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Kato T, Uchida J, Ishii Y, Watanabe G. Aquatic Functional Liquid Crystals: Design, Functionalization, and Molecular Simulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306529. [PMID: 38126650 PMCID: PMC10885670 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic functional liquid crystals, which are ordered molecular assemblies that work in water environment, are described in this review. Aquatic functional liquid crystals are liquid-crystalline (LC) materials interacting water molecules or aquatic environment. They include aquatic lyotropic liquid crystals and LC based materials that have aquatic interfaces, for example, nanoporous water treatment membranes that are solids preserving LC order. They can remove ions and viruses with nano- and subnano-porous structures. Columnar, smectic, bicontinuous LC structures are used for fabrication of these 1D, 2D, 3D materials. Design and functionalization of aquatic LC sensors based on aqueous/LC interfaces are also described. The ordering transitions of liquid crystals induced by molecular recognition at the aqueous interfaces provide distinct optical responses. Molecular orientation and dynamic behavior of these aquatic functional LC materials are studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The molecular interactions of LC materials and water are key of these investigations. New insights into aquatic functional LC materials contribute to the fields of environment, healthcare, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Junya Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ishii
- Department of Data Science, School of Frontier Engineering, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Go Watanabe
- Department of Data Science, School of Frontier Engineering, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, 252-0373, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Ebina, 243-0435, Japan
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Lamellar Tetragonal Symmetry of Amphiphilic Thermotropic Ionic Liquid Crystals in the Framework of Other Closely Related Highly Ordered Structures. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An overview of the chemical compounds forming the rare smectic T phases is presented with references to the historical context. Thermodynamics (transition temperatures, enthalpies) along with the factors (stereochemical constraints, electrostatic interactions, aliphatic chain stacking, intermolecular forces) contributing to the adoption of tetragonal scaffolds are also discussed. Characteristic optical microscopy textures and X-ray diffraction patterns are presented. In parallel, a comparison of the geometrical parameters such as distances between atoms, molecular areas, volumes, and lattice parameters with the closest two-dimensional and three-dimensional organizations, is performed.
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Rodlike 4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine derivatives, effect of the core length on mesophase behavior and their application as LE-LCD device. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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4
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1,10-Phenanthroline-based hexacatenar LCs with complex self-assembly, photophysical and binding selectivity behaviors. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Kutsumizu S, Kawafuchi A, Yamamura Y, Udagawa T, Otaki T, Masuda M, Miwa Y, Saito K. Stabilization of Bicontinuous Cubic Phase and Its Two-Sided Nature Produced by Use of Siloxane Tails and Introduction of Molecular Nonsymmetry. Chemistry 2021; 27:10293-10302. [PMID: 34031926 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A recent intriguing finding that a helical network arrangement forms the bicontinuous cubic phase is attracting great attention for the possibility of new routes to asymmetric synthesis by achiral molecules. However, the design of the molecular structure for the cubic phase is still unrevealed. In this work, a nonsymmetric core molecule with larger naphthalene and smaller benzene moieties at each side of the central linkage and the same disiloxanyldecyloxy terminal at both terminals is shown to be the first example of molecule forming both single-layered and double-layered core assembly modes in the Ia3d phase as a single molecule system. The molecule forms the former mode at high temperatures as a thermodynamically stable phase, similarly to the symmetric naphthalene core system, whereas, on cooling below a temperature (∼350 K), a metastable Ia3d phase forms a double-layered core state down to room temperature, which is common to the benzene core system. As another effect of the nonsymmetric core, the cubic phase is maintained at room temperature for more than 100 days with slight distortion. Infrared spectral studies and quantum chemical calculations suggested the easy transformation between the two core assembly modes. The core nonsymmetry can be a versatile fine-tuning of the core assembly mode and phase stability for the cubic phase molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akane Kawafuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Yamamura
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Taro Udagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takashi Otaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masaki Masuda
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuya Saito
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
