanced the glutathione (GSH) content and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in lead exposed rats. The co-treatment of SGE and DMSA had a synergism in increasing brain, liver and kidney superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and GSH level, and decreasing oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels. Moreover, the co-treatment could improve the hepatic and renal histopathology changes. SGE as chelating agent showed significant efficiency in reducing blood and tissue lead burden. CONCLUSIONS The in vivo results suggested that SGE individually or combined with DMSA exhibited remarkable protective effects on lead-induced oxidative stress and lead burden in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daozong Xia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, China.
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Ivanova A, Mikhova B, Klaiber I, Dinchev D, Kostova I. Steroidal saponins from Smilax excelsa rhizomes. Nat Prod Res 2009; 23:916-24. [DOI: 10.1080/14786410802624827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoaneta Ivanova
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bozhanka Mikhova
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iris Klaiber
- b Life Science Center, University of Hohenheim , Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dragomir Dinchev
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Kostova
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia, Bulgaria
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Zhang QF, Li SC, Lai WP, Cheung HY. β-Cyclodextrin facilitates simultaneous analysis of six bioactive components in Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae by capillary zone electrophoresis. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Purification and characterization of a novel lectin from the toxic wild mushroom Inocybe umbrinella. Toxicon 2008; 53:360-6. [PMID: 19111567 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
From the dried fruiting bodies of the toxic mushroom Inocybe umbrinella, a novel lectin with a molecular mass of 17 kDa has been isolated with about 160-fold purification. The purification protocol comprised ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and CM-cellulose, and gel filtration on Superdex 75. Among the carbohydrates tested, raffinose, d-melibiose, alpha-lactose and d(+)-galactose could inhibit the hemagglutinating activity of the lectin. The hemagglutinating activity was stable between 10 and 60 degrees C, in 12.5-100mM HCl, and in 50mM NaOH. The hemagglutinating activity was inhibited by Ca(2+), Mn(2+)and Mg(2+) ions, but was unaffected by Fe(3+), Zn(2+) and Al(3+) ions. The lectin inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC(50) of 4.7+/-0.2 microM. Proliferation of tumor cells including hepatoma HepG2 cells and breast cancer MCF7 cells was inhibited by the lectin with an IC(50) of 3.5+/-0.2 microM and 7.4+/-0.3 micoM, respectively. The lectin has a unique N-terminal amino acid sequence, DGVLATNAVA. It did not exhibit antifungal activity. The present report is the first on an Inocybe lectin and represents one of the very few reports on lectins from toxic mushrooms.
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Xu X, Wu C, Liu C, Luo Y, Li J, Zhao X, Damme EV, Bao J. Purification and characterization of a mannose-binding lectin from the rhizomes of Aspidistra elatior Blume with antiproliferative activity. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2007; 39:507-19. [PMID: 17622470 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2007.00305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A lectin with a novel N-terminal amino acid sequence was purified from the rhizomes of Aspidistra elatior Blume by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose and carboxymethyl-Sepharose and gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl S-100. The A. elatior Blume lectin (AEL) is a heterotetramer with a molecular mass of 56 kDa and composed of two homodimers consisting of two different polypeptides of 13.5 kDa and 14.5 kDa held together by noncovalent interactions. Hapten inhibition assay indicated that hemagglutinating activity of AEL towards rabbit erythrocytes could be inhibited by D-mannose, mannan, thyroglobulin and ovomucoid. The lectin was stable up to 70 degrees C, and showed maximum activity in a narrow pH range of 7.0-8.0. Chemical modification and spectrum analysis indicated that tryptophan, arginine, cysteine and carboxyl group residues were essential for its hemagglutinating activity. However, they might not be present in the active center, except some carboxyl group residues. AEL also showed significant in vitro antiproliferative activity towards Bre-04 (66%), Lu-04 (60%) and HepG2 (56%) of human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Qureshi IA, Dash P, Srivastava PS, Koundal KR. Purification and characterization of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific lectin from seeds of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2006; 17:350-6. [PMID: 17019937 DOI: 10.1002/pca.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel lectin (CAA-II) was isolated and purified from the seeds of Cicer arietinum by ammonium sulphate fractionation and affinity chromatography on an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-linked agarose column. The lectin is composed of four identical subunits of 30 kDa and the molecular mass of the native lectin was estimated to be 120 kDa by gel filtration chromatography and confirmed by mass spectrometry. The lectin showed agglutination activity against rabbit erythrocytes (trypsin-treated and untreated) as well as against human erythrocytes. Haemagglutination inhibition assays showed that the lectin is a galactose-specific protein having a high affinity for N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. The molecular weight, haemagglutination pattern, carbohydrate specificity and N-terminal amino acid sequence indicated that the lectin is clearly distinct from the previously reported chickpea lectin CAA-I.