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Maekawa A, Kobayashi T, Ichikawa T. Gyroid nanostructured soft membranes formed by controlling the degree of crosslinking polymerization of bicontinuous cubic liquid-crystalline monomers. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-00436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Uemura N, Kobayashi T, Yoshida S, Li YX, Goossens K, Zeng X, Watanabe G, Ichikawa T. Double-Gyroid Nanostructure Formation by Aggregation-Induced Atropisomerization and Co-Assembly of Ionic Liquid-Crystalline Amphiphiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8445-8450. [PMID: 32128958 PMCID: PMC7318300 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report a new molecular‐design principle for creating double‐gyroid nanostructured molecular assemblies based on atropisomerization. Ionic amphiphiles containing two imidazolium rings close to each other were designed and synthesized. NMR data revealed that the rotation of the imidazolium rings is restricted, with an activation energy as high as 63 kJ mol−1 in DMSO‐d6 solution (DFT prediction for a model compound in the vacuum: 90–100 kJ mol−1). Due to the restricted rotation, the amphiphiles feature “double” atropisomeric axes in their ionic segments and form three stable atropisomers: meso, R, and S. These isomers co‐organize into Ia3‾d
‐type bicontinuous cubic liquid‐crystalline mesophases through nanosegregation of the ionic and non‐ionic parts. Considering the intrinsic characteristic of Ia3‾d
‐type bicontinuous cubic structures that they are composed of intertwined right‐ and left‐handed single gyroids, we propose that the simultaneous presence of both R‐ and S‐atropisomers is an important contributor to the formation of double‐gyroid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Uemura
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Kobayashi
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yoshida
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ya-Xin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Karel Goossens
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Go Watanabe
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ichikawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
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Uemura N, Kobayashi T, Yoshida S, Li Y, Goossens K, Zeng X, Watanabe G, Ichikawa T. Double‐Gyroid Nanostructure Formation by Aggregation‐Induced Atropisomerization and Co‐Assembly of Ionic Liquid‐Crystalline Amphiphiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Uemura
- Department of Biotechnology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Tsubasa Kobayashi
- Department of Biotechnology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Shintaro Yoshida
- Department of Physics School of Science Kitasato University Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Ya‐xin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - Karel Goossens
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - Go Watanabe
- Department of Physics School of Science Kitasato University Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Takahiro Ichikawa
- Department of Biotechnology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
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9
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Kawafuchi A, Kutsumizu S, Kawase Y, Tokiwa I, Udagawa T, Miwa Y. Molecular design of anti-spindle-like molecules by use of siloxanyl terminals for a thermotropic bicontinuous cubic phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10132-10141. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06831g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By modifying the three molecular moieties, siloxane terminal, alkyl spacer, and aromatic core part, the molecular requirements for the formation of bicontinuous cubic phases are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Kawafuchi
- Applied Chemistry Division
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Gifu 501-1193
| | - Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Gifu 501-1193
| | - Yuki Kawase
- Materials Chemistry Course
- Department of Materials Science and Processing, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Issei Tokiwa
- Applied Chemistry Division
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Gifu 501-1193
| | - Taro Udagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Gifu 501-1193
| | - Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Gifu 501-1193
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10
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Kobayashi T, Li YX, Ono A, Zeng XB, Ichikawa T. Gyroid structured aqua-sheets with sub-nanometer thickness enabling 3D fast proton relay conduction. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6245-6253. [PMID: 31367299 PMCID: PMC6615241 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00131j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A polymerizable amphiphile having two zwitterionic head-groups has been designed. This compound co-organizes with an acid, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (HTf2N), into a gyroid bicontinuous cubic liquid-crystalline phase. In situ polymerization of this phase has been successfully achieved by UV irradiation in the presence of a photoinitiator, yielding a self-standing gyroid-nanostructured polymer film. When the polymer film is placed under different relative humidity conditions or in water, it absorbs water owing to the strong hydration ability of the zwitterionic parts. It has been found that the polymer film preserves the gyroid nanostructure after the water absorption. Based on reconstructed electron density maps, it is assumed that the absorbed water molecules form a 3D continuous network along the gyroid minimal surface, which satisfies several key conditions for inducing fast proton conduction. As expected, such hydrated films show high ionic conductivities in the order of 10-1 S cm-1 when the water content of the film reaches 15.6 wt% at RH = 90%. The high conductivity is attributed to the induction of the Grotthuss mechanism, that is, proton conduction via the hydrogen-bonding network of the incorporated water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Kobayashi
- Department of Biotechnology , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Naka-cho, Koganei , Tokyo , 184-8588 , Japan .
| | - Ya-Xin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S1 3JD , UK
| | - Ayaka Ono
- Department of Biotechnology , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Naka-cho, Koganei , Tokyo , 184-8588 , Japan .
| | - Xiang-Bing Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S1 3JD , UK
| | - Takahiro Ichikawa
- Department of Biotechnology , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Naka-cho, Koganei , Tokyo , 184-8588 , Japan .
- JST , PRESTO , 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi , Saitama , 332-0012 , Japan
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11
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Design of Ionic Liquid Crystals Forming Normal-Type Bicontinuous Cubic Phases with a 3D Continuous Ion Conductive Pathway. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9060309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared a series of pyridinium-based gemini amphiphiles. They exhibit thermotropic liquid–crystalline behavior depending on their alkyl chain lengths and anion species. By adjusting the alkyl chain lengths and selecting suitable anions, we have obtained an ionic amphiphile that exhibits a normal-type bicontinuous cubic phase from 38 °C to 12 °C on cooling from an isotropic phase. In the bicontinuous cubic liquid–crystalline assembly, the pyridinium-based ionic parts align along a gyroid minimal surface forming a 3D continuous ionic domain while their ionophobic alkyl chains form 3D branched nanochannel networks. This ionic compound can form homogeneous mixtures with a lithium salt and the resultant mixtures keep the ability to form normal-type bicontinuous cubic phases. Ion conduction measurements have been performed for the mixtures on cooling. It has been revealed that the formation of the 3D branched ionophobic nanochannels does not disturb the ion conduction behavior in the ionic domain while it results in the conversion of the state of the mixtures from fluidic liquids to quasi-solids, namely highly viscous liquid crystals. Although the ionic conductivity of the mixtures is in the order of 10–7 S cm–1 at 40 °C, which is far lower than the values for practical use, the present material design has a potential to pave the way for developing advanced solid electrolytes consisting of two task-specific nanosegregated domains: One is an ionic liquid nano-domain with a 3D continuity for high ionic conductivity and the other is ionophobic nanochannel network domains for high mechanical strength.
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12
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Study of Liquid Crystals Showing Two Isotropic Phases by 1H NMR Diffusometry and 1H NMR Relaxometry. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9030178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report a study of two thermotropic liquid crystalline samples showing a not common mesophase behavior. The samples, namely a di-benzyloxy biphenyl derivative labelled 9/2 RS/RS, and a bimesogenic liquid crystal labelled L1, show a direct transition between two isotropic phases followed, at lower temperatures, by the optically isotropic, 3D structured, cubic phase. These systems have been investigated by means of 1H NMR diffusometry and 1H NMR relaxometry in order to characterize their isotropic–isotropic’–cubic mesophase behavior, mainly on the dynamic point of view. In particular, the temperature trend of the self-diffusion coefficients measured for both samples allowed us to significantly distinguish between the two isotropic phases, while the temperature dependence of the 1H spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) did not show significant discontinuities at the isotropic–isotropic’ phase transition. A preliminary analysis of the frequency-dependence of 1H T1 at different temperatures gives information about the main motional processes active in the isotropic mesophases.
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Abstract
Ionic liquids have established themselves as promising soft compounds for bringing innovation to materials science. For further developing functions and abilities of ionic liquids, one of the most important challenges is to organize ionic liquids into dimensionally ordered states. In this feature article, we will present the organization of ionic liquids by endowing them with liquid-crystalline properties. In particular, focusing on the specific abilities and properties of functional ionic liquids, a variety of nanostructured ionic materials have been developed and their unique and enhanced functions have been revealed. Some potential uses of organized ionic liquids have also been mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ichikawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan. and Functional Ionic Liquid Laboratories (FILL), Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan and JST, PRESTO, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohno
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan. and Functional Ionic Liquid Laboratories (FILL), Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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14
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Nagai A, Kondo H, Miwa Y, Kondo T, Kutsumizu S, Yamamura Y, Saito K. Optical Switching between Liquid-Crystalline Assemblies with Different Structural Symmetries and Molecular Orders. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Nagai
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Yamamura
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuya Saito
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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Park G, Goossens K, Shin TJ, Bielawski CW. Dicyanamide Salts that Adopt Smectic, Columnar, or Bicontinuous Cubic Liquid-Crystalline Mesophases. Chemistry 2018; 24:6399-6411. [PMID: 29446859 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although dicyanamide (i.e., [N(CN)2 ]- ) has been commonly used to obtain low-viscosity, halogen-free, room-temperature ionic liquids, liquid-crystalline salts containing such anions have remained virtually unexplored. Here we report a series of amphiphilic dicyanamide salts that, depending on their structures and compositions, adopt smectic, columnar, or bicontinuous cubic thermotropic liquid-crystalline mesophases, even at room temperature in some cases. Their thermal properties were explored by polarized light optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (including evolved gas analysis), and variable-temperature synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Comparison of the thermal phase characteristics of these new liquid-crystalline salts featuring "V-shaped" [N(CN)2 ]- anions with those of structural analogues containing [SCN]- , [BF4 ]- , [PF6 ]- , or [CF3 SO3 ]- anions indicated that not only the size of the counterion but also its shape should be considered in the development of mesomorphic salts. Collectively, these discoveries may be expected to facilitate the design of thermotropic ionic liquid crystals that form inverted-type bicontinuous cubic and other sophisticated liquid-crystalline phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonhui Park