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Feng K, Liu QH, Ng TB, Liu HZ, Li JQ, Chen G, Sheng HY, Xie ZL, Wang HX. Isolation and characterization of a novel lectin from the mushroom Armillaria luteo-virens. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:1573-8. [PMID: 16730651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
From the dried fruiting bodies of the mushroom Armillaria luteo-virens, a dimeric lectin with a molecular mass of 29.4 kDa has been isolated. The purification procedure involved (NH(4))(2)SO(4) precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose, and Q-Sepharose, and gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography on Superdex 75. The hemagglutinating activity of the lectin could not be inhibited by simple sugars but was inhibited by the polysaccharide inulin. The activity was stable up to 70 degrees C but was acid- and alkali-labile. Salts including FeCl(3), AlCl(3), and ZnCl(2) inhibited the activity whereas MgCl(2), MnCl(2), and CaCl(2) did not. The lectin stimulated mitogenic response of mouse splenocytes with the maximal response achieved by 1microM lectin. Proliferation of tumor cells including MBL2 cells, HeLa cells, and L1210 cells was inhibited by the lectin with an IC(50) of 2.5, 5, and 10 microM, respectively. However, proliferation of HepG2 cells was not affected. The novel aspects of the isolated lectin include a novel N-terminal sequence, fair thermostability, acid stability, and alkali stability, together with potent mitogenic activity toward spleen cells and antiproliferative activity toward tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing
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21
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Chu KT, Ng TB. Smilaxin, a novel protein with immunostimulatory, antiproliferative, and HIV-1-reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities from fresh Smilax glabra rhizomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 340:118-24. [PMID: 16375860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 12/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A protein, with a novel N-terminal amino acid sequence and a molecular mass of 30 kDa, was purified from fresh Smilax glabra rhizomes by adsorption on DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose, Con A-Sepharose, and Mono S, and by fast protein liquid chromatography-gel filtration on Superdex 75. The protein, designated as smilaxin, stimulated uptake of [methyl-3H]thymidine by murine splenocytes, peritoneal macrophages, and bone marrow cells, and production of nitric oxide by peritoneal macrophages. It inhibited uptake of [methyl-3H]thymidine by MBL2 and PU5 tumor cells but not uptake by S180 and L1210 cells. Smilaxin augmented glucose uptake into rat adipose tissue. It attenuated the activity of HIV-1-reverse transcriptase with an IC50 of 5.6 microM. However, it did not display hemagglutinating, antifungal or translation-inhibitory activities, indicating that it is not a lectin, an antifungal protein, or a ribosome-inactivating protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Chu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, China
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22
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Yan Q, Jiang Z, Yang S, Deng W, Han L. A novel homodimeric lectin from Astragalus mongholicus with antifungal activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2005; 442:72-81. [PMID: 16140255 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Revised: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 07/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel lectin (AMML) was isolated from a Chinese herb, i.e., the roots of Astragalus mongholicus, using a combination of ammonium sulfate fraction and ion exchange chromatographies. The molecular mass of intact AMML was determined to be 66,396 Da by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and 61.8 kDa by gel filtration, respectively. AMML was a dimeric protein composed of two identical subunits each with a molecular mass of 29.6 kDa. The lectin was a glycoprotein with a neutral carbohydrate content of 19.6%. The purified lectin hemagglutinated both rabbit and human erythrocytes, and showed preference for blood types O (native) and AB (trypsin-treated). Among various carbohydrates tested, the lectin was best inhibited by D-galactose and its derivatives with pronounced preference for lactose (3.13 mM). N-terminal amino acid sequence of AMML was determined as ESGINLQGDATLANN. The optimal pH range for lectin activity was between pH 4.5 and 7.5, and the lectin was active up to 65 degrees C. It also exerted antifungal activity against Botrytis cincerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletorichum sp., and Drechslera turcia but not against Rhizoctonia solani and Mycosphaerella arachidicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojuan Yan
- Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, Engineering College, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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23
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Bains JS, Dhuna V, Singh J, Kamboj SS, Nijjar KK, Agrewala JN. Novel lectins from rhizomes of two Acorus species with mitogenic activity and inhibitory potential towards murine cancer cell lines. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 5:1470-8. [PMID: 15953573 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2004] [Revised: 11/16/2004] [Accepted: 04/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two novel lectins were purified from rhizomes of two sweet flag species, namely Acorus calamus (Linn.) and Acorus gramineus (Solandin Ait.) by affinity chromatography on mannose linked epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B. The apparent molecular mass of the lectins, as determined by gel filtration chromatography, was 56 kDa for ACL and 55 kDa for AGL. In SDS-PAGE, pH 8.3, both lectins migrated with a subunit molecular mass of 13.6 kDa and 13.5 kDa, respectively, under reducing and non-reducing conditions thus indicating the absence of disulphide linkages. Acorus lectins readily agglutinated rabbit, rat and guinea pig erythrocytes. Both ACL and AGL also reacted with RBCs from sheep, goat and human ABO blood groups after neuraminidase treatment. ACL and AGL were inhibited by mannose/glucose and their derivatives. The most effective inhibitor was methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside. Acorus lectins were stable up to 55 degrees C, did not require metal ions for their activity and were also affected by high concentrations of denaturants like urea, thiourea and guanidine-HCl. These lectins showed potent mitogenic activity towards mouse splenocytes and human lymphocytes. Both ACL and AGL also significantly inhibited the growth of J774, a murine macrophage cancer cell-line and to lesser extent WEHI-279, a B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagmohan Singh Bains