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Karel Goossens
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities (UCRF) and School of Natural Science, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher W Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Energy Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kutsumizu S, Yamada Y, Sugimoto T, Yamada N, Udagawa T, Miwa Y. Systematic exploitation of thermotropic bicontinuous cubic phase families from 1,2-bis(aryloyl)hydrazine-based molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7953-7961. [PMID: 29497712 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08345a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rational design of molecules that exhibit a thermotropic bicontinuous cubic (Cub) phase has been earnestly desired. In this work, we describe the suitable selection of a molecular motif that has enabled the systematic exploitation of eight new series of Cub-phase molecules with symmetric molecular cores, N-n (1), PB-n (2), S-n (3), and PEB-n (4), and unsymmetric cores, B-N-n (5), B-PB-n (6), B-S-n (7), and B-PEB-n (8). These eight series all originate from achiral chain-core-chain type rod-like molecules that exhibit two types of Cub phases, an achiral Ia3d phase, and a chiral phase. All the Ia3d phases formed were found to be isomorphous structures, with their cell dimensions being proportional to the core size, and the same was true for the latter chiral phase. We demonstrated that the formation is mainly governed by the segregation between core and alkyl moieties of the molecules, and thus, by the weight fraction of the core portion fcore. This work also demonstrates that the central dicarbonylhydrazine linkage bearing intermolecular hydrogen bonding ability exhibits a pinning effect that prevents slippage of π-stacks of molecules, which is critical for the formation of the two Cub phases that are composed of chiral networks with twisted molecular arrangements. In each series, the emergence of spontaneous chirality formation that occurred in the chiral phase was limited to between 0.36 and 0.50 in the range of fcore. An interesting insight was that the introduced unsymmetry of the molecular core strongly influenced the phase behavior, which lowered the temperature range of Cub phases to around that of the smallest core series B-n, while the high temperature limit (Tc) was roughly proportional to the core size, as determined by the strength of intermolecular π-π interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yutaro Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Sugimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Nina Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Taro Udagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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17
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Poppe M, Chen C, Ebert H, Poppe S, Prehm M, Kerzig C, Liu F, Tschierske C. Transition from nematic to gyroid-type cubic soft self-assembly by side-chain engineering of π-conjugated sticky rods. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:4381-4392. [PMID: 28573294 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00793k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A sequence of liquid crystalline phases, involving cybotactic nematics, a lamellar phase, bicontinuous cubics and triangular honeycombs, was observed for oligo(phenylene ethynylene) based X-shaped bolapolyphiles with two long lateral alkyl chains and sticky ends provided by glycerol groups. In the cubic phase with Ia3[combining macron]d lattice - which is tailored by alkyl chain engineering - the aromatic cores are organized on the gyroid minimal surface in 3D curved layers of almost parallel aligned π-conjugated rods. It is shown that this type of cubic phase is a general mode of soft self-assembly of X-shaped bolapolyphiles at the cross-over from the (long or short range) lamellar to the triangular honeycomb-like organization. Cubic phase formation is found only in a narrow range with respect to temperature and chain-length for the non-fluorinated compounds and in much wider ranges for related core-fluorinated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Poppe
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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18
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Guerra S, Dutronc T, Terazzi E, Buchwalder KL, Guénée L, Deschenaux R, Eliseeva SV, Petoud S, Piguet C. Taking a last look at lanthanidomesogens? The use of basic thermodynamics for programming the temperature domains of existence of luminescent liquid crystals. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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20
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Kobayashi T, Ichikawa T, Kato T, Ohno H. Development of Glassy Bicontinuous Cubic Liquid Crystals for Solid Proton-Conductive Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604429. [PMID: 27882615 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Glassy bicontinuous cubic liquid crystals are developed to be a matrix having a hydrophilic infinite periodic minimal surface (IPMS). They function as a scaffold for water, leading to the formation of a 3D continuous hydrogen-bonding network of water molecules along the IPMS. This material design is advantageous for developing novel electrolytes with rigidity and high proton conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Kobayashi
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ichikawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohno
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
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21
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Cheng H, Zhang R, Li T, Peng X, Xia M, Xiao Y, Cheng X. Synthesis and self-assembly of bent core polycatenar mesogens with binding selectivity to Hg2+. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00225d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Target compounds can self-assemble into CubI/Pm3̄nLC phases and organogels, simultaneously; these compounds have binding selectivity to Hg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Taihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Xiongwei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Meng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Yulong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
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22
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Ichikawa T, Okafuji A, Kato T, Ohno H. Induction of an Infinite Periodic Minimal Surface by Endowing An Amphiphilic Zwitterion with Halogen-Bond Ability. ChemistryOpen 2016; 5:439-444. [PMID: 27777835 PMCID: PMC5062008 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We have designed an amphiphilic zwitterion with an iodine‐substituted imidazolium cation. Although it forms a layered assembly with flat interfaces, the addition of an equimolar amount of bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide results in the formation of a bicontinuous cubic liquid‐crystalline assembly with a primitive‐type infinite periodic minimal surface, where its zwitterionic headgroup sits regularly. IR measurements revealed that halogen bond between the iodine atoms on the imidazolium cation and the anions is involved in its molecular‐assembly behavior. The present results clearly indicate the potential utility of halogen bonding to control the dimensionality and continuity of the ionic/nonionic interface of amphiphiles in bulk and consequent mesophase patterns, which may be a significant new molecular technology for precisely arranging functional molecules on a 3D continuous interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ichikawa
- Department of Biotechnology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Nakacho, Koganei Tokyo184-8588 Japan; PRESTO The Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi 332-0012 Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Okafuji
- Department of Biotechnology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Nakacho, Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohno
- Department of Biotechnology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Nakacho, Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
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23
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Zeng X, Prehm M, Ungar G, Tschierske C, Liu F. Formation of a Double Diamond Cubic Phase by Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Self-Assembly of Bundled Bolaamphiphiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8324-7. [PMID: 27270840 PMCID: PMC5089568 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A quaternary amphiphile with swallow-tail side groups displays a new bicontinuous thermotropic cubic phase with symmetry Pn3‾ m and formed by two interpenetrating networks where cylindrical segments are linked by H bonds at tetrahedral junctions. Each network segment contains two bundles, each containing 12 rod-like mesogens, lying along the segment axis. This assembly leads to the first thermotropic structure of the "double diamond" type. A quantitative geometric model is proposed to explain the occurrence of this rare phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbing Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Marko Prehm
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Goran Ungar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany.
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China.
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24
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Zeng X, Prehm M, Ungar G, Tschierske C, Liu F. Formation of a Double Diamond Cubic Phase by Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Self‐Assembly of Bundled Bolaamphiphiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbing Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - Marko Prehm
- Institute of Chemistry Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Goran Ungar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield S1 3JD UK
- Department of Physics Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 310018 Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield S1 3JD UK
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P.R. China
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25
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Tomašić V, Mihelj T. The review on properties of solid catanionic surfactants: Main applications and perspectives of new catanionic surfactants and compounds with catanionic assisted synthesis. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2016.1180992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vlasta Tomašić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tea Mihelj
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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26
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Goossens K, Lava K, Bielawski CW, Binnemans K. Ionic Liquid Crystals: Versatile Materials. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4643-807. [PMID: 27088310 DOI: 10.1021/cr400334b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This Review covers the recent developments (2005-2015) in the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of thermotropic ionic liquid crystals. It was designed to give a comprehensive overview of the "state-of-the-art" in the field. The discussion is focused on low molar mass and dendrimeric thermotropic ionic mesogens, as well as selected metal-containing compounds (metallomesogens), but some references to polymeric and/or lyotropic ionic liquid crystals and particularly to ionic liquids will also be provided. Although zwitterionic and mesoionic mesogens are also treated to some extent, emphasis will be directed toward liquid-crystalline materials consisting of organic cations and organic/inorganic anions that are not covalently bound but interact via electrostatic and other noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Goossens
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Lava
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christopher W Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Koen Binnemans
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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27