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
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24
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Tripathi S, Maiti TK. Immunomodulatory role of native and heat denatured agglutinin from Abrus precatorius. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 37:451-62. [PMID: 15474989 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2004.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2003] [Revised: 04/13/2004] [Accepted: 07/22/2004] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are known as polyclonal activators of lymphocytes and work through the induction of battery of cytokines, which vary from lectin to lectin. Most widely used biological response modifier Mistletoe lectin (ML-1) in therapy stimulates lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells and induces both TH1 and TH2 type cytokines. Abrus agglutinin, similar to ML-1 with respect to carbohydrate specificity [gal (beta1-->3) gal/Nac], was studied both in native (NA) and heat denatured (HDA) condition for murine splenocyte proliferation, cytokine secretion, NK-cell activation, and thymocyte proliferation in vitro with a view to assess its potential as an immunomodulator. Both NA and HDA activate splenocytes and induce production of cytokines like IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alphabeta indicating a TH1 type of immune response. Native agglutinin and HDA induced conditioned media of adherent splenocytes could stimulate non-adherent splenocytes and vice versa. Heat denatured agglutinin was able to induce NK-cell activation at much lower concentration than that of NA, but the extent of NK-cell activation was higher for NA. Proliferation of thymocytes by NA and HDA was also observed. This study indicates that Abrus agglutinin could be a potential immunomodulator both in native as well as in heat denatured form.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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25
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Santos AFS, Argolo ACC, Coelho LCBB, Paiva PMG. Detection of water soluble lectin and antioxidant component from Moringa oleifera seeds. WATER RESEARCH 2005; 39:975-980. [PMID: 15766952 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2004.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2002] [Revised: 06/09/2004] [Accepted: 12/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Seed flour from Moringa oleifera is widely used as a natural coagulant for water treatment in developing countries. Extracts obtained by water soaking of M. oleifera intact seeds were investigated for the presence of lectin, trypsin inhibitor, tannin as well as antioxidant activity. A water soluble M. oleifera lectin (WSMoL) detected was mainly active with rabbit cells at pH 4.5; heat treatment, pH 7.0, fructose and porcine thyroglobulin abolished HA of WSMoL. Trypsin inhibitor or tannins were not detected; the antioxidant component (WSMoAC) reduced 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) was slower than catechin and was thermostable. The extracts showed a primary glycopolypeptide band of Mw 20,000; the main native acidic protein showed hemagglutinating activity. WSMoL may be involved in seed coagulant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F S Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, CBB/UFPE, Av. Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, 50670-420, Brazil
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26
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Wang HX, Ng TB. Alocasin, an anti-fungal protein from rhizomes of the giant taro Alocasia macrorrhiza. Protein Expr Purif 2003; 28:9-14. [PMID: 12651101 DOI: 10.1016/s1046-5928(02)00604-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An anti-fungal protein designated alocasin was isolated from the rhizomes of the giant taro Alocasia macrorrhiza. The isolation protocol involved ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose, ion exchange chromatography on sulfopropyl (SP)-Sepharose, and gel filtration on Superdex 75. Alocasin, which was unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose and SP-Sepharose, possessed the N-terminal sequence APEGEV, which exhibited some similarity to that of the miraculin-like anti-fungal protein from Pisum sativum legumes. It demonstrated a molecular mass of 11kDa in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration, and displayed anti-fungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. Alocasin reduced the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. It exhibited weak hemagglutinating activity, only at a concentration of 1mg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Ng TB, Lam YW. Isolation of a novel agglutinin with complex carbohydrate binding specificity from fresh fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Lyophyllum shimeiji. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 290:563-8. [PMID: 11779209 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A hemagglutinin, with a molecular weight of 30,000 and expressing hemagglutinating activity which could not be inhibited by simple sugars and glycoproteins, was isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Lyophyllum shimeiji. The protein was adsorbed on CM-Sepharose even in 20 mM ammonium acetate (pH 5.5) containing 1 M NaCl and was desorbed by 20 mM ammonium bicarbonate (pH 9). The hemagglutinating activity was subsequently adsorbed on Mono S in 20 mM ammonium acetate (pH 5.5) and was desorbed by a linear gradient of 0.2-0.5 M NaCl in ammonium acetate buffer. The hemagglutinin exhibited a novel N-terminal sequence not found in any lectin and hemagglutinin reported so far. It was devoid of antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Ng
- Department of Biochemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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