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Kutsumizu S, Tokiwa I, Kawafuchi A, Miwa Y, Yamamura Y, Saito K. Stabilization of the bicontinuous cubic phase in siloxane-terminated mesogens, 1,2-bis[4'-(n-(oligodimethylsiloxyl)alkoxy)benzoyl]hydrazine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:9013-20. [PMID: 26965052 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00622a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of oligodimethyl siloxane segments at the termini of the alkyl tails has been employed to stabilize the bicontinuous cubic (Cub(bi)) phase of a chain-core-chain type molecule having a 1,2-bis(benzoyl)hydrazine central core with two chains attached at the 4' position of each benzoyl moiety. In this study, three silylated molecules, bis-C10Si2, bis-C10Si3, and C10Si2-C8C=C, were synthesized, where "CnSim" represents the number of carbon and silicon atoms in the chain and "bis" indicates the two chains being the same, whereas the last one is asymmetric with respect to the core. The phase behaviors were examined by using polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction techniques. All three compounds form Cub(bi) phases and their syntheses were compared including their parent compound bis-C18. It was clearly revealed that the introduction of oligodimethyl siloxane segments effectively suppresses the crystallization at low temperatures, and as a result stabilizes the Cub(bi) phases, in an extreme case down to room temperature. The semi-quantitative analyses in terms of lattice constant and three-dimensional electron density map help us to better understand the self-assembly process in the Cub(bi) phases. The study also revealed that the introduction of oligodimethyl siloxane segments is not only an alternative for the hydrocarbon segment but also is able to provide a versatile design strategy for obtaining stable Cub(bi) phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Issei Tokiwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Akane Kawafuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yasuhisa Yamamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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28
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Kutsumizu S, Miisako S, Miwa Y, Kitagawa M, Yamamura Y, Saito K. Mirror symmetry breaking by mixing of equimolar amounts of two gyroid phase-forming achiral molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:17341-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02954j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mirror symmetry breaking was realised by mixing of two achiral molecules both of which form themselves achiral bicontinuous cubic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Japan
| | - Suguru Miisako
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Japan
| | - Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Japan
| | - Makoto Kitagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Yamamura
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Kazuya Saito
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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29
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Matsumoto T, Ono A, Ichikawa T, Kato T, Ohno H. Construction of gyroid-structured matrices through the design of geminized amphiphilic zwitterions and their self-organization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12167-12170. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06840e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gemini amphiphilic zwitterions exhibit thermotropic bicontinuous cubic liquid-crystalline phases having a 3D continuous ionic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
- Functional Ionic Liquid Laboratories
| | - Ayaka Ono
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
| | - Takahiro Ichikawa
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
- Functional Ionic Liquid Laboratories
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- The University of Tokyo
- Hongo
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohno
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
- Functional Ionic Liquid Laboratories
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30
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Dressel C, Weissflog W, Tschierske C. Spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking in a re-entrant isotropic liquid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15850-3. [PMID: 26376587 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06843f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An achiral double-swallow tailed tetracatenar compound forms a re-entrant isotropic liquid between a bicontinuous cubic phase and a nematic liquid crystalline phase. This isotropic liquid was found to represent a conglomerate of two immiscible chiral liquids. The chirality is retained and eventually becomes uniform at the transition to the cubic I432 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Dressel
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str.2, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Weissflog
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str.2, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str.2, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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31
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Ogawa R, Miwa Y, Kutsumizu S. FT-IR Study on Liquid Crystal Phase Transitions of Thermotropic Hydrogen-Bonded Cubic Mesogenes, 1,2-Bis(4′-n-alkoxybenzoyl)hydrazines (BABH-n) and 4′-n-Alkoxy-3′-nitrobiphenyl-4-carboxlic acid (ANBC-n): Spectroscopic Evidence for Quasibinary Picture Model. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:10131-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b05498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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32
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Pitto-Barry A, Barry NPE, Russo V, Heinrich B, Donnio B, Therrien B, Deschenaux R. Designing Supramolecular Liquid-Crystalline Hybrids from Pyrenyl-Containing Dendrimers and Arene Ruthenium Metallacycles. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17616-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ja510338r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- Institut
de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas P. E. Barry
- Institut
de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Russo
- Institut
de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut
de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS),
UMR 7504, CNRS−Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue
du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut
de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS),
UMR 7504, CNRS−Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue
du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
- Complex
Assemblies of Soft Matter Laboratory (COMPASS), UMI 3254, CNRS/Solvay/University of Pennsylvania, CRTB, 350 George Patterson Boulevard, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007, United States
| | - Bruno Therrien
- Institut
de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Deschenaux
- Institut
de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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33
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Su PYS, Tseng JCW, Lee KM, Wang JC, Lin IJB. Tetranuclear Silver(I) Clusters Showing High Ionic Conductivity in a Bicontinuous Cubic Mesophase. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:5902-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500627d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Padi Y. S. Su
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Jing C. W. Tseng
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Ming Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Kaohsiung Normal University, 62 Shen-Shung Road, Kaohsiung 82444, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, No. 70, Lin
Shih Road, Shih-Lin, Taipei 11102, Taiwan
| | - Ivan J. B. Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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34
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Hori R, Miwa Y, Yamamoto K, Kutsumizu S. Phase Structure and Phase Transition Mechanism for Light-Induced Ia3d Cubic Phase in 4′-n-Docosyloxy-3′-nitrobiphenyl-4-carboxlic acid/Ethyl 4-(4′-n-docosyloxyphenylazo)benzoate Binary Mixture. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:3743-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4127978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hori
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yohei Miwa
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Life & Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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35
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Maeda Y, Kutsumizu S, Sakurai S. The pressure effect on thermotropic cubic phases of 1,2-bis(4'-n-alkoxybenzoyl)hydrazines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:4329-37. [PMID: 24457459 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54471k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of pressure on the nanostructure of a thermotropic cubic (Cub) mesogen 1,2-bis(4'-n-alkoxybenzoyl)hydrazine (BABH-n; n is the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain) was investigated under elevated pressures up to 140 MPa by an X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Four compounds, BABH-12, -14, -16 and -18, were examined and the type of Cub mesophase formed at ambient pressure is Ia3d for BABH-12 and -18, Im3m for BABH-14, and both for BABH-16. The high-pressure XRD enabled the discrimination of the Cub phase type in the low-pressure Cub phase regions of BABH-14 and BABH-16 and the revision of the phase diagrams reported previously. New insight in this work is changes in the lattice constant a of the Cub phases upon pressurization. The lattice constant a of the Im3m-Cub phase in BABH-14 decreases as only an exception, while those of the Ia3d-Cub phases in BABH-16 and -18 increased gradually, with increasing pressure, up to about 24 and 25% in the unit cell volume, respectively, in their optimal situations of pressure and temperature. The a values of the Ia3d-Cub phases in BABH-12, -14, -16 and -18 at elevated pressures were roughly on an extrapolated line of the a vs. n linear relationship determined for the corresponding data of the short-chain BABH-n (6 ≤ n ≤ 13) at ambient pressure. The pressure-induced expansion of the Ia3d-Cub lattice is well explained by reduced lateral expansion of a terminal alkyl chain and apparent reduction of the effective core size (from "double-layered core" to the "single-layered core" states).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Maeda
- Department of Life Science and Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo Polytechnic University, 1583 Iiyama, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0297, Japan
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36
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Vogrin M, Vaupotič N, Wojcik MM, Mieczkowski J, Madrak K, Pociecha D, Gorecka E. Thermotropic cubic and tetragonal phases made of rod-like molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:16067-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01641f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For rod-like molecules with two chiral centers de-racemization results in formation of a tetragonal mesophase instead of a cubic one.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Vogrin
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
- University of Maribor
- Maribor, Slovenia
| | - N. Vaupotič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
- University of Maribor
- Maribor, Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan Institute
- 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M. M. Wojcik
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. Mieczkowski
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K. Madrak
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D. Pociecha
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - E. Gorecka
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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Tan X, Kong L, Dai H, Cheng X, Liu F, Tschierske C. Triblock Polyphiles through Click Chemistry: Self-Assembled Thermotropic Cubic Phases Formed by Micellar and Monolayer Vesicular Aggregates. Chemistry 2013; 19:16303-13. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tschierske C. Entwicklung struktureller Komplexität durch Selbstorganisation in flüssigkristallinen Systemen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tschierske C. Development of structural complexity by liquid-crystal self-assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8828-78. [PMID: 23934786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the liquid-crystalline state of matter 125 years ago, this field has developed into a scientific area with many facets. This Review presents recent developments in the molecular design and self-assembly of liquid crystals. The focus is on new exciting soft-matter structures distinct from the usually observed nematic, smectic, and columnar phases. These new structures have enhanced complexity, including multicompartment and cellular structures, periodic and quasiperiodic arrays of spheres, and new emergent properties, such as ferroelctricity and spontaneous achiral symmetry-breaking. Comparisons are made with developments in related fields, such as self-assembled monolayers, multiblock copolymers, and nanoparticle arrays. Measures of structural complexity used herein are the size of the lattice, the number of distinct compartments, the dimensionality, and the logic depth of the resulting supramolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Tschierske
- Institut für Chemie, Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle Saale, Germany.
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Columnar and smectic self-assembly deriving from non ionic amphiphilic hyperbranched polyethylene imine polymers and induced by hydrogen bonding and segregation into polar and non polar parts. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dai H, Yang X, Tan X, Su F, Cheng X, Liu F, Tschierske C. Liquid crystalline 2-thienyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazines exhibiting Im3̄m and Pm3̄n micellar cubic phases in an inverted sequence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:10617-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45467c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tschierske C. Microsegregation: From Basic Concepts to Complexity in Liquid Crystal Self-Assembly. Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Kutsumizu S. Recent Progress in the Synthesis and Structural Clarification of Thermotropic Cubic Phases. Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201200032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hori R, Furukawa D, Yamamoto K, Kutsumizu S. Light-Driven Phase Transition in a Cubic-Phase-Forming Binary System Composed of 4′-n-Docosyloxy-3′-nitrobiphenyl-4-carboxylic Acid and an Azobenzene Derivative. Chemistry 2012; 18:7346-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mukai H, Yokokawa M, Ichihara M, Hatsusaka K, Ohta K. Discotic liquid crystals of transition metal complexes 42: the detailed phase structures and phase transition mechanisms of two Cub mesophases shown by discotic liquid crystals based on phthalocyanine metal complexes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424610001908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We found in our previous works that the sandwich-type phthalocyanine-based rare earth metal complexes, bis[2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(3,4-dialkoxyphenoxy)phthalocyaninato]lanthanoid(III) ({[( C n O )2 PhO ]8 Pc }2 M, M = Eu and Lu , n = 8–16) (1 and 3), exhibited two thermotropic cubic mesophases, Cub1 and Cub2, together with columnar mesophases. It is rare that the discotic liquid crystalline compounds show the cubic mesophase. We revealed that their symmetries of the lower temperature Cub1 mesophase and the higher temperature Cub2 mesophase were [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. However, their detailed phase structures were not revealed in the previous works. In this work, we have synthesized a series of novel sandwich-type phthalocyanine-based terbium complexes, bis[2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(3,4-dialkoxyphenoxy)phthalocyaninato]terbium(III) ({[( C n O )2 PhO ]8 Pc }2 Tb , n = 8–16) (2). Their mesomorphic properties have been investigated using polarization microscope, DSC and temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction techniques. As the result, the present Tb complexes (2) also showed two cubic mesophases, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], together with columnar mesophases, as well as the previous Eu homologs (1) and Lu homologs (3). We have furthermore investigated by using temperature-dependent electronic absorption spectroscopy to reveal their detailed phase structures and phase transition mechanism of these two Cub mesophases. We have revealed that the [Formula: see text] mesophase forms a bicontinuous structure consisting of branched columns like jungle gym, but that the [Formula: see text] mesophase forms a discontinuous structure consisting of short columns like drums that resulted from the cutting off of the branched columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetomo Mukai
- Smart Materials Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 386-8567 Ueda, Japan
| | - Miho Yokokawa
- Smart Materials Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 386-8567 Ueda, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ichihara
- Smart Materials Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 386-8567 Ueda, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Hatsusaka
- Smart Materials Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 386-8567 Ueda, Japan
| | - Kazuchika Ohta
- Smart Materials Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 386-8567 Ueda, Japan
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Miisako S, Kutsumizu S, Sakajiri K. A partially crosslinked bicontinuous cubic phase exhibiting a temperature range of more than 100 °C. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:2225-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc16411f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ichikawa T, Yoshio M, Taguchi S, Kagimoto J, Ohno H, Kato T. Co-organisation of ionic liquids with amphiphilic diethanolamines: construction of 3D continuous ionic nanochannels through the induction of liquid–crystalline bicontinuous cubic phases. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc00981a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Goossens K, Wellens S, Van Hecke K, Van Meervelt L, Cardinaels T, Binnemans K. T-Shaped Ionic Liquid Crystals Based on the Imidazolium Motif: Exploring Substitution of the C-2 Imidazolium Carbon Atom. Chemistry 2011; 17:4291-306. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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